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Zheng, Lianqing. "Statistical identification of metabolic reactions catalyzed by gene products of unknown function". Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15594.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Statistics
Gary L. Gadbury
High-throughput metabolite analysis is an approach used by biologists seeking to identify the functions of genes. A mutation in a gene encoding an enzyme is expected to alter the level of the metabolites which serve as the enzyme’s reactant(s) (also known as substrate) and product(s). To find the function of a mutated gene, metabolite data from a wild-type organism and a mutant are compared and candidate reactants and products are identified. The screening principle is that the concentration of reactants will be higher and the concentration of products will be lower in the mutant than in wild type. This is because the mutation reduces the reaction between the reactant and the product in the mutant organism. Based upon this principle, we suggest a method to screen the possible lipid reactant and product pairs related to a mutation affecting an unknown reaction. Some numerical facts are given for the treatment means for the lipid pairs in each treatment group, and relations between the means are found for the paired lipids. A set of statistics from the relations between the means of the lipid pairs is derived. Reactant and product lipid pairs associated with specific mutations are used to assess the results. We have explored four methods using the test statistics to obtain a list of potential reactant-product pairs affected by the mutation. The first method uses the parametric bootstrap to obtain an empirical null distribution of the test statistic and a technique to identify a family of distributions and corresponding parameter estimates for modeling the null distribution. The second method uses a mixture of normal distributions to model the empirical bootstrap null. The third method uses a normal mixture model with multiple components to model the entire distribution of test statistics from all pairs of lipids. The argument is made that, for some cases, one of the model components is that for lipid pairs affected by the mutation while the other components model the null distribution. The fourth method uses a two-way ANOVA model with an interaction term to find the relations between the mean concentrations and the role of a lipid as a reactant or product in a specific lipid pair. The goal of all methods is to identify a list of findings by false discovery techniques. Finally a simulation technique is proposed to evaluate properties of statistical methods for identifying candidate reactant-product pairs.
2
Sahim, Abderrahim. "Nouvelle approche basée sur Monte Carlo pour la modélisation des systèmes chimiquement réactifs : application à la pyrolyse de la biomasse lignocellulosique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025TLSEP008.
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Une nouvelle approche stochastique basée sur le "Monte Carlo Formulation Intégrale" est présentée dans cette thèse pour modéliser la cinétique de dégradation de la biomasse lignocellulosique au cours de la pyrolyse. La pyrolyse, définie comme la dégradation thermique de la biomasse en absence de dioxygène, est un processus complexe impliquant des réactions primaires et secondaires influencées par les transferts de chaleur et de matière, avec des propriétés physiques de la biomasse qui varient en fonction de sa composition chimique. Cette complexité est accentuée par le couplage de divers phénomènes physiques et réactions chimiques. Pour y faire face, des méthodes statistiques de Monte Carlo sont adoptées, étant insensibles à la complexité des domaines d'intégration, ce qui les rend particulièrement adaptées à la simulation de tel procédé. Dans le premier cas d’étude, le couplage cinétique/cinétique en conditions isothermes a été exploré, en modélisant des réactions chimiques (en parallèle, successives et/ou réversibles) de premier ordre couplées. Le modèle cinétique a été formulé sous forme d'un système d’espérances couplées, et ce couplage a été traité à l'aide de la méthode de double randomisation. Des scénarios de raideur ont également été abordés en étant traités à l'aide d'un échantillonnage par importance, guidé par des approximations classiques telles que l'équilibre partiel et l'approximation des états quasi-stationnaires, permettant ainsi d'obtenir des résultats similaires aux solutions analytiques, tout en étendant la méthode à des schémas réactionnels plus complexes. Dans le deuxième cas d'étude, des conditions non-isothermes sont considérées. Il est supposé que la température et les constantes de vitesses sont connues et prescrites. Pour modéliser ce couplage entre la dynamique thermique et la cinétique, des algorithmes à réactions nulles sont introduits. Cette approche a été appliquée au modèle de Broido-Shafizadeh pour la pyrolyse de la cellulose, montrant qu'un algorithme à réactions nulles sans rejet est optimal pour les réactions simples, tandis qu'un algorithme avec rejet s'avère plus performant pour des schémas réactionnels avec des réactions couplées. Enfin, dans le troisième cas d’étude, cette approche a été étendue pour traiter le couplage thermique/cinétique non-linéaire avec un modèle thermique non-prescrit, formulé sous forme d'espérance. Ce cas présente un défi particulier en raison de la non-linéarité de la loi de couplage (loi d'Arrhenius). Une méthode permettant de contourner cette non-linéarité en utilisant les collisions nulles est proposée, et il est démontré que cette approche fournit des résultats comparables à ceux des solutions déterministes dans des cas simples. Cependant, elle nécessite encore des améliorations pour des scénarios plus complexes, en raison des coûts de calcul élevés et de la lenteur de convergence. La modélisation multi-échelle et multiphysique de la pyrolyse est contribué par cette thèse en abordant les principaux défis associés au couplage thermique/cinétique et à la non-linéarité. Des perspectives pour des recherches futures visant à améliorer ces méthodes pour des systèmes plus complexes sont également ouvertesA new stochastic approach based on the "Monte Carlo Integral Formulation" is presented in this thesis to model the degradation kinetics of lignocellulosic biomass during pyrolysis. Pyrolysis, defined as the thermal degradation of biomass in the absence of dioxygen, is a complex process involving primary and secondary reactions influenced by heat and mass transfer, with physical properties of the biomass varying according to its chemical composition. This complexity is accentuated by the coupling of various physical phenomena and chemical reactions. To address this, Monte Carlo statistical methods are adopted, as they are insensitive to the complexity of the integration domains, making them particularly well-suited for the simulation of such processes. In the first case study, the kinetic/kinetic coupling under isothermal conditions was explored, modeling first-order coupled chemical reactions (in parallel, successive, and/or reversible). The kinetic model was formulated as a system of coupled expectations, and this coupling was addressed using the double randomization method. Stiffness scenarios were also tackled by using importance sampling, guided by classical approximations such as partial equilibrium and quasi-stationary state approximations, allowing results similar to analytical solutions to be obtained while extending the method to more complex reaction schemes. In the second case study, non-isothermal conditions are considered. It is assumed that the temperature and rate constants are known and prescribed. To model the coupling between thermal dynamics and kinetics, null-reaction algorithms are introduced. This approach was applied to the Broido-Shafizadeh model for cellulose pyrolysis, showing that a null-reaction algorithm without rejection is optimal for simple reactions, while an algorithm with rejection is found to perform better for reaction schemes with coupled reactions. Finally, in the third case study, this approach was extended to handle nonlinear thermal/kinetic coupling with a non-prescribed thermal model, formulated as an expectation. This case presents a particular challenge due to the non-linearity of the coupling law (Arrhenius law). A method to bypass this non-linearity using null collisions is proposed, and it is shown that this approach provides results comparable to deterministic solutions in simple cases. However, improvements are still required for more complex scenarios due to high computational costs and slow convergence. This thesis contributes to the multi-scale and multiphysics modeling of pyrolysis by addressing the main challenges associated with thermal/kinetic coupling and non-linearity. It also opens up perspectives for future research aimed at improving these methods for more complex systems
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Mahfoudhi, Imed. "Problèmes inverses de sources dans des équations de transport à coefficients variables". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975168.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de quelques questions liées à l'identifiabilité et l'identification d'un problème inverse non-linéaire de source. Il s'agit de l'identification d'une source ponctuelle dépendante du temps constituant le second membre d'une équation de type advection-dispersion-réaction à coefficients variables. Dans le cas monodimensionnel, la souplesse du modèle stationnaire nous a permis de développer des réponses théoriques concernant le nombre des capteurs nécessaires et leurs emplacements permettant d'identifier la source recherchée d'une façon unique. Ces résultats nous ont beaucoup aidés à définir la ligne de conduite à suivre afin d'apporter des réponses similaires pour le modèle transitoire. Quant au modèle bidimensionnel transitoire, en utilisant quelques résultats de nulle contrôlabilité frontière et des mesures de l'état sur la frontière sortie et de son flux sur la frontière entrée du domaine étudié, nous avons établi un théorème d'identifiabilité et une méthode d'identification permettant de localiser les deux coordonnées de la position de la source recherchée comme étant l'unique solution d'un système non-linéaire de deux équations, et de transformer l'identification de sa fonction de débit en la résolution d'un problème de déconvolution. La dernière partie de cette thèse discute la difficulté principale rencontrée dans ce genre de problèmes inverses à savoir la non identifiabilité d'une source dans sa forme abstraite, propose une alternative permettant de surmonter cette difficulté dans le cas particulier où le but est d'identifier le temps limite à partir duquel la source impliquée a cessé d'émettre, et donc ouvre la porte sur de nouveaux horizons.
4
Božek, Michal. "Kondenzační parní turbína K55". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417525.
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The main aim of this diploma thesis is design and calculation of steam condensing turbine with given parameters. In the first part is made calculation of heat balance scheme, which contains high and low pressure regeneration and turbine with total of 5 unregulated steam extraction. It is followed by calculation of regulating stage with impulse blading and calculation of stage part of turbine with reaction blades with total of 27 stages divided to 7 cones. Designes of regulating stage and stage part were checked by calculation of tensile and bending stress. In next parts are calculations of compensating piston and turbine seal system, design of radial and thrust bearings and in the last chapter is shown consumption characteristics of turbine. The designed turbine after optimization at nominal condition has power of 55013,02 kW with thermodynamic efficiency of 83,06 %. The reheat factor of turbine is 1,063. The diploma thesis is supplemented by a conceptual sectional drawing of turbine.
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Brezová, Gabriela. "Analýza způsobu reakce řidiče na náhlý podnět". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446748.
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The diploma thesis deal with what ways drivers react to an unexpected stimulus. In the theoretical part, the analysis of the current state, reaction time, methods of reaction of the driver, stimuli from the environment and finally is being analyzed, the vehicle and its assistance systems. The analytical part of the diploma thesis was performed by driving tests, where it was found that the way the driver reacts from the distance to which they are obstructed and the speed of the vehicle. For that reason, a TTC dependency analysis was performed. It was found that drivers at low TTC values chose an obstacle in which they brake the need to move their foot from the accelerator pedal to the brake pedal and they have to brake sharply. At medium TTC values, drivers brake most often. In the case of a combination of conductors, they chose braking with avoiding at lower TTC values and avoiding with braking at medium TTC values. There was also a dependence of the method of reaction on driving experience. Inexperienced drivers rather choose braking, experienced drivers use combinations.
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Boldovjaková, Tatiana. "Post-polymerační modifikace polyolefinů pro přípravu hydroxylovaných makroiniciátorů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-432943.
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The diploma thesis deals with post-polymerization hydroxylation of polypropylene in solid state. Regarding the literature review, polypropylene was hydroxylated by radical grafting in aqueous solution of potassium persulfate at 100 °C, under nitrogen atmosphere for 60 minutes. Hydroxylation of polypropylene was performed at different concentrations of potassium persulfate (1; 5; 10 mol. %) and two different water/potassium persulfate molar ratios. The effects of reaction system composition and reaction conditions on reaction efficiency, extent of side reactions, thermal and rheological properties of hydroxylated polypropylene were evaluated. The presence and concentration of hydroxyl groups on polypropylene surface was determined by structural analysis (FTIR, XPS), while the highest efficiency was achieved in the presence of nonionic wetting agents, using 10 mol. % potassium persulfate and at lower water/potassium persulfate molar ratio. Based on changes in polypropylene structure, the modification took place mainly in the amorphous phase of the polymer. In addition to hydroxylation, concurrent side reactions have been reported, in particular the oxidation of wetting agents and polypropylene, which has resulted in chain cleavage, reducing the average molecular weight of the polypropylene.
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Bucsuházy, Kateřina. "Analýza reakční doby dětí". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234437.
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This diploma thesis deals with children‘s reaction time. The theoretical part of this work describes children as vulnerable road users and discusses methods of measuring reaction time. The practical part presents some realized experiments refer to the children’s reaction time and their results evaluation.
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Černo, Lukáš. "Localizing reactions to globalization among Czech beer consumers and their relation to the phenomenon of identity crisis". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124546.
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The goal of this thesis is to define what globalization is, how the people across the world react to it based on their local context, how the reactions change under the conditions of economic crises and finally how the reactions are reflected in consumption. I answer these goals both from the theoretical and practical perspective. Based on my review of theory I define globalization (1) in economic terms as a recurring phenomenon related to changing power structures of world economy when new economic centers emerge and (2) in cultural terms as localized human experience determined by both one's worldview and one's local circumstances. I further hypothesize that the worldview underlying this localized experience changes during economic crises from modernism to traditionalism and postmodernism. Since Consumption then reflects our worldview in a culturally specific way. In the practical part I further test these findings through a netnographic study focused on Czech beer enthusiasts. The key finding is that the beer enthusiasts express a need to return to traditional brewing methods. However, there appears to be no correlation between economic crisis and the emergence of traditionalism among beer enthusiasts but rather the traditionalism erupst due to clash between modernist worldview of beer enthusiasts and perceived destruction of beer industry by capitalism. Finally, the traditionalism doesn't seem to be replacing modernist worldview of beer enthusiasts but rather serves as a resource for this worldview.
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Dolejský, Lukáš. "Analýza vnitřního hluku vozidel a jeho vliv na aktivní bezpečnost". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232763.
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Thesis is focused on the impact of the inside noise of the car on conditional driver safety, which is presented by reaction times on simulated stimulus. In introduction, there is a theoretical definition of the security of the vehicles, inside noise, and its methods of measurement. Practical part consists of description and realization of the measurements of the impact on the inside noise in the car on reaction time of drivers. Conclusion includes evaluations of the measurements and findings, which results from them.
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Becová, Lucia. "Měření parametrů lidského operátora". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400558.
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This work focuses on evaluating the parameters of the human operator as the driver of the vehicle simulator. In the first part, the thesis focuses on the examination of human operator parameters evaluation. In the second part of the thesis is a proposal of various scenarios focused on a specific area of measurement. At the end, the work focuses on the processing and evaluation of measured data obtained from the drivers tested.
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Adamček, Ľubomír. "Návrh a tvorba multiplatformní mobilní aplikace". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401999.
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For several decades, market fragmentation caused by different operating systems has been complicating and overpricing the process of creating new applications. Unified development for multiple platforms does not only save time and expenses, but also enables to reach a far wider audience. This work presents the topic of a cross-platform mobile development and analyzes the development of the market for currently the two most prevalent operating systems – Android and iOS. The results of the analysis are used to design and create a multiplatform tool intended to monitor immunopathologic reactions. The work also includes a marketing plan and expected economic valuation once the developed application is introduced to the market.
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Nováková, Darja. "Obvyklá doba a frekvence pozorování vybraných situací dopravního provozu řidičem". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233194.
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The aim of this work is evaluate usual time and frequency of selected traffic situations observation by the driver. A necessary part of this problem is a driver in this context is described herein personality driver and psychological factors that affect it during the process of driving in traffic. The important part is played by visual system driver and his perception of stimuli. The thesis also outlines the problems concerning the importance of transport routes, its environment and transport vehicle for drivers. The practical part is devoted to the evaluation of video recordings in the field driving tests on the basis of which it was possible to determine the frequency and duration of glances in selected situations in traffic.
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Bunček, Patrik. "Porovnání jednotělesové a dvoutělesové parní turbíny". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443166.
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The master thesis deals with design and comparison of condensing steam turbine for steam-gas cycle for single-cylinder and double-cylinder body with air condenser at its end, one regulated take and ability to use additive steam. Thesis is based on the calculation of thermal scheme which is followed by a preliminary and subsequently a detailed design of steam turbine. Thermodynamic efficiency for single-cylinder turbine was calculated at 93,28 % with terminal power 136,2 MW. The design procedure was repeated for a double-cylinder body. Calculated terminal power for two-cylinder turbine was 134,4 MW with thermodynamic efficiency of 92.1%. By dividing turbine into two rotors resulting low-pressure turbine has a smaller rotor diameter, a longer blade and at the same time a larger number of stages. For double-cylinder turbine, it was necessary to consider twice the number of seals and radial bearings. Due to the increase in flow diameter of low-pressure turbine, losses related to the geometry of the stage increased. Thesis is supplemented by a section drawing of steam turbine with higher efficiency.
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Jankeje, Kristína. "Využití techniky DGGE k analýze a identifikaci vybraných druhů mikroorganismů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216701.
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Presented diploma thesis is focused on use of DGGE to analysis and identification of selected microorganisms. PCR-DGGE is a method that allows direct characterization of the microbial community in the natural environment without necessity of cultivation. A literature review is devoted to the principle of the method, current applications and its limitations too. In experimental part microbial DNA was isolated and used as a template for PCR reaction. Microbial DNA was then amplified using the universal eukaryotic primers that target the D1/D2 domain of the 26S subunit of ribosomal DNA. To improve specificity and sensitivity of detection nested PCR was chosen using outer and inner primer pairs. Generated amplicons (250 bp) were consequently separated by DGGE. The analysis of selected microorganisms by DGGE technique was performed after optimization of electrophoresis conditions (in particular the denaturing gradient extent and separation time). Despite the optimization, mutual differentiation among individual yeast strains was not possible since each reference strain was represented by several bands in the same positions. In conclusion DGGE profile obtained from wine musts is discussed. Present bands suggest the major presence of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, yeast-like strain A. pullulans is present in the minority and Saccharomyces yeasts are probably present too. The technique remains open for further optimization, particularly as regards the conditions of polymerase chain reaction.
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Slavík, Jan. "Elektrochemické a matematické studium interakcí selenu s biologicky aktivními thioly". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219501.
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Proteins with thiol groups interact with metal ions in the human body. They maintain their homeostasis, participate in cell signaling, protect the cell against the effects of toxic metals and detoxify them. This work is focused on proteins with thiol groups glutathione and metallothionein and their effects on selenium. The method of study is electrochemical.
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Tretera, Michal. "Parní turbína pro průmyslovou teplárnu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443163.
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This diploma thesis deals with the thermodynamic design of a backpressure steam turbine. The mass flow of steam through the turbine is determined based on the required heat output, which is transferred in a heat exchanger at the turbine outlet. The governing stage of the turbine is in form of an impulse stage, with optimization of degree of reaction included. During the optimization, a suitable rotor blade was chosen as well as its size. The governing stage is followed by fifteen stages of reaction blading with the stage loading coefficient in the range of 2,75 to 2,80. The governing stage and the reaction blading both meet the mechanical strength requirements. Balancing piston, sealing system and bearings are also designed. Finally, a turbine characteristic is created as well as a longitudinal section. The designed turbine has a speed of 10 000 rpm. While supplying the required heat output, it has a terminal power output of 5 863,4 kW and a thermodynamic efficiency of 84,69 %.
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Bugáň, Marek. "Vliv reklamních ploch na pozornost řidiče". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241356.
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This thesis deals with influence of advertisements on driver´s attention. Within the theoretical part are summarize findings in field of influence of advertisements on driver´s attention, it also clarified the idea of recording driver´s eye movement, which were used during the measurement. The analytical part draws from video records with driving tests provided by the Institute of Forensic Engineering of Brno University of Technology. Obtained data were processed and analyze in order to determine the durations of views on advertising devices in area of roads.
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Kubánek, Ondřej. "Analýza vlivu používání technických zařízení řidičem na reakční dobu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261296.
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This master‘s thesis analyzes the impact of the use of technical equipment for the driver reaction time. There are described the legal requirements for the use of technical devices by the driver in the vehicle. There are analyzed the types of technical devices used by drivers and mainly discussed the issue of drivers' reaction times. They assessed factors affecting reaction time, ways of measuring the reaction time and the type of reaction times. They discussed earlier research from the beginning of the measurement of reaction times to the latest research, dealing with the measurement of reaction times when using a mobile phone. The practical part is devoted to perform road tests on a sample of drivers and evaluate their reaction times during normal driving and during a call. The measured and evaluated data are commented with respect to the benefits of expert activities in the field of transport.
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Veselá, Cindy. "Terapeutická hra pro měření reakční doby s využitím platformy BITalino". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413174.
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This master’s thesis focuses on real-time detection of activity in electromyographic signal for reaction time measurement. For patients motivation there was designed and implemented therapeutic car game controlled throught the muscle activity. In this thesis were used three different algorithms for muscles activity detection in EMG signal. The best accuracy of this three methods has designed artificial network with U-Net hierarchy, which is used to segment samples into two categories - samples of signal with activity and samples representing calm. Accuracy of this method is 97 %. Later there were examined differences between groups of probands, different stimulus and the changes of reaction time over time.
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Gajdoš, Adam. "Parní turbína pro spalovnu odpadů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417527.
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Diploma thesis deals with the design of the condensing steam turbine with power output 23.63 MW at 5000 rpm and an efficiency of 84.17% after optimization. The turbine contains one controlled steam extraction and four bleeds. The steam mass flow required by controlled steam extraction is 0-75 t/h of a total mass flow to the turbine 105 t/h. Design of the steam turbine is preceded by calculation of heat balance of the cycle. Then the thermodynamic and strength calculation of regulation stage and reaction staging flow channel are made. Thermodynamic calculation of the flow channel consists of preliminary and detailed calculation. It is detailed calculation that leads to the turbine parameters optimization. The design also includes gland sealing system and balance piston calculation. In addition to the strength calculation there is bearings load calculation included. In the end, the consumption diagram is made, showing the interval by which the turbine can be safely operated. Integrated part of the thesis is conceptual drawing of steam turbine section.
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Vorálková, Kateřina. "Zrakové vnímání řidiče v dopravním provozu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232688.
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The aim of thesis is a summary and assessment of perception of drivers in traffic from the view of psychology and its influence on various aspects and the resulting effects on driving. Furthermore, it is mainly a description of the visual system and the description of light as factor of visual perception. The thesis also presents two experiments refer to the reaction time and mental reactions of driver, depending on drank out alcohol. Results of the first test of reaction time starting at the traffic lights were just a confirmation of the mentioned values from different publications and the Internet. The results of the second test, which was focused on the emotional reaction depending on the amount of ingested alcohol would be surprising to many.
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Bláhová, Eva. "Vliv prvků okolí komunikace na bezpečnost provozu vozidel". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232862.
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The thesis deals with the influence of the elements in surrounding the road on the traffic safety, focusing on visual distraction of the driver. Within the theoretical part are characterized transport system and its individual components (driver, environment and road, means of transportation and transport infrastructure) with emphasis on aspects affecting traffic safety and visual perception of the driver. The analytical part draws from video records with driving tests provided by the Institute of Forensic Engineering of Brno University of Technology. They were processed and the data were evaluated to determine mainly the length of individual driver’s gazes on particular elements in surrounding the road and their comparison with the time dedicated to driving. The conclusion of this part is intended for the studies of advertising signs as they are the elements with significant influence on driver’s distraction. Interpretation of the results followed by designing their applications to increase traffic safety is included in the last chapter.
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Ohera, Adam. "Reakční doba osob ovlivněných alkoholem". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382222.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis is focused on the issue of reaction time of those people who are affected by alcohol. The thesis is divided into two main parts, the first part is focused on the research of the present state and it submits the theoretical background related to the topic of this thesis. The second part describes both the experiments related to the reaction time of the people affected by alcohol and the evaluation of the results of such measurements.
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Töröková, Lucie. "Studium chemických procesů v atmosféře Titanu iniciovaných výbojem v elektrodové konfiguraci klouzavého obloukového výboje". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234529.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The aim of this work is the study of plasma processes and the synthesis of organic compounds due to electric discharge generated in gas mixture corresponding to the composition of the atmosphere of Saturn's largest moon Titan. This study focuses on the mimic of Titan's atmosphere at atmospheric pressure and ambient laboratory temperature. The chemical composition of Titan's atmosphere is very similar to atmosphere of prehistoric Earth. Many articles have been published with theoretical model-research, and laboratory experiments are the pursuit of their interconnection. The main aim of thesis is the identification of synthesized gaseous organic, amino, imino and cyano compounds by use to various analytical methods such as the PTR-MS, FTIR and GC-MS. The OES and electric measurements were applied to the determination of selected electric discharge parameters. The gaseous products and radicals formed in an atmospheric discharge fed by different mixtures of N2:CH4 (0,5 up to 5 % of CH4) operated in a flowing regime at the total gas mixture flows from 50 to 200 sccm at different discharge currents from 15 up to 40 mA were determined. A part of experiments was carried out with admixtures of CO2 and hydrogen. This first part of results has been obtained using OES in dependence on the gas mixture composition and supplied power. The bands of the nitrogen second positive and the first negative systems, CN violet system and Swan system of C2 were recorded. Besides them, atomic lines H, H, and C (in the second order) were also observed. These spectra allowed calculation of rotational and vibrational temperatures. FTIR in situ analysis of the gaseous products showed presence of various nitrile compounds and hydrocarbons in all experiments. The HCN, C2H2, NH3 were the main products generated in our system. The dependences of their concentrations on various experimental parameters were measured. The other part of this work was devoted to estimate the influence of CO2 traces addition on the reactivity in the gaseous mixtures mentioned above. Besides the main products mentioned above, CO2 and CO were detected and also some more complicated oxygen molecules has been confirmed but not estimated because of FTIR spectra complexity. In the case of hydrogen traces addition into the reaction gas mixture, no other compounds were determined. Impurities of CO2 as well as hydrogen have a great positive influence on the production efficiency of the major generated compounds at all conditions. The more detailed gaseous products analyses were carried out using the in situ PTR-MS. A huge number of different molecular structures containing nitrile groups (–CN), amino groups (–NH2, –NH–, –N CH3CN > C2H5CN. Besides them, many other hydrocarbons and nitriles were detected. Presence of all compounds was studi
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Cesnak, Filip. "Mikroextrakce DNA z rostlinných tkání zeleniny". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376814.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The aim of the thesis was the comparison of two DNA microextraction methods with the use of magnetic beads from food of plant origin. Samples had disparate and complex matrices and were either raw (broccoli) or processed (strawberry jam). The first method uses a magnetic separator for the manipulation of magnetic beads and was used as a standart for the comparison. The second method uses a paramagnetic needle, the advantage of which should be the possibility to isolate DNA of higher quality without a significant contamination by polyphenolic compounds or proteins. The former method was validated by statistic analysis of results obtained from both methods. DNA quality was judged by testing the amplificability of isolated DNA via PCR. The amplified products were visualised on an agarose gel with electrophoresis.
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Akwari, Michala. "Využití magnetických částic při izolaci DNA z vybraných zeleninových výrobků". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316233.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Micromethod of DNA isolation using magnetic particles is one of the modern technological methods used in DNA isolation, and makes the process simpler, more effective and faster. The main aim of this study was to isolate the DNA from various plant (tomato) food products, using different types of magnetic particles. The results were compared and the quantity, purity and the possibility of amplication of the isolated DNA among samples were found to be different. The DNA isolation method using magnetic particles P(HEMA-co-GMA) or HPS B-M-NH2 was shown to be the most effective in achieving the above mentiond parametres. DNAs from the analysed samples of plant food products were isolated in sufficient quantity and quality to be used in the conventional PCR. Differences in the possibility of the amplification of the isolated DNA stored at -20 °C during more than a half year were not found.
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Dominik, Dávid. "Návrh aeroderivátu pro využití v kompresních stanicích". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417593.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis is concerned with the calculation of the power turbine. This turbine should be used in the automatic drive of the compressor used for compression of natural gas in compressor stations. Flight engine aeroderivate from the Rolls-Roye company, type RB211-22B, was used as gas generator. The main aim of the thesis is to summarize of the base atributes of the combustion turbines and aeroderivates. They are used for automatic engine, application a thermodynamic calculation of the power turbine, for reaction stage and basic strength calculations.
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Mynarčík, Pavel. "Exotermní intermetalické směsi, jejich příprava a hodnocení". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400855.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
During exothermic reactions a significant amount of heat is released. This heat can be further utilized for heating up chemical substances, chemical reaction initiation or welding. The first part of this thesis contains survey of thermodynamics and thermodynamics and thermochemistry of exothermic reactions, overview of commonly used exothermic processes as thermites and NanoFoil, summary of intermetallic systems and possibilites of powder metallurgy as a fabrication process of exothermic powder blends. Based on the survey part is designed experimental powder blend obtained by powder metallurgy. 18 powder samples were analysed; chemical composition was obtained by XRD and EDS analysis, on scaning electron microscope the morphology of powder particles was evaluated and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) the temperature of exothermic intermetallic reaction was determined. Furthermore a bulk intermetallic sample was sintered by spark plasma sintering process (SPS).
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Král, Martin. "Pevnostně deformační analýza uložení vyvažovacího hřídele". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231699.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Subject of this master's thesis is to design a control screw connection balance mass and shaft. It is the task of the stress - strain analysis balancer shaft in the FEM system, evaluation of the obtained results and possible design modifications.
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Černohorská, Magda. "Analýza reakční doby řidiče při ovlivnění vybranými rušivými podněty". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319158.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The diploma thesis deals with the analyses of food consumption influence on driver´s perception reaction time. It describes the food and drink consumption while driving, factors influencing driver´s performance, activities disturbing the driver, foreign researches and studies aimed at distracting stimuli. Practical part of the thesis is focused on driving tests of chosen driver of certain age group in current traffic, interpretation and evaluation of reaction times while driving with no distracting stimuli comparing to driving influenced by food consumption. All the data are concluded in the summary where it´s confirmed that reaction times are significantly prolonged when drivers have a snack while driving a vehicle.
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Hlísta, Juraj. "Reaktivní audit". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237105.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The thesis deals with the proposal and the implementation of an extension for the audit system in Linux - the reactive audit. It brings a new functionality to the auditing in form of triggering reactions to certain audit events. The reactive audit is implemented within an audit plugin and its use is optional. Additionally, there is another plugin which stores some audit events and provides time-related statistics for the first plugin. As the result, the mechanism of the reactive audit does not only react to some audit events, it is also able to reveal anomalies according to the statistical information and set ofe the appropriate reactions. It is a fairly general mechanism that can be useful in various situations.
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Orel, Matúš. "Izolace a průkaz DNA z rostlin významných v potravinářství". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401888.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the food industry, it is very important to take care of the quality, safety and organoleptic properties of the products supplied. For this reason, food must be checked. However, not all information can be found using conventional techniques such as immunoassays, chromatographic techniques, etc. DNA-based techniques can be used for these cases where traditional procedures are insufficient. Among them, the best known technique is PCR. The aim of the thesis was to isolate DNA from vegetable samples (broccoli, beetroot, carrot and pepper). DNA was isolated using the magnetic particle method and the traditional CTAB method. Both methods were able to isolate the DNA from the vegetable samples in quality and at a concentration suitable for PCR, where the 35S rDNA gene region was amplified (more precisely about 700 bp of the 18S-ITS1-5,8S region). After amplification, the PCR products were subjected to restriction reactions and the results compared to bioinformatic analysis. These steps have succeeded in finding suitable enzymes for diferentiation of PCR products from the tested vegetable species.
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Doseděl, Jakub. "Parní turbína pro biomasový blok". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417844.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The aim of this diploma thesis is a design of a condensing steam turbine based on technical specification of inlet steam - maximal mass flow 120 t/h, temperature 440 °C; on temperature in deaerator 125 °C; on mass flow 0 – 60 t/h and pressure 3,0 bar(a) of regulated steam extraction and on ambient temperature in the vicinity 25 °C. The result contains steam turbine with reaction blading, work output 28,76 MWe and efficiency 82 %.
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Vymětalík, Zbyněk. "Kondenzační parní turbína". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378716.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The topic of this diploma thesis is a condensing steam turbine with one regulated steam extraction. The first part contents design and balance of heat scheme. The heat scheme is the basis for the main part of this work, which is the thermodynamic design of the turbine with reaction blades. At the end, the characteristics of the turbine are created. Drawing of the turbine section is attached to this thesis.
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Meincke, Ricarda. "Allergics reactions to herbal medicines in childern". Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-349899.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: The use of herbal medicines in children and adolescents is continually on the rise. Contrary to popular belief, herbal products (HPs) are not always a safe alternative to conventional drugs and can cause a variety of adverse events such as severe and fatal allergic reactions. In regards to herbal medicine use in children, a recently published systematic review that searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and AMED included 58 studies from 19 countries and found overall herbal lifetime use to be between 0.8-85.5 % and 2.2-8.9 % for current use. Unlike most synthetically produced drugs, the adverse event profile of such "natural" preparations in children has rarely been studied. To this date, effective systems that monitor adverse drug events (ADRs) and long term side effects associated with HPs are either non-existent or still developing in many countries. Due to insufficient and inconsistent ADR reporting, little is known about the ADR spectrum of herbals in pediatric patients. Awareness of the potential of HPs to cause ADRs, particularly in children and adolescents, needs to be increased and reporting to national pharmacovigilance centers (PVCs) reinforced. Objectives: This project analyzed the worldwide adverse event data for herbal drugs related to hypersensitivity reactions as recorded in...
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Steiningerová, Lucie. "Úloha F420H2-závislých reduktas v biosyntéze bioaktivních mikrobiálních metabolitů inkorporujících 4-alkyl-L-prolinový derivát". Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-437108.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Antitumor pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs), lincosamide antibiotics, quorum sensing molecule hormaomycin, and antituberculotic griselimycin are structurally and functionally diverse groups of actinobacterial metabolites. The common feature of these compounds is the incorporation of L-tyrosine- or L-leucine-derived 4-alkyl-L-proline derivatives (APDs) in their structures. APD biosynthesis involves a set of up to six homologous proteins. According to their proposed order in the biosynthesis of 4-propyl-L-proline, a model APD of lincosamide lincomycin, the homologous proteins were named Apd1 - Apd6. Here, we report that the last reaction in the biosynthetic pathway of APDs, catalyzed by F420H2-dependent Apd6 reductases, contributes to the structural diversity of APD precursors. Specifically, the heterologous overproduction and in vitro tests of six Apd6 enzymes demonstrated that Apd6 from the biosynthesis of PBDs and hormaomycin can reduce only an endocyclic imine double bond, whereas Apd6 LmbY and partially GriH from the biosyntheses of lincomycin and griselimycin, respectively, also reduce the more inert exocyclic double bond of the same 4-substituted Δ1 -pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid substrate, making LmbY and GriH unusual, if not unique, among reductases. The two successive F420H2-dependent reduction...
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BAUEROVÁ, Miroslava. "Vliv kofeinu na změnu reakční doby". Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-173504.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis is focusing on influence of caffeine on the change of reaction time of individual. The theoretical part consists of the introduction of the specific subject and is following by information about positive and negative caffeine effect on the human body. Certain part of dissertation presents some liquid food products, where caffeine is included. The description of the reaction time of the individual before and after consumption is mentioned as well. The practical part of thesis pays attention to the experimentation with the pre-selected sample of person. The test itself was based upon usage of the reaction measurement tool with the optical stimulus for inputs. The objective of the practical part was to compare the influence of caffeine, and its specific amount, on the reaction abilities of selected individuals. Recorded data have been than statically evaluated, and prepared to final comparison. Based on receiving information the unequivocal deduction was determined.
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ECKER, Jacqueline. "Nitrogen-15 Labeling and NMR Spectroscopy for the Elucidation of Side Reactions". Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203038.
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Langer, Jaroslav. "Analýza posturálních reakcí při cvičení se symetrickou zátěží horních končetin odstředivou silou". Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-380861.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Title: Analysis of postural reactions on excercise with symetrical load of upper limbs by centrifugal force Summary: The aim of this thesis is testing excercise equipment Marrko and its effects on human body. Its based on the similar principle as few of established excersice equipments on the market, that are generating load on body by vibration. Thesis is based as biomechanical study pursuing specification of postural system reactions on specific excercises. EMG, Qualisys and Kistler systems were used to observe specific parameters in human body kinetics and muscle activity. Key words: Qualisys, EMG, Kistler, postural reactions
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LITVÍN, Radek. "Photochemistry of photosystem II reaction centre: Alternative electron pathways". Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45666.
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Runová, Alžbeta. "Entropicky řízené kaskádové hybridizační reakce pro detekci mikroRNA". Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-434839.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The emerging potential of miRNA molecules as diagnostic biomarkers calls for the development of a new quantification method. Current approaches usually require time-consuming and costly miRNA isolation for proper sample analysis. In this thesis, a new, isolation-free, oligonucleotide- modified gold nanoparticle (AuNP/DNA) system is proposed and designed for miRNA detection and quantification in living cells. This cascade, entropy-driven, and enzyme-free amplification system provides fluorescence signal upon selective interaction with the target miRNA. For this purpose, citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles were synthesized, and their diameters were determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The AuNP/DNA conjugates were prepared following a recently published "freezing method". Their reaction kinetics with the target miRNA and selectivity to various miRNAs were compared with those of an analogous DNA system without AuNPs in a series of fluorescence measurements. Furthermore, stability experiments in glutathione environment were conducted, as well as DNA electrophoresis, demonstrating the mechanistic aspects of the reaction. The reaction yields and selectivity to target miRNA of 42.31 ± 2.91 nm AuNP/DNA constructs, containing approximately 25 DNA complexes per AuNP,...
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Kovařovic, Vojtěch. "Porovnání reakční rychlosti u dětí s diagnózou ADHD a běžnou populací stejného věku". Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448257.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Title: Differences in reaction rate in children with ADHD and the general population of the same age. Problem definition: ADHD is a neuropsychological disorder occurring in part of the pediatric population (5-8%). The scientific public mentions the existence of the so-called hyperfocus, ie the ability to significantly concentrate in children diagnosed with ADHD, especially in the case of these children being interested in the task. Methodologically correctly compiled and performed testing of the reaction rate of these children could confirm or refute this assumption. Aims: The aim of the work is to find out whether and possibly what effect the diagnosis of ADHD in children has on the reaction rate. Hypotheses: H1: The reaction rate in individuals with ADHD will be on average the same or higher than in individuals of the same age of the healthy population. H2: The difference between the individual experiments will be greater in children with ADHD than in individuals of the same age of the healthy population. H3: The individual with fastest reaction ability with ADHD will have the same or better result as the individual with the fastest reaction of the same aged healthy population. Methods: Testing for the purposes of this diploma thesis took place in the ROSA center. 12 probands in the tested group...
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Addae, Asamoah Kojo. "Strategic policy reactions to the global financial crisis by selected states in the ECOWAS region". Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-429330.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The purpose of this Master’s Thesis is to evaluate the economies of selected ECOWAS members – Ghana and Nigeria – to find out how some of their economic indicators perform when shocks such as monetary, supply, demand and external shocks are applied. This will enable us to gauge their policy responses to a shock such as occurred during the Global Financial Crisis. The work is divided into two parts, namely the theoretical aspect and the quantitative aspect. The theoretical aspect looks at other authors who have discussed similar issues and the quantitative portion deals with econometric models that analysed data pulled from the economic indicators of both countries. The results are then discussed and a conclusion is arrived at.
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Sovová, Kristýna. "Hmotnostní spektrometrie v proudové trubici s vybranými ionty, SIFT-MS". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328187.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis describes research that has been carried out during the years 2009-2013 as a part of my PhD project related to the method of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and its application in interdisciplinary areas of research. SIFT-MS is a method that allows accurate quantification of trace gases and vapours presented in humid air with the focus on human breath; without any sample preparation and in real time. The thesis is divided into several parts. The first part reviews the history of mass spectrometry as a background for the quantitative analytical methods as PTR-MS and SIFT-MS. The second part discusses the detailed history of development of SIFT-MS, starting from principles of selected ion flow tube (SIFT) technique that has been used for study of ion-molecule reactions in the gas phase and forms the basis of SIFT-MS. The next part discusses volatile organic compounds of different biological origin: bacterial, plant and human breath metabolites that can be analyzed in real time using SIFT-MS. The main part "Results and Discussion" is divided into several subsections that serve as commentaries to the enclosed research papers published in peer reviewed journals. The first is a detailed step by step overview of the kinetics of ion molecule reactions which is the basis of...
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Martinek, Petr. "The reaction of phytophagous on differenced manganese content in the diet". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-425092.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The rapid adaptation of insect species on environment changes can represent a significant advantage for their development and consequently a great negative effect for the stability of forest ecosystems. Larval individuals of Cabera pusaria and Lymantria dispar and adults of Melolontha hippocastani and Phillobius arborator is in general widely expanded species of herbivorous insects in European regions and with them are connected huge economic and ecological losses. The composition of food (biogenic elements, trace elements, heavy metals, proteins, carbohydrates etc.) is the main parameter of food quality. Laboratory experiment with natural diet (assimilation apparatus of Quercus petraea and Betula pendula) in control conditions (temperature, humidity, and light) were used for determination of insects’ reactions to increased concentration of manganese in the diet. Food was contaminated by soaking in solutions of MnCl2.4H2O with graded manganese concentrations. On the base of experiment design and character of reared experimental species we determined the food consumption, the activity period of adults, the mortality of larvae, the quantity of eggs laying, the dry mass and live weight of experimental individuals, concentrations of manganese in unconsumed food, excrement and lyophilized bodies, larval and pupal exuviae. Mentioned parameters were observed for determination of reactions of experimental insect species on changed food quality via the presence of high manganese contents. The results showed, that the reactions of individual experimental animals were very different. We observed the negative reaction to high manganese content in the diet of L. dispar larvae with the tendency of its compensation (the increasing food consumption rate and prolongation of development). Caterpillars of C. pusaria were very sensitive to changed food quality and therefore we observed high mortality. On the other side, the high manganese content in the diet of P. arborator in the laboratory conditions influenced neither their food intake nor their mortality. For individuals of M. hippocastani very high content of manganese in the diet significantly influenced the food consumption and thereby their development(distortion of copulation and consequent eggs laying). We observed the repellent effect of high levels of manganese in the diet. In all cases, the elimination mechanisms of surplus manganese in the diet were observed. Individuals in experiments exuded manganese through the digestive system into excrements and by incorporation of it into unspecified parts of their adult body without direct physiology activity or in exuviae of caterpillars.
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Bílek, Karel. "Analýza diferenciálně exprimovaných genů a validace referenčních genů prasat". Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-93146.
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Coufal, Radek. "Reverzibilní interakce derivátů pyrazinu a dihydropyrazinů s fotoluminiscenčními vlastnostmi". Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339189.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis deals with two independent topics. The first is focused on the study of reversible covalent interactions of a carbonyl group with alcohols and water forming hemiacetals (respectively hydrate) derived from pyrazine trifluormethylketone. The main research method in this part is the NMR spectroscopy and experimental results are also supported by quantum chemical calculations. The second topic aims to the preparation and the study of photochemical properties of three dihydropyrazines which exhibit fluorescence both in solution and solid phase. The fluorescence can be influenced by means of complexation by various metal ions. Prepared dihydropyrazines also show interesting values of the Stokes shift. The structure of these new compounds was confirmed by X-ray analysis.
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Hradil, Roman. "Analýzy genomů hospodářských zvířat metodou PCR". Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-94945.
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Matyašovský, Ján. "Enzymová syntéza DNA modifikované v malém žlábku". Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-436915.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In the first part of the thesis, a series of six modified 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphates, bearing small functional groups (chloro, amino, methyl, vinyl, ethynyl and phenyl) at position 2 of adenine, was designed and synthesised. They were then tested as substrates for DNA polymerases in enzymatic synthesis of minor-groove modified DNA. The 2-phenyl modified dATP was the only triphosphate unable to be incorporated, meaning that the phenyl group is already too big for minor-groove incorporations. All of the other tested nucleotides were good substrates for tested DNA polymerases [KOD XL, Vent(exo-) and Bst LF] affording minor- groove modified DNA bearing one or four modifications. The vinyl- and ethynyl-modified DNAs were then used for post-synthetic modification of DNA minor groove with fluorescent labels utilising click reactions. Ethynyl group reacted in copper-catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC), whereas the vinyl group participated in thiol-ene reaction. This procedure allowed for the attachment of big functional groups otherwise unable to be installed into the DNA minor groove using direct enzymatic incorporation. The second part of the thesis was devoted to the study of 2-alkylamino-2'- deoxyadenosine triphosphates and their use in enzymatic synthesis of base-modified ONs and DNA....
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Koukal, Petr. "Enantioselektivní allylace dienalů a jejich aplikace v syntéze tiacumicinu". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-389068.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The current methodologies of catalytic enantioselective allylation of aldehydes were studied on conjugated dienals and later on haloacrylaldehydes as the substrates. The resulting enantioenriched homoallylalcohols were prepared by reactions promoted either by commercial Brønsted acid catalysts or by Lewis base catalysts developed by our group, often with high enantio- and diastereoselectivities. Subsequently, the methodology was expanded on catalytic enantioselective crotylation and pentenylation reactions, practically unknown not only with these substrates. The applicability of this synthetic approach was demonstrated on preparation of several natural products or their intermediates.