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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Pasture ecology”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 5 marca 2023

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1

Reed, Kinsey, and Ember M. Morrissey. "Bridging Ecology and Agronomy to Foster Diverse Pastures and Healthy Soils." Agronomy 12, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081893.

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Renovating pastures to increase forage species diversity is a burgeoning practice among producers. Over a century of grassland and small-plot research suggests that increasing plant diversity can lead to improved pasture productivity, resilience, and soil health. However, it remains hard to decipher how these benefits translate to grazed production systems given the limited experimentation in realistic grazing systems. There is a disconnect between ecological and agronomic research regarding what qualifies as a “diverse” grassland or pasture. This review aims to examine the current state of re

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SARMIENTO, FAUSTO O. "Arrested succession in pastures hinders regeneration of Tropandean forests and shreds mountain landscapes." Environmental Conservation 24, no. 1 (March 1997): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892997000052.

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Arrested succession is conspicuous in the abandoned pastures of the Andean piedmont that have encroached upon the tropical montane forests toward higher limits and steeper slopes. Habitat 'shredding' is analysed to depict the current spatial configuration of tropical Andean landscapes, based on fragmentation patterns prompted by seed dispersal ecology and pasture encroachment.Seed dispersal was studied to address the hypo-thesis that seed input constrains the recruitment of montane forest seedlings, thus impeding pasture conversion to forest. It turns out that a better competitor, the tussock

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3

Robinson, GG, and PM Dowling. "The effect of proportion of sown grasses on pasture and animal production from fertilised pastures on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 7, no. 2 (1985): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9850088.

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Pasture and animal production from fertilised pastures with varying proportions of sown grass (0-60%) were recorded and compared. The presence of sown grass increased pasture production when compared to natural pasture, but no difference was detected in liveweight or wool production between the var- ious pastures. It is doubtful whether sowing of introduced grasses for wool production can be justified at the levels of grazing intensity usually adopted on the Northern Tablelands.

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4

Silcock, R. G., T. J. Hall, P. G. Filet, A. M. Kelly, D. Osten, and T. W. G. Graham. "Floristic composition and pasture condition of Aristida/Bothriochloa pastures in central Queensland. II. Soil and pasture condition interactions." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 2 (2015): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14107.

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Sustainable management of native pastures requires an understanding of what the bounds of pasture composition, cover and soil surface condition are for healthy pastoral landscapes to persist. A survey of 107 Aristida/Bothriochloa pasture sites in inland central Queensland was conducted. The sites were chosen for their current diversity of tree cover, apparent pasture condition and soil type to assist in setting more objective bounds on condition ‘states’ in such pastures. Assessors’ estimates of pasture condition were strongly correlated with herbage mass (r = 0.57) and projected ground cover

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5

Lodge, G. M. "Studies of soil seedbanks in native and sown pastures in northern New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01007.

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Total and germinable soil seedbanks (litter and soil) were studied for a native pasture and three sown pastures (dominated by Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa) in northern New South Wales from 1993 to 1996. Soil core samples were taken from continuously grazed plots for both pasture types and two oversown treatments in the native pasture and from a spring-autumn rest treatment at the sown pasture sites. At each site above ground herbage mass was also estimated regularly as part of the Temperate Pasture Sustainability Key Program. For all sites and treatments, the proportion of germinable seeds

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6

Vere, D. T., R. E. Jones, and M. H. Campbell. "The economics of temperate pasture systems on the central and southern Tablelands of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01003.

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Pastures are the basis of most forms of agricultural production on the New South Wales central and southern tablelands. Pastures occupy the bulk of the region's landmass and pasture-based livestock production annually contributes more than three-quarters of the regional gross value of rural production. Throughout the region, there is substantial variation in pasture composition, ranging from high quality introduced perennial grasses and legumes to pastures comprising mainly low quality native species. This paper examines the economics of the main categories of temperate pastures over a range o

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7

Robertson, G. "Effect of drought and high summer rainfall on biomass and comsumption of grazed pastures in western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 9, no. 2 (1987): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9870079.

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The biomass and composition of grazed pastures near Menindee, in westem New South wales, were estimated over a range of seasonal condilions between 1980 and 1985. Differences in biomass and composition of pastures grazed separately by kangaroos and by a mixture of sheep and kangaroos were minor. Pasture biomass ranged from 7 kgha during a drought to 1,100 kgha following high summer rainfall. Overall, biomass average 374 kgha with a slandard deviation among years of 302 kgha. Pasture biomass fluctuated markedly among calendar seasons and years in response to erratic rainfall and grazing. I-Iigh

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8

Stevens, D. R. "Managing sheep and beef farm systems - where does pasture persistence fit in?" NZGA: Research and Practice Series 15 (January 1, 2011): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.15.2011.3202.

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Pasture persistence is highly rated by sheep and beef farmers as an important factor determining wholefarm performance. Managing pastures to ensure the persistence of newly sown pasture species must be considered as a part of the decision making process of the whole farm. The farmer aims to optimise the outcomes of resource use over time, rather than maximise any single resource, and therefore grazing decisions must be considered in this context. Pasture renewal is a major event-driven disruption that replaces current pasture species with competitive species, creating a grass-legume complex th

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9

Silcock, R. G., T. J. Hall, P. G. Filet, A. M. Kelly, D. Osten, C. M. Schefe, and P. T. Knights. "Floristic composition and pasture condition of Aristida/Bothriochloa pastures in central Queensland. I. Pasture floristics." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 2 (2015): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14106.

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A survey was conducted in central inland Queensland, Australia of 108 sites that were deemed to contain Aristida/Bothriochloa native pastures to quantitatively describe the pastures and attempt to delineate possible sub-types. The pastures were described in terms of their floristic composition, plant density and crown cover. There were generally ~20 (range 5–33) main pasture species at a site. A single dominant perennial grass was rare with three to six prominent species the norm. Chrysopogon fallax (golden-beard grass) was the perennial grass most consistently found in all pastures whereas Ar

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10

Graetz, RD. "A Comparative Study of Sheep Grazing a Semi-Arid Saltbush Pasture in Two Condition Classes." Rangeland Journal 8, no. 1 (1986): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9860046.

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Measurements were made of the wool growth, body weight gain and diet of sheep grazing a saltbush pasture near Broken Hill, N.S.W. The experiment utilized a fenceline contrast in saltbush (Atriplex vesrcarra) density that was visible on Landsat imagery. It ran for five years (1976-1981) with a design of two pasture types by two stocking rates. Fleece weights varied from 3.9-6.0 kg/head and wool production from 0.6-2.9 kg/ha. Neither wool production per head nor bodyweight were substantially affected by stocking rate or pasture type. The composition and quality of the diets selected by sheep on

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11

Kaur, Kamaljit, David J. Midmore, Rajesh K. Jalota, and Nanjappa Ashwath. "Pasture composition in cleared and uncleared woodlands." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 5 (2006): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05174.

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Land clearing in Queensland is often practised to enhance pasture production, and hence, increase financial returns from beef production. The benefits of clearing have been quantified in terms of short-term gains in pasture yield but have not adequately accounted for possible medium- or longer-term impediments that may be attributed to clearing. Therefore, impacts of clearing and the subsequent sowing of exotic grasses such as Cenchrus ciliaris L. on pasture composition and production were studied. To achieve this, paired sites were selected representing cleared and uncleared pastures across t

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12

Kaur, K., R. K. Jalota, D. J. Midmore, and J. Rolfe. "Pasture production in cleared and uncleared grazing systems of central Queensland, Australia." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 2 (2005): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05012.

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Clearing land of trees and introducing exotic pastures to enhance pasture and cattle production and hence enterprise financial performance are widely practised in Queensland. The results from many previous studies on tree clearing have emphasised the gains in pasture production, but over periods of less than 10–15 years after clearing. The present study questioned the sustainability of pasture production in cleared systems over a longer time-frame (>10 years of clearing). For this, three different age groups of clearing i.e. 5 year, 11–13 year and 33 year were selected in each of 3 major ty

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13

Wick, B., E. Veldkamp, W. Z. de Mello, M. Keller, and P. Crill. "Nitrous oxide fluxes and nitrogen cycling along a pasture chronosequence in Central Amazonia, Brazil." Biogeosciences 2, no. 2 (August 2, 2005): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-2-175-2005.

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Abstract. We studied nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and soil nitrogen (N) cycling following forest conversion to pasture in the central Amazon near Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Two undisturbed forest sites and 27 pasture sites of 0.5 to 60 years were sampled once each during wet and dry seasons. In addition to soil-atmosphere fluxes of N2O we measured 27 soil chemical, soil microbiological and soil physical variables. Soil N2O fluxes were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. Fluxes of N2O from forest soils always exceeded fluxes from pasture soils and showed no consistent trend with pasture

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14

Wick, B., E. Veldkamp, W. Z. de Mello, M. Keller, and P. Crill. "Nitrous oxide fluxes and nitrogen cycling along a pasture chronosequence in Central Amazonia, Brazil." Biogeosciences Discussions 2, no. 3 (May 4, 2005): 499–535. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-2-499-2005.

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Abstract. We studied nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and soil nitrogen (N) cycling following forest conversion to pasture in the central Amazon near Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Two undisturbed forest sites and 27 pasture sites of 0.5 to 60 years were sampled once each during wet and dry seasons. In addition to soil-atmosphere fluxes of N2O we measured 27 soil chemical, soil microbiological and soil physical variables. Soil N2O fluxes were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. Fluxes of N2O from forest soils always exceeded fluxes from pasture soils and showed no consistent trend with pasture

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15

López-Olmedo, L. I., J. A. Meave, and E. A. Pérez-García. "Floristic and structural contrasts between natural savannas and anthropogenic pastures in a tropical dry landscape." Rangeland Journal 29, no. 2 (2007): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07007.

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The magnitude of the biological differentiation between natural savannas and pastures (anthropogenic grasslands) coexisting in a single landscape, in terms of their floristic composition and community structure, was studied in the Nizanda region, Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca State, southern Mexico. Vegetation samples of 15 m2 each were taken at 20 savanna and 11 pasture sites. Cover- and species richness-based diversity and dominance indices were calculated. Geomorphological and edaphic characteristics were also compared. Savannas generally occurred in hill summits with very shallow and ston

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16

Barnes, Phoebe, Brian R. Wilson, Mark G. Trotter, David W. Lamb, Nick Reid, Terry Koen, and Leopold Bayerlein. "The patterns of grazed pasture associated with scattered trees across an Australian temperate landscape: an investigation of pasture quantity and quality." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 2 (2011): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj10068.

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Scattered paddock trees occur across agricultural landscapes in Australia. However, in the temperate regions of Australia their numbers are rapidly declining and they may be lost across much of the landscape in 200 years. Here we examined the spatial distribution of green (GDB), senescent (SDB) and total (TDB) dry pasture biomass, and nutrient status of the GDB fraction around scattered Eucalyptus trees on three parent materials (basalt, granite and meta-sediment) in native and sown pastures across a range of grazed temperate landscapes in northern New South Wales. We used a combination of des

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17

Stephenson, RGA, DA Pritchard, PM Pepper, and PT Connelly. "The effect of different pasture management strategies in north-west Queensland on liveweight gain and wool growth rate of several groups of young sheep." Rangeland Journal 7, no. 2 (1985): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9850075.

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The effect of three different pasture management strategies on liveweight gain and wool growth rate of young(weaner) sheep was examined immediately after weaning on Mitchell grass-Flinders grass pastures during the dry season of north-west Queensland. The pasture management strategies were designed to mimic various industry situations, while the performance of four different progeny groups was compared and used to provide an overall assessment of pasture quality. Pasture treatments (experiment 1) consisted of three paddocks, a harvested (c. 8% of pasture harvested and baled) and spelled, a spe

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18

Nadolny, Christopher. "Towards integrating farming and conservation: the role of native pastures." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 1 (1998): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980070.

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Agriculture has almost certainly contributed to the decline of native vegetation and wildlife in rural Australia. A prevalent culture supports agricultural systems that rely on the use of exotic plants and animals and greater use of chemicals and machinery. In general, these systems do not fully utilize or take account of the indigenous biota. The full implications of implementing such farming systems on a landscape scale are seldom considered. I use the grazing industry on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales to illustrate two contrasting approaches: (1) "pasture improvement" involving

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19

Vere, D. T., R. E. Jones, and M. H. Campbell. "Long-term change in the economic productivity of four major pasture categories on the south-eastern Tablelands of New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01002.

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The perception of change or decline in the productivity of temperate pastures in south-eastern Australia is an important concern to livestock producers and pasture scientists. Much of this concern relates to reductions in the proportions of desirable species in the composition of pasture systems as a result of increased soil and weed problems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate trends in the long-term economic productivity of four categories of temperate pastures (all introduced pastures, introduced perennial grasses, introduced legumes and all native pastures) on the central and sout

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Vere, D. T., and M. H. Campbell. "Potential economic benefits to the Australian wool industry from improving pastures in the hill country of eastern New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 26, no. 2 (2004): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj04011.

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Large areas of undeveloped pastures in non-arable hill country in eastern New South Wales could be improved by aerial methods. The potential economic benefits of pasture improving a portion of the hill country area were evaluated in terms of the economic welfare changes in the Australian wool industry. Hill country wool producers and international wool consumers would derive nearly all of the benefits from this process. Other Australian and international wool producers would lose economic welfare because of the reduced price from increased regional wool production. For conservative anticipated

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21

Carvalho, Bruno Humberto Rezende, Lilian Elgalise Techio Pereira, André Fischer Sbrissia, Gabriel De Oliveira Rocha, and Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos. "Height and mowing of pasture at the end of winter modulate the tillering of Marandu palisadegrass in spring." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(9)13-22.

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In pastures subjected to stockpiling, the tiller population goes through an intense process of self-thinning, hindering the recruitment of new tillers in the subsequent season. We evaluated different pasture management strategies in late winter in an attempt to modify tiller recruitment during spring. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu was maintained at 4 different levels (heights) of stockpiled pasture at the end of winter: short (15.1 cm), medium (23.2 cm), tall (31.4 cm) and tall/mown (31.3 cm, mown to 8 cm). In October (early spring), the short and tall/mown pastures had a tiller appearance ra

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Kaiser, J. "ECOLOGY: A Nasty Brew From Pasture Fires." Science 277, no. 5330 (August 29, 1997): 1205a—1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5330.1205a.

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Hunt, John E., Johannes Laubach, Matti Barthel, Anitra Fraser, and Rebecca L. Phillips. "Carbon budgets for an irrigated intensively grazed dairy pasture and an unirrigated winter-grazed pasture." Biogeosciences 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2016): 2927–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2927-2016.

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Abstract. Intensification of pastoral agriculture is occurring rapidly across New Zealand, including increasing use of irrigation and fertiliser application in some regions. While this enables greater gross primary production (GPP) and livestock grazing intensity, the consequences for the net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) of the pastures are poorly known. Here, we determined the NECB over one year for an irrigated, fertilised and rotationally grazed dairy pasture and a neighbouring unirrigated, unfertilised, winter-grazed pasture. Primary terms in the NECB calculation were: net ecosystem prod

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Steele, C. H., J. R. King, E. H. Boughton, and D. Jenkins. "Distribution of the Red Imported Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Central Florida Pastures." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 4 (May 20, 2020): 956–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa037.

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Abstract Habitat disturbance has been found to facilitate the introduction of a wide range of species, including the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Despite the link between S. invicta colonization and disturbance, little is known about how different intensities or types of disturbance might impact S. invicta populations. In this study, we used S. invicta populations in cattle pastures to understand how variation in disturbance type and frequency correlates with the density of S. invicta mounds. In total, 56 plots were surveyed for mound ab

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Walsh, Dionne, and Robyn A. Cowley. "Looking back in time: can safe pasture utilisation rates be determined using commercial paddock data in the Northern Territory?" Rangeland Journal 33, no. 2 (2011): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11003.

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A ‘safe’ pasture utilisation rate is defined as the proportion of annual forage growth that can be consumed by domestic livestock without adversely affecting land condition in the long term. Pasture utilisation rates are thus a cornerstone of a sustainable grazing industry because they directly determine livestock carrying capacity. Until now, it has only been possible to determine utilisation rates in the Northern Territory via expensive and time-consuming grazing trials. Reliance on this method has limited the validation of safe utilisation rates for the range of land types used for pastoral

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Couto, M. C. M., S. Quinelato, C. N. Santos, L. S. Souza, I. B. M. Saio, and M. L. A. Rodrigues. "Environmental influence in cyathostominae ecology." Veterinární Medicína 53, No. 5 (June 13, 2008): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1950-vetmed.

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Studies of the survival, recovery and migration of cyathostomin infective larvae in a Bermuda grass (<I>Cynodon dactylon</I>) pasture were carried out in the Baixada Fluminense county, Rio de Janeiro state. Fresh feces (± 1 kg) from naturally infected horses were deposited monthly on Bermuda grass. Samples of feces and surrounding grass were collected every seven days, from March 2005 to March 2007, and larva were counted. In the feces, cyathostomin L<sub>3</sub> survived for up to 15 weeks, with higher recovery rates during the rainy period (46 228/kg dried herbage – d

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Hunt, L. P. "Safe pasture utilisation rates as a grazing management tool in extensively grazed tropical savannas of northern Australia." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 3 (2008): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07058.

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The concept of safe pasture utilisation rates is frequently promoted as a tool for use in setting livestock numbers in perennial grass pastures in northern Australia’s tropical savannas to achieve a grazing intensity that is ecologically and economically sustainable. However, recommended pasture utilisation rates have been defined and applied in several ways, and this has led to some confusion among managers, researchers and advisers about their appropriate use. In order to reduce this confusion, this paper reviews the ecological basis and use of safe pasture utilisation rates as a management

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Orr, DM, CJ Evenson, DJ Jordan, PS Bowly, KJ Lehane, and DC Cowan. "Sheep productivity in an Astrebla grassland of south-west Queensland." Rangeland Journal 10, no. 1 (1988): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9880039.

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A grazing study conducted between 1979 and 1983 assessed the seasonal trends of ewe productivity in Astrebla grassland in south- western Queensland. This study was designed originally to compare productivity on two pastures with different compositions, however, these differences in pastures composition were not achieved. Large differences in liveweight, wool growth and reproductive performance occurred between years in response to differences in pasture growth resulting from large variation in the seasonal incidence of rainfall. Rainfall effective for plant growth, both forbs and grasses, resu

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Rakhimova, Nodira, Tashkhanim Rakhimova, and Jasur S. Sadinov. "Current state of Anabasis salsa pasture varieties in Karakalpak Ustyurt (Uzbekistan) due to Aral Sea drying." Plant Science Today 9, sp3 (October 2, 2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.1804.

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This article is devoted to the study of the current state of 2 pasture varieties of the biyurgun type: Anabasis salsa with the participation of Caroxylon orientale, Artemisia terrae-albae and A. kemrudica; Anabasis salsa with Caroxylon orientale and Artemisia terra-albae and Convolvulus fruticosus, Lycium ruthenicum, Anabasis brachiata, Nanophyton erinaceum, Nitraria schoberi, Malacocarpus crithmifolius and Xylosalsola chiwensis, with single Crambe edentula specimens distributed across the territory of Karakalpak Ustyurt (Uzbekistan) under the influence of Aral Sea drying. The Anabasis salsa p

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Zhang, B., G. Fraser, J. Carter, G. Stone, S. Irvine, G. Whish, J. Willcocks, and G. McKeon. "An online system for calculating and delivering long-term carrying capacity information for Queensland grazing properties. Part 2: modelling and outputs." Rangeland Journal 43, no. 3 (2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj20088.

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A combination of field data and models have been used to estimate long-term carrying capacity (LTCC) of domestic livestock in Queensland grazing lands. These methods have been synthesised and coupled with recent developments in science and information technology to provide a fully-automated approach of modelling LTCC through the FORAGE online system. In this study, the GRASP model was used to simulate pasture growth with parameter sets and safe pasture utilisation rates defined for 225 land types across Queensland. Distance to water points was used to assess the accessibility of pastures to li

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Lyons-Galante, Hannah Ruth, and Xavier Haro-Carrión. "Effect of distance from edge on exotic grass abundance in tropical dry forests bordering pastures in Ecuador." Journal of Tropical Ecology 33, no. 2 (March 2017): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467417000062.

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Abstract:We compared exotic pasture grass cover near the edges of 20–25-y-old secondary forests (N = 8) with those of mature forests (N = 8), bordering actively grazed pastures on the Pacific Coast of Ecuador. We estimated grass cover in 224 1 × 3-m plots along transects that ran from the pasture edge into forest interiors (11–44 m). Using a spline regression, we divided the transects into three segments: exterior (in the pasture), edge and interior (in the forest). With a stepwise regression, we tested the effect of transect section, forest type and distance from edge on grass cover. Forest t

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Cervantes-Pasqualli, Juan Alberto, and Javier Laborde. "Fig development in two Neotropical Ficus species, Ficus (subg. Pharmacosycea) yoponensis and Ficus (subg. Spherosuke) colubrinae: comparing rainforest and pasture trees." Botany 99, no. 8 (August 2021): 475–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2020-0139.

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In the fragmented landscape of Los Tuxtlas, adult fig trees are found in both rainforest remnants and in pastures. Syconium (fig) development is known to vary between and within Ficus species, but it is not known whether it differs between rainforest and pasture trees. Here, we describe syconium development for two Ficus species with different life forms (free-standing and hemi-epiphytic) in two contrasting, adjacent habitats: an undisturbed rainforest and active pastures. Over three months, we monitored 15 reproductive events in Ficus (subg. Pharmacosycea) yoponensis Desv. and Ficus (subg. Sp

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Sheldon, Kimberly S., and Nalini M. Nadkarni. "The use of pasture trees by birds in a tropical montane landscape in Monteverde, Costa Rica." Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, no. 5 (September 2013): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000503.

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Abstract:Conversion of forests to agricultural land may require many bird species to use resources in fragmented landscapes in order to persist. Pasture trees can make agricultural landscapes more hospitable for birds, but we do not know what factors promote bird visitation to pasture trees. Bird use of 26 focal trees of a common pasture species, Sapium glandulosum (Euphorbiaceae), was examined in three pastures in a montane landscape in Costa Rica to understand factors influencing bird visitation. Bird visits were analysed in relation to pasture tree size, distance from forest edge, degree of

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Coates, D. B., and R. M. Dixon. "Faecal near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (F.NIRS) measurements of non-grass proportions in the diet of cattle grazing tropical rangelands." Rangeland Journal 29, no. 1 (2007): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07011.

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Frequent faecal near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (F.NIRS) analyses of faeces from cattle grazing a range of tropical pastures were used to measure the non-grass component, and other aspects, of their diets. Seasonal profiles of non-grass and crude protein in the diet are presented for nine sites from the speargrass, Aristida–Bothriochloa, and Mitchell grass dominated pasture regions, and for three shrubland sites where browse was plentiful. In grass-dominated native pastures of the speargrass and Aristida–Bothriochloa pasture regions of Queensland where little browse was available, non-g

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Nasiyev, Beybit, Askhat Bekkaliyev, Ivan Manolov, and Vladimir Shibaikin. "Influence of grazing technologies on the indices of chestnut soils in Western Kazakhstan." Polish Journal of Soil Science 53, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.163.

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<p>Degradation of pastures caused by anthropogenic and climatic factors leads to desertification, loss of soil fertility, reduces productivity of the pasture grass and it is a prerequisite for socio-economic problems. Pastures of Western Kazakhstan cover more than 70% of the lands under economic use and are the main fodder source for the farm animals. In the late years, degradation of pastures in Western Kazakhstan takes place due to intensive animal grazing. The aim of research is to study the impact of technology for grazing the farm animals on the pastures soil cover to prevent the pr

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Kumar, Sunil, Anoop Kumar Dixit, Mahendra Prasad, Suchit Kumar Rai, Sanat Kumar Mahanta, Sultan Singh, Sudesh Radotra, and Probir Kumar Ghosh. "Effects of grazing intensity and pasture type on soil organic carbon stock in the semi-arid tropics of India." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(11)41-51.

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Pastures may act as carbon sources and sinks depending on grazing pressure and management practices. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and its fractions were quantified under 3 different grazing intensities using 5, 10 and 15 sheep/ha under sown, improved and natural pastures in the semi-arid tropics of India. Results revealed that after 3 years, improved pasture had significantly higher particulate organic carbon (POC ~4.5 g/kg), SOC (~0.53 %), total organic carbon (TOC~7 g/kg) and SOC stock (~15 mg/ha) as compared with sown and natural pastures. Labile carbon (LC ~185 mg/kg) and soil microbial

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Vere, D., and P. Dowling. "An economic analysis of sown pasture trends on the tablelands of south-eastern New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 25, no. 1 (2003): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj03005.

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The latter part of the 20th century has seen a persistent decline in the productivity of some types of sown pastures on the central and southern tablelands of New South Wales. Currently, much research effort is directed to stabilising the perennial grass component of these pastures. This paper evaluates the economic justification of that emphasis. It is argued that trends in livestock production can usefully represent increases or decreases in the stocks of three broad categories of sown pastures that are defined as being those pastures sown to introduced perennial grasses and legumes (perenni

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Guy, P. L. "Viruses of New Zealand pasture grasses and legumes: a review." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 9 (2014): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14017.

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This article reviews knowledge of 23 plant viruses infecting pasture grasses and legumes in New Zealand. The incidence, ecology and impact of each virus and prospects for control using natural or artificial resistance genes or by vector control is discussed. The most prevalent viruses are Alfalfa mosaic virus and White clover mosaic virus in pasture legumes and Cocksfoot mottle virus, Ryegrass mosaic virus and Barley yellow dwarf virus in pasture grasses. Lucerne Australian latent virus is restricted to the North Island and Red clover necrotic mosaic virus is largely restricted to the South Is

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Mazzocchi, Chiara, Guido Sali, and Giordano Ruggeri. "Tourists’ Preferences for Alpine Pastures Maintenance." Landscape Online 68 (May 18, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201968.

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Traditional extensive agriculture is the main factor of landscape management in the mountains: a large part of the Alps is modelled by agriculture. Interpreted as a multifunctional activity, including landscape modelling and maintenance, agriculture generates the conditions under which mountain pasture landscape is an economic resource potentially exploitable by tourism. The aim of this work is to draw the profiles of tourists of mountain pastures and to estimate their Willingness to Pay (WTP)for landscape pastures resilience. The innovation of this work lies in the use of a multivariate appro

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Smetham, Michael L. "The Management of Pastures for Grazing." Outlook on Agriculture 24, no. 3 (September 1995): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709502400307.

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This article examines pasture management in moist temperate climates, and looks at the reasons why putting the findings into practice has been so difficult. Many factors affect the behaviour of the animal-pasture system, including whether continuous or rotational grazing is practised, the intensity of grazing, and seasonal differences in climate and grass reproduction. Pasture quality is defined in terms of green leaf and dead material: the amount of green leaf present in a pasture is of prime importance in determining the productivity of the canopy and its value for animal feeding, while the

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Jarman, PJ, CN Johnson, CJ Southwell, and R. Stuartdick. "Macropod Studies at Wallaby Creek .1. The Area and Animals." Wildlife Research 14, no. 1 (1987): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9870001.

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This paper introduces a series of papers on the ecology, social organisation and behaviour of populations of sympatric macropods (Macropodoidea : Marsupialia) in north-eastern New South Wales. The study site, in the valley of Wallaby Creek, covers partly tree-cleared cattle-grazed pastures and also wet and dry forest communities; 10 species of macropods live there. The valley has a moderately high rainfall (1023 mm per annum), falling predominately in summer, and an equable climate of cool winters and warm summers. Soils derived from sedimentary and basaltic rocks and alluvium support naturall

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Zydenbos, S. M., B. I. P. Barratt, N. L. Bell, C. M. Ferguson, P. J. Gerard, M. R. Mcneill, C. B. Phillips, R. J. Townsend, and T. A. Jackson. "The impact of invertebrate pests on pasture persistence and their interrelationship with biotic and abiotic factors." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 15 (January 1, 2011): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.15.2011.3203.

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New Zealand pastures are host to a range of native and exotic invertebrates. Many of these are pests that feed on the sown plant species, often causing plant death and deterioration in the productivity and persistence of the sward. While most research has focused on pest biology and control, studies of plant productivity show dramatic acute (short-medium term) and chronic (longterm) effects. For example, grass grub has been reported to cause 50% losses to ryegrass swards and Argentine stem weevil can cause a 20% loss of productivity, but the long term effects through loss of the sown species a

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Silcock, R. G., T. J. Hall, P. Jones, P. G. Filet, and J. Douglas. "Spring fire effects on two Aristida/Bothriochloa native pastures in central Queensland, Australia." Rangeland Journal 40, no. 5 (2018): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj17132.

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Controlled burns are commonly used to suppress woody plant regrowth and to remove accumulated unpalatable pasture from rangelands and occasionally to alter pasture composition in native pastures in central Queensland, Australia. Outcomes can be somewhat unpredictable and short-term, and reliable evidence is needed to confirm the likely long-term efficacy of such fires. We imposed a regime of repeated spring burns on native Aristida/Bothriochloa pastures growing in two contrasting eucalypt woodlands of central Queensland to determine the effects on pasture composition, ground cover, landscape s

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Correa, César M. A., Anderson Puker, and Alfredo R. Abot. "Impacts of Exotic Pasture Establishment on Dung Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in the Brazilian Cerrado." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 6 (November 7, 2020): 1335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa132.

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Abstract The Brazilian Cerrado is the second largest Neotropical biome and an important hotspot of biodiversity. However, land use change in this ecosystem is producing landscapes with modified natural environments and anthropogenic environments, such as exotic pastures. In this study, we evaluated how conversion of native Cerrado vegetation to exotic pastures affects the dung beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). We sampled dung beetles in four areas of Cerrado (sensu stricto) and in four areas of exotic pastures (Urochloa spp.) in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

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McCosker, TH, PK O'Rourke, AR Eggington, and FW Doyle. "Soil and plant relationships with cattle production on a property scale in the monsoonal tallgrass tropics." Rangeland Journal 10, no. 1 (1988): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9880018.

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Extreme variability in cattle production between replicate paddocks in a large supplementation experiment on Mount Bundey Station in the Danvin pastoral district of the Northern Territory, led to a search for reasons for the differences. Soil type, land unit and pasture parameters were related to cattle production parameters. Pregnancy rates of lactating heifers were positively related to yields of Themeda triandra, Sorghum plumosum, Eriachne burkittii and Eragrostis spp., the fist three of which declined in yield following heavy grazing pressure. Quantity of pasture was more closely correlate

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Glass, Nicholas, Brenda Molano-Flores, Eduardo Dias de Oliveira, Erika Meraz, Samira Umar, Christopher J. Whelan, and Miquel A. Gonzalez-Meler. "Does Pastoral Land-Use Legacy Influence Topsoil Carbon and Nitrogen Accrual Rates in Tallgrass Prairie Restorations?" Land 10, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070735.

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Restoration can recover degraded ecosystems and ecosystem services. However, effects of restoration on soil nutrient accrual are difficult to predict, partly because prior land use affects rates of soil nutrient recovery. In tallgrass prairie restorations, land-use legacy effects have not yet been quantified. We investigated topsoil carbon and nitrogen accrual within seven land-use histories: (1) row crop agriculture, (2) pasture, (3) pasture converted from row crops, (4) prairie restored from row crop, (5) prairie restored from old pasture, (6) bison prairie restored from pasture and row crop

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Skroblin, Anja, Sarah Legge, Terry Webb, and Leigh P. Hunt. "EcoFire: regional-scale prescribed burning increases the annual carrying capacity of livestock on pastoral properties by reducing pasture loss from wildfire." Rangeland Journal 36, no. 2 (2014): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13095.

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Prescribed burning is an important management tool in the extensive pastoral lands in northern Australia. It can be used to influence grazing patterns, increase the nutritive value of pastures, reduce the density of woody shrubs and reduce the risk of damaging wildfires. The consequences of regional-scale prescribed burning on pasture availability and annual carrying capacities of pastoral properties in northern Australia were examined using EcoFire, a fire management program in the Kimberley Region of north-west Australia, as an example. Theoretical long-term carrying capacities of land syste

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Bebawi, Faiz F., Shane D. Campbell, and Robert J. Mayer. "Can competition with pasture be used to manipulate bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.) population biology?" Rangeland Journal 35, no. 4 (2013): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj13011.

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Bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.) is an invasive weed that poses economic and environmental problems in northern Australia. Competition between pasture and bellyache bush was examined in North Queensland using combinations of five pasture treatments (uncut (control); cut as low, medium, and high pasture; and no pasture) and four bellyache bush densities (0, 2, 6 and 12 plants m−2) in a buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) dominated pasture. The pasture treatments were applied approximately once per year but no treatments were applied directly to the bellyache bush plants. Measurements

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Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, and Daniel Negreiros. "A comunidade de insetos galhadores da RPPN Fazenda Bulcão, Aimorés, Minas Gerais, Brasil." Lundiana: International Journal of Biodiversity 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2007): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2006.23075.

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The galling insect community in a disturbed area of Atlantic rain forest is described for the first time in the context of environmental restoration in the RPPN Fazenda Bulcão, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We provide information on the external morphology of the galls, their occurrence on host plant organs, host plant species, and habitat types were they were collected. We sampled galls in three different habitats: abandoned pasture, secondary succession vegetation, and secondary succession vegetation dominated by Miracruodon urundeuva (Anacardiaceae), totaling 22 sites. Within these sites we encount

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Whalley, R. D. B., D. A. Friend, P. Sanford, and M. L. Mitchell. "Evaluation of native and introduced grasses for low-input pastures in temperate Australia: rationale and scope." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 1 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05004.

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The historical approach to pasture improvement in the high rainfall zone of temperate Australia has been to add introduced herbaceous legumes and to replace perennial native grasses with introduced species requiring high inputs of fertiliser for maintenance. The application of this high-input approach on land with low capability has lead to the loss of perennial grasses, erosion, soil acidification and increasing salinity on the lower slopes. This model of pasture improvement has not been successful on the margins of the wheat belt and in semi-arid regions. The Native and Low-input Grasses Net

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