Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Nucleus and periphery of a field”

This article is devoted to the application of the field approach to the organization of the onomasticon of the military community. A modern linguistic personality communicates using varied vocabulary, a special place being occupied by proper names as one of the most important means of reflecting national culture. A highly effective approach to distinguishing and identifying systemic relations in the rich onomastic vocabulary as well as determining their structural, semantic, and functional properties is the field approach. In the traditional understanding of the onomastic field of the Russian language, the nucleus is made up of anthroponyms (personal names, patronymics, surnames, nicknames and pseudonyms), the near-nuclear zone, of anthropocentric proper names (theonyms, mythonyms, zoonyms and ethnonyms), while the peripheral zone, of proper names exhibiting features of the appellative-onymic boundary; at the same time, toponyms and cosmonyms are dispersed both in the nucleus and on the periphery, depending on the size of the object and whether it is well known or not. With regard to the closed military community, the field approach, together with the author’s anthropocentric criterion, allowed us to obtain a different distribution of proper names used by Russian servicemеn in communication. The centre of the nucleus is comprised of official anthroponyms of the full name (first of all, the surname), which are individualized, unmotivated, systemic and stable. In the peripheral zone of the nucleus are call signs and nicknames that precisely fulfil the nominative and distinguishing function; they are motivated, relatively systemic and changeable. On the periphery of the field, we find military ergonyms, chrematonyms, toponyms and chrononyms. Ergonyms and chrematonyms have weak individualizing properties, are motivated, systemic, stable and gravitate more towards the nucleus due to their frequent use by the linguistic personality. Military toponyms and chrononyms belong to the immediate periphery of the onomastic field, but are not equidistant from the nucleus: they are motivated and weakly individualize what is being named. However, chrononyms are more systematized and more stable in time. The study sheds some light on both the features of the onomasticon of military discourse and on many general issues of the theory of proper names.

Object Peripheral nerve field stimulation has been successfully used for many neuropathic syndromes. However, it has been reported as a treatment for trigeminal neuropathic pain or persistent idiopathic facial pain only in the recent years. Methods The authors present a review of the literature and their own series of 6 patients who were treated with peripheral nerve stimulation for facial neuropathic pain, reporting excellent pain relief and subsequent better social relations and quality of life. Results On average, pain scores in these patients decreased from 10 to 2.7 on the visual analog scale during a 17-month follow-up (range 0–32 months). The authors also observed the ability to decrease trigeminal pain with occipital nerve stimulation, clinically confirming the previously reported existence of a close anatomical connection between the trigeminal and occipital nerves (trigeminocervical nucleus). Conclusions Peripheral nerve field stimulation of the trigeminal and occipital nerves is a safe and effective treatment for trigeminal neuropathic pain and persistent idiopathic facial pain, when patients are strictly selected and electrodes are correctly placed under the hyperalgesia strip at the periphery of the allodynia region.

The activity of 132 neurons in the caudal part of the ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPLc) of the thalamus was recorded from 23 anesthetized monkeys. All single thalamic units that could be excited by electrical search stimuli applied to the contralateral sciatic nerve were investigated. Responses of these cells to mechanical, thermal, and electrical stimuli applied in the periphery indicated that at least half of the sampled cells were nociceptive. Based on responses to graded mechanical stimuli applied to the periphery, 110 of the sampled cells that received a predominant input from cutaneous receptive fields were classified. There were 56 low-threshold, 39 wide dynamic range, and 15 high-threshold cells. The same neurons were also classified into five mechanical types based on a cluster analysis: types 1-5 contained 25, 34, 17, 10, and 24 cells, respectively. The fact that about half the population of cells belonged to either the wide dynamic or the high threshold group (or mechanical types 3-5) suggested that a large population of VPLc neurons respond to mechanical nociceptive stimuli either exclusively or preferentially. Responses of 63 thalamic neurons were tested to noxious heat pulses applied to their cutaneous receptive fields with a contact thermostimulator. Of these, 47 cells were excited, whereas only 16 cells did not respond. The peripheral nerve that innervated the receptive field of each of 82 thalamic neurons was stimulated with graded strengths to activate A fibers only or both A and C fibers. All tested cells responded to peripheral A fiber volleys. In addition, 42 of these cells responded to peripheral C fiber volleys. The C fiber responses could be either short lasting (a few hundreds of milliseconds) or long lasting (up to several seconds). The recording sites of 80 cells were reconstructed. Of these, 78 were in the VPLc nucleus and the remaining two were in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. No obvious relationship between the response characteristics and the locations of the cells within the VPLc nucleus was found. Sampled thalamic units had a variety of sources of input from the periphery, including both cutaneous and/or deep tissue receptive fields. The majority of the cells, however, had exclusively cutaneous receptive fields. The sizes of the cutaneous receptive fields were often very small, so that nearly half (41%) of the receptive fields of cells sampled occupied an area of skin smaller than half the foot.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

The article focuses on linguopragmatic potential of affixal derivatives in the semantic field of the novel “The Marquis of Roccaverdina” by L. Capuana, one of the most prominent representatives of Italian verism. The semantic field of the verism novel “The Marquis of Roccaverdina” is based on polarized reference groups (associated with positive and negative characters) that implement the opposition “feudal lords – poor population”. The reference group has a field structure and includes the subject (character) as a representative of a social stratum, his place of residence, surrounding objects, landscape. The nucleus of the reference group is a subject (character) belonging to a higher vs. lower social stratum, the pre-nuclear zone – the place of residence, surrounding objects, landscape, the near periphery – the characteristics of the place of residence, surrounding objects, landscape. The nucleus of the reference group determines the spreading of the semantic space in a certain direction depending on the evaluation of the character and sets the direction of the typification of the conditions of meaning creation. The field structure is based on the degree of determinism, which decreases in the direction from the nucleus to the periphery. When characterizing negative characters (belonging to the class of feudal lords), affixal derivatives with augmentative suffixes, pejorative suffixes, negative prefixes are used in the pre-nuclear zone, and on the near periphery – descriptors indicating the size of cultural artifacts and household items, which correlates with the greatness of the marquis and his family. Descriptors often function as epithets. To describe the landscape and natural phenomena surrounding negative characters, the author often uses the stylistic device of personification, and natural phenomena are correlated with their character traits and mental state. In the microcontext, lexical units of negative evaluation are used. In the speech of negative characters, deictics with the function of referent substitution are used, which reinforce the meaning of affixal derivatives with a negative prefix or pejorative suffixes. When characterizing positive characters (belonging to a lower class) affixal derivatives with diminutive suffixes are used in the pre-nuclear zone, descriptors indicating the small size of artifacts and household items are used in the near periphery; in themicro context, lexical units are used to denote impersonality. To describe the landscape and natural phenomena surrounding positive characters, the author often uses the stylistic device of personification, while natural phenomena are perceived as threatening and correlated with their state of depression and helplessness. The polarization of reference groups implementing the opposition "feudal lords – poor stratum of the population" is manifested in the semantic relation of contradiction, which include affixal derivatives and their descriptors. The semantic relations of contradiction are revealed in the stylistic device of antithesis used not only at the level of single phrase, but also at the transphrastic and textonomic level. The identification of the linguopragmatic potential of affixal derivatives is possible due to imposition of semantic connections in the semantic space of the novel. The author's choice of affixal derivatives is pragmatically conditioned.

Abstract Understanding how the packaging of chromatin in the nucleus is regulated and organized to guide complex cellular and developmental programmes, as well as responses to environmental cues is a major question in biology. Technological advances have allowed remarkable progress within this field over the last years. However, we still know very little about how the 3D genome organization within the cell nucleus contributes to the regulation of gene expression. The nuclear space is compartmentalized in several domains such as the nucleolus, chromocentres, telomeres, protein bodies, and the nuclear periphery without the presence of a membrane around these domains. The role of these domains and their possible impact on nuclear activities is currently under intense investigation. In this review, we discuss new data from research in plants that clarify functional links between the organization of different nuclear domains and plant genome function with an emphasis on the potential of this organization for gene regulation.

The halo factor is one of the experimental data which describes a distribution of neutrons in the nuclear periphery. In the presented paper we use Skyrme-Hartree (SH) and the Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) models to calculate the neutron excess factor ΔB which differs slightly from the halo factor f exp . The results of the calculations are compared to the measured data.

We estimated the spectrotemporal receptive fields of neurons in the songbird auditory thalamus, nucleus ovoidalis, and compared the neural representation of complex sounds in the auditory thalamus to those found in the upstream auditory midbrain nucleus, mesencephalicus lateralis dorsalis (MLd), and the downstream auditory pallial region, field L. Our data refute the idea that the primary sensory thalamus acts as a simple, relay nucleus: we find that the auditory thalamic receptive fields obtained in response to song are more complex than the ones found in the midbrain. Moreover, we find that linear tuning diversity and complexity in ovoidalis (Ov) are closer to those found in field L than in MLd. We also find prevalent tuning to intermediate spectral and temporal modulations, a feature that is unique to Ov. Thus even a feed-forward model of the sensory processing chain, where neural responses in the sensory thalamus reveals intermediate response properties between those in the sensory periphery and those in the primary sensory cortex, is inadequate in describing the tuning found in Ov. Based on these results, we believe that the auditory thalamic circuitry plays an important role in generating novel complex representations for specific features found in natural sounds.

Within the past two years, actin has been implicated in eukaryotic gene transcription by all three classes of RNA polymerase. Moreover, within just the past year, actin has been identified as a constituent of filaments attached to the nuclear pore complexes and extending into the nucleus. This review summarizes these and other very recent advances in the nuclear actin field and emphasizes the key present issues. On the one hand, we are confronted with a body of evidence for a role of actin in gene transcription but with no known structural basis; on the other hand, there is now evidence for polymeric actin—not likely in the classical F-actin conformation—in the nuclear periphery with no known function. In addition, numerous proteins that interact with either G- or F-actin are increasingly being detected in the nucleus, suggesting that both monomeric and oligomeric or polymeric forms of actin are at play and raising the possibility that the equilibrium between them, perhaps differentially regulated at various intranuclear sites, may be a major determinant of nuclear function.

Rapid, nongenomic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) in endothelial cells are postulated to arise from membrane-associated estrogen receptors (ERs), which have not been visualized in vascular tissue. To identify membrane ERs, we used multiple site-directed ERα or ERβ antibodies to label en face rat cerebral and coronary arterial endothelia. Western blots revealed a novel 55-kDa ERα isoform. Three-dimensional images of cells labeled with these antibodies and markers for the nucleus and caveolin-1 were acquired with a wide-field microscope, deconvolved, and numerically analyzed. We found ERα in the nucleus and cell periphery, where one-third colocalized with caveolin-1. The receptor location was dependent on the epitope of the antibody. Human ovarian surface epithelium produced similar results; but in rat myometrium, the distribution was epitope independent and nuclear. ERβ distribution was predominately intranuclear and epitope independent. A small amount of ERα colocalized with ERβ within the nucleus. The results were identical in both arterial preparations and insensitive to E2. We postulate that the different ERα conformations at the membrane, in the nucleus, and between different cell types allow E2 to trigger cell- and location-specific signaling cascades.

In this paper we discuss the diffusionist implications derived from centre-periphery relationships and the establishment of dependency links between western valley and circunpuna societies within the nuclear zone of the central and southern highlands during the Early and Middle Formative periods in northern Chile (1500 BC up to AD 400). By analyzing two complex settlements, Tulán-54 (located 3000 meters above sea level) and Caserones-1 (900 meters above sea level), we have observed that there has been an over-interpretation of foreign contributions in explaining the rise of sedentism that is associated with Formative Period developments. The identification of Archaic and Formative period components at the Tarapacá and Tulán loci supports an autochthonous development, which suggests the rise of local complex societies with early multidirectional links within a framework of highly diversified Formative responses in the Central-South Andean area.<br>En el presente trabajo se discuten las implicancias difusionistas derivadas del enfoque de las relaciones centro-periferia y la tendencia a establecer vínculos de dependencia entre las sociedades de las subáreas de los Valles Occidentales y la Circunpuna respecto de las tierras altas nucleares durante los periodos Formativo Temprano y Medio del norte de Chile (1500 a.C. a 400 d.C.). Mediante el análisis de dos asentamientos complejos, Tulán-54 (3000 metros sobre el nivel del mar) y Caserones-1 (900 metros sobre el nivel del mar), se advierte que ha existido una sobrevaloración de los aportes alóctonos para explicar el surgimiento del sedentarismo asociado a prácticas formativas. La identificación de componentes arcaico-formativos transicionales sustenta la tesis autoctonista, que valoriza, más bien, el surgimiento de tempranas sociedades complejas regionales que establecieron relaciones de interacción paritaria y multidireccional en el área centro-sur andina.

In this Thesis we present a description of α cluster nuclei, in particular focusing on the case of 9 Be, with αn and αα interactions derived from Cluster Effective Field Theory (EFT). The two-body potentials are regularized by a Gaussian cutoff which cures the short-distance dependence of the interaction and the potential parameters are found comparing the effective range expansion (ERE) with the calculated T-matrix. The calculation of the ground-state energies is carried out by diagonalizing the Hamiltonian on a Non symmetryzed Hyperspherical Harmonics basis in momentum space. Using only two body interactions a rather strong cutoff dependence appears. However, we are able to reproduce the experimental ground-state energies for selected cutoff values for most of the studied nuclei. The strong cutoff dependence indicates the lack of three-body forces, therefore we extend our Cluster EFT approach by including such many-body forces. Finally, the 9Be photoabsorption cross-section is studied via the Lorentz integral transform method (LIT), focusing on the low-energy resonances coming from the electric dipole transitions. By fine tuning the parameters of the three-body force, we are able to reproduce, up to 4 MeV, the considered experimental resonances. For the description of the spectrum at higher energies the inclusion of the αα D-wave potential seems to be necessary.

One way in which peripheral vision may acquire the functional role of the fovea, a part of the retina preferentially used for complex visual tasks (such as reading and face recognition) is by modulating the strength of intracortical connections in the humans’ visual areas with perceptual learning. Perceptual learning is a practice-dependent improvement in a visual task performance that can persist for several months, and is specific for stimulus, task, eye presentation and retinal locus of stimulation. These specificity effects have been explained on the basis of neural plasticity, consisting in long-term modifications of a number of mechanisms in the early visual cortices, that are selective for basic stimulus attributes (Karni & Sagi, 1991, 1993; Ahissar & Hochstein, 1993, 1996; Casco & Campana, 2001). Perceptual learning experiments with stimuli involving lateral masking (Polat & Sagi, 1994b, 1995; Polat, Ma-Naim, Belkin & Sagi, 2004) have suggested that practice is able to modulate short- and long-range lateral interactions between neurons responding to collinear elements. These studies showed that contrast thresholds for a target are modulated by the presence collinear flankers, and the type of modulation depends on the distance between the central target and the flankers: inhibitory for short target-to-flankers distance, and facilitatory for longer distances. With the training the suppression from the short target-flanker separation can be reduced and facilitation at relatively long target-flanker separation increases. These studies suggest that practice on lateral interactions increases the efficacy of the collinear interactions between neighbouring neurons, an effect that enhances connectivity with remote neurons via a cascade of local interactions. Most importantly, perceptual learning on lateral interactions has been showed to be useful for improving contrast sensitivity in people with normal low vision (Tan & Fong, 2008; Polat, 2009) or with impaired lateral interactions such as amblyopia (Polat et al., 2004). Notably, these studies showed that, differently from previous perceptual learning experiments where non transfer of learning to different stimulus attributes was observed, the effect of training on lateral interactions transferred to higher level visual tasks, like visual acuity (VA) (Tan & Fong, 2008) producing a long-lasting perceptual benefit in everyday visual tasks. However, in all these studies stimuli were presented in the fovea. This thesis aimed at investigating the possibility that the effect of training also improves lateral interaction in retinal regions eccentric with respect to the fovea. Lateral interactions strongly depend on eccentricity: in the periphery they are mostly inhibitory (Petrov, Carandini & McKee, 2005; Cavanaugh et al., 2002). These evidence leads to the hypothesis that peripheral vision may acquire some of the functional role of the fovea only if inhibition is reduced. Shani & Sagi (2005) showed that collinear facilitation in the near-periphery is weak and that perceptual learning seems not to be effective in modulating lateral interactions. However, in their study the training was very short, and only one target-to-flanker distance was tested. If lateral interactions could be modulated in the near periphery, and transfer to visual tasks such as VA and crowding was possible, this could be extremely important for rehabilitation of individuals with loss of central vision, such as in macular degeneration. These type of patients, after the loss of central vision, are forced to use the periphery of the visual field for the most demanding visual tasks like face recognition and reading. In Experiment 1, we were interested in verifying whether inhibitory lateral interactions in the near-periphery (4 degrees of eccentricity) may be reduced by training and if training transfers to other visual functions. Eight subjects were trained with different spatial frequencies (1, 2, 4, and 8 cycles per degree - cpd) and different target-to-flankers separations (2, 3, 4, and 8). Before the practice sessions subjects performed a series of pre-tests aimed at measuring their peripheral contrast sensitivity function (CSF), peripheral visual acuity (VA) and crowding effect. Consistently with previous studies (Petrov et al., 2005; Cavanagh et al., 2002), results of the Experiment 1 showed that, in the near periphery, lateral interactions are inhibitory even at target-to-flanker distances (4) where facilitatory interactions are found in central vision. Facilitation was reported for a target-to-flankers distance of 8, consistently with the most recent investigation on peripheral lateral interactions (Lev & Polat, 2011). Most importantly, Experiment 1 showed that lateral interactions in parafoveal vision can be modulated by training, reducing the inhibition, and that perceptual learning transfers to other visual abilities, leading to a reduction of crowding. Since learning specificity is viewed as the main indicator of the level of processing at which learning takes place, and since learning of lateral interaction has been shown to transfer to different visual functions, in Experiment 2 we tested the specificity of learning to basic stimulus features such as target-flankers local and global orientation and retinal position. We trained 4 new subjects in contrast detection of a collinearly flanked vertical target, and found a significant learning effect for the trained configuration but no transfer of learning to either the same stimulus presented in a symmetrical retinal location, nor to a 45 deg oriented collinear target-flankers configuration, presented in the same retinal position as the learning stimulus. The finding that these transfer stimuli are immune to perceptual learning of vertical orientations strongly suggests that the modulation of lateral interactions through perceptual learning is functionally specific, and that transfer to different visual functions can only occur when these are based on the specific early mechanism that is learned. In Experiment 3, we aimed at exploiting the effects of the perceptual learning of lateral interactions for improving peripheral vision in patients affected by macular degeneration. Training consisted in a contrast detection of a Gabor target with collinear high contrast Gabor flankers, at different target-to-flankers separations, located in their preferential retinal locus (PRL, the new fixation point that spontaneously emeges in this type of patients) and in a symmetrical location. The rationale behind the measuring or lateral interactions and the training in the PRL and in another retinal location was to point out possible differences in intracortical connectivity for this new fixation point respect to other retinal spots. Consistently with other studies (Dilks, Baker, Peli and Kanwisher, 2009), we did not find major differences in terms of lateral interactions and perceptual learning effects between PRL and the symmetrical locus. Training increased contrast sensitivity, and, despite not having any effect on crowding, improved visual acuity in the maculopathy subjects. The absence of crowding reduction could be due to a “roof effect”, since this type of patients naturally train their peripheral view, probably reaching their maximal performance even before the training.. Nevertheless, the improvement of visual acuity opens new perspectives for the rehabilitation of patients with macular degeneration, but also for improving peripheral vision in normal-sighted subjects, since recent studies showed the important role of the periphery of the visual field in tasks such as postural stability, locomotion and driving. In Experiment 4, we investigated the architecture of peripheral lateral interactions in a maculopathy patients, finding collinear facilitation at shorter target-to-flankers separation respect to normal-sighted subjects. Interestingly, collinear facilitation was reported for target presentation in the PRL but not in the No-PRL, where collinear interactions were only inhibitory. Moreover, perceptual learning training appeared to be effective in modulating lateral interactions only in the PRL, questioning the hypothesis of a “use-dependent” cortical reorganization, supported, among the others, by Dilks et al. (2009).<br>Un modo in cui la visione periferica può acquisire il ruolo funzionale della fovea, la parte della retina preferenzialmente utilizzata per compiti visivi complessi (come la lettura e il riconoscimento dei volti) è tramite la modulazione della forza delle connessioni intracorticali presenti nelle aree visive umane tramite apprendimento percettivo. L’apprendimento percettivo è un miglioramento della prestazione n un compito visivo in seguito alla pratica, può mantenersi per diversi mesi ed è specifico per lo stimolo, il computo e l’occhio utilizzato nel training e per il locus retinico in cui è avvenuta la stimolazione. Questi effetti di specificità sono stati spiegati sulla base della plasticità neurale, che consiste in una modifica a lungo termine di alcuni meccanismi presenti nelle prime aree visive corticali, selettive per caratteristiche basilari dello stimolo (Karni & Sagi, 1991, 1993; Ahissar & Hochstein, 1993, 1996; Casco & Campana, 2001). Esperimenti di apprendimento percettivo con stimoli di mascheramento laterale (Polat & Sagi, 1994b, 1995; Polat, Ma-Naim, Belkin & Sagi, 2004) hanno dimostrato che la pratica può modulare interazioni laterali a breve e lungo raggio tra neuroni che rispondono ad elementi collineari. Questi studi mostrano che le soglie di contrasto per un target centrale sono modulate dalla presenza di elementi vicini, orientati col linearmente, e che il tipo di modulazione dipende dalla distanza tra il target centrale e gli elementi vicini (flankers): inibitoria per brevi distanze tra target e flankers, facilitatoria per distanze maggiori. Con la pratica, l’inibizione per le brevi distanze target-flankers può essere ridotta e la facilitazione a maggiori distanze aumenta. Questi studi suggeriscono che la pratica sulle interazioni laterale può aumentare l’efficacia delle interazioni collineari tra neuroni vicini, un effetto che aumenta la connettività con neuroni più lontani in seguito ad una cascata di interazioni locali. Inoltre, è stato dimostrato che l’applicazione dell’apprendimento percettivo sulle interazioni laterali produce risultati effettivi nel miglioramento della sensibilità al contrasto in individui con miopia (Tan & Fong, 2008; Polat, 2009) o con interazioni laterali abnormali, come nel caso dell’ambliopia (Polat et al., 2004). Questi studi dimostrano che, a differenza dai precedenti esperimenti sull’apprendimento percettivo che non riportavano il trasferimento del miglioramento ad altri compiti, l’effetto della pratica sulle interazioni laterali si trasferisce ad abilità visive di più alto livello, come l’acuità visiva (Tan & Fong, 2008), dando luogo a benefici percettivi a lungo termine nella quotidianità di questi soggetti. Tuttavia, negli studi finora condotti, gli stimoli venivano presentati in fovea. In questa tesi, l’obiettivo è stato quello di studiare la possibilità che gli effetti del training possano migliorare le interazioni laterali in regioni retiniche periferiche rispetto alla fovea. Le interazioni laterali dipendono fortemente dall’eccentricità: nella periferia del campo visivo sono principalmente inibitorie (Petrov, Carandini & McKee, 2005; Cavanaugh et al., 2002). Questa evidenza porta ad ipotizzare che la visione periferica possa acquisire il ruolo funzionale della fovea solo se l’inibizione viene ridotta. Shani & Sagi (2005) hanno dimostrato che la facilitazione collineare nella periferia del campo visivo è debole e che l’apprendimento percettivo non sembra efficace nel modulare le interazioni laterali. Tuttavia, nel loro studio il periodo di pratica era molto breve, in più le distanze target-flankers testate erano ridotte. Se le interazioni laterali possono essere modulate nella periferia del campo visivo, e trasferire il miglioramento ad abilità visive come l’acuità visiva o il crowding (affollamento visivo), questo risultato sarebbe estremamente importante per la riabilitazione di individui con perdita della visione centrale, come nel caso della maculopatia. Questo tipo di pazienti, dopo la perdita della visione centrale, sono obbligati ad usare la periferia del campo visivo per i compiti visivi più complessi, come la lettura ed il riconoscimento dei volti. Nell’Esperimento 1, l’obiettivo era verificare se le interazioni laterali inibitorie nella periferia del campo visivo (4 gradi di eccentricità) potevano essere ridotte dall’apprendimento e se l’eventualmente miglioramento si trasferiva ad altre funzioni visive. I soggetti sono stati allenati con diverse frequenze spaziali (1, 2, 4, and 8 cicli per grado) e diverse distanze target-flankers (2, 3, 4 e 8). Prima delle sessioni di pratica, ai soggetti venivano misurate le prestazioni di base in una serie di compiti visivi, come la sensibilità al contrasto periferica (CSF), l’acuità visiva periferica (VA) e l’effetto di crowding (affollamento visivo).Coerentemente con studi precedenti (Petrov et al., 2005; Cavanagh et al., 2002), i risultati dell’Esperimento 1mostrano che, nella periferia del campo visivo, le interazioni laterali sono inibitorie anche a distanze target-flankers che producono facilitazione in visione centrale (4). La distanza alla quale è stata trovata la facilitazione in periferia (8), è coerente coi più recenti studi sulle interazioni laterali nella periferia del campo visivo (Lev & Polat, 2011). Soprattutto, l’Esperimento 1 mostra che le interazioni laterali in parafovea possono essere modulate dalla pratica, riducendo l’inibizione, e che l’apprendimento percettivo trasferisce il miglioramento ad altre abilità visive, portando alla riduzione del fenomeno di affollamento visivo (crowding). Dato che la specificità dell’apprendimento è considerata l’indicatore principale del livello di processamento dell’informazione in entrata a cui l’apprendimento si verifica, nell’Esperimento 2 abbiamo testato la specificità dell’apprendimento per caratteristiche base dello stimolo come l’orientamento locale e globale degli elementi utilizzati durante il training e la loro posizione spaziale. Un nuovo gruppo di soggetti è stato allenato in un compito di detezione del contrasto per uno stimolo centrale affiancato da elementi collineari, mostrano un effetto di apprendimento significativo per la configurazione allenata, ma non riportando alcun trasferimento per lo stesso stimolo presentato in una posizione retinica simmetrica, né per configurazioni con orientamento locale (tra gli elementi) o globale differente. L’evidenza che questi stimoli sono immuni all’apprendimento percettivo suggerisce in maniera decisa che la modulazione delle interazioni laterali tramite apprendimento percettivo sia specifica per la funzione, e che il trasferimento a diverse funzioni visive può avere luogo solo quando queste sono basate su specifici meccanismi precoci. Nell’Esperimento 3, abbiamo testato la possibilità di utilizzare gli effetti dell’apprendimento percettivo delle interazioni laterali per migliorare la vision periferica in pazienti affetti da degenerazione maculare. Il training consisteva in un compito di detezione del contrasto per uno stimolo centrale affiancato da elementi collineari, collocati a diverse distanze target-flankers, presentati nel locus retinico preferenziale (PRL, il nuovo punto di fissazione che spontaneamente questi pazienti sviluppano) ed in una posizione simmetrica. L’idea alla base della misurazione delle interazioni laterali e dell’apprendimento nel PRL ed in un’altra posizione retinica era di verificare se vi siano differenze nella connettività intracorticale tra il nuovo punto di fissazione periferico ed un altro locus retinico. Coerentemente con altri studi ((Dilks, Baker, Peli and Kanwisher, 2009), non abbiamo riscontrato evidenti differenze in termini di interazioni laterali ed effetti di apprendimento percettivo tra PRL e il locus retinico simmetrico.Il training ha migliorato la sensibilità al contrasto e, pur non avendo avuto effetto sul crowding, ha migliorato l’acuità visiva nei soggetti maculopatici. L’assenza di riduzione del crowding può essere dovuta ad un “effetto tetto”, dato che questo tipo di pazienti allenano “naturalmente”, nella quotidianità, la loro visione periferica, e probabilmente hanno raggiunto la massima prestazione possibile nella visione periferica prima di iniziare il training. Nondimeno, il miglioramento nell’acuità visiva apre nuove prospettive per la riabilitazione di pazienti con maculopatia, ma anche per migliorare la visione periferica in soggetti normovedenti, dato che studi recenti hanno mostrato l’importante ruolo della periferia del campo visivo in attività come la stabilità posturale, la locomozione e la guida. Nell’Esperimento 4, abbiamo studiato l’architettura delle interazioni laterali periferiche in un soggetto maculopatico, trovando facilitazione collineare a distanze target-flankers minori rispetto ai soggetti normovedenti. Il dato interessante è che la facilitazione collineare emerge solo per la presentazione del target nel PRL, mentre nel PRL le interazioni collineari sono solo inibitorie. Inoltre, l’apprendimento percettivo sembra efficace nel modulare le interazioni laterali solo nel PRL, mettendo in discussione l’ipotesi “uso-dipendente” per la riorganizzazione corticale, supportata, tra gli altri, da Dilks et al. (2009).

La maladie d’Alzheimer touche plus de 40 millions de personnes dans le monde et résulte de l’agrégation du peptide beta-amyloïde de 40/42 résidus. En dépit de nombreuses études expérimentales et théoriques, le mécanisme de formation des fibres et des plaques n’est pas élucidé, et les structures des espèces les plus toxiques restent à déterminer. Dans cette thèse, je me suis intéressée à deux aspects. (1) La détermination du noyau de nucléation (N*) de deux fragments (Aβ)16-22 et (Aβ)37-42. Mon approche consiste à déterminer les paramètres OPEP du dimère (Aβ)16-22 en comparant des simulations Monte Carlo sur réseau et des dynamiques moléculaires atomiques par échange de répliques. Les paramètres fonctionnant aussi sur le trimère (Aβ)16-22 et les dimères et trimères (Aβ)37-42, j’ai étudié la surface d’énergie libre des décamères et mes simulations montrent que N* est de 10 chaines pour (Aβ)16-22 et est supérieure à 20 chaines pour (Aβ)37-42. (2) J’ai ensuite étudié les structures du dimère (Aβ)1-40 par simulations de dynamique moléculaire atomistique par échanges de répliques. Cette étude, qui fournit les conformations d’équilibre du dimère Aβ1-40 en solution aqueuse, ouvre des perspectives pour une compréhension de l’impact des mutations pathogènes et protectrices au niveau moléculaire<br>The neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease (AD) is affecting more than 40 million people worldwide and is linked to the aggregation of the amyloid-β proteins of 40/42 amino acids. Despite many experimental and theoretical studies, the mechanism by which amyloid fibrils form and the 3D structures of the early toxic species in aqueous solution remain to be determined. In this thesis, I studied the structures of the eraly formed oligomers of the amyloid-β peptide and the critical nucleus size of two amyloid-β peptide fragments using either coarse-grained or all-atom simulations. First, at the coarse-grained level, I developed a lattice model for amyloid protein, which allows us to study the nucleus sizes of two experimentally well-characterized peptide fragments (Aβ)16-22 and (Aβ)37-42 of the Alzheimer's peptide (Aβ)1-42. After presenting a comprehensive OPEP force-field parameterization using an on-lattice protein model with Monte Carlo simulations and atomistic simulations, I determined the nucleus sizes of the two fragments. My results show that the nucleation number is 10 chains for (Aβ)16-22 and larger than 20 chains for (Aβ)37-42. This knowledge is important to help design more effective drugs against AD. Second, I investigated the structures of the dimer (Aβ)1-40 using extensive atomistic REMD simulations. This study provides insights into the equilibrium structure of the (Aβ)1-40 dimer in aqueous solution, opening a new avenue for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of pathogenic and protective mutations in early-stage Alzheimer’s disease on a molecular level

La stimolazione cerebrale profonda (DBS) è una tecnica utilizzata in clinica per trattare alcune patologie come la malattia di Parkinson (PD) tramite un rilascio locale di corrente alternata ad alta frequenza (> 100 Hz), grazie all’utilizzo di elettrodi impiantati nei gangli della base durante una procedura di chirurgia stereotassica. Negli ultimi anni indagini neurofisiologiche svolte con la DBS hanno inoltre consentito la scoperta di potenziali marcatori neurali caratteristici del PD e il loro utilizzo per una stimolazione definita adattativa (aDBS) in cui l’ampiezza dello stimolo in tensione viene controllato dallo stato attuale del paziente. Una versione di aDBS è stata sviluppata da Newronika s.r.l. che è riuscita a implementare un algoritmo closed-loop basato sulla potenza delle oscillazioni beta come variabile di controllo del voltaggio della DBS. Numerosi studi con la aDBS sono stati effettuati prima su pazienti con PD a riposo e poi durante alcuni task di vita quotidiana come il cammino. Durante questi test è emerso che la aDBS non riusciva a performare bene durante l’attività di cammino per la presenza di artefatti a bassa frequenza (1-8 Hz) sul segnale LFP causati principalmente dal contatto del tallone sul terreno all’inizio della fase di stance del passo. Lo scopo di questa tesi è stato quello di proporre un algoritmo innovativo basato sulla Empirical Mode Decomposition per la rimozione di tale artefatto senza inficiare la performance della aDBS. L’algoritmo basato sulla EMD è stato capace di eliminare il rumore in maniera efficace, rimuovendo potenza spettrale non utile nella banda dell’artefatto e mantenendo intatto il contenuto in beta (fondamentale per la riuscita della aDBS). Inoltre, in questo lavoro è stata proposta un’implementazione real-time dell’algoritmo di pulizia del segnale nello stesso microcontrollore (MSP430FR5969) usato nel dispositivo AlphaDBS V-Imp di Newronika con la prospettiva di poter esser integrato in quest’ultimo in futuro.

Microscopy image processing is an emerging and quickly growing field in medical imaging research area. Recent advancements in technology including higher computation power, larger and cheaper storage modules, and more efficient and faster data acquisition devices such as whole-slide imaging scanners contributed to the recent microscopy image processing research advancement. Most of the methods in this research area either focus on automatically process images and make it easier for pathologists to direct their focus on the important regions in the image, or they aim to automate the whole job of experts including processing and classifying images or tissues that leads to disease diagnosis. This dissertation is consisted of four different frameworks to process microscopy images. All of them include methods for segmentation either as the whole suggested framework or the initial part of the framework for future feature extraction and classification. Specifically, the first proposed framework is a general segmentation method that works on histology images from different tissues and segments relatively solid nuclei in the image, and the next three frameworks work on cervical microscopy images, segmenting cervical nuclei/cells. Two of these frameworks focus on cervical tissue segmentation and classification using histology images and the last framework is a comprehensive segmentation framework that segments overlapping cervical cells in cervical cytology Pap smear images. One of the several commonalities among these frameworks is that they all work at the region level and use different region features to segment regions and later either expand, split or refine the segmented regions to produce the final segmentation output. Moreover, all proposed frameworks work relatively much faster than other methods on the same datasets. Finally, proving ground truth for datasets to be used in the training phase of microscopy image processing algorithms is relatively time-consuming, complicated and costly. Therefore, I designed the frameworks in such a way that they set most (if not all) of the parameters adaptively based on each image that is being processed at the time. All of the included frameworks either do not depend on training datasets at all (first three of the four discussed frameworks) or need very small training datasets to learn or set a few parameters.

This book traces the construction of migrant space in Israel’s urban periphery with a focus on the flat that Filipino care workers co-rent for their day-off and provides insight into the migrant lives and journeys in trans-local contexts. The author selects the flat not only as the central field site for fieldwork but also as an analytical lens for grasping the various social networks and the formation of new identities. Offering a repertoire of migrants’ own narratives, she shows how the flat, as a microcosm of societal constellations of networks, provides opportunities for all sorts of new experiences. The groundbreaking ethnography contributes to migration scholarship by opening up avenues of analysis for space, community, and boundary-making in displacement and provides comprehensive insight into the dynamics of transnational labor migration. This provocative volume will be of key interest to scholars and students of migration studies, urban studies, and more broadly to anthropology and gender studies.

This chapter deals with the prosodic and syntactic reflexes of information structure in Modern Greek. The relevant properties of this language are: (a) the word order is sensitive to information structure, such that topics and foci target positions in the left periphery and background information is right dislocated; (b) the intonational nucleus depends on the focus domain and is realized through pitch accents; and (b) definite complements must be doubled through co-referent clitic pronouns if they are not accented, which depends on information structure. This chapter introduces these phenomena and outlines their interaction for the expression of information structural notions.

In this chapter, some prospects in the field of electron and nuclear spin dynamics are outlined. Particular emphasis is put ona situation where the hyperfine interaction is so strong that it leads to a qualitative rearrangement of the energy spectrum resulting in the coherent excitation transfer between the electron and nucleus. The strong coupling between the spin of the charge carrier and of the nucleus is realized, for example in the case of deep impurity centers in semiconductors or in isotopically purified systems. We also discuss the effect of the nuclear spin polaron, that is ordered state, formation at low enough temperatures of nuclear spins, where the orientation of the carrier spin results in alignment of the spins of nucleus interacting with the electron or hole.

Here, some prospects for future studies in the field of electron and nuclear spin dynamics are outlined. In contrast to previous chapters where the electron interaction with multitude of nuclei was discussed, in Chapter 8 particular emphasis is put on a situation where hyperfine interaction is so strong that it leads to a qualitative rear rangement of the energy spectrum resulting in coherent excitation transfer between electron and nucleus. The strong coupling between the spin of the charge carrier and of the nucleus is realized; e.g., in the case of deep impurity centers in semiconductors or in isotopically purified systems. We also discuss the effect of the nuclear spin polaron; that is, the ordered state, where the carrier spin orientation results in alignment of spins of the nucleus interacting with the electron or hole. Such problems have been briefly discussed in the literature but, in our opinion, call for in-depth investigation.

This article discusses the first four decades of the history of random matrix theory (RMT), that is, until about 1990. It first considers Niels Bohr's formulation of the concept of the compound nucleus, which is at the root of the use of random matrices in physics, before analysing the development of the theory of spectral fluctuations. In particular, it examines the Wishart ensemble; Dyson's classification leading to the three canonical ensembles — Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE), Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE), and Gaussian Symplectic Ensemble (GSE); and the breaking of a symmetry or an invariance. It also describes how random matrix models emerged from quantum physics, more specifically from a statistical approach to the strongly interacting many-body system of the atomic nucleus. The article concludes with an overview of data on nuclear resonances, many-body theory, chaos, number theory, scattering theory, replica trick and supersymmetry, disordered solids, and interacting fermions and field theory.

Nuclear physics emerged as the dominant field in experimental and theoretical physics between 1919 and 1939, the two decades between the First and Second World Wars. Milestones were Ernest Rutherford’s discovery of artificial nuclear disintegration (1919), George Gamow’s and Ronald Gurney and Edward Condon’s simultaneous quantum-mechanical theory of alpha decay (1928), Harold Urey’s discovery of deuterium (the deuteron), James Chadwick’s discovery of the neutron, Carl Anderson’s discovery of the positron, John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton’s invention of their eponymous linear accelerator, and Ernest Lawrence’s invention of the cyclotron (1931–2), Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie’s discovery and confirmation of artificial radioactivity (1934), Enrico Fermi’s theory of beta decay based on Wolfgang Pauli’s neutrino hypothesis and Fermi’s discovery of the efficacy of slow neutrons in nuclear reactions (1934), Niels Bohr’s theory of the compound nucleus and Gregory Breit and Eugene Wigner’s theory of nucleus+neutron resonances (1936), and Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch’s interpretation of nuclear fission, based on Gamow’s liquid-drop model of the nucleus (1938), which Frisch confirmed experimentally (1939). These achievements reflected the idiosyncratic personalities of the physicists who made them; they were shaped by the physical and intellectual environments of the countries and institutions in which they worked; and they were buffeted by the profound social and political upheavals after the Great War: the punitive postwar treaties, the runaway inflation in Germany and Austria, the Great Depression, and the greatest intellectual migration in history, which encompassed some of the most gifted experimental and theoretical nuclear physicists in the world.

Abstract This chapter is based on a study of multilingual, intercultural, and interactional data in the religious domain (cf. Bock 2023), a field of research that has mostly been neglected by pragmatics and sociolinguistics and makes a case for the inclusion of religious contexts in linguistic analyses. The research site in this study is a rare phenomenon and thus itself peripheral to the German religious landscape: A joint and regular church service of a German church and an African migrant church. Focusing on the identity features of ethnicity, religion, and language and their relation to the concept of periphery/core, it analyses the joint church service in two regards: First, it takes a broader view of the service and its congregation and discusses whether and why those identity features might lead to the perception of a person’s or group’s (more) central or (more) peripheral social position. Second, it looks at interactional data from the service’s dialogic sermons and analyzes whether and how some of those features are used in the pastors’ identity work. The analyses show that the joint service tries to create a space for everyone to feel equally acknowledged and central to it by blending elements from both religious traditions. The service’s structural, content-related, and linguistic design entails a treatment of the possibly exclusionary identity features that facilitates intercultural exchange and the creation of a sense of community.

AbstractThe evolution of tourists’ motivations is generating new approaches to tourism. One of them is scientific tourism (ST), which involves travel experiences with a focus on participation in scientific studies of various disciplines. ST has evolved significantly over the last decade in ChileanPatagonia, driven by public policies and the interest of various academic and private actors. These actors argue that involving travelers in research initiatives taking place in Patagonian destinations allows them to develop lasting connections with the heritage and institutions of these territories. This chapter presents an innovative process, including stakeholder identification, semi-structured survey interviews, and document analysis, to develop a matrix of weighted criteria to assess the potential for sustainable ST development within a destination. The process involves weighing four criteria: scientific research possibilities, supply of services to support scientific travel, value chain coordination, and current demand for ST in the destination. Each of these criteria is operationalized through a set of indicators that make it possible to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for the sustainable development of scientific tourism services in the destination. Then, the method is field tested in the Aysén Region of Chilean Patagonia, affording the opportunity to further evaluate its assessment capacity.

AbstractRobot based remanufacturing of valuable products is commonly perceived as promising field in future in terms of an efficient and globally competitive economy. Additionally, it plays an important role with regard to resource-efficient manufacturing. The associated processes however, require a reliable non-destructive disassembly. For these disassembly processes, there is special robot periphery essential to enable the tasks physically. Unlike manufacturing, within remanufacturing there are End-of-Life (EoL) products utilized. The specifications and conditions are often uncertain and varying. Consequently the robot system and especially the periphery needs to adapt to the used product, based on an initial examination and classification of the part. State of the art approaches provide limited flexibility and adaptability to the disassembly of electric motors used in automotive industry. Especially the geometrical shape is a limiting factor for using state of the art periphery for remanufacturing. Within this contribution a new kind of flexible clamping device for the disassembly of EoL electrical motors is presented. The robot periphery is systematically developed regarding the requirements stemming from the remanufacturing approach. It consists of three clamping units with moveable pins. Utilizing two linear axes, a two dimensional working space is realized for clamping the parts depending on their conditions and shape.

Abstract Close distributed anode CP system are ideal for protection of existing bottom plates of Above ground storage tanks located near congested plant piping and grounding grid in the major Oil/gas producing company. Comparative studies are carried out with anodes distributed along the periphery to anodes grid beneath the tanks. CP Protection levels along the bottom surfaces with actual field measurement data’s are compared in this paper for both anode orientations.

To better understand the relationship between the near-field pressure and the acoustic far-field, multi-point measurements of the near-field pressure around the periphery of a cold Mach 0.85 round jet are compared to simultaneous multi-point far-field acoustic pressure measurements. The results indicate that the near-field pressure is low dimensional and the instantaneous contribution from both azimuthal mode 0 and 1 is sufficient to accurately recover the dynamics of the near-field pressure. Correlations of the acoustic far-field with the contribution of each azimuthal mode to the near field pressure, however, indicate that only azimuthal mode 0 is well correlated with the far-field pressure, suggesting that the acoustic source in the jet is predominantly axisymmetric. The correlation of the higher azimuthal pressure modes with the far-field acoustic pressure is extremely poor suggesting that the axisymmetric source is weakened by the presence of higher azimuthal modes in the near field of the jet.

In 2014, the Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant experienced a hole and a steam leak through the shell of the Unit 4, #3B Low Pressure (LP) Feedwater Heater (FWH) near the drains outlet nozzle. Although the location of the hole in the shell was below the centerline of the heater in the Drain Cooler (DC) Zone, a video probe inspection through the drains outlet nozzle revealed that the cause of the leak was actually a hole through the DC top plate, which then allowed the steam to penetrate into the DC zone and erode the shell. The shell was able to be repaired in 2014, however there was not enough time to try to fix the hole in the top plate at that time. During a planned refueling outage in 2017, an access window was cut into the shell and the DC boundary repaired using a custom fit plate to cover the hole and prevent further leakage of steam into the DC zone. The unusual configuration of the DC sealing plates in that area made the repair challenging, but overall the repair was successful and the FWH was able to be returned to service. Additionally, during the maintenance outage, two leaking tubes were discovered on the periphery of the bundle near one of the Steam Inlet Nozzles. In order to determine the source of the tube failure, a video probe inspection of the shell side of the heater was conducted. It was determined that Foreign Material (FM) was the cause of the failures. By removing the steam inlet piping elbow, the Foreign Material was able to be retrieved and removed from the heater.

Tambora gas field, discovered in 1974 is located in a swamp area at the apex of Mahakam Delta, and it is adjacent to Nilam field, which is operated by another operator. Geologically, the Tambora and Nilam Fields have the same anticline structure that originates from the sediment provenance west of Kalimantan as reflected in present day Mahakam Delta. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the challenges to unlock the potential of the west flank area of Tambora Fields. The geological synthesis of both Tambora and Nilam fields shows similar net sand and pay distribution in lateral and vertical proportions. Most developments in the Tambora Anticline area are in the crest and the distances between wells are ~100-200m. Challenges to unlock potential in flank areas are derived from the limitation of wells and seismic data. Based on data and knowledge of the flank areas in both fields, the west flank has better productivity compared to the east. Therefore, geological synthesis is conducted in the west flank area to define hydrocarbon and reservoir properties. Furthermore, channel models were made from 2D seismic scouring, controlled by the continuation of well log channel facies in the anticline crest area. Based on the preliminary approach, 3 wells were proposed to unlock west flank Tambora potential and were integrated into the plan of development. Primarily, dynamic uncertainty affects the potential of the west flank since production in the anticline crest area is enormous, and the uncertainty was analyzed by drilling one recent well. The result shows that hydrocarbon in the flank is not fully connected with the anticline crest area and has proven the sidebar heterogeneity concept. These gave more confidence to seek further positive results and develop west flank Tambora to sustain Mahakam production in the future.

The aim of the article. How state-of-the-art in the field of home building influenced onto capital constructing in defense industry, putting into exploitation and operation of the new military plants during the industrialization period is examined. Methodology. General principles of historism and objectivity are the theoretical-methodological base of this work. Author also uses special historical methods: logic, systematic, chronological, actualisation and periodizing. Results. This article is based on documents storing in the Russian State Archive and Russian State Economical Archive. Collections of historical documents related to the Soviet period of Russian history are also used. On the base of these documents it is shown that poor situation in the field of home building was the reason of persistent deficits of building and exploitation workers. Due to this fact it was impossible to apply the funds given by the Government for building some plants (especially at the periphery), building works were delayed and proper operation of already built ones was spoiled. These problems were not completely solved till the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. All this effected negatively to the Red Army combat readiness before and during the war, especially at the beginning period. Practical application. The field of results application. Practical significance of this work is as follows: the archive data, which are for the first time used for scientific investigation and also the conclusions formulated in this article can be used for further scientific research on the USSR military industry in the industrialization period and also for scientific research on the USSR period in general.

This Table is a compilation of experimental measurements of static electric quadrupole moments of ground states and excited states of atomic nuclei throughout the periodic table. To aid identification of the states, their excitation energy, half-life, spin and parity are given, along with a brief indication of the method and any reference standard used in the particular measurement. Experimental data from all quadrupole moment measurements actually provide a value of the product of the moment and the electric field gradient (EFG) acting at the nucleus. Knowledge of the EFG is thus necessary to extract the quadrupole moment. A single recommended value of the moment is given for each state, based, for each element, wherever possible, upon a standard reference moment for a nuclear state of that element studied in a situation in which the electric field gradient has been well calculated. For several elements one or more subsidiary reference EFG/moment references are required and their use is specified. The literature search covers the period to April 2021.

Using theoretical and empirical methods, this paper proves that the modern mediaenvironment is a complex configuration made by the material and the virtual components and is reflected in the language in various ways. Innovative lexis with the component media and its systematization has become the key to understanding the mediareality, in particular, detecting the constituent elements of the structure of the mediatized environment. In total, 455 lexemes chosen from the Ukrainian dictionaries, academic publications, and the results provided by Google search engine have been analyzed. The systematization of the lexical units have been done according to the principle of the lexical and semantic field, and as the result macro-, midi-, and mini-fields have been allocated with the subsequent ranging of the lexis into the core, the centre, and the periphery. Within the macro-field MEDIAENVIRONMENT, the midi-fields have been located – TECHNICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, and SOCIO-COMMUNICATIVE. The conceptual core of the macro-field MEDIAENVIRONMENT has been shown to form lexemes signifying space specified from the point of view of temporality, structuredness, contextuality, and evaluation. TECHNICAL midi-field is represented by the names of media equipment; TECHNOLOGICAL midi-field – by the names of methods, processes, and ways of using media equipment. The structural and semantic framework of the SOCIO-COMMUNICATIVE concentre is represented by mini-fields: WHO – FOR WHAT PURPOSE – WHAT – CHANNEL – TO WHOM – EFFECTS. The senders of information are shown as social institutions, groups, and individuals. The nominations of the addressee reflect the transformation of the passive information consumer to the user. The informational object has been specified according to its form, meaning, and the virtual «shell». The wide array of names for communication channels shows the link between the social field with the technical and technological ones, with their relative autonomy. The effects of consuming the information are verbalized by a smaller number of lexemes, largely of behavioral and evaluative nature. To sum up, the specified groups of neolexemes with the component media create a qualitative-quantitative hierarchical structure, the most numerous parts of which serve as the indicators of the most media-determined spheres of socioenvironment. Key words: mediaenvironment, structure, verbalization, neolexemes with the component media, lexical-semantical field.

This short pedagogical movie illustrates an effect in nuclear physics called backbending which was first observed in the study of the rotational behavior of rapidly rotating rare-earth nuclei in Stockholm, Sweden in 1971. The video contains a mechanical analog utilizing rare-earth magnets and rotating gyroscopes on a turntable along with some historic spectra and papers associated with this landmark discovery together with its explanation in terms of the Coriolis induced uncoupling and rotational alignment of a specific pair of particles occupying high-j intruder orbitals. Thus backbending represents a crossing in energy of the groundstate, or vacuum, rotational band by another band which has two unpaired high-j nucleons (two quasi-particles) with their individual angular momenta aligned with the rotation axis of the rapidly rotating nucleus. Backbending was a major surprise which pushed the field of nuclear structure physics forward but which is now sufficiently well understood that it can be used as a precision spectroscopic tool providing useful insight for example, into nuclear pairing correlations and changes in the latter due to blocking effects and quasi-particle seniority, nuclear deformation, the excited configurations of particular rotational structures and the placement of proton and neutron intruder orbitals at the Fermi surface.