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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "On-board diagnostics II"
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Sahana H S, Ms. "Onboard Vehicle Diagnosis Fault Monitoring System Using IoT for Electric Vehicle." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem47828.
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Abstract— The paper proposes a user-friendly cloud-based data acquisition and analytics system for vehicle diagnostic monitoring in real time. The vehicle's condition is assessed using the Onboard diagnostics (OBD) framework and the report is sent to the mobile of the driver via wifi on detection of unsafe and anomalous events in real time. Vehicle parameter values are instantaneously uploaded to the server. The smartphone app also visualizes data from the sensor and also generates warnings in real time. Keywords: Internet of Vehicles, On-board diagnostics (OBD), Vehicle self-diagnosing system, Reporting capability, Vehicle owner, Repair technician access, Vehicle subsystems, Diagnostic information, On-board vehicle computers, OBD II engine parameters.
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Dr, Porag Kalita PhD*1 &. Mr Alakesh Kalita2. "POWER TRAIN AND EMISSION CONTROLS IN PASSENGER VEHICLES: STUDY OF EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ( EGR)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 2 (2018): 258–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1173460.
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The goal of the On Board Diagnostics is to alert the driver to the presence of a malfunction of the emission control system, and to identify the location of the problem in order to assist mechanics in properly performing repairs. In addition, the On Board Diagnostics ( OBD-II) system should illuminate the malfunction indicator light ( MIL) and store the trouble code in the computer memory for all malfunction that will contribute to increased HC emissions. Therefore, the power train is controlled by the power train control module (PCM) computer to deliver the required torque to the vehicle requested by the driver and to limit the vehicle emissions to the required minimum to meet Environment Protection Agency, USA regulations. On Board Diagnostics regulations in the USA, special reference to Light and Medium duty I.C. Engine vehicles and California Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Board ( MVOCB), the following OBD-II requirements are in force, i.e. # All vehicles emission systems and components that can affect emissions must be monitored. Malfunctions must be detected before emissions exceed 1.5 times the standard specified by EPA. # Malfunction must be detected within 2 driving cycle. If a Malfunction defected a Malfunction Indicator Light illuminated. Increasing temperature inside the cylinder, HC and CO may reduce, but does not reduce the NOx. Therefore, NOx can reduce by the application of Exhaust gas Re-Circulation (EGR). NOx control system that recycles a small part of the inert exhaust gas back through the manifold to lower the combustion temperature and this system is called Exhaust Gas Re-Circulation system
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NIKITIN, DMYTRO, and OLEKSANDR RYBITSKYI. "INTEGRATION OF OBD-II VEHICLE DIAGNOSTICS WITH FINITE STATE MACHINE SOFTWARE DESIGN." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 349, no. 2 (2025): 293–300. https://doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2025-349-43.
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This research presents an innovative approach to integrating On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II) vehicle diagnostic systems with finite state machine (FSM) software design methodologies. The study addresses the growing complexity of modern vehicle diagnostic systems and proposes a novel framework that combines real-time vehicle diagnostics with automated software control systems. By leveraging FSM-based architectures, this research seeks to enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce false detections, and provide a scalable solution adaptable to various vehicle models and driving conditions. The integration of FSM principles enables dynamic adaptation to varying system states, improving fault detection capabilities while ensuring reliable system behavior under different operating conditions. A critical challenge in OBD-II diagnostics is the accurate classification and interpretation of fault data. Traditional diagnostic methods often rely on predefined static threshold rules, which can lead to a high rate of false positives or undetected issues due to their inability to adapt to changing environmental and operational conditions. FSM-based architectures offer a more systematic approach to modeling dynamic system behavior, allowing the diagnostic system to transition between states based on real-time sensor data. This research introduces a novel FSM-enhanced diagnostic system, incorporating probabilistic state transitions and machine learning-based adjustments. By integrating probabilistic models, the system can adjust state transition dynamically, thereby refining fault classification accuracy and improving adaptability to fault scenarios. The proposed methodology enables more efficient fault detection and prediction, reducing the likelihood of erroneous diagnostics. The research presents a comprehensive mathematical framework for modeling FSM state transitions, ensuring precise representation of the system’s dynamic behavior. It also develops algorithms for adaptive fault classification, leveraging machine learning techniques to continuously optimize diagnostic performance. To validate the proposed approach, simulations and empirical testing are conducted on various vehicle datasets.
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Grzesik, Norbert. "F-16 Virtual Cockpit: A Project on Computer-Aided Learning and the Application of Integrated Diagnostics: Part II." Solid State Phenomena 220-221 (January 2015): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.220-221.200.
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Part II of the publication concerns the next module of the project on the virtual cockpit. It is a very useful and handy educational tool for young flying adepts and ground personnel who can improve their knowledge about F-16 on-board operations on avionics and armament systems. The students (pilots and technicians) can also get familiar with integrated on-board diagnostics subsystems. Moreover, the paper examines a possibility of analysing malfunctions and faults faced during flight and within the process of maintenance.
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Yousuf, Chilonga, and Mkandawire Mtende. "Vehicle health inspection with enhanced auto diagnostics and maintenance." i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 1 (2024): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jme.14.1.20758.
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This paper provides a comprehensive and cost-effective solution for automotive health maintenance and diagnostics. The software performs checks and analyses of key vehicle parameters through the use of the OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics-II) port on the car. The port has to be physically connected to an interface called the ELM327 Bluetooth or Wi-Fi module that connects to the Android device running the software through Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. On a successful connection, the user can use the software to check the status of electronic control units (ECUs) throughout the vehicle to point out malfunctioning components and change the configurations of some of these electronic control units. The vehicle reports back a log with Diagnostics Trouble Codes (DTCs) that indicates the number of problems that have been found, if there are any.
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Bysani, Chaitanya, T. S. Rama Krishna Prasad, and Sridhar Chundi. "Raspberry Pi for Commercial Applications." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 2 (2013): 2250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v11i2.1179.
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The objective of this paper is to create a low cost commercial off the shelf data analyzer for improving automotive safety and design a user interface infotainment system by using Raspberry Pi. In this paper we propose Raspberry pi based application that monitor the vehicle ECUs through an OBD-II(On Board Diagnostics) interface, perform Diagnostics with DTCs (Diagnostics trouble codes). Infotainment system having functions such as audio and video playback, games, internet connectivity through either USB Wi-Fi dongles or USB Modems and dashboard camera operation. Raspberry Pi will transmit the data over Wi-Fi in real-time in xml format over Wi-Fi on a DHCP connected network.
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O, Savchuk, Morgal O, and Muliarchuk A. "Logical Methods Usage in Diagnostics of the Multi-agents Air-conditioning System." Artificial Intelligence 29, AI.2024.29(4) (2024): 242–55. https://doi.org/10.15407/jai2024.04.242.
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The possibility of cooperative agents usage for the on-board air conditioning system research and diagnosis is considered. A logical model for type I and II faults searching is proposed. This work provides an opportunity to master the practical knowledge and skills the first and second types logical models building to obtaining a minimum test of performance and finding malfunctions and damages the place at complex information systems development, operation and maintenance the stages. An algorithm has been developed that combines the development a generalized I type logical model from the system functional circuit input side and the subsequent construction II type a logical model from its free outputs. The deep learning metod allows to increase the accuracy of the model, the speed of finding faults, predicting and preventing accidents
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Ramai, Clarence, Veeresh Ramnarine, Shankar Ramharack, Sanjay Bahadoorsingh, and Chandrabhan Sharma. "Framework for Building Low-Cost OBD-II Data-Logging Systems for Battery Electric Vehicles." Vehicles 4, no. 4 (2022): 1209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles4040064.
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With the electrification of transport (BEVs) and the growing benefits of smart vehicles, there is a need for a simple solution to perform real-time monitoring of the BEV and its battery for diagnostics and coordinated charging. The On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) system, originally designed for internal combustion engine cars (ICE), can be used to extract the necessary BEV data. This paper presents a developed framework for a low-cost solution to online monitoring of BEVs. A Raspberry Pi Zero W, along with other auxiliary components, was installed in two Hyundai Ioniq Battery Electric cars to communicate with the vehicles via the OBD-II port. A python script was developed to periodically request the vehicle data by sending various Parameter IDs to the vehicles and storing the raw response data. A web server was created to process the hexadecimal encoded data and visualize the data on a dashboard. The key parameters, such as the battery state of health (SOH), state of charge (SOC), battery temperature, cell voltages and cumulative energy consumption, were successfully captured and recorded, which can now facilitate trending for battery diagnostics and future integration with smart chargers for coordinated charging.
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Durbin, Thomas D., and Joseph M. Norbeck. "The Effects of Repairs on Tailpipe Emissions for On-Board Diagnostics II-Equipped Vehicles with the Malfunction Indicator Light Illuminated." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 52, no. 9 (2002): 1054–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2002.10470847.
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Thatipamula, Sai, Muhammad Aadil Khan, and Simona Onori. "On-Board Diagnostics for Li-Ion Batteries Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)-Based Health Estimation Models." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 53 (2024): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01532802mtgabs.
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There exists a growing need for standardized On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) for electric vehicles [1] to provide accurate health metrics and guarantees to both consumers and manufacturers. Previous work has shown the powerful LIB capacity-based State-of-Health (SoH) estimation capability of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and data-driven models [2] [3]. Since EIS measurements are dependent not only on SoH but also State-of-Charge (SoC) and temperature [4], it is important that the measurements are conducted after the cell reaches an equilibrium, and that these other variables are also tracked. Although EIS measurements are somewhat quicker than some traditional capacity-determination experimental methods, the time taken for such measurements is not insignificant. Therefore, building a pipeline to determin the EIS frequency measurements most important for SoH estimation is an important task in developing a suitable EIS-based OBD. By exploring a frequency range between 0.1 and 200 Hz, we study EIS measurements related to diffusion and charge transfer processes in LIB operation [5], with each process being partially distinguishable due to their varying timescales. In this work, using EIS data collected from 5Ah LIBs with an NMC-111 cathode and a graphite anode at various SoCs (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) and cell lifetime (0, 10, 20, 40 and 90 days) as input features, we develop sequential, data-driven health estimation models for LIBs. The 22 cells used for this analysis have been aged over a period of 90 days in two different ways: either through active cycling at different C-rates (0.2 and 1C) and temperatures (0, 25 and 40⁰C), or passive “calendar aging” where the cells are left without use at a specific temperature and SOC. Using feature attribution techniques (Shapley values, feature occlusion, etc.), we find the most influential of the frequency ranges in the EIS measurements that relate strongly with cell performance degradation. To develop a streamlined and efficient SoH estimation framework, we formulate an optimization problem to find the EIS experimental design in terms of frequency ranges that delivers maximum accuracy in SoH estimation at different points in the lifetime of the cell. These streamlined and optimized EIS experimental designs and SoH estimation models can be used directly in the development of rapid and efficient on-board diagnostic tools. References: [1] California Air Resources Board. (2023). Advanced Clean Cars II. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/advanced-clean-cars-program/advanced-clean-cars-ii [2] Zhang, Yunwei, et al. "Identifying degradation patterns of lithium ion batteries from impedance spectroscopy using machine learning." Nature communications 11.1 (2020): 1706. [3] Jiang, Bo, et al. "A comparative study of different features extracted from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in state of health estimation for lithium-ion batteries." Applied Energy 322 (2022): 119502. [4] Mc Carthy, Kieran, et al. "Use of impedance spectroscopy for the estimation of Li-ion battery state of charge, state of health and internal temperature." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 168.8 (2021): 080517. [5] Pastor-Fernández, Carlos, et al. "Identification and quantification of ageing mechanisms in Lithium-ion batteries using the EIS technique." 2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC). IEEE, 2016.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "On-board diagnostics II"
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Pihrt, Patrik. "Aplikace pro extrakci a analýzu jízdních dat z OBD-II na iOS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445487.
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This project aims to create a mobile application for iOS devices that provide valuable information about user's car rides. Needed data are obtained by ELM327 located in OBD-II scanner which can communicate with the car. Obtained data are analyzed using table of limits. The application informs riders about their driving mistakes and giving them tips how to fix them. Trips can be saved and exported in the form of logbook. In addition application includes diagnostic functions that can be found in every other diagnostic application.
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MASSOUD, RANA. "Eco-friendly Naturalistic Vehicular Sensing and Driving Behaviour Profiling." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1003486.
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Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are spurring of serious games that support training directly in the field. This PhD implements field user performance evaluators usable in reality-enhanced serious games (RESGs) for promoting fuel-efficient driving. This work proposes two modules – that have been implemented by processing information related to fuel-efficient driving – to be employed as real-time virtual sensors in RESGS. The first module estimates and assesses instantly fuel consumption, where I compared the performance of three configured machine learning algorithms, support vector regression, random forest and artificial neural networks. The experiments show that the algorithms have similar performance and random forest slightly outperforms the others. The second module provides instant recommendations using fuzzy logic when inefficient driving patterns are detected. For the game design, I resorted to the on-board diagnostics II standard interface to diagnostic circulating information on vehicular buses for a wide diffusion of a game, avoiding sticking to manufacturer proprietary solutions. The approach has been implemented and tested with data from the enviroCar server site. The data is not calibrated for a specific car model and is recorded in different driving environments, which made the work challenging and robust for real-world conditions. The proposed approach to virtual sensor design is general and thus applicable to various application domains other than fuel-efficient driving. An important word of caution concerns users’ privacy, as the modules rely on sensitive data, and provide information that by no means should be misused.
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Κρίβας, Ανδρέας, та Εμμανουήλ Γιατράκης. "Μελέτη συστήματος διαγνωστικών αυτοκινήτων (OBD-II)". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/7766.
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Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία σχεδιάστηκε, μελετήθηκε και υλοποιήθηκε ένα σύστημα διαγνωστικών αυτοκινήτου ή αλλιώς ένα σύστημα On Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II), όπως είναι η διεθνής του ονομασία. Ένα τέτοιο σύστημα έχει καταστεί απαραίτητο, λόγω της πολυπλοκότητας των αυτοκινήτων σήμερα, σε μια ευρεία κατηγορία επαγγελματιών, που ξεκινάει από τους κατασκευαστές αυτοκινήτου μέχρι και το κάθε συνεργείο, αλλά και τον εκάστοτε ιδιώτη. Κύριοι στόχοι του είναι η πληροφόρηση του χρήστη για οποιαδήποτε παράμετρο του οχήματος και ο εντοπισμός και η ένδειξη τυχόν βλαβών.
Για την επίτευξη των στόχων αυτών, σχεδιάστηκε και υλοποιήθηκε με τη μορφή πλακέτας ένα σύστημα το οποίο είναι υπεύθυνο για τη σωστή αποστολή και λήψη των μηνυμάτων μεταξύ του υπολογιστή και του οχήματος. Επιπλέον, αναπτύχθηκε το απαραίτητο λογισμικό για τη χρήση του συστήματος και όλων των δυνατοτήτων του. Για το σωστό έλεγχο τόσο του κυκλώματος όσο και του λογισμικού, χρησιμοποιήσαμε έναν προσομοιωτή ECU αυτοκινήτου.<br>In this diploma thesis, an On Board Diagnostics system (OBD-II) was studied, designed and created. This type of system is of utmost importance to a great variety of users such as professional engineers and individuals. Its main purposes are to inform the user about all the different parameters of the vehicle and to identify potential malfunctions. To accomplish these tasks, a PCB circuit was designed and manufactured, which is responsible for the correct transmission and reception of OBD-II messages between a developed PC software and the vehicle. In order to test the circuit and the designed application, an ECU Simulator was used.
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Αθανασόπουλος, Κωνσταντίνος. "Χρήση της διεπαφής OBD-II για τη διάγνωση βλαβών και τη λήψη δεδομένων τηλεμετρίας σε αυτοκίνητα". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/6464.
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Στην παρούσα διπλωματική αναπτύσσεται συσκευή ανάγνωσης των δεδομένων του διαύλου CAN (CAN - controller area network - bus) με σκοπό τη λήψη δεδομένων για την τεχνική διάγνωση βλαβών και τη λήψη δεδομένων τηλεμετρίας σε πραγματικό χρόνο. Η διεπαφή μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για την εξαγωγή δεδομένων που βοηθούν στην έγκαιρη διάγνωση βλαβών πριν αυτές εξελιχθούν σε κοστοβόρες, στη μελέτη της λειτουργίας του αυτοκινήτου σε πραγματικό χρόνο για την επιβεβαίωση της καλής λειτουργίας του ή για τη συγκέντρωση στοιχείων για τη βελτίωση των επιδόσεών του κλπ. Στα πλαίσια της διπλωματικής, υλοποιείται συσκευή ανάγνωσης η οποία χρησιμοποιεί τα πρωτόκολλα επικοινωνίας που υποστηρίζονται από τη διεπαφή OBD-II ώστε να συλλέγει δεδομένα από τους διαύλους αυτοκινήτων και να τα αποστέλλει σε συνοδευτικό λογισμικό το οποίο αναλαμβάνει την παρουσίασή τους και την περαιτέρω επεξεργασία τους για την εξαγωγή χρήσιμων πληροφοριών και συμπερασμάτων.<br>In this thesis a scan tool is developed for vehicles' CAN buses (CAN - controller area network - bus) in order to obtain data for fault diagnosis and receiving telemetry data in real time. The interface can be used to export data to help in diagnosing faults before they become costly, to study the function of the car in real time, to confirm proper operation or to gather data for improving performance etc. In this thesis an OBD scanner is developed that uses the communication protocols supported by OBD-II interface in order to collect data from car buses and sends it to a bundled software for presentation and further processing for extracting useful information and draw further conclusions.
Książki na temat "On-board diagnostics II"
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Ohio EPA. Division of Air Pollution Control and Ohio's Vehicle Emissions Testing Program, eds. OBD II: On-board diagnostics II : a new way to test vehicle emissions. Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control, 2004.
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Ohio EPA. Division of Air Pollution Control and Ohio's Vehicle Emissions Testing Program, eds. OBD II: On-board diagnostics II : a new way to test vehicle emissions. Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control, 2004.
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Ohio EPA. Division of Air Pollution Control and Ohio's Vehicle Emissions Testing Program, eds. On-board diagnostics II: A new way to test vehicle emissions : fact sheet. Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control, 2004.
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Ohio EPA. Division of Air Pollution Control and Ohio's Vehicle Emissions Testing Program, eds. On-board diagnostics II: A new way to test vehicle emissions : fact sheet. Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control, 2004.
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Inc, Bergwall Productions, and Kasey Young. DA50 On Board Diagnostics II Software. Bergwall Productions, 2000.
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Learning, Thomson Delmar. A50 On Board Diagnostics II Video Package. Delmar Learning, 1998.
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California on board diagnostics (OBD-II) training guide. Motor Information Systems, 2001.
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Powertrain Control Emissions Diagnosis on Board Diagnostics II. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "On-board diagnostics II"
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Frenzel, Louis E. "On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) II." In Handbook of Serial Communications Interfaces. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800629-0.00022-x.
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Nagy, Jozsef, and Istvan Lakatos. "The Past, the Present and the Future of Online Road Vehicle Diagnosis from Car and Scan Tool Communication Perspective." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230419.
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In the luxury vehicle class, online internet connection has become a standard feature in the recent years. This process is likely to spread completely in all vehicle categories in the coming years. In the past, computer supported vehicle diagnostics started with On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) I standard in the late 1960’s. This has been followed by OBD II in 1996, which allows a fully standardization regardless of vehicle manufacturer and models, based on a generic scan tool. Even its communication with the vehicle electronic architecture has been developed rapidly followed by the new technologies. This way of car analysis has been extended also for non-emission related functions. Online data collecting and analysis provides not only solutions in the car production and service but in its development process too. For example, it can help you to set realistic thresholds by defining an OBD strategy for many in-car systems and functions to avoid customer complaints, warranty costs and recalls afterwards. From predictive maintenance / repair perspective it is possible to monitor material properties, vibrations, damages potentials also in processes e.g. welding and soldering. The dynamic development of telecommunication and automotive technologies hand in hand will provide completely new ways for “car to diagnostics back end” communication in the future without using a scan tool device and its physical in-vehicle interface.
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Burdea Grigore, Deshpande Sonal, Popescu Viorel, et al. "Computerized Hand Diagnostic/Rehabilitation System Using a Force Feedback Glove." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 1997. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-883-0-141.
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This paper describes recent results of a unified computerized system for hand diagnosis and rehabilitation. Automatic diagnosis data collection and Virtual Reality rehabilitation exercises are the main characteristics of the system. The diagnosis subsystem includes a tactile sensing glove in addition to standard devices such as electronic dynamometer, pinchmeter and goniometer. Three standard rehabilitation exercises were simulated in a Virtual Reality environment, using the WorldToolKit graphics library. The first two exercises (ball squeezing and DigiKey) allow measurement of finger forces exerted during the rehabilitation routine. The third exercise (Peg board) involves the patient&apos;s visual-motor coordination. The rehabilitation subsystem uses a VPL DataGlove retrofitted with Rutgers Master (RM-I) and its interface. The exercises involve manipulation of objects with different stiffnesses and geometry. Grasping forces were modeled and fed back using the Rutgers Master worn on patient&apos;s hand. Data is gathered in real time from both diagnosis and rehabilitation subsystems. Finger specific forces recorded during rehabilitation exercises allow better diagnosis of the patient impairment. An ORACLE database is used to store and manipulate patients&apos; records. Proof of concept trials were performed in a clinical environment. Some results of patient records analysis are presented in this paper. A new version of the system using an RM II haptic interface is presently under consideration.
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Shorter, Edward. "Something Wrong with the Label." In How Everyone Became Depressed. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199948086.003.0012.
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How did everyone become depressed? A depression needed to be created that could be applied to everyone. The drafters of the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) DSM series did this in 1980 by creating major depression. At the same time, the drafters completed the demolition of the nerve syndrome, which had been slowly unraveling. The analysts had removed neurotic depression from the nervous syndrome; psychiatry removed anxiety from the larger nervous picture with the diagnosis mixed anxiety-depression. And DSM-III completed the job by separating completely anxiety and depression, and fragmenting anxiety into a volley of meaningless microsyndromes. Fatigue was left completely out of the picture and ceased to be a psychiatric ailment. And obsessive thoughts had long vanished from the nervous picture into the vast anxiety basin, where they would tumble about with social anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and the like. Like moving pieces of furniture from the room, all the furniture was removed from the nervous room except depression. Of the unitary diagnosis of nerves, a disease of the entire body, nothing was left except major depression, an expandable diagnosis that could be applied to almost the entire population—and a series of minianxiety diagnoses pseudospecific for different settings in which anxiety might arise: parties (social anxiety disorder), trauma (posttraumatic stress disorder), public places (agoraphobia), and so forth. The shattering of the nervous syndrome was complete. In February 1973 the Board of the American Psychiatric Association decided that in the forthcoming edition of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases, scheduled for 1979, some minor terminological clarifications were necessary in the input of American psychiatry, including issues such as “problem-oriented records” and how, exactly, to classify levels of disabilities. These were not big problems, but they would necessitate another edition of the APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual , the second edition of which has appeared in 1968 ; the Board asked the APA’s Reference Committee to get cracking, and in April the Reference Committee asked the Council on Research and Development to appoint a Task Force to revise DSM-II.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "On-board diagnostics II"
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Purnomo, Cahyo Priyo, Rendy Munadi, Istikmal, Aji Widodo, Sri Kuntadi, and Rahmat Hardian Putra. "Digitalization Of Public Vehicles Using On Board Diagnostic-II (OBD-II)." In 2023 International Conference On Cyber Management And Engineering (CyMaEn). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cymaen57228.2023.10051080.
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Cavina, Nicolo`. "Multiple Misfire: Detection and Cylinder Isolation Based on Engine Speed Measurement." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0676.
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The diagnosis of misfire events (or missing combustions) is enforced by On-Board Diagnostics regulations (such as CARB OBD II or European OBD) over the whole engine operating range, for all vehicles equipped with spark ignition engines. Such regulations define both the minimum misfire frequency that is to be detected (related to catalyst damage and/or increased hydrocarbons emissions), and the various misfire patterns that the diagnostic algorithm should be able to detect. In particular, single (no more than one missing combustion per engine cycle) and multiple (more than one misfiring cylinder within the same engine cycle) misfire patterns are to be diagnosed, and the cylinder in which the misfire took place is to be isolated only when single misfires take place (cylinder identification is still not mandatory for multiple misfires). Various single misfire detection methodologies have been successfully developed in recent years (mostly based on the engine speed signal), and this type of misfire diagnosis is still challenging for engines with a high number of cylinders, especially during operating conditions characterized by high engine speed and low load. On the other hand, the detection of multiple misfires is still difficult even for the typical four cylinder engine, since their effects on the engine speed trend have not yet been clarified. In fact, a misfire occurrence is characterized by a sudden engine speed decrease and a subsequent damped torsional vibration. In case of multiple misfires, the engine speed oscillation induced by the first misfiring cylinder may still be present when the second missing combustion takes place, and the resulting engine speed waveform may be erroneously interpreted by the diagnostic algorithm, thus resulting in the improper cylinder being identified or missed detection of a misfiring cylinder. This paper deals with the identification of a specific pattern in the instantaneous engine speed trend, induced by a missing combustion and characteristic of the system under study, that allows performing the desired multiple misfire detection. The methodology has been designed in order to be run on-board, thus requiring low computational power and memory allocation. Its implementation has shown that false alarms can be avoided and correct cylinder isolation is possible, also in presence of multiple misfires. Experimental tests have been performed on a 1.2 liter spark ignition engine mounted in a test cell. Various multiple misfire patterns have been induced by controlling ignition and injection of the various cylinders. In-cylinder pressure signals have been acquired together with the instantaneous engine speed, in order to verify the capability of the methodology.
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Shultz, Gil. "Portable On-Board-Diagnostic (OBD) II/CAN Scan Tool." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/971126.
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Watanabe, Atsushi. "Research on Method of Sensor Fault Detection for OBD-II Compliant Motorcycles Based on Temperature Estimation." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-32-0568.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD II), which will be to be introduced into motorcycles in Europe and India, requires that the engine oil and cooling water temperatures be monitored in a rational manner. The rationality of the sensors for engine oil and coolant temperatures (TW sensors) is derived from the ability to detect failure modes such as offset or fixation of unintended output voltage in addition to circuit continuity checks such as sensor harness disconnection and short circuit.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The OBD II technology for 4-wheeled vehicles cannot be easily converted to motorcycles with their multiple cooling systems (air-cooled and water-cooled) and multiple heat dissipation structures (full fairings, naked structures, etc.). In previous studies, failures of the TW sensor were detected by estimating the water temperature with high accuracy based on the calorific value of the engine and the amount of heat dissipated. However, in studies considering the implementation of electronic control units (ECUs), it has been reported that such estimations are vulnerable to disturbance (especially from a heater or blower) because it was difficult to estimate water temperature based on accurate heat removal. In addition, since the motorcycle has a heat-dissipating structure that facilitates cooling, it is necessary to consider heat removal in any environment.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, in order to detect a failure in the TW sensor, the temperature increase is estimated based on the amount of fuel injected during the engine operation and the temperature change characteristics of the TW sensor corresponding to the engine load, in the coldest environment in which the vehicle is used. The proposed method has a feature that it does not require re-correction of parameters for normal temperature or high temperature environments. Firstly, the parameters required to estimate an increase in temperature in the TW sensor during operation are discussed. In the preliminary test, in order to understand the detection characteristics for temperature increase of the TW sensor, an engine heating value test was conducted under a predetermined low-temperature environment during engine operation. Next, the detection performance in the simulation environment was confirmed using fault detection logic based on the above. This fault detection logic was implemented in an ECU, and vehicle tests were conducted under various temperature load conditions on a low-temperature chassis dynamometer to confirm the usefulness of the proposed method.</div></div>
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Zagorski, Scott, An Nguyen, Gary Heydinger, and Howard Abbey. "Design of a Secure Automated Driving Systems Test Data Interface." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0828.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Vehicles equipped with Level 4 and 5 autonomy will need to be tested according to regulatory standards (or future revisions thereof) that vehicles with lower levels of autonomy are currently subject to. Today, dynamic Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) tests are performed with human drivers and driving robots controlling the test vehicle’s steering wheel, throttle pedal, and brake pedal. However, many Level 4 and 5 vehicles will lack these traditional driver controls, so it will be impossible to control these vehicles using human drivers or traditional driving robots. Therefore, there is a need for an electronic interface that will allow engineers to send dynamic steering, speed, and brake commands to a vehicle. This paper describes the design and implementation of a market-ready Automated Driving Systems (ADS) Test Data Interface (TDI), a secure electronic control interface which aims to solve the challenges outlined above. The interface consists of a communication port integrated into automobiles which lack traditional manual controls. Via this interface dynamic test scenarios can be executed by plugging in a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU), which is an element of the TDI hardware/firmware intended to be available only to authorized users. Physically, the VCU can interface with the On-board Diagnostics (OBD) OBD-II connector that is present on essentially all modern automobiles. This paper also describes a demonstration of the complete VCU with the secure TDI using a vehicle equipped with a Dataspeed drive-by-wire kit, with its steering, throttle, and brake control systems mimicking the behavior of an autonomous subject vehicle.</div></div>
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Geraldo, Gilberto. "Differences between On Board Diagnostic Systems (EOBD, OBD-II, OBD-BR1 and OBD-BR2)." In 2006 SAE Brasil Congress and Exhibit. SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-2671.
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Zachos, Mark, Pratik Satam, and Rami Naama. "Vehicle Cyber Engineering (VCE) Testbed with CLaaS (Cyber-Security Labs as a Service)." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2796.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The University of Detroit Mercy Vehicle Cyber Engineering (VCE) Laboratory together with The University of Arizona is supporting Secure Vehicle Embedded Systems research work and course projects.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The University of Detroit Mercy VCE Laboratory has established several testbeds to cover experimental techniques to ensure the security of an embedded design that includes: <!--<QUERY id="Q01" name="Becky Burns"><p>Is this correct? I changed it from “to ensure the security of an embedded design including:”</p></QUERY>--><!--<QUERY id="Q02" name="M Zachos"><p>yes</p></QUERY>-->data isolation, memory protection, virtual memory, secure scheduling, access control and capabilities, hypervisors and system virtualization, input/output virtualization, embedded cryptography implementation, authentication and access control, hacking techniques, malware, trusted computing, intrusion detection systems, cryptography, programming security and secure software/firmware updates.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The VCE Laboratory testbeds are connected with an Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud-based Cyber-security Labs as a Service (CLaaS) system, which allows students and researchers to access the testbeds from any place that has a secure internet connection. VCE students are assigned predefined virtual machines to perform designated cyber-security experiments. The CLaaS system has low administrative overhead associated with experiment setup and management.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">One of the testbeds in the VCE Lab is the TestCube vehicle simulator device. The TestCube is a programmable OBD-II vehicle gateway that can operate as<!--<QUERY id="Q03" name="Becky Burns"><p>Is this “as” correct here?</p></QUERY>--><!--<QUERY id="Q04" name="M Zachos"><p>edited</p></QUERY>--> an entire vehicle that is running on-board diagnostics communications sequences. VCE Laboratory CLaaS experiments have been developed for demonstrating man-in-the-middle cyber-security attacks from actual compromised hardware or software connected with the TestCube.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will describe the CLaaS system and experiments utilizing the TestCube testbed. In addition, we will show that the data transfer latency between experiments running on the VCE Laboratory testbed and the AWS Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) is a sustainable communication rate for operating the testbed.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">It is also worth noting that the CLaaS vehicle diagnostics security system testbed could be extended for use in applications to support a vehicle digital twin platform.</div></div>
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Salehi, Vahid. "Application of Munich Agile Concept for MBSE for a Holistic Approach To Collect Vehicle Data Based on Board Diagnostic System." In ASME 2024 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2024-141089.
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Abstract This paper is based on four different steps. In the first step, a literature review is provided on the topic of the application of on-board diagnostic systems and their connection to digital twins in a virtual environment. In the second step, some important research questions are addressed, which are dealt with in the following sections. Based on the research questions, this paper applies a systematic method to use generated data such as GPS position, gasoline engine parameters such as speed/revs, and the vehicle’s gasoline battery to enrich a digital data environment for virtualization and simulation. This technical paper explores the use of On-Board Diagnostic II (OBD-II) interfaces to collect data from gasoline vehicles and the subsequent analysis of this data using systems engineering methods. The paper will present the results of gasoline vehicle testing based on OBD-II data and Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) using the Munich Agile Concept for Systems Engineering (MAGIC) to design a system-of-systems approach based on Digital Twin Data. This paper and the corresponding research project will develop a consistent, traceable, holistic system-of-systems engineering approach for digital twins. MBSE is based on three important core pillars: 1) Methods/Processes, 2) Language and 3) Systems. The purpose of the newly developed Munich Agile Concept Approach is to manage complexity throughout the data collection, data processing and data virtualization process from a real environment to a virtual Digital Twin environment. The Munich Agile Concept contains six different levels: System Requirement, System Function, System Architecture, System Validation, System Test and System Usage Level. A graphical language called System Modeling Language (SysML) was used to define the first three levels. In the final step, this paper will report on the experiences made and the results of the applied MAGIC approach in Model Based Systems Engineering.
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Yuan, Wanli, Tiande Mo, Yu Li, Baomin Duan, and Wei Zhong. "ptimization Design of Large-displacement Motorcycle Emission Testing Procedures." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-epv-014.
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Economic and/or practical points to be addressed The large-displacement motorcycles, which engine displacements above 600cc, usually have good acceleration, strong power and large heat dissipation. Due to strict emission requirements leads by the new China IV emission standards that give rise to various problems during tests cycles, and the existing testing facilities and conditions cannot fully meet the testing requirements for such motorcycles. Therefore, the test cycle for the emission of pollutants from large-displacement motorcycles needs to be optimized to further ensure the detection accuracy and better provide accurate data support for large-displacement motorcycles. Methodology China is currently implementing the China IV emission standards (GB 14622-2016, GB 18176-2016) for motorcycles. Compared with European Union IV emission standards, the most important feature is the durability assessment for actual pollution control devices. This paper makes a detailed comparative analysis for the limitation and detection method of the Type I test, Type II test, Type III test, Type IV test, Type V test and On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) system test for the large-displacement motorcycles, and designed an optimized emission testing technology for large-displacement motorcycle emission test procedures.</p><p class="font_7"><br></p> <p class="font_7">Main scientific and technical<br>Through the analysis for a large number of test results of large-displacement motorcycles, it is considered that they are similar to other types of motorcycles in single emission test procedures for type II test, type III test, type IV test, and OBD system test. However, special features are found in Type I test and Type-V test because of differences in displacement, acceleration and heat dissipation in large-displacement motorcycles. In consequence, it is necessary to optimize the testing technology to provide improvement in emission detection method to ensure the data accuracy. It is believed that the following factors will have an impact on the emission results and shall be strictly controlled and improved: 1. Impact from the fuel; 2. Impact from the driving behavior; 3. Impact from the testing equipment and the ambient environment during the test; 4. Impact from the vehicle maintenance during the test. Through a large number of motorcycle tests, it has been fully verified that the above four factors have significant impacts on the emission results. The research and verification carried out on the emission test of large-displacement motorcycles can determine how to optimize these four factors to ensure the data accuracy for the emission test of large-displacement motorcycles. Achieved results Several factors that impact the large-displacement motorcycles emission test have been fully verified, indicating that the test procedures need to be precisely optimized that suggesting for testing procedures are summarized and given in the following four factors, thereby reducing emission detection errors and ensuring the test accuracy. 1. Standardized training method for the driver 2. Environmental condition control method 3. Environmental background gas concentration control method 4. Fuel control method and requirements
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Palackal, Rose Mary Simon, Balagovind Nandakumar Kartha, Karthikeyan Ramachandran, Srikanth Vijaykumar, and Pramod Reddemreddy. "A Model Based Approach for Generating Pre-Calibration Data for Two-Wheelers." In JSAE/SAE Small Engine Technologies Conference & Exhibition. Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-32-0038.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Today, 99% of the two wheelers in India operate with carburetor based fuel delivery system. But with implementation of Bharath Stage VI emission norms, compliance to emission limits along with monitoring of components in the system that contributes towards tail pipe emissions would be challenging. With the introduction of the OBD II (On-Board Diagnostics) and emission durability, mass migration to electronically controlled fuel delivery system is very much expected. The new emission norms also call for precise metering of the injected fuel and therefore demands extended calibration effort.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The calibration of engine management system starts with the generation of pre-calibration dataset capable of operating the engine at all operating points followed by base calibration of the main parameters such as air charge estimation, fuel injection quantity, injection timing and ignition angles relative to the piston position. Finally, the vehicle calibration is executed keeping drivability and compliance to legislative norms as prime requirements. The quality of the pre-calibration data and base calibration decides the number of iterations required to arrive at the final dataset that meets the emission targets. Currently, the pre-calibration data is ported from datasets belonging to engines of similar displacement calibrated before; as a result of which the data do not fit well at all engine operation points.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper elucidates a model based approach that generates pre-calibration dataset closest in match to the dataset obtained after base calibration at engine dynamometer using limited measurement logs from the engine. This is achieved through modelling the system using identified geometrical information of the engine, intake and exhaust systems and then introducing the physics of engine operation into it. Using the geometrical information, MATLAB based models are built to calculate the critical parameters like pressure drop across air filter, resonant frequency of the Helmholtz resonator in the intake path, throttle and valve flow coefficients and friction torque. The output of these individual MATLAB models are then fed into a predictive model that estimates the combustion parameters. These in turn serve as inputs to a one dimensional engine model built in GT Suite which then predicts the air charge entering the cylinder, optimum ignition angles, brake torque and exhaust gas temperature at the manifold.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A case study was done with a 200cc air cooled engine as reference, for which the outcome of the GT Suite model is compared against the actual calibration dataset. The model is found to predict the air-charge at an accuracy of 85%, optimum ignition angles within ± 4.5° CA, brake torque at 85% accuracy and exhaust temperatures within ±20° C.</div></div>
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "On-board diagnostics II"
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Author, Not Given. On-Board Diagnostics II: Subsystem analysis. Interim report, March 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10129718.
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