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1

Gussenhoven, Carlos. "Commentary: Tonal complexity in non-tonal languages." Journal of Language Evolution 1, no. 1 (2016): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jole/lzv016.

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2

Percival, Maida, and Kaz Bamba. "Segmental intonation in tonal and non-tonal languages." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, no. 5 (2017): 3701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4988075.

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3

Lee, Hyunjung, and Allard Jongman. "Perception of initial stops in tonal and non-tonal Korean." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, no. 4 (2011): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3655308.

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4

Chen, Si, Yunjuan He, Ratree Wayland, Yike Yang, Bei Li, and Chun Wah Yuen. "Mechanisms of tone sandhi rule application by tonal and non-tonal non-native speakers." Speech Communication 115 (December 2019): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2019.10.008.

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5

Ciocca, Valter, Alexander L. Francis, and Yanhong Zhang. "Learning of non‐native tonal contrasts with or without tonal context." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, no. 5 (2006): 3175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4787948.

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6

Popovic, Linda. "Liszt's Harmonic Polymorphism: Tonal and Non-Tonal Aspects in 'Heroide Funebre'." Music Analysis 15, no. 1 (1996): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/854169.

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7

Dean, Roger Thornton, and Marcus Thomas Pearce. "Algorithmically-generated Corpora that use Serial Compositional Principles Can Contribute to the Modeling of Sequential Pitch Structure in Non-tonal Music." Empirical Musicology Review 11, no. 1 (2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v11i1.4900.

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We investigate whether pitch sequences in non-tonal music can be modeled by an information-theoretic approach using algorithmically-generated melodic sequences, made according to 12-tone serial principles, as the training corpus. This is potentially useful, because symbolic corpora of non-tonal music are not readily available. A non-tonal corpus of serially-composed melodies was constructed algorithmically using classic principles of 12-tone music, including prime, inversion, retrograde and retrograde inversion transforms. A similar algorithm generated a tonal melodic corpus of tonal transform
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8

Lin, Hui-shan. "Tonal (non-)transfer in Kunming Reduplication." Journal of East Asian Linguistics 28, no. 1 (2019): 55–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10831-019-09190-8.

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9

Li, Yang-wenyi, Xiaoting Cheng, Chenru Ding, John J. Galvin, Bing Chen, and Qian-Jie Fu. "Benefits of long-term music training for segregation of competing speech by tonal language speakers." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0019032.

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Extended experience with meaningful pitch information has been shown to benefit music perception as well as speech perception where pitch cues are important, such as segregation of competing speech and tonal language perception. Interestingly, pitch perception has been shown to be similar between non-musicians who speak a tonal language and musicians who speak a non-tonal language, both of which outperform non-musicians who speak a non-tonal language. However, it is unknown whether extensive music training can further benefit pitch perception in tonal language speakers. In this study, melodic
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10

Thompson, Avery. "Tonal language speakers experience less vocal impairment from alcohol." Scilight 2022, no. 33 (2022): 331102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0013392.

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11

Järvikivi, Juhani, Martti Vainio, and Daniel Aalto. "Real-Time Correlates of Phonological Quantity Reveal Unity of Tonal and Non-Tonal Languages." PLoS ONE 5, no. 9 (2010): e12603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012603.

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12

Hao, Yen-Chen. "Second language acquisition of Mandarin Chinese tones by tonal and non-tonal language speakers." Journal of Phonetics 40, no. 2 (2012): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2011.11.001.

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13

Chen, Si, Caicai Zhang, Adam G. McCollum, and Ratree Wayland. "Statistical modelling of phonetic and phonologised perturbation effects in tonal and non-tonal languages." Speech Communication 88 (April 2017): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2017.01.006.

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14

Choi, Tae-Hwan, Gyung-Ho Kim, and Jeong-Im Han. "Perception and production of English stops by tonal and non-tonal Korean dialect speakers." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134, no. 6 (2013): EL541—EL546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4829059.

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15

Chien, Pei‐Ju, Angela D. Friederici, Gesa Hartwigsen, and Daniela Sammler. "Neural correlates of intonation and lexical tone in tonal and non‐tonal language speakers." Human Brain Mapping 41, no. 7 (2020): 1842–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24916.

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16

Matsunaga, Rie, Pitoyo Hartono, Koichi Yokosawa, and Jun-ichi Abe. "The Development of Sensitivity to Tonality Structure of Music." Music Perception 37, no. 3 (2020): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2020.37.3.225.

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Tonal schemata are shaped by culture-specific music exposure. The acquisition process of tonal schemata has been delineated in Western mono-musical children, but cross-cultural variations have not been explored. We examined how Japanese children acquire tonal schemata in a bi-musical culture characterized by the simultaneous, and unbalanced, appearances of Western (dominant) music along with traditional Japanese (non-dominant) music. Progress of this acquisition was indexed by gauging children’s sensitivities to musical scale membership (differentiating scale-tones from non-scale-tones) and di
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17

이옥주. "Global Pitch Characteristics of Tonal and Non-Tonal Language Speakers : Evidence from Mandarin-Korean Bilinguals." CHINESE LITERATURE 98, no. ll (2019): 267–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21192/scll.98..201902.013.

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18

Dean, Roger T. "The Serial Collaborator: A Meta-Pianist for Real-Time Tonal and Non-Tonal Music Generation." Leonardo 47, no. 3 (2014): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00769.

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Serial music, which is mainly non-tonal, superimposes compositional freedom onto an unusually rigorous process of pitch-sequence transformations based on ‘tone rows’: a row is usually a sequence of notes using each of the 12 chromatic pitches once. Compositional freedom comprises forming chords from the sequences, and in multi-strand music, also in simultaneously presenting different segments of pitch-sequences. The present project coded a real-time serial music composer for automatic or interactive music performance. This Serial Keyboardist Collaborator can perform keyboard music which is imp
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19

Chen, Si, Yiqing Zhu, Ratree Wayland, and Yike Yang. "How musical experience affects tone perception efficiency by musicians of tonal and non-tonal speakers?" PLOS ONE 15, no. 5 (2020): e0232514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232514.

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20

Wong, Yetta Kwailing, Vince SH Ngan, Leo YT Cheung, and Alan C.-N. Wong. "Absolute pitch learning in adults speaking non-tonal languages." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 11 (2020): 1908–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820935776.

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Absolute pitch (AP) refers to labelling individual pitches in the absence of external reference. A widely endorsed theory regards AP as a privileged ability enjoyed by selected few with rare genetic makeup and musical training starting in early childhood. However, recent evidence showed that even adults can learn AP, and some can attain a performance level comparable to natural AP possessors. These training studies involved native tonal language speakers, whose acquisition of AP might be facilitated by tonal language exposure during early childhood. In this study, adults speaking non-tonal lan
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21

Lin, Hui-shan. "Indirect tone-prominence interaction in Kunming tone sandhi." Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 45, no. 1 (2019): 44–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/consl.00003.li.

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Abstract Kunming exhibits a special kind of interaction between tone and prominence whereby the prosodic headedness is shown to play an indirect role in tone sandhi. Due to higher-ranked tonal faithfulness constraints, lower tones, which are universally unfavored in the head position, do not change to higher tones, and higher tones, which are universally unfavored in the non-head position, do not change to lower tones. Nonetheless, though the unfavored tone-(non-)head correlation does not directly trigger tone sandhi, it indirectly decides whether tone sandhi will take place. Falling tones, in
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22

ORTEGA-LLEBARIA, MARTA, MARITZA NEMOGÁ, and NORA PRESSON. "Long-term experience with a tonal language shapes the perception of intonation in English words: How Chinese–English bilinguals perceive “Rose?” vs. “Rose”." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20, no. 2 (2015): 367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728915000723.

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Long-term experience with a tonal language shapes pitch perception in specific ways, and consequently Chinese speakers may not process pitch in English words – e.g., “Rose?” spoken as a question versus “Rose” spoken as a statement – in the same way as native speakers of non-tonal languages do. If so, what are those pitch processing differences and how do they affect Chinese recognition of English words? We investigated these questions by administering a primed lexical-decision task in English to proficient Chinese–English bilinguals and two control groups, namely, Spanish–English and native En
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23

최영미. "Non-Syllabification and Tonal Change in Jeongseon Dialect." Korean Language Research ll, no. 33 (2013): 269–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.16876/klrc.2013..33.269.

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24

Rahn, Jay. ""Chinese Harmony" and Contemporary Non-Tonal Music Theory." Canadian University Music Review 19, no. 2 (2013): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014452ar.

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Twentieth-century Chinese theorists and composers have developed a distinctively indigenous approach to harmony, based in part on earlier pentatonic traditions. Mixed as it is with conventions of diatonic and chromatic harmony imported from Europe and North America, the resulting "Chinese harmony" poses music-theoretical problems of coordinating diatonic and pentatonic scales, and tertial and quartal chords. A survey of Chinese harmony as expounded by Kang Ou shows these difficulties to be theoretically intractable within solely Chinese or Euro-American frameworks, but soluble through recent f
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25

Downing, Laura J. "Compounding and tonal non-transfer in Bantu languages." Phonology 20, no. 01 (2003): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675703004457.

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26

Braun, Bettina, Tobias Galts, and Barış Kabak. "Lexical encoding of L2 tones: The role of L1 stress, pitch accent and intonation." Second Language Research 30, no. 3 (2014): 323–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658313510926.

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Native language prosodic structure is known to modulate the processing of non-native suprasegmental information. It has been shown that native speakers of French, a language without lexical stress, have difficulties storing non-native stress contrasts. We investigated whether the ability to store lexical tone (as in Mandarin Chinese) also depends on the first language (L1) prosodic structure and, if so, how. We tested participants from a stress language (German), a language without word stress (French), a language with restricted lexical tonal contrasts (Japanese), and Mandarin Chinese control
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27

Kim, Juwon. "On the Evolution of Korean Prosody -A Comprehensive Research on Tonal dialect and Non-tonal dialect-." Journal of Korean Linguistics 104 (December 31, 2022): 3–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15811/jkl.2022..104.001.

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28

Bao, Yan, Aneta Szymaszek, Xiaoying Wang, Anna Oron, Ernst Pöppel, and Elzbieta Szelag. "Temporal order perception of auditory stimuli is selectively modified by tonal and non-tonal language environments." Cognition 129, no. 3 (2013): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2013.08.019.

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29

LIU, LIQUAN, and RENÉ KAGER. "Perception of tones by bilingual infants learning non-tone languages." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20, no. 3 (2016): 561–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728916000183.

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This paper examines the ability of bilingual infants who were learning Dutch and another non-tone language to discriminate tonal contrasts. All infants from 5 to 18 months of age succeeded in discriminating a tonal contrast of Mandarin Chinese (Tone 1 versus Tone 4) and showed a U-shaped pattern when facing a less acoustically salient manipulated version (contracted) of the aforementioned contrast. Specifically, infants showed initial sensitivity to the contracted contrast during their early months, followed by a loss of sensitivity at the stage where tonal perceptual reorganization typically
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30

Turnbull, Rory. "The phonetics and phonology of lexical prosody in San Jerónimo Acazulco Otomi." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 47, no. 3 (2016): 251–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100316000384.

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San Jerónimo Acazulco Otomi (SJAO) is an underdescribed and endangered Oto-Manguean language spoken in central Mexico. This paper provides an analysis of the phonology of tonal contrasts in SJAO and the phonetics of their realization based on pitch pattern data derived from audio recordings of citation forms of SJAO words. Each SJAO lexical word has one and only one tonal sequence – either /H/ or /HL/. This sequence is underlyingly associated with one syllable in the word. Other syllables are not specified for tone, and their phonetic realization is predictable depending on their position rela
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31

Hao, Yen-Chen. "The effect of second language experience on lexical encoding of segments and tones." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (2022): A261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011266.

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While previous studies generally find that increasing second language (L2) experience contributes to more accurate phonetic perception of L2 sounds, whether it leads to more proficient lexical encoding remains an empirical question. The current study examines lexical encoding of Mandarin segments and tones by English speakers at different proficiency levels. Eleven English speakers naïve to Mandarin, fifteen intermediate and nine advanced L2 learners participated in a word-learning experiment. After learning 16 Mandarin disyllabic words, they judged the matching between sound and meaning pairs
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32

Gosselke Berthelsen, Sabine, Merle Horne, Yury Shtyrov, and Mikael Roll. "Phonological transfer effects in novice learners: A learner's brain detects grammar errors only if the language sounds familiar." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 24, no. 4 (2021): 656–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728921000134.

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AbstractMany aspects of a new language, including grammar rules, can be acquired and accessed within minutes. In the present study, we investigate how initial learners respond when the rules of a novel language are not adhered to. Through spoken word-picture association-learning, tonal and non-tonal speakers were taught artificial words. Along with lexicosemantic content expressed by consonants, the words contained grammatical properties embedded in vowels and tones. Pictures that were mismatched with any of the words’ phonological cues elicited an N400 in tonal learners. Non-tonal learners on
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33

Jang Mi. "Production of English Voicing Contrast in Different Prosodic Conditions by Tonal and Non-tonal Korean Dialect Speakers." Journal of Studies in Language 31, no. 2 (2015): 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18627/jslg.31.2.201508.479.

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34

Kirby, James P. "Onset pitch perturbations and the cross-linguistic implementation of voicing: Evidence from tonal and non-tonal languages." Journal of Phonetics 71 (November 2018): 326–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2018.09.009.

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35

Lehman, Frank. "Schubert's SLIDEs: Tonal (Non-)Integration of a Paradoxical Transformation." Music Theory and Analysis (MTA) 1, no. 1 (2014): 61–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/mta.1.4.

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36

Yu, Kristine M. "Using voice quality to learn non‐native tonal categories." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (2009): 2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4784761.

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37

Ozerov, Pavel. "Tone assignment and grammatical tone in Anal (Tibeto-Burman)." Studies in Language 42, no. 3 (2018): 708–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.17030.oze.

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Abstract Complex phenomena of grammatical tone, well-described for many African languages, are increasingly attested also in the Tibeto-Burman family. This paper describes the tone assignment rule and two cases of tonal expression of grammatical categories in the Tibeto-Burman language Anal. The typologically unusual rule involves tone spreading, tonal polarity on a non-edge constituent and additional spreading, resulting in constant tonal patterns across grammatical suffixes. In two different cases the combination of the tonal pattern assigned by this rule with peculiar morpho-tonological pro
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38

Franich, Kathryn. "The influence of co-speech gesture presence on the timing of F0 peaks in a tonal language." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0019214.

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The timing of co-speech gestures has been shown to correlate with the location of pitch peaks in speech in several non-tonal languages. While little research has examined this relationship in tonal languages, existing work suggests that pitch peak timing does not show the same synchronous alignment with manual gesture timing. In this paper, we examine whether the presence of a gesture can have an influence on timing of pitch peaks in Medʉmba, a tonal Grassfields Bantu language. Manual gesture data were analyzed from spontaneous interview speech of six Medʉmba speakers. In line with prior findi
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39

Leben, W. R. "Tonal feet and the adaptation of English borrowings into Hausa." Studies in African Linguistics 25, no. 2 (1996): 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v25i2.107400.

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This paper investigates how Hausa places a tonal interpretation on stress in English borrowings. A key intermediary in this process is the tonal foot, which is maximally disyllabic. Tonal feet are of two kinds, in complementary distribution in the data. One is interpreted as HL, or falling-toned, the other as High-toned. The analysis represents a significant advance over the less highly structured view that a simple substitution algorithm replaces stresses with tones, e.g., High tone for-stressed syllables and Low tone for unstressed. This provides a boost for the status of the tonal foot as a
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40

Chen, Si, Bei Li, Yunjuan He, Shuwen Chen, Yike Yang, and Fang Zhou. "The effects of perceptual training on speech production of Mandarin sandhi tones by tonal and non-tonal speakers." Speech Communication 139 (April 2022): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2022.02.008.

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41

Chan, Ka Wing, and Janet H. Hsiao. "Hemispheric asymmetry in processing low- and high-pass filtered Cantonese speech in tonal and non-tonal language speakers." Language and Cognitive Processes 28, no. 8 (2013): 1224–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2012.702915.

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42

Zajdler, Ewa. "Between Sound and Voice: Teaching Chinese Tones To Non-Tonal Language Speakers." Roczniki Humanistyczne 69, no. 9 (2021): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh21699-7.

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The production of highly intelligible syllables in Mandarin Chinese entails a successful production of tones, which poses a challenge for learners of Chinese as a foreign language. The aim of the current paper is to address this issue by identifying the key tonal features contributing to tone intelligibility in the lexemes produced by Polish learners of Mandarin Chinese as a foreign language. Samples of Polish female students’ tonal pronunciations at two stages of learning were selected and compared with productions made by a female native speaker of Mandarin Chinese from Taiwan. Four syllable
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43

YAO, Yuan, Chao SUN, Xionghou LIU, and Mingyang LI. "Waveguide invariant estimation based on correlation coefficient of tonal acoustic intensity interference fluctuation." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 41, no. 3 (2023): 612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20234130612.

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The waveguide invariant is usually not extracted from the striation pattern of broadband continuous spectrum in the low frequency analysis and recording spectrum at low signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, the correlation coefficient of multi-tonal acoustic intensity interference fluctuation is utilized to estimate waveguide invariant. Since the proportional relationship between the reference intensity interference fluctuation and the scaled intensity interference fluctuation is dependent on waveguide invariant, the waveguide invariant estimation can be done. Firstly, the tonal intensity inte
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44

Morett, Laura M. "The Influence of Tonal and Atonal Bilingualism on Children’s Lexical and Non-Lexical Tone Perception." Language and Speech 63, no. 2 (2019): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830919834679.

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This study examined how bilingualism in an atonal language, in addition to a tonal language, influences lexical and non-lexical tone perception and word learning during childhood. Forty children aged 5;3–7;2, bilingual either in English and Mandarin or English and another atonal language, were tested on Mandarin lexical tone discrimination, level-pitch sine-wave tone discrimination, and learning of novel words differing minimally in Mandarin lexical tone. Mandarin–English bilingual children discriminated between and learned novel words differing minimally in Mandarin lexical tone more accurate
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45

Lee, Hyunjung, and Allard Jongman. "Effects of tone on the three-way laryngeal distinction in Korean: An acoustic and aerodynamic comparison of the Seoul and South Kyungsang dialects." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 42, no. 2 (2012): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100312000035.

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The three-way laryngeal distinction among voiceless Korean stops has been well documented for the Seoul dialect. The present study compares the acoustic and aerodynamic properties of this stop series between two dialects, non-tonal Seoul and tonal South Kyungsang Korean. Sixteen male Korean speakers (eight from Seoul and eight from Kyungsang) participated. Measures collected included VOT, f0 at vowel onset, H1-H2, and air pressure and airflow. The presence versus absence of lexical pitch accent affects both the acoustic and aerodynamic properties. First, Seoul speakers use a combination of f0
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46

Katz, William F., Cecilia L. Pak, and Sujin Shin. "Acoustics and emotion in tonal and non-tonal languages: Findings from individuals with typical hearing and with cochlear implants." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, no. 3 (2018): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5068108.

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47

Nguyen Van, Nhi, Son Luu Xuan, Iurii Lezhenin, Natalia Bogach, and Evgeny Pyshkin. "Adopting StudyIntonation CAPT Tools to Tonal Languages Through the Example of Vietnamese." SHS Web of Conferences 102 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110201007.

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In tonal languages, tones are associated with both and phonological and lexical domains. Accurate tone articulation is required in order to convey the correct meaning. Learning tones at both word and phrase levels is often challenging for L2 learners with non-tonal language background, because of possible subtle difference between the close tones. In this paper, we discuss an adoption of StudyIntonation CAPT tools to the case of Vietnamese language being a good example of register tonal language with a complex system of tones comprising such features as tone pitch, its length, contour melody,
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48

Forte, Allen. "New Approaches to the Linear Analysis of Music." Journal of the American Musicological Society 41, no. 2 (1988): 315–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/831436.

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A number of recent studies incorporate linear analysis of non-standard tonal music and non-tonal music. Although the author takes issue with the application of strict Schenkerian paradigms to such music he acknowledges the historical importance of the Schenkerian canon. Invoking new procedures, among them pitch-class set-analytical techniques, the author presents a series of analyses which reveal linear-motivic features held to be essential to the music under consideration over temporal spans of varying length. The study, which includes works by Stravinsky, Wagner, and Scriabin, ends by sugges
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Policht, Richard, and Vlastimil Hart. "Individual and Geographic Variation in Non-Harmonic Phases of Male Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) Song." Animals 13, no. 4 (2023): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040765.

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Individually distinct acoustic signals, produced mainly as tonal and harmonic sounds, have been recorded in many species; however, non-tonal ‘noisy’ signals have received little attention or have not been studied in detail. The capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus) produce complex courtship songs composed of non-tonal noisy signals in four discrete phases. We analyzed recordings from 24 captive male capercaillies in breeding centres in the Czech Republic, Poland, and Germany, and songs from wild males in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Estonia to test whether a non-harmonic song can encode individual-
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Viqueira-Moreira, Manuel, and Esteban Ferrer. "Insights into the Aeroacoustic Noise Generation for Vertical Axis Turbines in Close Proximity." Energies 13, no. 16 (2020): 4148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164148.

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We present Large Eddy Simulations and aeroacoustic spectra for three configurations of increasing flow complexity: an isolated NACA0012 airfoil, an isolated rotating vertical axis wind turbine composed of three rotating airfoils and a farm of four vertical axis turbines (with identical characteristics as the isolated turbine), which are located in close proximity. The aeroacoustic signatures of the simulated airfoil and the isolated turbine are validated using published numerical and experimental data. We provide theoretical estimates to predict tonal frequencies, which are used to identify th
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