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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Occupation territoriale"
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Geyer, Bernard, and Éric Coqueugniot. "Occupation du sol et conquête territoriale durant le Néolithique dans les Marges arides de Syrie du Nord." Syria, no. 90 (January 1, 2013): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/syria.1757.
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Ronen, Yaël. "Illegal Occupation and Its Consequences." Israel Law Review 41, no. 1-2 (2008): 201–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700000224.
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This Article explores the grounds and consequences of illegal occupation. It proposes that an occupation may be considered illegal if it is involves the violation of a peremptory norm of international law that operates erga omnes, and is related to territorial status. Accordingly, illegal occupations are primarily those achieved through violation of the prohibition on the use of force and of the right to self-determination, or maintained in violation of the right to self-determination. This examination forms the basis for a systematic analysis of specific occupations that have been declared illegal by U.N. organs. The second part of the Article addresses the consequences of an occupation's illegality, in view of the political and legal objectives of determining such illegality. It considers the international responsibility for an illegal occupation; the obligation of non-recognition and the law applicable to an illegal occupation; and the right to self-defense. The Article concludes by commenting on the role of “illegal occupation” as a category under international law.
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Takeiti, Beatriz Akemi, and Larissa Mazzotti Santamaria. "Territorializando as experiências juvenis: interfaces entre o projeto juventude(s) e o sintonizando na transformação/Territorializing youth experiences: interfaces between the juventude(s) project and sintonizando na tranformação." Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 7, no. 3 (2023): 1844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto57651.
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Este ensaio fotográfico propõe pensar algumas abordagens territoriais e comunitárias em Terapia Ocupacional com jovens em dois projetos distintos - o Juventude(S) e o Sintonizando na Transformação. Ambos atuam com jovens - estudantes de escola pública e moradores de um conjunto de favelas no Rio de Janeiro e jovens em conflito com a lei após cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de Liberdade Assistida e Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade em Campinas/SP. Iniciamos apresentando os dois projetos bem como os distintos territórios em que eles ocorrem. Em seguida, procuramos estabelecer, a partir das imagens dos projetos, um diálogo sobre as experiências cujas reflexões direcionam-se para as ações territoriais e comunitárias em terapia ocupacional.Palavras-chave: Juventude. Abordagens territoriais e comunitárias. Arte-cultura. Terapia OcupacionalAbstractThis photo essay proposes thinking about some territorial and community approaches in Occupational Therapy with young people in two different projetcs - the Juventude(S) and Sintonizando na Transformação. Both work with young people - public school students and residents of a group of favelas in Rio de Janeiro and young people in conflict with the law after complying with the socio-educational measure of Assisted Freedom in Campinas/SP. We begin by presenting the two projects as well as the different territories in which they take place. Next, we try to establish, based on the images of teh projects, a dialogue about the experiences whose reflections are directed towards territorial and community actions in occupational therapy.Keywords: Young. Territorial and Community approaches. Art culture. Occupational TherapyResumenEste ensayo fotográfico propone pensar algunos abordajes territoriales y comunitarias con jóvenes en dos proyectos diferentes - el Juventude(S) y Sintonizando en la Transformación. Ambos trabajan con jóvenes - estudiantes de escuelas públicas y residentes de un conjunto de favelas en Rio de Janeiro y jóvenes en conflicto con la ley luego de cumplir con la medida socioeducativa de Libertad Asistida y Prestación de Servicios a la Comunidad en Campinas/SP. Comenzamos presentando los dos proyectos así como los diferentes territorios en los que se desarrollan. A continuación, tratamos de establecer, a partir de las imágenes de los proyectos, un diálogo sobre las experiencias cuyas reflexiones se orientan hacia acciones territoriales y comunitarias en terapia ocupacionalPalabras clave: Juventud. Enfoques territoriales y comunitarios. Cultura artística. Terapia ocupacional
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Charest, Paul. "La disparition des Montagnais et la négation des droits aborigènes." Recherches amérindiennes au Québec 39, no. 3 (2011): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045806ar.
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Après Russel Bouchard (Le Dernier des Montagnais, 1995) et après un livre sur la disparition des Attikameks (2003), l’historien Nelson-Martin Dawson jetait en 2005 un autre pavé dans la mare des études amérindianistes avec un nouvel ouvrage sur la disparition historique des Amérindiens du Québec, celle des Montagnais ou Innus cette fois, à partir d’une recherche commanditée par Hydro-Québec. Ce livre souffre de nombreux défauts, dont le manque d’informations sur la méthodologie employée et sur les compétences linguistiques de l’auteur, l’utilisation à tort et à travers de concepts non définis, l’absence des cartes historiques auxquelles se réfère l’auteur, une suite infinie d’inférences et d’extrapolations peu ou mal fondées présentées sous forme interrogative et l’usage abusif de termes lourds de sens pour convaincre le lecteur de ses élucubrations. Il s’agit en fait d’un livre inutile qui n’ajoute rien aux prétentions précédentes de Bouchard. En fait, ce genre d’études répétitives sur le Dernier des… (ajouter le nom d’un groupe amérindien de votre choix) a pour but principal de discréditer toute entente que les Innus ou autres pourraient en venir à signer avec les deux paliers de gouvernement sur la base de la discontinuité de leur occupation territoriale.
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De Sant’Ana Júnior, Horácio Antunes. "COMPLEXO PORTUÁRIO, RESERVA EXTRATIVISTA E DESENVOLVIMENTO NO MARANHÃO." Caderno CRH 29, no. 77 (2017): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v29i77.20003.
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Em São Luís (MA), projetos de desenvolvimento implicam ampliação do Complexo Portuário e conflitos com comunidades tradicionais que demandam a legalização da Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim. Confrontam-se lógicas diferenciadas de ocupação territorial e de concepções da natureza, em um conflito ambiental que toma novos contornos com projetos de ampliação de equipamentos de infraestrutura e industriais, além de modificações na legislação urbanística do município. Assim, o objetivo aqui é analisar como concepções de desenvolvimento que orientam os vários agentes provocam consequências sociais e ambientais e se desdobram em situações conflitivas. Parte-se de trabalho de pesquisa efetivado por dez anos, através de levantamento bibliográfico, realização de entrevistas, conversas informais, acompanhamento de reuniões, assembleias, audiências públicas e manifestações públicas. A lógica de ocupação e uso do espaço que tem orientado planejadores e agentes de desenvolvimento estatais e privados em São Luís desqualifica modos de vida de comunidades rurais cujas principais lideranças, na busca de manter seu território, acionam repertórios de luta e constroem mecanismos de enfrentamento.Palavras-chave: Conflitos ambientais. Projetos de desenvolvimento. Complexo Portuário de São Luís. Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim. Legislação urbanística.PORT COMPLEX, EXTRACTIVE RESERVE AND DEVELOPMENT IN MARANHÃOIn São Luís-MA, development projects imply in expanding of the Port Complex and conflicts with traditional communities that demand the legalization of the Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim. Face territorial occupation and conceptions of nature differents logics, in an environmental conflict with new contours with projects of expansion of infrastructure and industrial equipment and modifications in the urban legislation. Therefore, the goal here is to analyse how development concepts that guide the various agents cause social and environmental consequences unfold in situations of conflicts. This article part of research work realized for ten years, through bibliographical survey, interviews, informal conversations, follow-up assemblies, meetings, public audiences, and public manifestations. The logic of occupation and use of the space that has guided planners and State and private development agents in São Luís disqualifies lifestyles of rural communities whose main leaders, in seeking to maintain their territory, fighting repertoire and build face mechanisms.Key words: Environmental Conflict; Development Projects; Port Complex of São Luís; Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim; Urban LegislationCOMPLEXE PORTUAIRE, RÉSERVE EXTRATIVISTE ET DÉVELOPPEMENT AU MARANHAOEn São Luís-MA, projets de développement impliquent dans l’expansion du complexe portuaire et les conflits avec les communautés traditionnelles qui demandent la légalisation de la Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim. Visage différentes logiques de occupation territoriale et des conceptions de la nature, dans un conflit environnemental prend nouveaux contours avec des projets d’expansion des infrastructures et des équipements industriels et de modifications dans la législation urbanistique. Le but ici est donc d’analyser comment les concepts de développement qui guident les divers agents causent conséquences sociales et environnementales et se déroulent dans des situations des conflits. Le article partie de travail de recherche realisé pendant dix ans, au moyen d’une enquête bibliographique, mener des entrevues, des conversations informelles, réunions, suivies assemblées, des audiences publiques, et manifestations publiques. La logique d’occupation et d’utilisation de l’espace qui a guidé les planificateurs et les agents de développement de le Stat et privé au São Luís disqualifier des modes de vie des communautés rurales dont les principaux dirigeants, en cherchant à maintenir leur territoire, gargette répertoire de combat et construire des mécanismes de faire face.Mots-clés: Conflit Environnemental; Projets de Développement; Complexe Portuaire de São Luís; Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim; Législation Urbanistique Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-49792016000200006
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CHATELLIER, V., and R. VERITE. "L’élevage bovin et l’environnement en France : le diagnostic justifie-t-il des alternatives techniques ?" INRAE Productions Animales 16, no. 4 (2003): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2003.16.4.3662.
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Les relations entre l’élevage bovin et l’environnement sont complexes avec des implications positives (occupation du territoire, forte autonomie du système alimentaire, maintien de la biodiversité) et d’autres négatives (augmentation des teneurs en nitrates et en phosphore des eaux, émission de gaz à effet de serre). Ces relations sont historiquement et localement étroitement dépendantes de facteurs techniques (niveau d’intensification des superficies fourragères, productivité des facteurs de production, plans de fertilisation, conditions de stockage des effluents d’élevage…). Elles sont également fortement influencées par certaines considérations économiques (évolution de la consommation, prise en compte dans le prix des produits du respect d’engagements environnementaux…) et politiques (fixation de normes environnementales, mode d’intervention des pouvoirs publics dans la gestion collective de l’offre et dans la répartition territoriale des productions, mécanisme d’attribution des droits à primes…). L’analyse de ces relations est rendue délicate par la diversité des systèmes de production et l’imbrication des problèmes de gestion du végétal et de l’animal. Outre les incitations incombant aux politiques agricoles, plusieurs évolutions techniques pourraient interagir dans le sens d’une amélioration de la relation à l’environnement. Ces évolutions techniques, ponctuelles (suppression des gaspillages et ajustement plus précis des intrants, gestion des déjections…) ou plus radicales (modification des systèmes des production), seront possibles si elles s’accompagnent d’une amélioration sociale et/ou économique à l’échelle de l’exploitation.
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Campos, Julia Avide, Emanuelle Oliveira Correa, Tamara Leyane Gonçalves Natividade, Diego Eugênio Roquette Godoy Almeida, Giovanna Bardi, and Monica Villaça Gonçalves. "Para além dos muros: ações territoriais da terapia ocupacional social junto a jovens urbanos/Beyond the walls: territorial actions of social occupational therapy with urban young people." Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 7, no. 3 (2023): 1993–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto58189.
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Contextualização: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de um projeto de extensão do curso de Terapia Ocupacional, que desenvolve ações em um Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS). Processo de Intervenção: As ações apresentadas foram desenvolvidas com o Projovem do CRAS, por meio de oficinas de atividades e acompanhamentos territoriais. Análise crítica da prática: A partir da experiência relatada, destaca-se que a mobilidade urbana e o direito à cidade de jovens pobres e periféricos é atravessada por determinantes sociais, o que estabelece os processos de inclusão e exclusão da juventude na cidade. Síntese das considerações: Desta forma, as ações desenvolvidas pelo projeto de extensão da terapia ocupacional têm o enfoque em ações territoriais numa tentativa de que os jovens se sintam pertencentes ao território, como sujeitos possuidores do direito à cidade.Palavras-chave: Território Sociocultural. Juventude. Terapia Ocupacional AbstractContextualization: This is an experience report of an extension project of the Occupational Therapy course, which develops actions in a Social Assistance Reference Center (CRAS). Intervention Process: The actions presented were developed with Projovem from CRAS, through activity workshops and territorial accompaniments. Critical analysis of the practice: From the reported experience, it is highlighted that urban mobility and the right to the city of poor and peripheral youth is crossed by social determinants, which establish the processes of inclusion and exclusion of youth in the city. Summary of considerations: In this way, the actions developed by the occupational therapy extension project focus on territorial actions in an attempt to make young people feel that they belong to the territory, as subjects with the right to the city.Keywords: Sociocultural Territory, Youth, Occupational TherapyResumenContextualización: Se trata de un relato de experiencia de un proyecto de extensión del curso de Terapia Ocupacional, que desarrolla acciones en un Centro de Referencia de Asistencia Social (CRAS). Proceso de Intervención: Las acciones presentadas fueron desarrolladas con Projovem del CRAS, a través de talleres de actividades y acompañamientos territoriales. Análisis crítico de la práctica: De la experiencia relatada, se destaca que la movilidad urbana y el derecho a la ciudad de los jóvenes pobres y periféricos está atravesado por determinantes sociales, que configuran los procesos de inclusión y exclusión de los jóvenes en la ciudad. Resumen de consideraciones: De esta forma, las acciones desarrolladas por el proyecto de extensión de terapia ocupacional se enfocan en acciones territoriales en un intento de que los jóvenes se sientan pertenecientes al territorio, como sujetos con derecho a la ciudad.Palabras Clave: Território Sociocultural, Juventud, Terapia Ocupacional
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Cerda-Brintrup, Gonzalo, Jaime Flores-Chávez, and Pablo Fuentes-Hernández. "Pitrufquén, Chile: la ciudad como estrategia de ocupación territorial." Revista Urbano 27, no. 49 (2024): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2024.27.49.02.
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This paper analyzes the development of Pitrufquén (located in the Araucanía Region, Chile, and founded in 1897) from a historical, territorial, urban, and architectural point of view. It is proposed that the city’s development is framed in a new moment, where the Chilean State abandons military criteria and assumes economic-territorial factors where the railroad’s presence is a determining factor. The choice of the site, its particular layout, and the development of its architecture are evidence of this change. From the historical point of view, it is analyzed how, in Pitrufquén, the Mapuche society had cattle raising as the main economic activity, as it had pastures to feed the cattle, the land was suitable for crops, and there was a vital ford to cross the Toltén River. This strategic location was maintained and accentuated by the city’s founding and the railroad’s arrival in 1898, turning the town into a railhead for progress towards the south of the country. In the case of the urban layout, its peculiarity was addressed since, together with Lonquimay, these are the only sections in the La Araucanía region organized based on an ellipse, which, in the case of Pitrufquén, also coexists with a checkerboard layout. The study analyzed its squares, diagonal avenues, and the perimeter ring road. At an architectural level, the article explores the three layers or aspects of the city: The first one studies the wooden architecture with works from the late 19th and early 20th centuries; the second refers to public architecture, represented by buildings such as the municipality, public services, the post office, and others; and a third layer addresses the modern architecture, such as housing and stores from the period between 1940 and 1960.
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Arai, Kyo. "Between Consented and Un-Contested Occupation." Israel Law Review 51, no. 3 (2018): 365–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223718000171.
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It has long been recognised that ‘non-consent’ is a fundamental element of the law of occupation. Under modern international humanitarian law (IHL), the consensual presence of foreign military forces is generally not seen as belligerent occupation.However, if we accept the principle that the application of IHL should rely on the objective situation on the ground and not on the subjective judgment of the situation of parties to the conflict, it may be natural to diminish the significance of consent by the territorial states in relation to the application of the law of occupation. It may be somewhat harmful to deny such protection based solely on the existence of the territorial states’ consent without considering the relationship, in reality, between the occupier and the population in the occupied area. According to a teleological interpretation of IHL, especially when it is obvious that the latter has no allegiance to the former, the tense relationship between them should be regulated by the law of occupation.This article discusses whether and how state consent could be a humanitarian ground to negate the legal protection for its own people, and highlights situations where the local population needs protection by the law of occupation (or comparable rules) in consensual military occupations.
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Bazargan, Saba. "Proportionality, Territorial Occupation, and Enabled Terrorism." Law and Philosophy 32, no. 4 (2012): 435–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10982-012-9142-5.
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Gharbi, Asma. "Une approche à base de règles d'association pour l'explication et la prévision de l'évolution territoriale." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080003/document.
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Dans ce mémoire, nous partons de l'hypothèse que les dynamiques spatiales et les évolutions des usages des objets géographiques peuvent, en partie, être expliquées ou anticipées par leurs historiques de changements de fonctions et de co-localisations. Nous proposons d'exploiter la recherche des motifs fréquents et des règles d'associations pour en extraire des règles régissant ces dynamiques. Ce travail adapte également le processus de fouille de données pour tenir compte de la spécificité des données spatio-temporelles utilisées, en particulier, leur asymétrie.Dans ce contexte, notre proposition traite des questions liées à la modélisation des relations spatio-temporelles incorporées dans le jeu de données, la représentation adéquate des données d'apprentissage, pour ainsi, produire des règles adaptées à notre problème de prédiction. La prise en compte de l'asymétrie des attributs d'apprentissage en termes de fréquence est traitée selon deux approches : une approche utilisant plusieurs seuils de support minimum et une approche traitant disjointement les attributs. Pour la première approche, deux adaptations de l'algorithme MSApriori ont été proposées pour la définition et l'affectation de ces seuils. Pour la seconde, nous proposons l'algorithme BERA pour la génération de règles en allant de la construction de la conclusion vers la construction des prémisses.Afin de vérifier et évaluer nos propositions, nous proposons une étude expérimentale menée sur différents jeux de données issus des données Corine Land Cover dans le cadre d’un dispositif expérimental appelé SAFFIET<br>In this dissertation, we start from the hypothesis that spatial dynamics and geographical object usage evolution may partially be explained or predicted by their different previous spatial configuration. Thus, we propose to exploit frequent pattern mining and association rule mining in order to extract rules governing these dynamics. This work tries, as well, to adapt the data mining process to take into account the specificity of the used spatiotemporal data, in particular, their asymmetry. In this context, our proposal deals with questions related to the modeling of the spatiotemporal relations incorporated in the data set, the adequate representation of the learning data in order to produce rules adapted to our prediction problem. Addressing the asymmetric aspect of learning attributes, mainly in terms of their frequencies, is tackled according to two approaches: the first one is based on using multiple minimum supports (minsup) and the second one consists in addressing the attributes in a disjointed manner. The first approach is based on two adaptations of the MSApriori algorithm for the definition and assignment of these thresholds. The second approach exploits the novel BERA algorithm which is based on semantics of the predicates for the generation of rules, going from the construction of the conclusion part to the construction of the premise part. In order to verify and evaluate our proposals, an experimental study is carried out on different datasets from Corine Land Cover in an experimental tool called SAFFIET
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André, Nadine. "Politique territoriale et enjeux stratégiques sous le mandat de Lord Dalhousie en Inde : 1848-1856." Lyon 3, 2003. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2003_in_andre_n.pdf.
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La présente étude vise à réévaluer la politique territoriale menée par Lord Dalhousie de 1848 à 1856 en mesurant les pressions idéologiques et politiques exercées par ses deux autorités de tutelle, l'East India Company et l'India Board dépendant du gouvernement britannique. Elle rend compte du contextye politique, historique et géostratégique à l'interieur du sous-continent et de sa périphérie, de la position du gouvernement de l'Inde vis-à-vis des états princiers et pays frontaliers, ainsi que des motifs qui ont présidé aux choix politiques et stratégiques de Dalhousie. Des choix qui révèlent une conception nouvelle du sous-continent indien perçu comme un ensemble que Dalhousie entreprend de faire accéder au statut de nation<br>This study aims at reappraising the territorial policy carried out by Lord Dalhousie from 1848 to 1856 by assessing the ideological and political constraints imposed by the two autorities he was accountable to, the East India Company and the British Government's India Board. It considers the political, historical, strategic context within and without the subcontinent's borders, the Government of India's attitude toward native states and neighbouring countries, as welle as the motives for Dalhousie's political and strategic choices. Decisions that reveal Dalhousie's new conception of the Indian subcontinent as a whole which he endeavoured to shape into a nation
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Sodré, Maluly Vinicius. "La terre et l'eau : concessions foncières et usages du réseau hydrographique dans l'occupation territoriale de la capitainerie de Goiás (Brésil, 1725 - 1804)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0044.
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Par le biais des concessions foncières et des usages du réseau hydrographique, cette étude vise à comprendre le processus d'occupation territoriale de la capitainerie de Goiás, située au cœur de l'Amérique portugaise, au cours du XVIIIe siècle. L'objectif de la recherche est d'étudier la manière dont la terre et l'eau ont contribué à l'occupation territoriale par les Luso-Brésiliens mais aussi par des peuples autochtones qui ont été assimilés, annihilés ou qui ont résisté à la colonisation de différentes manières. Bien que la capitainerie de Goiás soit au centre de nos préoccupations, les territoires adjacents font également l'objet de cette étude, car l'analyse géographique doit prendre en compte d'autres éléments au-delà des frontières politiques. Les bornes chronologiques reflètent également ce choix théorico-méthodologique : elles changent selon selon l'échelle spatiale adoptée. On passe du temps long, lorsqu'il s'agit d'étudier la configuration d'éléments naturels, à des temporalités plus courtes, celle des actions d'individus qui ont produit les territoires coloniaux. L'approche géographique permet d'exploiter des éléments présents dans les sources historiques grâce à la cartographie numérique, qui révèle des liens entre des aspects morphologiques (le relief, l'altitude, le sol et les bassins versants) et les usages des concessions foncières (sesmarias) et du réseau hydrographique. Des cartes du passé sont également mobilisées : ce sont des sources très riches et importantes pour comprendre les représentations coloniales du territoire de l'Amérique portugaise et des peuples autochtones (en particulier les Gê). Ces derniers se sont opposés vigoureusement à l'invasion luso-brésilienne, démontrant que les sertões n'étaient pas des espaces vides, mais des territoires dynamiques, peuplés et disputés<br>Through land concessions and uses of the hydrographic network, this study aims to understand the process of territorial occupation of the captaincy of Goiás, located in the heart of Portuguese America, during the 18th century. The aim of the research is to investigate how land and water contributed to territorial occupation by Luso-Brazilians, but also by indigenous peoples who were assimilated, annihilated or resisted colonization in different ways. Although the captaincy of Goiás is the focus of our study, the adjacent territories are also included, as the geographical analysis must consider other elements beyond political boundaries. The chronological boundaries also reflect this theoretical and methodological approach: they vary according to the adopted spatial scale. We move from the long term, when studying the configuration of natural elements, to shorter temporalities, that of the actions of individuals who produced colonial territories. The geographical approach makes it possible to exploit elements present in historical sources through digital cartography, which reveals links between morphological aspects (relief, altitude, soil and watersheds) and the uses of land concessions (sesmarias) and the hydrographic network. Historical maps are also employed: they are rich and important sources for understanding colonial representations of the territory of Portuguese America and of indigenous peoples (particularly the Gê). The latter vigorously opposed the Luso-Brazilian invasion, demonstrating that the sertões were not empty spaces, but dynamic, populated and disputed territories
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Mustafa, Muhammad. "Le patrimoine urbain au coeur de l’identité nationale : le cas de la Palestine." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040212.
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Ce travail vise à comprendre comment, dans un espace de guerre, la Palestine, construit un processus de patrimonialisation. Il dévoile les nombreux acteurs de la patrimonialisation ainsi que les stratégies mises en œuvre dans un contexte identitaire compliqué et souvent dramatique. Dans le cadre du travail, le projet de rénovation de la ville d’Al-Khalil illustre, chez les Palestiniens, cette volonté d’affirmation identitaire dans un espace menacé brisé par les guerres, le déplacement et la dépossession par l’occupant israélien. Le patrimoine est lié à la convergence de trois affirmations : identité, territoire et souveraineté. Ici, géographie historique et élaboration d’une conscience patrimoniale sont intimement liées et contribuent à exprimer fortement le fait national palestinien<br>This work aims to understand how Palestine affected by a space war, has launched a processcreating heritage value. It reveals the many actors involved and the strategies implemented in creating acomplex and often dramatic identity. In this framework the renovation project of the city of Al-Khalilillustrates among the Palestinians, the desire to assert identity in an a turbulent landscape shattered bywars, displacement, and dispossession by the Israeli occupation. Heritage relates to the convergence ofthree statements: identity, territory and sovereignty. Here, historical geography and development ofheritage consciousness are intimately linked and contribute to highly express the Palestinian nation
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Paulo, Diana Fernandes. "A evolução territorial da Serra de Sintra." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11201.
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Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia<br>The multidisciplinary study of the landscape characteristics, as well as its evolution allows to understand the influence of human intervention in the landscape. The landscape we observe today is the outcome of the interaction between Man and Nature for centuries. This intensive analysis is of great importance for a conscious reflection on the future.
The Sintra’s Mountain Range is a valuable representation of World Heritage, which connects a continued human occupation since prehistory with an indescribable landscape beauty. The cultural value contained in it is priceless for modern society to understand its development until today, especially for the physical and historical differences presented on the different slopes (north and south) of the hill.
Thus, the elaboration of the present work aims to analyze the evolution of Sintra’s Mountain Range in a holistic way, and infer how the different soil and climatic characteristics intervened in its historical evolution, and also in its physical expression
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FERRIERI, CAPUTI Maria Sole. "Welfare territoriale e contrattazione sociale: problemi e prospettive." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/213026.
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Nel contesto della grande trasformazione del lavoro, è emersa già da alcuni anni, anche la necessità di un’evoluzione degli strumenti e delle infrastrutture che accompagnino i cambiamenti relativi alle dinamiche del mercato del lavoro, alla demografia, alla tecnologia e alla dimensione produttiva e organizzativa dell’impresa. Questi cambiamenti hanno però generato traiettorie di sviluppo differenziato sui territori, a seconda del tessuto sociale ed economico specifico, per cui ad oggi il territorio si configura come l’ambito cruciale in cui rafforzare le infrastrutture a sostegno della competitività e della sostenibilità del lavoro.
La presente ricerca indaga la realtà del welfare territoriale studiando, in particolare, le azioni e le progettualità realizzate con il coinvolgimento delle parti sociali. Attraverso la contrattazione sociale territoriale, si stanno diffondendo partnership pubblico-private che provano a integrare diversi strumenti. Tra questi anche il welfare occupazionale e aziendale, sviluppato per il tramite della contrattazione collettiva, rappresenta uno dei fenomeni più interessanti con cui le parti sociali possono contribuire a integrare e rafforzare il sistema di welfare territoriale nonché a ridefinire le dinamiche di scambio e redistribuzione del valore generato in azienda e sul territorio.
Adottando una prospettiva di relazioni industriali, si offre dunque una lettura funzionale del welfare sviluppato nell’ambito della contrattazione sociale territoriale e della contrattazione collettiva, rispetto a quella che è la sua capacità di contribuire alla ridefinizione di nuovi modelli di welfare territoriale che siano in grado di ricomporre la tensione tra diritti del lavoro e diritti di cittadinanza sociale cercando, altresì, di comprendere quale ruolo stanno giocando in tale processo gli attori della rappresentanza.<br>In the context of the great transformation of work, the need for an evolution of tools and infrastructures to protect people for (and not from) the changes has also emerged for some years now. These changes, however, have generated different development trajectories in the territories, depending on the specific social and economic context, so that today the territory is configured as the crucial area in which to strengthen the infrastructure to support competitiveness and sustainability of work.
This research investigates the reality of territorial welfare, studying, in particular, the actions and projects carried out with the involvement of the social partners. Through territorial social dialogue, public-private partnerships are spreading and are trying to integrate various instruments at the local level. Among these, occupational and corporate welfare, developed through collective bargaining, represents one of the most interesting phenomena with which the social partners can contribute to integrating and strengthening the territorial welfare system as well as redefining the dynamics of exchange and redistribution of the (shared) value generated in the company and in the territory.
Adopting a perspective of industrial relations, we offer a functional reading of the welfare developed within the framework of territorial social dialogue and collective bargaining, with respect to its capacity to contribute to the redefinition of new models of territorial welfare able to recompose the tension between labor rights and rights of social citizenship, also trying to understand what role the actors of representation are playing in this process.
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Merklen, Denis. "Inscription territoriale et action collective : les occupations illégales de terres urbaines depuis les années 1980 en Argentine." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0054.
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Derntl, Maria Fernanda. "Método e arte: criação urbana e organização territorial na capitania de São Paulo, 1765-1811." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-09062010-143444/.
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Este trabalho busca acompanhar a elaboração de uma política de urbanização por meio da análise de iniciativas de criação urbana promovidas na capitania de São Paulo entre 1765 e 1811, detendo-se com mais atenção no período de administração do Morgado de Mateus (1765-1775). O estabelecimento de vilas e povoações é considerado o principal agente de reorganização do território no contexto de afirmação da soberania portuguesa na América do Sul. A análise atenta para o modo como designações emanadas do poder régio procuraram conformar a transformação do território e a produção das formas urbanas. Pretende-se mostrar, entretanto, que práticas, experiências e dinâmicas locais foram determinantes para a definição de uma política de urbanização. Para a elaboração da tese, foram retomados documentos escritos e imagens pertinentes a iniciativas de criação urbana em São Paulo, bem como estudos precedentes, buscando-se identificar possíveis nexos entre as demandas e circunstâncias que se apresentavam em cada situação e as determinações impostas pela administração da capitania. Desse modo, procura-se tratar essa política urbanizadora como um processo desenvolvido num contexto de conflitos mais do que como produto de um projeto predelineado por autoridades metropolitanas.<br>The objective of this study is to cover the development of a policy of urbanization through an analysis of urban creation initiatives undertaken in the captaincy of São Paulo between 1765 and 1811, with special emphasis on the period of the administration of the Morgado de Mateus (1765-1775). The establishment of villages and settlements is considered to be the main factor in the restructuring of this territory, in the context of the assertion of Portuguese sovereignty in South America. The analysis focuses on the manner in which the directives issued by the royal authority attempted to control the transformation of the territory and the production of urban formations. At the sametime, the study intends to show that local customs, experience and dynamics were determining factors in the definition of the policy of urbanization. During the development of this thesis, written documents and images pertaining to creation initiatives for urban areas in São Paulo were researched, as well as previous studies on similar topics, in an attempt to identify possible links between the demands and circumstances presented in each situation and the guidelines imposed by the administration of the captaincy. Thus, this urbanization policy is dealt with as a process developed within a context of conflict rather than as the product of a pre-defined project created by metropolitan authorities.
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Pontes, Alzair Eduardo. "Ocupação territorial e conflitos : o caso do assentamento São Domingos dos Olhos Dágua." Universidade de Taubaté, 2014. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=724.
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O território estudado localiza-se na região sul do estado de Goiás, no município de Morrinhos, e denomina-se Assentamento São Domingos dos Olhos Dágua. O estudo partiu do pressuposto que o território é um espaço onde o poder e a dominação são predominantes. No território desenvolve-se a relação desigual de forças que lutam pelo domínio e apropriação do espaço mediante o controle político-econômico. A conquista de uma fração do território é um trunfo na luta pela terra, que viabiliza o processo de territorialização do próprio combate. Esse processo é entendido, no seu caráter mais geral, na luta contra a expropriação e contra a exploração do desenvolvimento capitalista. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, e por realizar-se em uma localidade onde não existem trabalhos semelhantes ao proposto classifica-se como pesquisa exploratória. Não deixa, porém, de ser uma pesquisa descritiva, pois apresenta características comuns a outras pesquisas que também se enquadram nessa denominação. Em campo realizaram-se 72 entrevistas e foram observados o acervo da CPT, relatórios do INCRA, e atas das entidades ligadas ao PA, com o objetivo de melhor compreender as relações de poder relacionadas à ocupação do território no contexto da reforma agrária em âmbito local. A pesquisa revelou que existem forças antagônicas no processo de ocupação e territorialização do espaço rural, o que torna o território uma zona onde as ações são conflituosas. As políticas públicas implementadas nas últimas décadas foram apenas paliativas, pois, como exposto no estudo, a reforma agrária brasileira ainda não subsidia seus beneficiários de ferramentas e condições para uma produção alternativa frente ao modelo capitalista vigente. Ficou evidente, ainda, que o assentamento é um espaço social complexo, marcado por disputas políticas, em que grupos se interpelam na busca de organizar o território ocupado com práticas sociais e estratégias de luta oriundas dos interesses distintos dos sujeitos sociais participantes do processo, circunstâncias que perpassam por conflitos de várias dimensões no seu interior.<br>The study area is located at the southern region of the state of Goiás, municipality of Morrinhos, and is called São Domingos dos Olhos DAgua Settlement. The study assumed that the territory is an area where power and domination structure social and production relations. The study area shows the unequal balance of forces fighting for dominance and appropriation of space through political and economic control. The conquest of a land fraction is a triumph in the struggle for land. It enables the process of territorialization of the struggle itself. This process is understood in its most general character as the fight against expropriation and exploitation of capitalist development. This is a case study and due to the fact that it was carried out in a municipality where there is no similar work to that proposed here, this research was classified as exploratory. However, it is also a descriptive research because it presents features similar to other studies that also fall under this denomination. Overall, 72 field interviews were performed. In addition, CPT collection, INCRA reports and proceedings of entities linked to PA were searched in order to better understand the power relations related to the occupation of the territory in the context of land reform at local level. The research revealed that there are opposing forces in the process of occupation and territorialization of rural areas, which makes it an area where actions are conflicting and apparently, public policies implemented in recent decades were only palliative, because as reported in this study, land reform in Brazil does not provide beneficiaries with tools and conditions for alternative production in relation to the current capitalist model. It was also evidenced that the settlement is a complex social space marked by political disputes where groups interpellate, seeking to organize the occupied territory through social practices and struggle strategies coming from different interests of social actors participating in the process, circumstances that last through conflicts of various dimensions.
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Remou, Charaf. "Identification et dimension spatio-temporelle des conflits territoriaux dans les projets d'aménagement à Mayotte." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1501/document.
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L’île de Mayotte, un bout de France dans l’océan Indien entre Madagascar et l’Afrique de l’est, est un territoire insuffisamment équipé. Elle a longtemps été victime dans son développement spatial et socio-économique, d’une succession de statuts juridiques jamais stables, ne favorisant pas une politique de développement et d’aménagement. Mais depuis le changement de statut de l’île en collectivité départementale en 2001 (101 ème département français en 2011), Mayotte a entamé sa phase de mutation. Ainsi, le nouvel objectif de l’ile est de rattraper son retard par rapport à la Métropole et aux autres Départements d’Outre-Mer (DOM). Mais ici, plus qu’ailleurs, les projets d’aménagement sont sources de tensions du fait d’une conjonction de nombreux facteurs parmi lesquels le statut du foncier régi par deux juridictions, d’une part, coutumière et d’autre part le droit commun français<br>The island of Mayotte, a piece of France in the Indian Ocean between Madagascar and East Africa, is an insufficiently equipped territory. It was the victim of a succession of never stable legal status, not promoting a policy of planning. But since the change of status of the island in to a departmental authority in 2001 (101 th French department in 2011), Mayotte begain its mutation. Thus, the new goal of the island is to catch up with the metropolis and other Overseas Departments (DOM). But here, more than elsewhere, development projects are a source of tension due to a combination of many factors, including the status of land governed by two jurisdictions, the customary on the one hand, and the French law on the other hand
Książki na temat "Occupation territoriale"
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Cavell, Janice. Acts of occupation: Canada and Arctic sovereignty, 1918-25. UBC Press, 2010.
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Bob, Nicoll, Canada. Human Resources Development Canada. Applied Research Branch., and Forum of Labour Market Ministers (Canada), eds. Inventory of provincial/territorial youth surveys. Applied Research Branch, Strategic Policy, Human Resources Development Canada, 2000.
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Manitoba. Manitoba Education and Training., ed. Labour market jurisdiction study: A provincial/territorial comparison. Manitoba Education and Training, 1990.
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Chin-su, Pae, and Tongbuga Yŏksa Chaedan (Korea), eds. Territorial issues in Europe and East Asia: Colonialism, war occupation, and conflict resolution. Northeast Asian History Foundation, 2009.
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Chin-su, Pae, and Tongbuga Yŏksa Chaedan (Korea), eds. Territorial issues in Europe and East Asia: Colonialism, war occupation, and conflict resolution. Northeast Asian History Foundation, 2009.
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Mora, Manuel Ravest. Ocupación militar de la Araucanía (1861-1883). s.n., 1997.
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Fiebig, Rüdiger. Wehrverwaltung im Einsatz: Ergebnisse der Befragung in der Territorialen Wehrverwaltung, 2010. Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut der Bundeswehr, 2011.
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Alain, Richard, and France. Commissariat général du plan., eds. Compétences transférées aux collectivités territoriales: Action sociale, urbanisme, formation professionnelle. Documentation française, 1985.
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Mission d'appui aux programmes communautaires., ed. Dynamiques de l'emploi et développement territorial, séminaire 13-14-15 juin 1995, Montpellier, France. Grep éditions, 1995.
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Leroux, Jacques. Au pays des peaux de chagrin: Occupation et exploitation territoriales à Kitcisakik (Grand-Lac-Victoria) au XXe siècle. Les Presses de l'Université Laval, 2004.
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Heidenreich, Martin. "Education, Occupational Skills and Social Mobility." In Territorial and Social Inequalities in Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12630-7_9.
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Marjanucz, László. "A földközösség újjáéledése az Alföldön a 18. században." In Fontes et Libri. Szegedi Tudományegyetem, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/btk.2023.sje.14.
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The major issue of the territories liberated from the Turks was the resettlement of the destroyed villages and the establishment of a new hierarchy of the settlements. For the individual and family settlers a whole new range of possibilities opened not bound neither by territorial nor by residential issues. Since there were few settlers and plenty of land, a borderland use based on the idea of free land occupation was developed, which did not allow the formation of a real community. However, the arrival of more settlers resulted in the increase of the number of claimants for land. It was not long before the system of free land occupation had led to confusion and disputes. The solution was to limit the rights of the individual and to cultivate a habit of settling disputes together. First, the freedom of ownership (occupation of land at will) was restricted. The system of common land was born out of this era of sporadic settlement, with its new form of land use regulation. At this level, the village collectively decided how the borderland should be divided and used. In other words, they swapped to a three-field system. By the time the landlord appeared in the villages in the 18th century, an arrangement had already been established and finalized in its new form by the peasantry. The initial balance of mutual dependence (the acceptable weight of the landlord’s burden and the sure collection of the landlord’s due) was tipped by the landlord’s increasing financial interest, which instead of the annual reallocation of the land placed the emphasis on the formation of the plot of land, a kind of permanent individual ownership. Thus, the very essence of the common land, the regulation of ownership ceased, and only the three-field system remained from the era of communal land use
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do Nascimento, Isaac Monteiro, and Eduardo Pessoa de Queiroz. "The Linear Regression Model for Estimate the Price in Crossing Transport Services: Methodology and Application." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_126.
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AbstractThe Brazilian’s urbanization process, allied to the expansion of the economic frontier, which have occurred concomitantly in the last five decades, are responsible for the increase in the number urban settlements and for the increase in the country’s arable area. However, in many cases, transport infrastructure did not keep pace with the process of territorial occupation. In this sense, many highways were provided without the proper instruments for transposing watercourses and many crossing shipping companies emerged. Nowadays, there are ninety federal crossing lines in operation. One of the main issues inherent to these services is the prices charged and the respective affordability. Considering this scenario, the present work selected crossing sample to estimate prices using the Linear Regression Model. The selected model was applied to forecast crossing price in 8 (eight) crossing lines. As result, the price charged in all of them were out of the prediction interval model, indicating that the Regulatory Agency should investigate the reason why they are dissonant to market practices.
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Azarova, Valentina. "An Illegal Territorial Regime? On the Occupation and Annexation of Crimea as a Matter of International Law." In The Use of Force against Ukraine and International Law. T.M.C. Asser Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-222-4_3.
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Martín Viso, Ińaki. "Central Places and the Territorial Organization of Communities: The Occupation of Hilltop Sites in Early Medieval Northern Castile." In Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Brepols Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.sem-eb.3.3752.
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ESCAFFRE, Fabrice, Mélanie GAMBINO, and Sinda HAOUÈS-JOUVE. "Une approche territoriale des espaces urbains entre durabilité et habitabilité." In Gestion intégrée de l’environnement urbain et résilience. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9077.ch3.
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Les enjeux urbains qui apparaissent avec les problèmes de durabilité concernant la ville mais aussi les conditions d’habitabilité qui lui sont associés posent le problème de l’urbanisation comprise ici dans sa diversité et dans sa multiplicité. Entre mobilité, habitat, occupation des zones agricoles productives et la pression de plus en plus forte du changement climatique, l’émergence de la ville durable devient un impératif.
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Clerc, Lydie. "Occupation de l’espace et exploitation territoriale sur la façade littorale de Guyane." In Territoires et économies. Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.psorbonne.5926.
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Pinfold, Rob Geist. "Occupation and Exit beyond Israel." In Understanding Territorial Withdrawal. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197658857.003.0008.
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Abstract Chapter 7 focuses on the American withdrawal from its occupation of Hispaniola, a process that entails two exits: from the Dominican Republic in 1924 and from Haiti in 1934. It thus serves as a probability probe that tests the utility of the arenas of bargaining framework for understanding occupation and exit beyond Israel. Equally, the relative lack of attention afforded to these early US occupations and exits presents a compelling case for further study. This chapter finds that the patterns of bargaining that characterized each Israeli withdrawal also manifested in Hispaniola. For instance, violence within the occupied territories delegitimized the US presence in Hispaniola, creating a pro-withdrawal consensus in the international and domestic arenas, which in turn led to an exit. Similarly, the US left the Dominican Republic first, while entrenching itself in Haiti. Thus, this chapter illustrates that the arenas of bargaining framework possesses generalizable explanatory value.
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Gathii, James Thuo. "The Effect of Occupation on Private Property and Contract Rights." In War, Commerce, and International Law. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195341027.003.0003.
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Abstract This chapter examines the effect of occupation on private property and contract rights within the context of the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. In doing so, I examine how the treatment of private property in the Iraqi occupation compares and contrasts with Japanese, Italian, and German occupations after World War II. Furthermore, I show how non-European occupations have been characterized by a disregard of occupation rules safeguarding private property as opposed to European occupations. This disregard of the private property under occupation is similar to the disregard with reference to territorial acquisitions of a much earlier period, which I addressed in Chapter 2. In this chapter, I also demonstrate the importance placed on the private property of Europeans in non-European contexts and the lack of focus on the private property rights of non-Europeans. It is therefore not surprising that, following the U.S.-led conquest of Iraq in early 2003, most scholarly and press coverage focused on the status of foreign corporations’ property in Iraq before the war.
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Pinfold, Rob Geist. "The Framework and the Milieu." In Understanding Territorial Withdrawal. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197658857.003.0002.
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Abstract Chapter 1 proposes an analytical framework for understanding territorial withdrawal. It notes that existing literature has traditionally fixated on either “tangible” economic, strategic, and material factors; or “intangible” ideational and subjective territorial value. Recent works of territorial conflict have integrated these competing variable-types and levels of analysis. The chapter corresponds to this trend, by developing an analytical framework for understanding the multivariate nature of occupation and exit. It demonstrates that withdrawal is a complex problem, whose understanding requires a framework that embraces, rather than downplays, its multifaceted nature. Correspondingly, it delineates the “arenas of bargaining” framework that is held constant throughout the book, before applying this framework to the Israeli milieu. As such, it provides a brief history of Israeli territorial policy. It also demonstrates that interactions within and between the three arenas of bargaining have consistently determined Israeli security policy and its approach to occupations and exits.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Occupation territoriale"
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Gomes, Ramon Fortunato, and Ricardo Batista Bitencourt. "PADRÕES MORFOLÓGICOS, CONFIGURAÇÕES ESPACIAIS E HISTÓRIA NA FRONTEIRA: Análise nos municípios de Paranhos (BR) e Ypejhú (PY)." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12498.
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The research has as object of study Paranhos (BR) located in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and Ypejhú (PY) located in the Department of Canindeyú, cities located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. It seeks to understand regional population flows, territorial conflicts and their dynamics, leveraged by the economics of agricultural expansion. It aims to search for references of territorial occupations and to identify similarities or distinctions in the observed morphological patterns. The hypothesis is that the strengthening of the economy, followed by agricultural expansion, intensified socio-spatial conflicts in the Guarani-Kaiowá indigenous territories and contributed to the formation of different spatial configurations on both sides of the border. The method of analysis was through historical, bibliographical and field research and examination of satellite images available on Google Earth. Thus, the results pointed to the identification of relevant spatial arrangements and territorial conformations as well as historical details that helped to answer research questions. Keywords: urban form; Space settings; borders. A pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo Paranhos (BR) localizada no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e Ypejhú (PY) situada no Departamento de Canindeyú, cidades localizadas na fronteira entre Brasil e Paraguai. Busca compreender os fluxos populacionais regionais, os conflitos territoriais e suas dinâmicas, alavancadas pela econômica da expansão agrícola. Tem como objetivo buscar referências de ocupações territoriais e identificar similaridades ou distinções nos padrões morfológicos observados. Como hipótese coloca-se que o fortalecimento da economia, sucedido da expansão agrícola acirrou conflitos sócio espaciais nos territórios indígenas Guarani-Kaiowá e contribuiu na formação de diferentes configurações espaciais nos dois lados da fronteira. O método da análise foi por meio da pesquisa histórica, bibliográfica, de campo e do exame em imagens de satélite disponíveis no Google Earth. Assim, os resultados apontaram para a identificação de arranjos espaciais e conformações territoriais relevantes assim como detalhes históricos que ajudaram a responder questões de investigação. Palabras clave: forma urbana; configurações espaciais; fronteiras.
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Sammartino, Mariana Silvina. "Lineamientos para la definición de un modo de crecimiento urbano sostenible: el Caso de Mendoza (Argentina), provincia de tierras secas." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6333.
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Actualmente, la globalización está generando procesos territoriales que modifican sustancialmente los sistemas urbanos.
 En Mendoza, los procesos de ocupación han generado un territorio fragmentando producto de la interacción histórica naturaleza-sociedad, existiendo espacios dominantes (los oasis) sobre otros dominados (las tierras secas no irrigadas).
 Esto ha producido un modelo territorial de concentración difusa desequilibrada, reflejo de una región subdesarrollada con una estructura espacial muy jerarquizada y un predominio de urbanización difusa, fuertemente concentrada en los oasis. Sólo el 3% de la superficie provincial de tierras secas posee riego donde, gracias a la sistematización y el aprovechamiento integral del agua, conviven los centros urbanos y las actividades productivas.
 Por presentar las ciudades como modo preponderante de crecimiento la extensión de la mancha urbana sobre las escasas tierras secas irrigadas, se procede a formular lineamientos tendientes a definir un modo de crecimiento urbano sostenible para Mendoza, provincia de tierras secas. Currently, globalization is creating processes that substantially alter territorial urban systems.
 In Mendoza, the processes of occupation have generated a territory fragmenting product of the historical interaction between nature and society, existing dominant spaces (oases) dominated over other (non-irrigated drylands).
 This has been a model of unbalanced territorial concentration diffuse reflection of an underdeveloped region with a very hierarchical spatial structure and a predominance of urban sprawl, heavily concentrated in the oases. Only 3% of the provincial surface irrigation has drylands where, thanks to the systematic and comprehensive use of water, urban centers and live productive activities.
 By presenting the cities as dominant growth mode expansion of the urban area on the few irrigated drylands, we proceed to develop guidelines aimed at defining a sustainable way of urban growth for Mendoza province dryland.
3
Lorinc, Balazs, and Jozsef Kaposzta. "Examining spatial differences in high-prestige employment in Hungary, 2011-2022." In 23rd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2024.23.tf075.
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The structural economic development in the cyclical period of the last decade has generated profound social changes in the Member States of the European Union, including Hungary. High-technology developments, the rise of digitalisation and the demand for highly skilled employment have had a marked impact on changes in labour market needs. The question arises: how do the changing employment trends generated by the development of the national economy affect the situation of sub-national regions? Do regional disparities increase as a result of the absorptive effects of central regions? In our study, we investigated spatial economic correlations that focused on spatial differentials in the social strata working in high-prestige occupations. Our results show that these processes have led to the identification of areas which can be defined as employment centres, since the spatial location of these areas will be an inevitable factor in the development of various spatial development strategies. In our study, we conducted our analyses using occupational statistics from the 2011 and 2022 Hungarian censuses at LAU1 territorial level. The data set used was restricted and compiled on the basis of the Hungarian Standard Classification of Occupations (HCSO-08) of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. The main results of our analysis also show that human capital is a crucial factor in promoting economic development and reducing regional disparities, as the social structure needed to avoid the middle-income trap is considered a strategic factor in these employment trends.
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Gómez Cavazos, Enrique Esteban. "The route of company towns in Lower California: historic centers and industrial heritage." In Virtual City and Territory. Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8120.
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Company towns in the peninsula of Baja California can be considered a tool for urban development from the late nineteenth till early twentieth century. The Mexican Government used the industrialization in northern Mexico as a strategy of economic occupation, a great challenge to occupy a peninsula scarcely populated. Major territorial concessions to foreign companies allow them to settle large industries, to build up company towns and industrial cities. In the article I analyze the occupation and development policy of this part of Mexico showing 10 cases where companies mapped cities in this territory. I defend the hypothesis that these cities may have new development opportunities due to the rich industrial heritage they contain.
5
Meimers, Ingus. "Ieguldījumu aizsardzība okupētajās un kara postītajās teritorijās." In Latvijas Universitātes 81. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.81.03.
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As a result of the occupation and annexation of Crimea, Ukrainian investors have filed several investment claims against Russia. These cases have raised, among other things, the question of what investment treaties, if any, are applicable in the occupied territory. In answering this question, the current paper first examines the obligations of the occupier under the law of occupation vis-à-vis the investment treaty obligations pertaining to occupied state. Recent arbitral decisions upholding arbitral jurisdiction in the Crimean context suggest that the Russian investment treaty norms are applicable in the occupied territory. The paper then critically examines the interpretation of the term “territory”. It finds that the territorial application of treaties may, without violating other rules of international law, be extended to foreign territories under the effective control of a contracting state. Despite the politically grave consequences that such an interpretation could have for the entrenchment of occupation, independent legal review of measures taken by occupying States is to be welcomed.
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Ros, Marcos, and Fernando Miguel García. "Stages of territorial configuration in the non-planned occupation of the Huerta de Murcia, 1929-2015." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6281.
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The “Huerta de Murcia” is an agricultural area of about 10,000 Ha in size, originated in the ninth century, and linked to an extensive network of canals dependent from Segura River. Such system provides a much divided and fragmented agrarian morphology, around the city of Murcia, in the southeast of Spain, basically dedicated to the agriculture. The city of Murcia has experimented an important growth in the last five decades, substituting hundreds of hectares of agrarian land, into urban. But even more important than this, the periurban area has suffered along the past 90 years a periurbanization process, caused by the unscheduled appearance of buildings. Most of them have emerged in the last 4 decades, whose use is mainly family housing and holyday homes, and have not been planned by standard planning procedures. This causes a spontaneous phenomenon of dispersed territory occupation. The paper shows, through an analysis methodology based on orto-photographical series and cadastral data, the existence of different stages along the studied period (1929-2015). These stages are substantially different each other in two ways: the patterns and zones affected by this process, on one hand, and the intensity of this process, which vary along each studied period, on the other hand. The analyses of these patterns, as well as a proposed classification, and the quantification of the process in each period, are the subjects of the paper, which allows authors to set appropriate relations between the city of Murcia and its periurban territory, to afford the globalization age.
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Pastore Hernández, Verónica. "Constelaciones urbanas: apuntes sobre la forma de las relaciones sistémicas en el territorio." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5925.
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La presente reflexión se propone avanzar sobre la construcción de una herramienta centrada en la lectura de las relaciones que definen la imagen del territorio. Una mirada que interpreta las dinámicas que operan
 en la ocupación del territorio entendido como un sistema abierto, sus componentes, su funcionamiento y la constante transformación de su espacio. Las Constelaciones Urbanas son entendidas entonces, como Unidades de Actuación; una herramienta para el diagnóstico y el proyecto territorial con miras a la identificación de una nueva territorialidad. This thesis aims the construction of a tool focused on the territory readings that define relationships. It intends to be a perspective that interprets the territory occupation dynamics as an open system, its
 components and functioning and its constant spatial transformation. The urban Constellations are understood, then, as Action Units, a tool for diagnosis and territorial projects, looking for the identification of a new territoriality.
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Prudente, Letícia Thurmann. "Interface rural-urbana no planejamento territorial: caso do Assentamento Rural Marapicú na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6229.
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O território contemporâneo é complexo e repleto de conflitos entre diferentes agentes produtores de espaço, principalmente em espaços de interface rural-urbana. Os conceitos de rural e urbano foram historicamente construídos a través de definições que priorizaram o urbano e desconsideraram o rural, promovendo uma visão urbano-centrada no planejamento territorial no Brasil. Oartigo objetiva analisar o papel de um assentamento rural como um espaço de interface rural-urbana dentro de uma região metropolitana brasileira, usando como estudo de caso o Assentamento Marapicú, localizado no periurbano da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. São apresentadas algumas questões conceituais e descrito o processo de ocupação e de planejamento desse território.São múltiplas as facetas do rural, do urbano e suas interfaces, contudo ainda há uma visão homogeneizada de território no Brasil. A proposta é ampliar este debate, explicitando os conflitos de uso e ocupação do solo na produção do espaço. The contemporary territory is complex and full of conflicts between different agents producing space, mainly in areas of rural-urban interface. The rural and urban concepts were historically constructed through settings that prioritized the urban space and disregarded rural space, promoting an urban-centric view in territorial planning in Brazil. This study analyzes the role of a rural settlement as a rural-urban interface space within a Brazilian metropolitan region, using as a case study the settlement Marapicú, located in the peri-urbans paces of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. Some conceptual issues are presented and described the process of occupation and planning that territory. There are multiple facets of rural, urban and their interfaces, however there is still a homogenized view of territory in Brazil. The proposal is to extend this debate, explaining conflicts of use and occupation in the production of space.
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Díaz Terreno, Fernando. "Constelaciones rurales serranas: lógicas de ocupación del territorio y modelos de orden en el Norte de Traslasierra, Córdoba, Argentina." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5957.
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Un conjunto de lecturas intencionadas, arrojadas sobre un antiguo paisaje cordobés, develan las lógicas de
 ocupación desarrolladas a lo largo de siglos de construcción territorial, que resultan de la combinación de
 pautas culturales de dominio y explotación del espacio, recursos técnicos disponibles y condiciones que el
 medio natural impone. De dichos procesos emergen modelos de orden territorial que, como síntesis
 operativa del trabajo humano acumulado en el territorio, reúnen -en su propia conformación material- las
 claves de futuros criterios de ordenación. A la manera de estructuras constelares, los modelos de orden
 expresan una forma de organización espacial y un tipo de ruralidad específicos del Norte de Traslasierra. El
 objetivo es arribar a un conocimiento profundo de este territorio postergado, evidenciar sus recursos
 culturales y paisajísticos y, a través de ellos, construir una narrativa del territorio que lo resitúe en el mapa
 de las regiones cordobesas. A set of intentioned readings made on an ancient Córdoba’s landscape reveal the occupation logics developed over centuries of territorial construction. These logics result from the combination of cultural ways
 of domination and exploitation of space, technical resources available and the natural landscape conditions imposed. From these processes, models of territorial order emerge as operational synthesis from the
 accumulation of human labor in the territory, gathering -in their own material structure- the key for future planning criteria. Just like constellation structures, order models express a form of spatial organization and some type of rurality specific from Northern Trasla
 sierra. The aim is to arrive at a deep understanding of this postponed territory, show its cultural and natural resources and, through those, build a territorial narrative
 that places them back on the map of Córdoba’s regions.
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de Resende Neves, Francisa Joana, and Ana Lídia Virtudes. "GIS model for management of expansion areas: the case of Belmonte." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7536.
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Um dos mais importantes desempenhos dos Municípios em Portugal passa, em grande escala, pela gestão territorial, tarefa que tem vindo a enfrentar alguns obstáculos quanto à sua eficácia. Estes obstáculos têm relevância acrescida devido a lacunas na gestão de áreas de expansão urbana, tradicionalmente dispersas que correspondem aos espaços contíguos às zonas urbanas consolidadas,historicamente compactas para onde estas se poderão expandir.
 Ora, é precisamente nas áreas de expansão urbana, caracterizadas pelas baixas densidades, quer populacional quer habitacional, onde freqüentemente permanecem atividades de cariz dominante não urbano, de índole agrícola, que são entendidas como locais de reserva para o crescimento urbano futuro, que se registra uma maior dinâmica nas alterações de ocupação e utilização do território, em resultado da forte iniciativa privada. Esta iniciativa é freqüentemente morosa na sua execução e ineficaz quanto à continuidade com a envolvente, devido à deficiente informação disponibilizada pelo Município quanto às
 regras urbanísticas vigentes, ou devido ao deficiente entendimento dessas mesmas regras por parte dos agentes privados. Conseqüentemente, poder-se-á referir que a inexistência de um modelo de gestão territorial, organizado e simples que possa disponibilizar de forma eficaz a informação quanto às regras de ocupação e utilização do solo vigente, quer na óptica dos munícipes na sua iniciativa privada de intervir no território, quer na óptica do Município na sua tarefa técnica de fazer cumprir essas mesmas regras, tem vindo a agravar esta problemática, designadamente, dificultando a monetarização do processo.
 Verifica-se, assim, a necessidade de evoluir no modo de disponibilizar ao cidadão toda a informação relativa às possibilidades de ocupação e utilização do solo, incluindo as faculdades de edificar e de urbanizar, como as condicionantes que limitam o direito de propriedade e o uso do solo, provenientes dos conteúdos conceptuais dos instrumentos de gestão territorial de âmbito municipal. 
 Atualmente, os vários instrumentos utilizados na gestão do território, a nível municipal, têm vindo a ser acompanhados com alguns softwares em desenvolvimento, como os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, capazes de expor com maior facilidade e eficácia uma quantidade cada vez maior e mais complexa de informação, num processo moroso. Com este tipo de aplicações é possível, por exemplo, sobrepor a um Ortofotomapa de uma determinada parcela do território, a informação proveniente do elemento chave da gestão territorial de âmbito municipal, o Plano Diretor Municipal, das suas cartas de condicionantes, mapas da rede hidrográfica entre outras.
 Este artigo apresenta um modelo de gestão territorial aplicado às áreas de expansão urbana do conselho de Belmonte, localizado no interior do país junto à fronteira com a Espanha, recorrendo a uma base dedados e aos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica. Este modelo pretende servir de apoio à iniciativa privada bem como ao Município ao qual competirá assegurar a sua monitorização. *** ENG: One of the most important jobs of the Municipal Town Hall (MTH) is, largely, to manage the territory, which is something which has its difficulties along the way. These obstacles are even more relevant considering there are gaps in the management of areas where there is urban expansion, traditionally scattered; diversec ty; which correspond to the spaces adjacent to the consolidated urban areas, historically compact city
 into which these will be able to expand.
 It is precisely in the areas of urbane expansion, characterized by low densities, both in terms of population and housing, where frequently activities of a non-urban nature, of agricultural nature for example, which are considered as areas of future urban growth, which register a greater dynamic in the alterations of occupation and utilization of the territory, as a result of a strong private initiative. This initiative is frequently slow in its execution and ineffective with regards to continuity with the surroundings, due to the defective
 available information by the Local authority (MTH) with regard to the town planning rules in force, or due to the defective understanding of the same rules on the part of the private agents.
 As a result, we could say that the inexistence of any kind of territorial management model, organised and simple, and which could efficiently provide information regarding the rules of occupation and utilization, whether it be in the sight of the municipality in its private enterprise in the territory, or whether it be in the sight of the municipality in its technical role to enforce the keeping of these same rules, has come to aggravate this very issue, namely, making more difficult the monitoring of the process. 
 In this we can confirm the necessity to evolve in the manner of making available to the citizen all the town planning information relative the possibilities of occupation and utilization of the land, including the facilities to build and urbanize as well as the conditioning factors which limit and rights of the owner in the occupation and utilization of the land, originating from the conceptual contents of the instruments of territorial management of the municipality. 
 At present, the various instruments used in the management of territory in Portugal, on a municipal level,have come to be accompanied by various software currently being developed, such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS), able to expose with greater ease and efficiency a growing quantity and greater complexity of information, in a slow process. With these types of applications it is possible, for example, to superimpose an Ortophotomap of a determined piece of the territory, the information originating from the key element of the territorial management of municipal extent, the Municipal Director Plan, of its letters of restrictions, maps of the hydrographical network amongst other such things.
 This article presents a model of territorial management applied to the areas of expansion of the district of Belmonte, located in the interior of the country close to the border with Spain, resorting to a data base and to the Geographical Information Systems. This model intends to serve as a support to the private enterprise as well as to the Local authority to which it will compete to secure its monitoring.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Occupation territoriale"
1
Foster, Stephanie, Amy M. Lavery, Suzanne K. Condon, et al. Guidelines for examining unusual patterns of cancer and environmental concerns. National Center for Environmental Health (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:122695.
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) provide scientific guidance to state, tribal, local, and territorial (STLT) health departments related to environmental health concerns. The guidelines presented here update the 2013 publication, “Investigating Suspected Cancer Clusters and Responding to Community Concerns: Guidelines from the CDC and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE)”.1 In general, STLT health departments play the primary role in examining unusual patterns of cancer in communities, including those associated with local environmental concerns. These guidelines expand the approach for these investigations. Occupation-related clusters are not included in these guidelines. Publication date from document properties. CS336302-A Guidelines-for-Examining-Unusual-Patterns-of-Cancer-and-Environmental-Concerns-h.pdf