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1
Schwab, Anne Marie. "Improved seismic stratigraphic interpretation of carbonates using outcrop data". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602066.
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Carbonate systems hold vast amounts of the world's oil reserves, and seismic data is the largest subsurface data set in the oil industry. Thus it is vital that new advances be made in using seismic data to construct predictive subsurface models. This thesis uses three key case studies to demonstrate how carbonate outcrops can enhance seismic stratigraphic interpretation and create subsurface predictive models in carbonates. The methodology involves detailed outcrop characterization, a seismic simulation of the outcrop data, and an iterative interpretation of the subsurface data and outcrop data to produce a predictive subsurface model. Seismic-scale outcrops are used to construct seismic simulations of two carbonate settings: an isolated platform margin, and a low angle ramp. Forward seismic modelling of the high-resolution sequence stratigraphic outcrop models is used to create the seismic simulations, and is a very powerful way to calibrate geological information and seismic data. The outcrop platform architecture of a shelfal algal mound field was applied to interpreting subsurface seismic data using forward seismic modelling of well logs. Interpretation of multi-frequency synthetic seismic outcrop simulations identified specific seismic characteristics for various carbonate depositional environments, which enhanced the confidence in interpretations of the subtle seismic characteristics on lower frequency subsurface seismic as being caused by actual geologic characteristics. This is particularly critical in the platform and ramp margin areas where interpretation pitfalls could occur, for example, missing the platform or ramp margin or interpreting the data as seismic artefacts. The platform, or ramp, margin is a key seismic geometry to identify on subsurface data. Its identification aids in the prediction of the platform architecture, and the spatial relationships between the basin (potential source rocks) and the platform (potential reservoir). The comparison between outcrop and subsurface data can be used at either the exploration or production scale. At the exploration scale the main aim is to identify the platform margin, while the main aim at the production scale is to identify the reservoir architecture, predict stratigraphic traps, and to use the subsurface data to obtain reservoir parameters as input for reservoir models.
2
Claussmann, Barbara. "Dépôts de transport en masse le long de rides chevauchantes : nouvelles contraintes sur l'évolution tectonostratigraphique des bassins associés à la subduction (Marge Hikurangi, Nouvelle-Zélande)". Thesis, Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0034.
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Le long des marges actives, la croissance de rides anticlinales chevauchantes et les processus tectoniques associés sont souvent cités comme étant l'une des causes principales entrainant des déstabilisations de pente et du transport en masse de sédiments au dos des prismes de subduction. Les dépôts associés (MTDs) sont très variés, ne serait-ce que le long d'une même marge, et leur nature, origine et expression peuvent témoigner de l'évolution tectonostratigraphique des bassins sédimentaires liés à la subduction (e.g., bassins perchés). Ce travail présente une analyse haute résolution des caractéristiques et mécanismes de mise en place des sédiments déstabilisés en examinant des MTDs miocènes affleurant dans la partie interne émergée de la marge Sud-Hikurangi (Île du Nord, Nouvelle-Zélande). Des données régionales de sismique réflexion marine ont aussi été utilisées afin d’analyser les géométries et architectures de plus grande échelle. Les résultats témoignent de l'importance des rides structurales dans le contrôle du remplissage sédimentaire des bassins. Différents styles de MTDs sont générés en fonction de leur position structurale (forelimb et backlimb) et à des moments spécifiques du développement des rides et des bassins perchés. Ceci suggère que les MTDs sont de puissants marqueurs tectonostratigraphiques. Ici, ils ont aidé à reconstruire, à des périodes clés, l'évolution de deux bassins et de la marge Hikurangi elle-même. Cette étude offre de nouvelles perspectives sur les interactions entre la déformation et la sédimentation pouvant être essentielles pour la compréhension de l’évolution des marges actives, de leurs risques géologiques et pour leur explorationAlong active margins, the prevalence of thrust ridges and tectonic processes (e.g., uplift, slope oversteepening) is generally called out as one of the main recurrent reasons for generating slope failures and mass wasting on subduction complexes. The resulting mass-transport deposits (MTDs) are often seen to vary strongly along a single margin and therefore, this research work proposes to investigate their nature, origin and significance in the frame of the tectonostratigraphic evolution of subduction-related sedimentary basins (e.g., trench-slope basins [TSBs]). Here, we present high-resolution outcrop-scale insights on both the characteristics and mechanisms of emplacement of the failed sediments by examining thrust-related MTDs from the Miocene cropping out in the emerged southern portion of the Hikurangi subduction margin (eastern North Island of New Zealand). Regional offshore seismic reflection data are also used to offer a broader overview and understanding of these systems through the study of the larger scale geometries and architectures. Results show the role and importance of the thrust ridges in controlling the TSB infilling. Different styles of MTDs are generated from different structural positions (forelimb and backlimb) and at specific times of thrust-ridge and TSB development. This suggests that MTDs are powerful tectonostratigraphic markers. Here, they help to unravel the evolution of two TSBs and more largely of the Hikurangi Margin at key periods. This study provides new insights on the close interplays between deformation and sedimentation, understandings of which may be key for geohazard, exploration and geodynamic predictions along active margins
3
Williams, Huw Davies. "Investigating controls on carbonate platform geometry using forward modelling, outcrop and synthetic seismic studies". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54148/.
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Outcrop and laboratory analysis of the South Wales carbonate ramp validated the model hypothesis that a high rate of sediment transport is likely a dominant control on the development of a low gradient carbonate geometry. Several other ramp examples are also shown to portray diagnostic features similar to the South Wales ramp example, implying significant magnitudes of sediment transport in each case and further supporting the hypothesis that ramps are transport-dominated systems.
4
Szuman, Magdalena Katarzyna. "Forward seismic modelling and spectral decomposition of deepwater slope deposits in outcrop and subsurface". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=105419.
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This project aimed to constrain the interpretation uncertainties associated with reflection seismic data of deep-water slope deposits. The basic premise of the project is that seismic data is affected by small-scale architectural elements and even conventional low-frequency data may contain clues of the sub-seismic geometries. These can be decoded by understanding the interaction between internal elements and the seismic wavelet. A series of outcrop-derived forward seismic models was created, representing different types of outcrop based slope deposits. The seismic interpretation of the forward models was based on amplitude analysis supplemented by instantaneous attributes and spectral decomposition. In order to create realistic synthetic seismograms, input models included geometries whose thickness was as low as 1% of the resolution limit. By revealing the influence of small-scale structures on synthetic seismic data at the high end of the spectrum (70Hz to 100Hz), the knowledge of tuning effects and the interaction between interfering reflections at lower frequencies (i.e. 20, 40 and 60Hz) could potentially be significantly improved. The gained experience was then applied to real seismic data. It was proven that small-scale geometries have an additional, highly significant effect on the composite reflection. Because of the inherent non-uniqueness in seismic reflection, the specific seismic forward models of particular outcrop analogues can only be used as guides to the seismic interpretation of the particular architectural elements of a subsurface deposit and not as definite models against which one can definitely pattern match real and modelled seismic data. as burial depth increases, so does the non-uniqueness of the seismic interpretation of seismic data from deposits whose internal geometries are around/below the tuning thickness.
5
Garyfalou, Aikaterini. "Integrated analysis of mass transport deposits : outcrop data, seismic interpretation & fast Fourier transform analysis". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227755.
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Zhang, Hongjie. "Spectral decomposition of outcrop-based synthetic seismic data, applied to reservoir prediction in deep-water settings". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=215575.
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Deveugle, Peter. "A comparative study of reservoir modelling techniques using high-resolution outcrop datasets". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8565.
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This PhD project describes a high-resolution, three-dimensionanal model of two parasquence sets of the late Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone, a fluvial dominated deltaic reservoir analogue exposed in Utah, USA. The model was first used to quantify the facies architecture of this analogue and then as the reference to compare stochastic modelling techniques: 1) object based modelling (OBM); 2) sequential indicator simulation (SISIM); 3) multiple point statistics (MPS); and 4) spectral component geologic modelling (SCGM).
8
Li, Pan. "Architecture and sedimentology of slope channel fills : an outcrop- and subsurface-based study". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231778.
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Slope channel systems represent significant but highly variable deep-water stratigraphic features and reservoir targets. Variations in architecture and component facies can take place along strike, depositional dip and stratigraphically. A better understanding of these variations permits improved sedimentological and architectural models. By integrating two outcrops (San Clemente, California and Baja California, Mexico) and one subsurface example (offshore Nile Delta), this study provides an opportunity to investigate cross-channel asymmetry, stratigraphic evolution and variability, vertical facies trends, and controls of slope channel systems. This study demonstrates that cross-channel asymmetry in facies and architecture is a lithology- and scale-independent feature, and preferentially occurs at channel bends and in the upper part of slope channel systems. Facies and architectural asymmetry are generally expressed as amalgamated, coarser-grained deposits displaced to the steeper channel edge (outer bend), and finer-grained deposits dominate towards the gentler channel edge (inner bend). A comparison of the systems exposed in Mexico and buried in the subsurface reveals a similar evolutionary trend, from initial sediment erosion/bypass, through early-stage laterally amalgamated channels, late-stage sinuous channels with levees/terraces, and final abandonment. However, pronounced variations exist in the late stage (e.g., presence or absence of lobes), and abandonment stage (e.g., presence or absence of MTDs plugging and channel avulsion). Additionally, for the first time, this study quantitatively demonstrates that early-stage and late-stage architectural elements are characterized by distinct patterns in preferred vertical facies transitions, based on Markov chain analysis of vertical successions. This study also suggests that both extrabasinal factors (e.g., relative sea-level) induced flow energy cycles and intrabasinal factors (e.g., folding and faulting, MTDs, channel bends) can exert a significant control on the architecture and/or evolution of slope channel systems.
9
Tsang, Hin-sui Calvin, i 曾憲瑞. "The diagnostic features of fault zones from core samples and outcrop study in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577676.
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Tsang, Hin-sui Calvin. "The diagnostic features of fault zones from core samples and outcrop study in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577676.
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Buckley, Rebecca Claire. "The sedimentary evolution of the Cambrian of east-central Oman : an outcrop study of the Haima Supergroup". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364919.
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Campbell, Stuart Alexander. "The Ecca type section (Permian, South Africa) : an outcrop analogue study of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018199.
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The Karoo Basin of South Africa holds an estimated 906 billion to 11 trillion cubic meters of unconventional shale gas within the shales of the Whitehill and Collingham formations of the Ecca Group. Evaluation of this potential resource has been limited due to the lack of exploration and a scarcity of existing drill core data. In order to circumnavigate this problem this study was undertaken to evaluate the potential target horizons exposed in outcrops along the southern portion of the Karoo Basin, north of Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape Province. Detailed field logging was done on the exposed Whitehill and Collingham formations as well as a possible conventional sandstone (turbidite) reservoir, the Ripon Formation, along road cuttings of the Ecca Pass. Palaeocurrent data, jointing directions and fossil material were also documented. Samples were analysed for mineralogy, porosity, permeability, and total organic carbon content (TOC). The extensively weathered black shales of the Whitehill Formation contain a maximum TOC value of 0.9% and the Collingham Formation shales contain a maximum TOC value of 0.6%. The organic lithic arkose sandstones of the Ripon Formation are classified as ‘tight rock’ with an average porosity of 1% and an average permeability of 0.05 mD. The Whitehill Formation in the southern portion of the Karoo Basin has experienced organic matter loss due to low grade metamorphism as well as burial to extreme depths, thus reducing shale gas potential. The Ripon Formation is an unsuitable conventional reservoir along the southern basin boundary due to extensive cementation and filling of pore spaces.
13
Jones, R. H. "Seismic reflections from major faults". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377196.
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Nilsen, Maria. "A study of Forward Models in Seismic Inversion". Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8765.
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Knowledge about the physcical parameters of the seafloor is often important information. This masters thesis looks at seismic inversion to find these parameters. The choice of forward model is highly emphasised. A seismic inversion has a number of variables which can be changed and altered to obtain a good result. The forward model will have a big impact on the results of the inversion. Both the time spent on the inversion, and which parameters the inversion will be best suited to estimate will be determined by the choice of forward model. An inversion code written in Matlab by Fredrik Helland is used. It uses genethic algorithms as optimization, and OSIRIS as forward model. This code is expanded to deal with several forward models and seafloor geometries. Testing of the inversion code shows that all the forward models serves different perposes. The ray tracing model is still at a consept level, but should be usable in the future when it runs a bit faster and can deal with more than 3 layers. The dispersion method and the wave number integration method both work well and the results show that using a combination of them might be the best choice if all the geoacoustic parameters of the seafloor is sought.
15
Liu, Qin. "A study of seismic design spectra for highway bridges". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ27001.pdf.
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Arnott, Stuart K. "A seismic study of the Krafla volcanic system, Iceland". Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6526/.
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Following a major crustal rifting episode centred on the Krafla volcanic system in Northeast Iceland, the local seismicity was monitored for three months using a dense network of single component seismometers. Initial earthquake locations were computed for 489 local events using a one-dimensional velocity model derived from seismic refraction data. Activity was concentrated in clusters beneath a geothermal area within the Krafla caldera and below the Bjarnarflag geothermal well field to the south, and in a narrow linear zone coincident with a site of recent dyke injection. Events of magnitudes -2.4 to 2.1 were located. The b-value for the entire dataset is 0.77±0.10, and is lower for events at Bjarnarflag than for events in the dyke injection zone. Seismicity was continuous. A simultaneous inversion of 1771 P-wave arrival times was carried out to calculate the 3-d velocity structure and refine hypocentral locations. The derivative weight sum was used to identify the well-resolved volume. High velocity bodies at depth beneath the rim of the caldera are high density intrusives, probably gabbros. Volumes of low velocity coincide with zones of geothermal exploitation within the caldera and beneath Bjarnarflag, and result from intense fracturing and hydrothermal alteration. After relocation through the three-dimensional velocity structure, the spatial distribution of hypocentres is more focussed and considerably shallower than before. This led to a closer correlation between zones of seismicity and detailed features within the source volumes, such as geothermal reservoirs, fault surfaces and zones of known recent magmatic intrusion. Focal mechanisms were determined using P-wave polarity data for 153 of the best located earth quakes, of which 139 have double couple solutions. Fourteen events were non-double couple, 4 of which could be solved as either opening or closing tensile cracks assuming small circle nodal lines. The biasing effect of using incorrect hypocentres and an over-simplified velocity structure were investigated by 3-d ray tracing. The effects on ray angles are large and variable. The impact of these effects on double couple solutions is generally small, but can be critical for the confident identification of non-double couple events. Seismicity in geothermal areas results from cooling and fracturing of hot intrusives at depth, and fault surfaces are marked by enhanced seismicity when they provide efficient migratory paths for geothermal fluids. Seismicity may be induced partially by geothermal mining. The stress field in the Krafla volcanic system at the time of the survey was variable along its length, as was the mode of fracturing. The stress field at Bjarnarflag was chaotic. In the geothermal area within the caldera σ(_3) was perpendicular to the plate boundary, and in the dyke injection zone σ(_1) was perpendicular to the plate boundary. Such heterogeneity in the stress field is contrary to what might be expected at a spreading axis, and is attributed to variation in regional extensional stress release during the recent rifting episode.
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Twardzik, Cedric. "Study of the earthquake source process and seismic hazards". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c2553a3f-f6ce-46a0-9c47-d68f5957cdac.
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To obtain the rupture history of the Parkfield, California, earthquake, we perform 12 kinematic inversions using elliptical sub-faults. The preferred model has a seismic moment of 1.21 x 10^18 Nm, distributed on two distinct ellipses. The average rupture speed is ~2.7 km/s. The good spatial agreement with previous large earthquakes and aftershocks in the region, suggests the presence of permanent asperities that break during large earthquakes. We investigate our inversion method with several tests. We demonstrate its capability to retrieve the rupture process. We show that the convergence of the inversion is controlled by the space-time location of the rupture front. Additional inversions show that our procedure is not highly influenced by high-frequency signal, while we observe high sensitivity to the waveforms duration. After considering kinematic inversion, we present a full dynamic inversion for the Parkfield earthquake using elliptical sub-faults. The best fitting model has a seismic moment of 1.18 x 10^18 Nm, distributed on one ellipse. The rupture speed is ~2.8 km/s. Inside the parameter-space, the models are distributed according the rupture speed and final seismic moment, defining a optimal region where models fit correctly the data. Furthermore, to make the preferred kinematic model both dynamically correct while fitting the data, we show it is necessary to connect the two ellipses. This is done by adopting a new approach that uses b-spline curves. Finally, we relocate earthquakes in the vicinity of the Darfield, New-Zealand earthquake. 40 years prior to the earthquake, where there is the possibility of earthquake migration towards its epicentral region. Once it triggers the 2010-2011 earthquake sequence, we observe earthquakes migrating inside regions of stress increase. We also observe a stress increase on a large seismic gap of the Alpine Fault, as well as on some portions of the Canterbury Plains that remain today seismically quiet.
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Sousa, Sérgio António Gonçalves de. "Spectroscopic, interferometric and seismic study of solar-type stars". Doctoral thesis, Porto : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/64296.
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Schorr, Gregory Thomas. "Study of seismic reflection data over Virginia Mesozoic basins". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91064.
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Studies of Vibroseis reflection profiles over the exposed Triassic-Jurassic Culpeper, Richmond, and Scottsville Basins, and another profile over a probable early Mesozoic basin (Toano) beneath the Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments, in Virginia indicate that resolution of the geometry of the basins is inhibited by small impedance contrasts between the rock units within the basin and those bordering the basin. None of the seismic sections exhibit reflections which can be directly attributed to a Triassic-pre-Triassic interface. Resolution of the geometry of the basin sediments depends upon the presence of anomalously high or low velocity/density rock units within the basin, and similarly the presence of large amplitude reflections from within these and possibly other basins may imply the presence of these units, which include basalt and lignite. A method of analyzing the refracted waves in the seismic reflection data with large receiver offsets for determination of apparent velocities and the geometry of the refraction interface is presented. The Culpeper seismic lines indicate a basin with a maximum thickness of 2500 m along the western side and approximately 1750 m along the eastern side of the basin. The maximum thickness of the Richmond Basin below the seismic line is approximately 2700 m. The Scottsville Basin contains sedimentary strata with a thickness of 1750 m and the seismic data from the Toano Basin indicate a thickness of 3000 m. The compressional wave velocity of the strata within these basins has a range of 4000-5300 m/sec.M.S.
20
Liu, Qin Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil and Environmental. "A Study of seismic design spectra for highway bridges". Ottawa, 1997.
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Sousa, Sérgio António Gonçalves de. "Spectroscopic, interferometric and seismic study of solar-type stars". Tese, Porto : [s.n.], 2009. http://catalogo.up.pt/F?func=find-b&local_base=FCB01&find_code=SYS&request=000103827.
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Ibie, Elliot Ede 1969. "Seismic stratigraphic analysis in the Niger delta : a case study of the Benin River 3-D seismic cube". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10039.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-110).
by Elliot Ede Ibie.
M.S.
23
Nunes, Harrington Sena Claire Maria. "Facies control on diagenesis and fracturing in peritidal carbonates : an outcrop based study of Lower Cretaceous deposits from central east Oman". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17789.
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The links between depositional fabrics, diagenesis and fracture patterns are explored for the Barremian-Aptian Jurf and Qishn formations of central east Oman. Field, petrographic and analytical (oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios, clumped isotopes, strontium isotopes, major and trace elements, tensile strength) data were acquired. The excellent outcrop exposures allow the investigation of the geometries, dimensions and spatial distributions of sedimentary bodies, diagenetic bodies and fractures at the inter-well scale (one kilometre). It is suggested that in the Late Barremian, storm and wave reworking and transport were the dominant sedimentary processes operating in the peritidal environment of the southern Tethyan platform. The stratigraphic distribution of the parasequences and discontinuity surface types suggest some regional sea level control on the peritidal carbonate cyclicity. Pervasive dolomite is restricted to the Jurf Formation transgressive systems tract, which is characterized by a peritidal environment rich in microbial mats. Other system tracts, despite being composed of peritidal facies with evidence for high salinities, were not dolomitized, suggesting that the presence of microbial mats, i.e. the depositional fabric, exerted a major control on dolomite distribution. Spacing and orientation of fractures in limestones also depend strongly on the depositional fabric. Grain-supported facies, such as grainstones and rudstones, develop closely and evenly spaced northwestsoutheast oriented stratabound fractures; whereas mud-supported facies develop widely and unevenly spaced throughgoing fractures predominantly oriented north-south. It is suggested that fractures developed until fracture saturation in early cemented grain-supported facies during the Late Cretaceous. As burial increased, the bedding interfaces become stronger allowing for the development of throughgoing fractures that cross-cut mud-supported beds, which remained undersaturated with respect to fractures. This study shows that diagenetic heterogeneities of the Jurf and Qishn formations are strongly linked to depositional heterogeneities, and that both the depositional fabric and early diagenesis control the distribution of fracture heterogeneities.
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Ramos, Gana Ander. "Wireless communication system for land seismic operations: A feasibility study". Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9793.
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Wireless data networks have seen rapid growth and deployment in the recent years, replacing traditional wired data networks. WesternGeco is currently using a traditional wired data network in the land seismic operations to connect the Head Vibrator with the Recording Truck. The thesis provides a survey of the most important wireless data network technologies available. A comparison between them is done in order to determine the best suited for WesternGecos communication mechanism. The study has lead to the conclusion that IEEE 802.11g is the most suited technology. Through the use of high gain antennas, modification of MAC layer parameters and the proper channel allocation, the suggested solution is capable of responding what WesternGeco needs.
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Dehler, Sonya Astrid. "A seismic refraction study of the Queen Charlotte fault zone". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25867.
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The margin between the continental North American and oceanic Pacific plates west of the Queen Charlotte Islands is uniquely marked by an active transform fault zone. The region is the locus of oblique convergence between the two lithospheric plates. West of the fault zone the absent continental shelf is replaced by a 25 km wide scarp-bounded terrace at 2 km depth which separates the oceanic and continental crust.
An onshore-offshore seismic refraction survey was carried out in 1983 across the Queen Charlotte Islands region. Thirty-two explosive charges and several airgun lines were recorded on eleven land-based and six ocean-bottom instruments. A subset of the resulting data set was chosen to study the structure of the Queen Charlotte Fault zone and adjacent terrace.
Two-dimensional ray tracing and synthetic seismogram modelling produced a velocity structural model of the fault region. Underlying the deformed terrace sediments is an upper 3 km thick faulted unit with velocity 3.8 km/s and a high gradient. The lower crustal region is on average 10 km thick and has velocity 5.3 km/s and a slightly lower gradient. Beneath this unit the Moho increases in dip from 5° to 19° eastward. The terrace velocities are anomalously low compared to the adjacent oceanic and continental crustal structures. Velocities of the oceanic crust are consistent with those observed in ophiolite sequences. The velocity structure of the continental crust is not well-defined; however, vertical offset of 1.1 km is seismically observed on the Rennell-Louscoone Fault on Moresby Island.
Two tectonic mechanisms are proposed to explain the anomalous terrace structure. Subduction of the oceanic lithosphere beneath the terrace would accrete sediments to the seaward edge of the terrace and subduct material beneath it. Upthrusting of terrace material along near-vertical fault planes would result from compression at the transform fault above an inactive subduction zone. A combination or alternation of the two mechanisms would explain the observed fault zone structure.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Miao, Xiao Gui. "Integrated seismic study of the Sudbury structure and surrounding area". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23640.pdf.
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Powell, C. M. R. "A wide-angle, multichannel seismic study of the continental lithosphere". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233313.
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Previous experiments to record seismic data at wide angle on the continental shelf have generally been unsuccessful in determining velocity structure in the lower crust; either the lines were too short or shot-receiver density too sparse to identify lower crustal arrivals. In contrast, deep normal incidence profiles show good structural resolution in the crust and uppermost mantle. This dissertation describes a new sea-bottom multichannel instrument which was developed to record datasets containing closely spaced traces to improve the resolution of reversed wide-angle experiments on the continental shelf. The Pull-Up Multichannel Array (PUMA) is a 1200 m, 12 channel, hydrophone array for remotely recording seismic data on the sea-bed. It consists of 12 short hydrophone sections linked by 100 m long passive sections. A pressure case is attached at one end in which recording electronics, cassette tape recorders and a battery power supply are housed. The PUMA is deployed in less than 200 m of water from a research ship and moored to buoys for recovery. The instrument, which was successfully used in an experiment west of Lewis, Outer Hebrides, U.K., was specifically designed to determine a well constrained velocity structure for the crust and uppermost mantle over part of the BIRPS WINCH deep, normal incidence profile. Data recorded by the PUMA show a high signal to noise ratio and it is easy to correlate phases across the record section and to monitor changes in amplitude because traces are closely spaced. A velocity structure for the continental crust and uppermost mantle has been devised using amplitude modelling. The model is interpreted to show that: the upper crust consists of Lewisian gneiss metamorphosed in the amphibolite facies, and contains a low velocity zone which is probably granitic in composition; the middle crustal layer has virtually no velocity gradient; and the lower crust, represented by second arrivals, contains a high velocity gradient and probably consists of granulites. The Moho is at 27.0 ± 0.5 km depth. This is shown to be a layered boundary and it is suggested that this layering is caused by crustal underplating. There is little velocity gradient in the uppermost mantle. This model shows good agreement with the BIRPS WINCH section, although the Moho appears to coincide with the top rather than the base of a band of reflections at 8.3 s two-way travel time on unmigrated WINCH data.
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Lamb, O. D. "Monitoring lava dome eruptions : a seismic, acoustic and experimental study". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3008537/.
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Lava dome eruptions are one of the most dangerous forms of volcanic activity. Geophysical, experimental, field or numerical investigations over the past few decades have improved our understanding of dynamic processes associated with these eruptions. In this thesis, I use multi-disciplinary approaches to analyse unrest at four different volcanoes: Volcán de Colima, Unzen, Santiaguito dome complex and Mt. Redoubt. At Volcán de Colima, waveform correlation and seismic interferometry techniques are used to analyse seismic data collected prior to the November 1998 eruption. A decrease in seismic velocity is observed during pre-eruptive activity, consistent with rock failure caused by increased stress associated with the migration of magma towards the surface. This mechanism is confirmed by measurements during experimental Brazil tests on lava samples from the volcano. Furthermore, repetitive micro-cracking during the experiments suggest some repeating earthquakes detected at Volcán de Colima were produced by repeated tensile failure. At Unzen, I analyse seismic data collected during the formation of a lava spine during the last phase of the 1991-95 eruption. Two large groups of repeating earthquakes are identified and further analysis demonstrates how their sources migrated during their period of activation. Citing experimental and field observations, repeated slip motion along the margins of the spine are inferred as the source mechanisms for these earthquakes. Santiaguito dome complex is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, and here I present the first long-term seismo-acoustic dataset to be recorded at the volcano. The dataset captures a major transition in explosive activity that took place in 2015. Variations in energies and waveform arrival times are used to gain insights into the explosion source dynamics. During its eruption in 2009, Mt. Redoubt volcano erupted 19 times, at least 16 of which produced ash plumes tall enough to disrupt air traffic in the region. Using infrasound data recorded during two of these explosions and a three-dimensional plume rise model, I demonstrate how it is possible to efficiently and accurately estimate the ash plume height soon after an eruption begins. These four case studies demonstrate how using a combination of geophysical, experimental, numerical, and field observations can provide more robust interpretations of dynamic processes prior to or during lava dome eruptions. Therefore, multi-disciplinary approaches to studying volcanic activity can have important implications for hazard assessments at active volcanoes worldwide.
29
Tang, Genyang. "3-D seismic tomographic study in the Sumatra subduction zone". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610192.
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Blebo, Felix C. "Parametric Study of Seismic-Resistant Friction-Damped Braced Frame System". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1373818133.
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Kahn, Daniel Scott. "The Blake Ridge a study of multichannel seismic reflection data /". Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131223/unrestricted/kahn%5Fdaniel%5Fs%5F200405%5Fms.pdf.
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Wang, Jing-Shin, i 王景信. "The Study of Parallel Seismic Method and Ultra-Seismic Method in Practice". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19207129955332566106.
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碩士國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
94
Pile foundation is widely used in the Civil Engineering work. How to evaluate the pile for the quality control of construction of pile and to estimate the property of pile, are used to be concerned of piling project. Nondestructive test ( NDT ) is an economical, fast test method, and used widely in the world. The testing will not damage the testing pile. Now it becomes the most popular test method on the pile. Because of maintenance of the culture historical site of the old railway bridge, the Xia-Dan-Shui-Xi bridge is need to be reinforced at the foundation. The major purpose in this study is to use nondestructive method to determine the depth of the bottom of pier base. There are many methods can be used to estimate the depth of the pier. In this study, parallel seismic method and ultra seismic method were used to determine the depth of foundation. The results from the two methods show that they agree well. Using wavelet transform in this study can save the time during the signal processing, and make the analysis more smoothly.
33
Lu, Chih-Chieh, i 盧志杰. "Study on Seismic Analysis of Tunnel". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8nx653.
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博士國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
97
This research proposed modified cross section racking deformation (MCSRD) method and dynamic time history analysis to deal with the complicated problem of underground structure subject to seismic loading. The analysis procedures and several numerical key points of the proposed methods were discussed and studied in detail with several model examples. A simplified model for simulating nonlinear mechanic behavior of structure has been developed and combined into the two proposed methods for fully considering nonlinear interaction of tunnel and ground during analysis. The proposed nonlinear approaches were examined by several real or assumed cases of underground structures subject seismic loading, and the nonlinear collapse behavior of Daikai subway station during 1995 Kobe earthquake and the spalling of second lining of new Sanyi railway tunnel during 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake were satisfyingly simulated. Based on the results, the second lining should be suitably reinforced in seismic area. Dynamic time history analysis is needed for the tunnel embedded in liquefiable soil and the shallow tunnel in soft soil where the inertial force of tunnel structure plays an important role.
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Jwo, Guey-Rong, i 卓桂榮. "Study of Seismic Isolated Rigid Tank". Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35020135306692699591.
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碩士國立交通大學
土木工程系
87
In this thesis, the feasibility of using the friction pendulum systems for seismic isolation of storage tanks is investigated. The dynamic problems of seismically isolated storage tanks involve theories of fluid mechanics and structural dynamics. In this study, the hydrodynamics of rigid storage tanks is first derived based on theories of fluid mechanics and the hybrid structural-hydrodynamics of rigid tanks with seismic isolation is further developed in conjunction with the principles of structural dynamics. With the analytical model developed, the effectiveness of the friction pendulum systems is assessed and rigorous parametric studies have also been carried out for design purposes. Finally, a comparative design example of both the friction pendulum systems and the lead-rubber bearings for earthquake-resistant design of a storage tank has been presented to demonstrate the design process for such applications. Analytical results indicate that the friction pendulum systems can effectively suppress the seismic responses of the tanks and the performance of the isolation system with respect to different system parameters can be accurately predicted. In addition, the weight-varying characteristics of storage tanks make the friction pendulum systems more favorable than the lead rubber bearings since the dynamic characteristic of an isolated tank is invariable regardless of its weight if implemented with FPS. Keywords：seismic isolation, friction pendulum bearing,storage, tank, .
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Lin, Jiunn-Chang, i 林俊昌. "A Study on Seismic of SRC Structurs". Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03522347529003429678.
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碩士國立交通大學
土木工程學系
84
This research is devoted to the investigation of the earthquake resistant design of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) composite structures. An extensive literature survey was first conducted towards the state-of art design specifications of the U.S.A., Japan and other countries. Then, a systematic comparative study on the design rules of SRC members and detailing of beam-column joints among these specifications was made. It is intended that this comparison will provide some useful suggestions for the development of a new seismic design code of SRC structures in Taiwan. In addition, a study on the earthquake-resistant bending capacity of encased SRC beams is presented. A new method using the direct superposition approach is proposed, which shows satisfactory results as compared to the values predicted by other existing methods. In the meanwhile, a new design approach is proposed for the shear design of SRC members based on the concept of rigidity distribution method. In addition, this study attempts to investigate the design of lateral ties in concrete encased columns and the shear design of beam-column connection panels, the concrete confinement effect provided by structural steel web and flanges is considered in this study. It is found the results obtained from the proposed method are satisfactory. Finally, this study also presents a new set of equation to evaluate the structural ductility factor (response modification coefficient, R) of SRC buildings, which provides a rational basis for the determination of the R val ues to be used in the seismic design practice.
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Wang, Ke-Xin, i 王科欣. "Study on Seismic Evaluation of Curve Bridges". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/afxfm3.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木工程系土木與防災碩士班
106
The seismic capacity of domestic bridges evaluation mostly use pushover analysis or nonlinear timehistory analysis.Both of the two methods are closely linked with the vibration characteristics of bridges. Generally, the seismic capacity evaluation of straight bridges is based on the distribution of seismic forces to the vibration characteristics of the vehicle and the vertical direction. The nonlinear behavior pattern of the beam-column members is calculated by the auxiliary program as the plastic hinge setting of the beam-column members, and the capacity spectrum is utilized. The method of checking determines whether the seismic resistance of the bridge is sufficient. However, the vibration characteristics of curved bridges are not the same as straight bridges. Because the plane of the main beam is curved, the support points of the lower structure piers are not on the same straight line, and the upper and lower structures of the curved bridge are subjected to bending moment and torque. In the form of structure, when the curved bridge is subjected to seismic force, the column member is subjected to the axial force, the torque and the biaxial bending moment. Therefore, the mechanical characteristics of the curved bridge must be discussed. Currently, a complete set of curved bridges has not been developed in domestic.Through analysis to understand the basic characteristics of the curved bridge, and according to the mechanical behavior of the beam and column members plastic hinge setting and inspection, in order to achieve the purpose of accurate analysis. This study provides a complete set of analysis and analysis process for seismic performance of curved bridges. Considering the mechanical properties of curved bridges subjected to axial force and biaxial bending moment, the fiber element method is used to cut the section of the column section into non-surrounded areas. The fiber element, considering the nonlinear of the material of steel and concrete, incorporating with equilibrium and compatibility condition, the constitutive law of concrete proposed by Kawashima et. al. as well as the elastoplastic model of reinforcement was taken into account mechanically, analyzes the axial force and biaxial bending moment interaction curve (PMM interaction curve), and considers the curve bridge to be subjected to torque. The reaction and define its nonlinear behavior. In this study, the SAP2000 structural analysis software was used to establish a curved bridge analysis model, and the plastic hinges of each bridge column were established by the above theoretical analysis. The effects of earthquakes on different directions and different grade of input on curved bridges were considered, and the responses of each bridge column were analyzed. At the same time, a biaxial bending moment check program was developed to check the failure order and failure pattern of column members under different earthquake conditions. Finally, the analysis results summary table was compiled as the overall reaction of the case study. The results of the research can provide engineers with reference for seismic analysis and design of curved bridges.
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Braun, Sascha [Verfasser]. "Quantitative analysis of carbonate sandbodies : outcrop analog study from an epicontinental basin (Triassic Germany) / vorgelegt von Sascha Braun". 2004. http://d-nb.info/972545824/34.
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TSAI, I.-JEN, i 蔡宜真. "Shaking Table Study on Seismic Performance of Scaled-Down Models with Mid-Story Seismic Isolation". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86926778066390293091.
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Jones, Nathaniel Baird. "Integrated lidar and outcrop study of syndepositional faults and fractures in the Capitan Formation, Gaudalupe Mountains, New Mexico, U.S.A". 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21892.
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An appreciation of the extent of syndepositional fracturing, faulting, and
cementation of carbonate platform margins is essential to understanding the role of early
diagenesis and compaction in margin deformation. This study uses integrated lidar and
outcrop data along the Capitan Reef from an area encompassing the mouths of both
Rattlesnake and Walnut Canyons. Mapping geomorphic expressions of syndepositional
faults and fractures at multiple scales of observation was the main approach to
delineating zones of syndepositional fractures. Ridge- groove couplets visible in
exposures of the Capitan Reef throughout the Guadalupe Mountains were targeted
because the ability to identify these as signs of syndepositional fracture development
would have implications for the entire reef complex. Results show that these ridgegroove
couplets are the product of differential weathering of syndepositional as well as
burial-related fractures. Recessive grooves have an average syndepositional fracture
spacing of ~13 m whereas ridges have a spacing of ~33 m.
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Smaller (~5-20 m-wide) scale erosional lineaments common in the study area and
mappable on airborne lidar are formed by differential erosion of planes of
syndepositional faults. Maps of these fault lineaments on the lidar show that
syndepositional faults extend laterally for 300 m - 2000 m and relay near the terminations
of the faults at each end. Faults can be further grouped into fault systems consisting of
sets of faults connected by fault relays that extend for at least the entire length (~12 km)
of the study area. Although vertical displacement along faults is typically less than 11 m,
syndepositional faults result in changes in structural dip domain of 1-6 degrees across an
individual fault.
Even smaller erosional lineaments (10 cm-1 m) are visible on the airborne lidar
that form as a result of differential erosion of individual fractures. Larger fractures (> 20
cm) can be reliably mapped on the lidar, but smaller features (< 20 cm) cannot be reliably
mapped with currently available data and can only be captured using field studies.
Fracture fill types are heterogeneous along strike as shown by comparisons of field study
locations. Siliciclastic-dominated fills are likely sourced from overlying siliciclastic units
of the shelf, which, in this area, were from the Ocotillo Siltstone. These silt-filled
fractures are broadly distributed, indicating preferential development and infill of
syndepositional fractures during the deposition of the Ocotillo Siltstone in the G27/28
high-frequency sequences. Development of early fractures is also shown to have been
influenced by mechanical stratigraphy with changes in fracture spacing between massive
to thick-bedded shelf-margin (~17 m fracture spacing) and outer-shelf facies tracts versus
thin-bedded outer-shelf and shelf-crest (~28 m fracture spacing).
Ultimately, this study demonstrated that the Capitan shelf margin was
ubiquitously overprinted by syndepositional fracturing and faulting and that this nearsurface
structural modification influenced early diagenetic patterns and internal
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sedimentation throughout the reef margin. Before this study, the extent and nature of
syndepositional fracture/fault development within the margin were largely unquantified.
Here, by integrating field observations and surface weathering reflections of these
fractures as observed in the lidar, we can demonstrate a widespread impact of early
fracturing more akin to analogous early-lithified margins such as the Devonian of the
Canning Basin of Australia.text
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Weng, Ming-Chieh, i 翁明傑. "A Study on Seismic Performance and Design Aids of Improved YS-AR Seismic Isolators & Snubbers". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49280236850457900725.
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碩士國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
91
This research is to evaluate the seismic capacity of YS-AR Seismic Isolators&Snubbers. This research work can be categorized into four parts and is described as followings： 1、Checking and improving of YS-AR Seismic Isolators&Snubbers YS-AR Seismic Isolators&Snubbers should have the effective vibration isolation capacity first , and then the strength against earthquake can be discussed. First, the motion of base-isolated machine has to match the principle of vibration isolation. When mismatch was found, an improving method was suggested. 2、Basic property investigation The part emphasize the mechanical characteristics of springs and rubber inside YS-AR Seismic Isolators&Snubbers. Energy method is used to deduce the axial and lateral stiffness of springs. Experiments were carried out to verify the analytical results. And a series of experiments analyzed the stiffness and damping characteristics of rubber. 3、System behavior invertigation A concrete block simulating Base-isolated machine was made and tested on an actuator and a shaking table to compare with the numerical analysis. Possible damage patterns were developed based on findings from this experiment. 4、System seimic evaluation investigation Several evaluation methods were proposed to evaluate the strength of base-isolated machines against earchquake in order to choose appropriate type of YS-AR Seismic Isolators&Snubbers. A flow chart to evaluate seismic capacity of isolations was developed.
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Huang, Ching-chia, i 黃慶甲. "Shallow Seismic Reflection Study in the Puli Basin". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vx2kr8.
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碩士國立中央大學
地球物理研究所
96
The Taiwan island is located in the convergent zone between the Eurasian continental plate and the Philippine sea plate. Due to the plate collision, there rise a lot of high mountains on the island. The main mountain chains include the Central Range and the Hsuehshan Range. However, in this compression environment, there exist some basins in the southern portion of the Hsuehshan range. Several researches have been conducted to interpret the causes of this basin group. Due to lack of drilling and geophysical data, many ambiguities still exist about the structure and the development processes of these basins, especially the largest one, the Puli basin. In this study, we use the high-resolution shallow seismic reflection to explore the Puli basin. The targets are to figure out the forms of the Tertiary basement and the Quaternary formations of the basin, and basing on these to investigate the mechanisms which may generate the basin. After combining many observations, we obtain the following conclusions: (1) The deepest basement in the Puli basin dose not exceed 600m, and is deeper in the western portion. The top 100m of the basin sediment is dominant with the gravel and the deeper part with the sand and the mud. (2) The velocity of the P wave in the Puli basin is 2200m/s, and the S wave, 950m/s. The velocity of P wave in the basement is 4300m/s, S wave is 2000m/s. Because of plenty of gravels, the velocity of S wave is relatively high, which induces strong groundrolls and significantly interferes the seismic field work. (3) The basement rock belongs to the Paileng Formation. It is revealed to have 2 anticlines and 1 syncline with the wavelength about 4km and the height about 1km. (4) The sediment layers within the basin are not flat, but with apparent dipping angles. Furthermore, the layers tilt more in deeper places, which implies continuous compression keeps occurring during the sedimentation processes. The upper gravel layer is nearly horizontal, which may show a stronger erosion control by the surface drainage system. (5) There are not apparent faults discovered in the basin. (6) The mechanism of down warping may be dominant in the early stage of the basin, however, in the later stage it is controlled by the river erosion.
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lan, guang-ting, i 藍光庭. "A Study of Seismic Assessment of RC Buildings". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49bbb5.
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碩士國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
94
The objective of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of applying the capacity spectrum method to assess the seismic capability of the low-rise, RC building of irregularities. The nonlinear time history responses of the RC building to ground motions are used as basis for justification. The parameters suggested by ATC-40 are adopted in the method of pushover and the formulas suggested by EUROCODE 8 are used in the time history response analysis respectively to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of RC beams and columns. In addition, three sets of earthquake time history records are used as excitations in nonlinear time history response analysis. A low-rise RC building on campus of the National Central University is analyzed numerically to understand the differences between the results of the above mentioned methods. It is found that the results of seismic assessment by using the capacity spectrum method for the low-rise, RC building of irregularities will be acceptable.
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Shih-TienLiao i 廖仕田. "A Study on Seismic Resistant Suspended Ceiling Systems". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17058280369746799101.
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碩士國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
98
the Building structures in Taiwan have been strengthened along with the provision improvement in the building codes. However, the reconnaissance reports after some minor to moderate earthquakes revealed that nonstructural components are easily damaged before the structural failure occurrs. Among all nonstructural components, the suspension ceiling is one of the most often damaged systems, due to the strength of the suspension systems weren’t robust enough and no any aseismic measure has been applied to them. Therefore, in order to increase the aseismic capability of the ceiling suspension system, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the Architecture and Building Research Institute, Taiwan, have issued ASTM E580 and TAGSC, respectively, as the installation standards for the practitioners to follow. In this paper, both the numerical analysis and the experimental studies, including the shake table and the material tests, were performed to investigate the seismic behaviors of the suspension ceiling systems. In the shake table experiments, the excitation inputs were tri-axial and compatible to the AC156 response spectrum, the acceptable criterion for seismic qualification by shake table tests on the nonstructural components. To compare the difference among the systems following the ASTM E580, TAGSC, and the common assembling without considering any aseismic measure, three specimens were tested. The result may be used for further improvement of the provisions in the TAGSC. After the research process, the testing and analytical results yielded some main findings as following: 1.The shake table testing results showed that the ceiling specimen installed following the ASTM E580 could resist the 960gal AC156 excitation without any damage; Some panels of the TAGSC specimen dropped at the 960gal input, due to the strength of the elements (main-tee or cross-tee) in its suspension system didn’t meet the requirement. For the third specimen installed without any aseismic measure, its suspension system detached and severely damaged at the 600gal AC156 excitation. 2.In the shake table experiments, the perimeter fixing devices, lateral force bracing, and the strut stabilizers for keeping the perimeter components from spreading apart played important roles in enhancing the seismic performance of the ceiling suspension systems. 3.The material testing results revealed that the section strengths of the main-tee and cross-tee elements were stronger than that of their joint connectors; therefore the joint strengths determined the damage threshold of the ceiling specimens. From the experimental data, it was found the requirement of 80kgf in the ASTM E580 for the joint strength is rational. 4.From the numerical analysis on the suspension ceiling systems with different ceiling areas, it revealed that the maximum axial forces of the suspension elements occurred at two locations: the first one is the joint where bracing installed, and the other is the edge with perimeter fixing devices.
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林廷彥. "A Study on the Bridge Column Seismic Strengthening". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05816326066198249060.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災技術研究所
90
During the past decade, many large-scale earthquakes occurred consecutively around the world including Taiwan. These earthquakes resulted in serious damage to many buildings and public facilities. The codes for designing structures with earthquake resistance were then revisited. In this way, some existing bridges can not meet the newly revised codes that appropriate strengthened works are needed to assure the safety of the bridges during earthquakes. How to select a proper strengthen construction method as well as materials in order to satisfy the requirements of safety, economy, applicability, and durability is an important task to the bridge management authorities. The present study is aimed at circular bridge columns. At first, the resilience analysis of circular bridge columns is introduced. Then, a comparative analysis based on the construction methods, design theories as well as the material properties with respect to three types of jacketing strengthened methods using different materials, namely RC, steel-plate, and FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic), frequently applied to the bridge construction. The performance in safety, applicability, durability, and the characteristic of each jacketing strengthened method are also discussed. A comparative study to the cost of confined strengthening a single bridge column using three different materials is then given. Finally, a flow chart for the selection of the most appropriate strengthening method is provided. It is expected to serve as a guideline for the future designs.
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Chen, Chih-Jung, i 陳致融. "Seismic study of shallow reflection of Hsinchu fault". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14238214821191675615.
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Huang, Wen-sheng, i 黃文生. "A mineralogical study of hydrothermally altered biotite from a dacite outcrop in the Chinkuashih gold-copper mining area, northern Taiwan". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33893025942749622400.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立成功大學
地球科學系專班
96
Optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to characterize a sequence of hydrothermal alteration products of biotite collected from a dacite outcrop in the Chinkuashi Au-Cu mining area. The purpose is to understand the relationships among the formation of secondary minerals, properties of hydrothermal fluids, and migration behaviors of major elements during the hydrothermal alteration processes. The studied dacite was locally affected by hydrothermal fluids, losing igneous textures by progressive argillitization. A transition sequence of layer-silicate assemblage involving primary biotite + vermiculite �_ primary biotite + mixed-layer biotite/vermiculite (B/V) + vermiculite �_ hydrobiotite + vermiculite + kaolinite �_ vermiculite + kaolinite was identified to occur with increasing degree of alteration. The proportion of biotite relative to B/V decreased in early stages with the initial B/V having a high biotite component. In the advanced stage of alteration, hydrobioite was formed and its abundance relative to vermiculite progressively decreased. The occurrence of vermiculite was associated with the formation of kaolinite derived from altered plagioclase inclusions. The kaolinite locally filled in the microfissures of other phyllosilicates. The hydrothermal fluids probably changed from early weakly acidic to acidic with a temperature of 200-300°C for the formation of vermiculite in later stages. The initial stage of hydrothermal activities had probably involved a higher fluid temperature favoring the formation of hydrobiotite. The crystal form of biotite had been well preserved throughout the entire processes of hydrothermal alteration. The early alteration processes were likely to occur via progressive local dissolution and re-precipitation along microfissures, forming pseudomorphs consisting of interlaced packets of biotite and B/V interlayers. The transformation to form vermiculite probably occurred through similar processes. EDS analyses suggest that the interlayer potassium and sodium cations of biotite were first removed and the octahedral magnesium and iron and tetrahedral aluminum and silicon cations were subsequently mobilized, consistent with the general trend of mobilization of major elements during hydrothermal alteration processes. The stepwise transformation of biotite �_ hydrobiotite �_ vermiculite implies that hydrobiotite may have a unique structure and a thermodynamic state different from common intermediate mixed-layer minerals.
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Akerberg, Peeter Michael. "A study of seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous crust". Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/19345.
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Three different aspects of estimating properties from seismic data are treated in this thesis: (1) Deterministic processing of a high resolution shallow seismic data set with good geologic control, (2) traveltime estimation from complicated models described statistically, and (3) estimation of a the vertical autocorrelation length of such models.
The first part of this thesis is the processing and interpretation of a shallow seismic dataset collected in an open pit copper mine near Tyrone, New Mexico. The seismic image is compared with the outcrop in the open pit mine wall along which the seismic line was collected, and with drill data obtained from the mine operators. Specific features imaged by the experiment include the base of the overlaying sediment, the base of the leached capping, and fractures and shear zones that control local ground water flow. The features in the migrated section compare well with outcrop and drill data.
The second part of the thesis studies the systematic bias of velocities estimated from first arrival travel times measured from a class of very complicated velocity models. Traveltimes were computed for statistically described velocity models with anisotropic von Karman correlation functions. The results of a finite difference eikonal solver, corresponding to very small wavelength experiments, are compared to results from picking first arrivals of full wavefield finite difference simulations. The eikonal solver results show the largest systematic bias, corresponding to the ray theoretical limit, and the results from the full wavefield experiments are smaller, but with very similar dependence on aspect ratio of the anisotropic correlation function.
The third part defines two methods to obtain the vertical correlation length from seismic data approximated by the primary reflectivity series, which conventionally is used as the ideal result of seismic imaging. The first method is based on fitting a theoretical power spectrum based on the known source spectrum and fractal dimension to the average vertical power spectrum of the seismograms. This method works for a range of conditions where the correlation length is relatively small compared to the wavelength. Larger correlation lengths can be estimated by a second method based on deconvolving and integrating the seismogram to obtain an approximation of a vertical slice of the velocity model.
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Chen, Yu-jen, i 陳禹任. "A Study of Seismic Analysis of Three-Tower Structure". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kextr9.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
100
Abstract Design of two or three tower building are gaining popularity in Taiwan, however seismic behavior of these unregular buildings are significant different from the regular ones. Variation of the stiffness, mass or stories of these towers could generate unexpected behaviors of the structure. In short, following the design guideline of the regular structure on these unregular structure will cause blind spot on analysis and design, resulting in inadequate design. In this study, three-tower structure with symmetrical and unsymmetrical configures are investigated. Design response spectrum analysis with ETABS to study the displacement, shear and dynamic eccentricity of the structure. The effects of parameters such as mass ratio, stiffness ratio, tower stories, and tower floor plan ratio are studies. The reseach result are as follows: (1) Symmetry of the tower structure could be designed well as seismic resistance structure. (2) The substrate dynamic eccentricity of three-tower structure is very sensitive to the stiffness ratio and mass ratio of the outside tower. (3) For unsymmetry of the tower structure with the different story outside tower, by maintaining the periods of individual tower to be equal, (change stiffness or mass) reducing of the dynamic eccentricity could be achieved. (4) For the unsymmetry three-tower structure with the different stories outside tower, by assuming the relation between period, mass, stiffness and height, stiffness ratio and mass ratio could be estimated. Using the result of this studing the dynamic eccentricity could be estimated and used for preliminary design.
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Lin, Tzung Yu, i 林宗瑜. "A Study of Mitigation Method for Seismic structural Pounding". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87736398760397874214.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
88
Abstract During past earthquakes, structural pounding between adjacent buildings was observed in many cases. This study compared four possible mitigation method: stiffening, rigid linking, damper linking, and additional damping. Fifteen earthquake records were adopted as input for analysis, parameters as period ratio, floor mass ratio, and damping ratio are studied. Their influences on separation gap to avoid pounding, story drift, and linking forces are investigated. The results are: (1)These methods could prevent seismic structural pounding. (2)Structural stiffening or rigid linking would reduce separation demand but could raise dynamic response. (3)Additional structural damping or damper linking could reduce separation demand and dynamic response with their additional energy dissipation. In general, adding 5%~15% structural damping or using damper linking of 5%~10% damping ratio could reduce separation to 20~30 cm. (4)There are much indeterminacy in mitigation design where engineering judgement is needed, such as the magnitude of earthquake, the period of structure and the period ratio of adjacent structures. The study provides design flow chart and examples for engineers, and finally code suggestion are proposed.
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Yu, Jinn-Horng, i 游進宏. "Theoretical Study Utilizing Seismic Wave Methods on Geotechnical Systems". Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05378204705051967210.
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碩士淡江大學
土木工程研究所
82
In this study, discrete Green's solution modelling the stress waves propagating along layered geotechnical systems was used to abtain the surface deflection of the system subjected to dynamic loads. The seismic refraction and reflection methods were theoretically studied by comparing normalized Green's solutions recorded at various locations from the source with the analytic time-offset curves computed using the raypath theorm. The results of this study showed proper reliability of the seismic refraction and reflection methods. Modelling of the rigidity of baserock may influence the observation of refraction waves. The groundwater position can be detected using both methods. However, partial saturation of the soils above groundwater level will contaminate such observation especially when the saturation is greater than 50%. The offsets between the source-receiver are found to be least four times the sampling depth for better observation of refraction method while it is suggested as 2~6 sampling depth for the reflection method. The refration method is also found to be interpretated easily without the wave interference. Moreover, the results of the reflection wave observation show larger wave amplitudes under arbitary condition.