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HONDAGNEU-SOTELO, PIERRETTE. "OVERCOMING PATRIARCHAL CONSTRAINTS:." Gender & Society 6, no. 3 (1992): 393–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124392006003004.
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Pathak, Samriddhi, and Rashmi Pant. "Conquering the Constraints of the Patriarchal System." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 11 (2023): 1837–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr231124143953.
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Grosse, Patricia L. "Love and the Patriarch: Augustine and (Pregnant) Women." Hypatia 32, no. 1 (2017): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12274.
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Theories concerning love in the West tend to be bound by the problematic constraints of patriarchal conceptions of what counts ontologically as “true” or “universal” love. It seems that feminist love studies must choose between shining light on these constraints or bursting through them. In this article I give a feminist analysis of Augustine of Hippo's theory of love through a philosophical, psychological, and theological reading of his complicated relationships with women. I argue that, given the “embodied” nature of his many loves throughout his life, there is room in Augustine's account of love for a gendered reading of love that is unconstrained by patriarchal notions concerning which gender is capable of which kind of love. Augustine's theory of love is one that is not coldly universal but bodied and personal; indeed, although it is founded inside patriarchal historical constructions, it is capable of bursting out of these constraints and suggesting an egalitarian, nongendered view of love.
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Dąbrowska, Justyna. "Subverting the Gaze, Seducing with the Bible: A Study of Oscar Wilde's Salomé." Analyses/Rereadings/Theories: A Journal Devoted to Literature, Film and Theatre 2, no. 1 (2014): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2353-6098.2.02.
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The present article engages with the eponymous character of Oscar Wilde’s “Salomé” and focuses on her subversion of the patriarchal rules, and on her attempts at seducing the prophet Jokanaan. Wilde’s “Salomé” becomes “an erotic symbol of daring, transgression, and perversity” (Sloan 112). She wants to look at Jokanaan, as well as to be touched by him and openly states her great desire for him, using the imagery taken from the biblical “Song of Songs” to express her passion. Moreover, the Princess skillfully adopts and reverses the male gaze to manipulate others and go beyond the patriarchal constraints at Herod’s court. She becomes aware that the only way to reach her goals is to look actively and evade being a mere object of the male gaze. The article shows that the imagery employed in the eponymous character’s speeches contributes to her portrayal as a seductress, also accentuating her rebellion, and analyzes how the Princess transgresses the patriarchal constraints through appropriating the male gaze.
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Rauf, Ramis, Muhammad Fadli Muslimin, Afriani Ulya, and Lucia Arter Lintang Gritantin. "Discourse on gender: A linguistic analysis of body autonomy and patriarchal narratives in Wa Ndiu-Diu." Studies in English Language and Education 12, no. 1 (2025): 521–34. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v12i1.38267.
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Wandiu-diu is a folktale from the Wolio community in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, that depicts a family with two children, where the husband is a fisherman and the wife is a housewife. The husband’s role is crucial, as his occupation and actions contribute to the construction of gender roles and power. This article argues that this folktale serves as a mechanism of control over women’s bodies, underpinning patriarchal structures through three roles: married women, mothers, and independent women. Using Simone de Beauvoir’s gender framework, this study categorizes the data into these three roles and analyzes relevant narratives from the tale. Beauvoir’s gender theory critiques the “Othering” of women, highlighting their historical subordination to men in social, cultural, and political spheres. The findings reveal that Wandiu-diu’s transformation into a mermaid symbolizes patriarchal control over women’s bodies. Marriage binds women to their husbands, motherhood renders them vulnerable through self-sacrifice, and seeking independence makes them objects of societal ridicule. The mermaid figure, rather than signifying freedom, eventually represents patriarchal constraints. Hence, the linguistic choices in Wandiu-diu reinforce patriarchal power, shaping portrayals of women’s roles and struggles. Through lexical selection, narrative structure, and dialogue, the tale depicts women as subordinate, their autonomy met with resistance and punishment. Male speech, marked by imperative verbs and possessive pronouns, asserts dominance, while the mother’s indirect speech reflects constrained autonomy. While appearing to symbolize female liberation, the tale eventually fortifies patriarchal oppression in the Wolio community of Southeast Sulawesi.
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Kaur, Dr Komalpreet. "SELF-REFLEXIVE MODE OF NARRATIVE: AN ANALYSIS OF BAMA’S KARUKKU." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 12 (2021): 4932–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.61841/turcomat.v12i12.12381.
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For the Dalit women in our patriarchal and caste-based society, Karukku is a vital novel. The protagonist goes through a series of patriarchal or conventional tribulations the entire time. This type of hardship frequently causes women to fall into the lower echelons of society. Whenever Dalit women travel, they are surrounded by a variety of conditions that have been shaped by their caste. With regard to family life, the women adhere to patriarchal rules. With so many social and patriarchal constraints, they are unable to express themselves freely. They end up being labelled as "other" as a result of this. This essay by Bama depicts the tragic situation of Dalit women. She delves into her own personal history of oppression as it pertains to patriarchy and Dalit culture.
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Gan, Orit. "Spousal Agreements and Patriarchal Bargains: A Wife’s Guarantee of Her Husband’s Business Debts." European Review of Contract Law 18, no. 2 (2022): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2022-2043.
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Abstract This Article uses the term patriarchal bargain in order to analyze spousal agreements. In her canonical article Deniz Kandiyoti has coined the term patriarchal bargain in order to describe how women negotiate with patriarchy and strategize under the constraints of male domination. Her seminal work has been highly influential in sociology and gender studies. However, legal scholarship has paid little attention to her work. This Article seeks to bridge this gap and explores how women bargain in the shadow of patriarchy. Using a European courts’ decision as an example, this article adds the patriarchal context of spousal agreements. This social context enriches our understanding of spousal agreements and deepens our understanding of contracting under conditions of social inequalities.
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Abdullah, Md Abu Shahid. "Fluids, cages, and boisterous femininity: The grotesque transgression of patriarchal norms in Angela Carter’s Nights at the Circus." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 5, no. 2 (2017): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jolace-2017-0022.
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AbstractThe article will show that in Nights at the Circus, Carter’s use of the themes of food consumption and excrement operate as both a grotesque means of emancipation from a feminine point-of-view, and a carnivalesque challenge to subversive patriarchal norms and deconstruction of arbitrary patriarchal hierarchies. By turning the simple act of eating into boisterous spectacle, and by handling a bottle of champagne and water hose in a disturbingly masculine manner, Fevvers transgresses the boundary between masculinity and femininity, sheds the patriarchal constraints imposed upon femininity, and thus achieves agency and emancipation. Since she is not able to acquire biological signifier of masculinity, she achieves the transgression of the binary entirely through the performative carnivalesque. The article will also discuss that the overflowing nature of grotesque femininity (both physical and behavioral) enables the female characters to speak and act at their own will, and thus performs as a means of critiquing Victorian patriarchal cultural norms.
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Ding, Shi-Hua. "The Construction of Feminism in “Ten Years of Marriage”." Business Prospects 2, no. 1 (2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52288/bp.27089851.2021.06.10.
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The following essay explores the theme of feminism within Su Qing’s Ten Years of Marriage. It emphasizes the focal character Huaiqing who can be taken as representation of cultural norms in the patriarchal society during the “May 4th period” in China. Su Qing uses feminine discourse and unique narrative strategies to show women’s status as “others” and their survival dilemmas in the patriarchal culture, reveal their physical and mental constraints and refute the misogynistic idea of female being parasites of their husbands. Apart from displaying the physical and mental constraints inflicted on women, the novel makes a portrait of a bunch of pitiful and detestable females, exposing their flaws in an attempt to arouse their self-consciousness. Su Qing in this novel also deconstructed “male mythology” and subverted the supreme image of males in traditional culture by presenting a series of male images in a critical way.
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Senshaw, Debas, and Hossana Twinomurinzi. "How women circumvent systemic constraints: Patriarchy’s extension to the adoption of digital government innovations." Information Polity 29, no. 4 (2024): 379–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/15701255241304596.
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This study investigates the significant influence of patriarchy on the potential acceptance and use of local digital government innovations in resource-constrained countries, building on studies that highlight patriarchy’s impactful role in shaping innovation. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was adopted as the evaluation theory ( n = 270) using Ethiopia as a case study. The results from structural equation modeling (SEM) reveal that patriarchy moderates the relationship between facilitating conditions and usage behavior. Contrary to conventional assumptions, we found that despite facing systemic barriers, women demonstrated higher engagement levels with the local digital innovation compared to their male counterparts, even when they did not perceive direct job-related benefits. This revelation not only challenges prevailing gender stereotypes but also underscores the resilience of women in circumventing patriarchal constraints. The study significantly contributes to theory by contextualizing the UTAUT model within a patriarchal framework, bringing out how societal norms and gender dynamics shape technology adoption in public sector settings. Practically, our findings advocate for gender-sensitive policies and interventions to bridge digital divides, emphasizing the need for inclusive strategies that account for underlying societal structures. By providing empirical evidence from a resource-constrained setting, this research offers important insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers aiming to foster equitable digital engagement and harness the full potential of digital government innovations.
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Benenson, Harold. "Patriarchal Constraints on Women Workers' Mobilization: The Lancashire Female Cotton Operatives 1842-1919." British Journal of Sociology 44, no. 4 (1993): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/591413.
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Darvishova, Gulchehra Kenjabayevna. "THE REPRESENTATION OF PATRIARCHAL IDEOLOGY AND GENDER ROLES IN CHARLOTTE BRONTE'S LITERATURE." Innovative Development in Educational Activities 3, no. 4 (2024): 245–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10824937.
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<em>This article examines Charlotte Brontë’s exploration of Victorian female stereotypes and her advocacy for a new paradigm of womanhood across her novels. Bronte challenges traditional gender roles and the patriarchal gaze, particularly through the narratives of "Jane Eyre," "Shirley," "Villette," and "The Professor." Her works serve as a critique of societal constraints on female identity and subjectivity, offering a psychological portrayal of her heroines’ journeys towards self-definition against societal norms. Bronte’s nuanced portrayal of the female psyche reveals the complexities of navigating patriarchal ideals, emphasizing the internal struggle and potential instability inherent in conforming to gendered expectations.</em>
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Fauziah, Afifah Nur Rizki, Abd Hanan EF, and Hasbi Assiddiqi. "THE STRUGGLE OF WOMEN’S CHARACTER AGAINST PATRIARCHAL TRADITION IN QUEEN CHARLOTTE BY TOM VERICA." Lire Journal (Journal of Linguistics and Literature) 9, no. 1 (2025): 161–73. https://doi.org/10.33019/lire.v9i1.426.
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This study examines the resistance of female characters against patriarchal traditions in Queen Charlotte: A Bridgerton Story. The research explores how gender, race, and social status shape the struggles of Queen Charlotte, Lady Danbury, and Princess Augusta in navigating patriarchal constraints such as social expectations, legal limitations, and political hierarchies. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with close reading and thematic analysis, this study investigates the characters’ different strategies of resistance—negotiation, rejection, and manipulation—within the monarchical system. The findings reveal that while Queen Charlotte negotiates power within the constraints of patriarchy, Lady Danbury outright rejects traditional gender roles, and Princess Augusta manipulates the system for survival. The study also highlights how the series reconstructs history through a modern feminist lens, emphasizing gender agency and racial inclusivity over strict historical accuracy. This research contributes to feminist literary criticism by demonstrating how historical fiction serves both as a critique of systemic oppression and as a medium for narratives of resistance, reinforcing the ongoing discourse on gender equality and intersectionality in media representation.
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Borham, Ashraf, and Rosfizah Md Taib. "Islam and Women Entrepreneurship: Constraint or Enabler? A Qualitative Study." International Business Education Journal 17, no. 2 (2024): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/ibej.vol17.2.6.2024.
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This study delves into the perceptions and interpretations of Islam among Muslim women entrepreneurs and how it influences their entrepreneurial endeavors within the context of Egypt. In achieving this objective, a qualitative interpretive method was employed. In data collection, ten in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with female entrepreneurs in Egypt. Accordingly, the contextualized analysis was used adopting the Islam feminist perspective to investigate the empowerment of Islamic feminism on women entrepreneurs to validate their business ventures and behaviors within the constraints of a patriarchal society. Based on the research framework, their interpretations and application of the Islamic beliefs were in line with Islamic feminist principles that challenged the prevailing patriarchal structures in Egypt. This research has contributed to the literature of entrepreneurship by investigating how Islam inspires and supports women entrepreneurs, particularly in the view of Islamic feminism.
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Lau, Hok Yin. "Women’s Dilemmatic Constraints in Emerging Second-Wave Feminism, Heideggerian Ambivalence and Oscillation between Authenticity and Inauthenticity." Journal of Advanced Research in Women’s Studies 1, no. 2 (2023): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/jarws.v1i2.462.
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This paper adopts Heidegger’s philosophy, its authenticity and inauthenticity in particular, to analyze ambivalent or even conflictual representations of women in emerging second-wave feminism. During the consciousness-raising stage of second-wave, women’s consciousness-raising enabled their struggles for feminist ways of living, while patriarchal society’s struggles against feminism were commonly witnessed to impose enormous constraints on women with consciousness raised, who were thirsty for employment but cringed from leaving homes to enjoy rights in the public sphere. This problem of “getting out” and “getting back” is explained by Heidegger’s existential (in)authenticity, especially the oscillation, with reference to humans’ existential structures. Authentically, to strive for economic independence, women as Dasein with feminist consciousness raised were encouraged to speak up for themselves to reclaim the long-lost authentic “Self of one’s own” by confronting the patriarchal oppression of “The They”. However, due to social constraints which exacerbated women’s fear of confrontation, women chose to live by the inauthentic status quo in average everydayness with full absorption where women largely gave up on reflecting on assigned domestic roles and on taking responsibility for feminist life-planning. This paper argues that volatile and oscillatory transitions between authenticity and inauthenticity among women constituted the ambivalent representations of struggling women, existentially due to first the temporariness of authenticity and strong pulling power of inauthenticity in the less influential emerging second-wave to render authenticity ineffective, and second the unavoidable existence of the powerful influence of “The They” – as ontologically Being-with – as patriarchal those on women to draw them back to homes.
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Retno M, Laura Andri. "Membaca Perempuan Dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Perempuan yang Menunggu Karya Dorothea Rosa Herliany." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 12, no. 1 (2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.12.1.101-114.
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Positioning yourself as a woman by feeling all her existence and helplessness will make us able to read the text in a literary work of women. Literary works which written by female authors usually present messages and ideas contrary to the patriarchal system. If the reader simply places himself as a "reader" then he will not be able to capture the message and the idea. Instead they only concerned with the public's understanding and perception in general which is still dominated by patriarchal culture. Through the feminist’s approach "read as a woman" in the essay collection Perempuan yang Menunggu (The Waiting Women) by Dorothea Rosa's, "women readers" will find concrete images of the condition of women in accordance with reality. They will read, interpret and understand the body of women as well as their own body and identity. Ultimately, women are able to free themselves from the frame constraints that limit their creativity and overhaul the existing patriarchal systems
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Bibi, Salma, and Shakeel Ahmed. "The Gendered Landscape of Justice: Institutional Barriers to Women’s Khula Rights in District Courts Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa." Journal of Social Sciences Review 5, no. 1 (2025): 267–75. https://doi.org/10.62843/jssr.v5i1.489.
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Women seeking Khula (Islamic divorce) in Peshawar courts face systemic barriers deeply embedded within patriarchal structures and gender norms. This study critically examines the intersection of legal, social, and cultural constraints that shape women's experiences in family courts. Using a qualitative approach, the research highlights the pervasive influence of patriarchal ideologies, which manifest through familial pressure, societal stigmatization, and religious interpretations that discourage women from pursuing their legal rights. The findings reveal that the legal system itself, rather than being a neutral arbiter of justice, operates within a patriarchal framework that systematically disadvantages women. Structural barriers, including judicial biases, procedural delays, and socio-cultural intimidation, further impede women’s access to justice, often compelling them to forgo legal recourse altogether. The study draws upon feminist theories of structural oppression to analyze the ways in which institutionalized patriarchy reinforces gendered disparities in legal proceedings. It argues for urgent policy interventions and legal reforms to dismantle these entrenched barriers and ensure a more equitable legal environment for women seeking Khula.
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Mgamis, Majid. "Beyond the Ideal: Anne Brontë's Realistic Feminism." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (2023): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.83.31.
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This article offers a fresh perspective on Anne Brontë's feminist stance in her novels The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and Agnes Grey. While previous scholars have criticized Brontë's portrayal of her female protagonists in a manner that contradicts her feminist message, this article argues that Brontë's nuanced portrayal of the complexities of female subjectivity within the social, cultural, and historical constraints of her time is essential to her feminist stance. Anne Brontë empowers her female characters with realistic feminine tools to cope with the patriarchal suppression they face and calls for a rethinking of the miserable situation of women in the Victorian patriarchal society. The article argues that Brontë's aim is not to call for an impossible revolution through an ideal feminine figure but rather to promote action based on the reality of the situation. This article's originality lies in its fresh and sophisticated interpretation of Brontë's feminist stance that avoids reducing her characters to mere symbols of resistance and acknowledges the complexities of female subjectivity in a patriarchal society.
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Bhoir, Pranjal Prajval Kalpana, and Anshu Sharma. "A Study on Feminist Consciousness in Plays of Vijay Tendulkar." Revista Review Index Journal of Multidisciplinary 5, no. 1 (2025): 155–58. https://doi.org/10.31305/rrijm2025.v05.n01.018.
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This paper explores the feminist consciousness in the plays of renowned Indian playwright Vijay Tendulkar, focusing on his critical portrayal of women’s oppression and resistance in a patriarchal society. Tendulkar, who wrote during a period of significant social upheaval in India, challenges the deeply ingrained gender norms, presenting women not merely as victims but as individuals striving for autonomy. Through his complex female characters and their struggles, Tendulkar critiques societal conventions, patriarchal power structures, and gender inequalities, while also acknowledging the internal conflicts and moral dilemmas they face. This paper explores feminist consciousness in Tendulkar’s plays, analyzing how he presents complex, often disturbing portrayals of women’s experiences in a deeply patriarchal society. Through the characters of his plays such as Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe, Sakharam Binder, and Kanyadaan, Tendulkar interrogates the structures of oppression while offering a nuanced depiction of feminist struggles. The study aims to uncover Tendulkar’s critique of patriarchy, the constraints imposed on women, and how his female characters resist, succumb, or are destroyed by the system.
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Rizvi, Dr Qudsi. "Negotiating Silence: A Comparative Study of Female Agency in Shashi Deshpande's That Long Silence and Anita Desai's Fasting, Feasting." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (2025): 018–22. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijels.101.3.
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Silence often functions as a nuanced metaphor in literature, encapsulating themes of suppression, resilience, and resistance. In Shashi Deshpande's That Long Silence and Anita Desai's Fasting, Feasting, silence emerges as a central motif that shapes the protagonists' lives within patriarchal frameworks. This paper explores how silence is used to reflect and negotiate female agency in these two novels. Deshpande’s Jaya and Desai’s Uma, though different in their socio-cultural contexts, grapple with similar struggles of identity and autonomy. Jaya’s imposed silence in marriage and Uma’s enforced silence in a patriarchal household underscore how silence perpetuates gender inequality. However, both authors also depict silence as a space for introspection and a subtle form of defiance. Through a comparative analysis, this paper examines how the interplay between silence and voice is integral to the characters' journeys toward self-realization. Drawing from feminist literary theory and cultural criticism, it investigates the layered role of silence as both a tool of oppression and a strategy for survival. Ultimately, the study reveals how silence is repurposed by the protagonists to assert their agency and resist patriarchal constraints.
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Narimawati, Umi, Titin Nurhayatin, and Rani Siti Fitriani. "Analysis of Characters and Characteristics in The Novel "Perempuan di Titik Nol" By Nawal El Saadawi Using A Feminism Approach." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 23, no. 2 (2024): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v23i2.68695.
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This article analyzes the characters and characterization in the novel "Women at Zero Point" by Nawal El Saadawi using a feminist approach. This novel depicts women's struggle in facing oppression, violence and gender injustice in a patriarchal society. A feminist approach is used to analyze how the female characters in this novel face these problems and struggle to find freedom. This analysis uses a literature review method by referring to the novel "Perempuan di Titik Zero" and relevant feminist literature studies. Focus is given to the main character, Firdaus, as well as other female characters in this novel. The results of the analysis show that the female characters in this novel face oppression and violence carried out by the patriarchal system. Firdaus, as the main character, faces various forms of sexual exploitation, domestic violence, and objectification by the surrounding community. However, this novel also highlights women's solidarity as a source of strength and support in their struggle against gender injustice. A feminist approach helps in seeing how the author criticizes patriarchal norms that limit women. Firdaus and other female characters challenge narrow social expectations and attempt to shape their identities outside these constraints. In conclusion, This analysis confirms that the novel "Women at Point Zero" is a reflection of women's struggle to seek freedom and overcome gender injustice in a patriarchal society. Women's solidarity and criticism of patriarchal norms are important themes in this novel, inviting readers to consider the role and influence of patriarchy in women's lives.
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Bibi Rahila and Abdul Jawad. "Patriarchal norms limits women’s participation in voting activities a case study of district upper Chitral." Social Science Review Archives 3, no. 1 (2025): 1861–72. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i1.493.
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Research background: Despite making up half of the global population, women remain mostly underrepresented in decision-making roles. The women feel inspired to enter into the electoral politics and voting process to create a more balanced and equitable society for their peers. However, they face tremendous obstacles in their way because of patriarchal society and economic constraints. Women in these societies struggle harder and longer to compete with their male counterparts, as they dominate the political landscape.Research methodology: The current study was conducted in district upper Chitral of KPK. More specifically political constituency PK-1 was constituted the study area. As the selected universe for the current study was upper Chitral. The three UCs (UC Mastuj, UC Charun and UC Laspur) are purposively selected. Total house hold population of selected villages stands at 1855. The required sample size for the population of 1855 stands at 320. One village (Awi, Booni-2, and Mastuj) is selected from the designated UCs.Findings: The findings emphasize that highly significant association was found between Patriarchal expectations discourages women actively participate in political discussions, patriarchal norms leads to unequal political representation for women, Patriarchal norms limits women ability to freely express their political opinions and women’s participation in voting activities.Conclusion: Patriarchal norms significantly control women’s participation in voting activities both in positive and negative directions. The male superiority in rural communities though discouraged women’s participation in active political representation or free expression of political opinion, the women that had liberty to participate in voting activities felt pressure from their male family members to favor or disfavor a candidate.
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Shagun and Dr Narender Kumar. "EMPOWERMENT AMIDST PARADOX: UNVEILING THE COMPLEX DYNAMICS OF MATRIARCHY AND PATRIARCHY IN EASTERINE KIRE’S NAGA NARRATIVES." International Journal of English and Studies 07, no. 04 (2025): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.47311/ijoes.2025.7.04.62.
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Easterine Kire’s Literary Works Offer A Nuanced Exploration Of Naga Society, Where Traditional Matriarchal Elements Coexist With Patriarchal Influences Introduced By Colonialism And Christianity. This Paper Examines The Complex Interplay Between Matriarchy And Patriarchy In Kire’s Narratives, Focusing On How Naga Women Navigate Empowerment Within These Paradoxical Structures. Through Close Readings Of A Terrible Matriarchy (2007) And Son Of The Thundercloud (2016), This Study Reveals How Kire’s Fiction Challenges Binary Gender Constructs While Highlighting The Resilience And Agency Of Naga Women. The Paper Argues That Kire’s Portrayal Of Matriarchy Does Not Signify Absolute Female Dominance But Rather A Dynamic System Where Women Exercise Influence Despite Patriarchal Constraints. By Situating Kire’s Work Within Postcolonial And Feminist Frameworks, This Research Contributes To Broader Discussions On Indigenous Feminisms And The Redefinition Of Power In Traditional Societies.
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Krigel, Karni, and Orly Benjamin. "Between patriarchal constraints and neoliberal values: Dimensions of job quality for intimate partner violence survivors." Current Sociology 68, no. 7 (2019): 932–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392119879478.
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Scholars have established the difficulties inherent in proposals that employment may serve as a rescue route for survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, they have paid little attention to the possibility that those who do strive for employment experience a clash between the prevailing neoliberal policy and the patriarchal culture dominant in their relationship with their violent partners. Based on 33 in-depth interviews with IPV survivors, this study used a grounded theory approach to follow women’s experiences in the personal and employment life domain. The authors propose that in order to understand employment in the field of IPV survivors, it is necessary to deploy a job quality perspective. Further, they found that a gendered conceptualization of job quality is required, one that is evaluated by three relational dimensions: employment spaces blocking IPV penetration, control over one’s own income and a sense of skill recognition. These relational dimensions show that in participants’ work lives, neoliberalism and patriarchy conflict with one another. Accordingly, the contradiction between these value systems must be taken into account in conceptualizations of their mutual reinforcement. The authors propose reconciling them by focusing on the challenging experience of women’s employment, from which the innovative meaning of job quality arises.
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Lipoko, Darla Urmiche Diya, Chux Gervase Iwu, and Abdullah Promise Opute. "Gender discrepancy in economic participation: the case of young women in the Democratic Republic of Congo." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2021.002121.
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Given the patriarchal nature of the African society, females are often secondary. In patriarchal societies, men are viewed as forbearers of knowledge and hence dominate other considerations. A direct consequence therefore is structural discrimination of women, and small businesses are owned and managed by men. Youth unemployment is notably high in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and especially among females. Notably too, one critical factor that drives entrepreneurship start-ups is self-employment, often induced by unemployment. In patriarchal societies, not only are there few opportunities for women but also women face more constraints than their male counterparts. Inspired by the gap in the literature, this study utilizes the descriptive literature review approach to understand the problems, faced by young women when starting a business in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Understanding this theoretical premise and from the perspective of the explored population is important given the criticality of entrepreneurship to economic growth (including unemployment and poverty reduction). In addition, this study would contribute to strategic policy change for achieving productive entrepreneurship. Finally, this study flags research directions for steering necessary research towards productive entrepreneurship goals.
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Lipoko, Darla Urmiche Diya, Chux Gervase Iwu, and Abdullah Promise Opute. "Gender discrepancy in economic participation: the case of young women in the Democratic Republic of Congo." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 14–30. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2021.002121.
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Given the patriarchal nature of the African society, females are often secondary. In patriarchal societies, men are viewed as forbearers of knowledge and hence dominate other considerations. A direct consequence therefore is structural discrimination of women, and small businesses are owned and managed by men. Youth unemployment is notably high in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and especially among females. Notably too, one critical factor that drives entrepreneurship start-ups is self-employment, often induced by unemployment. In patriarchal societies, not only are there few opportunities for women but also women face more constraints than their male counterparts. Inspired by the gap in the literature, this study utilizes the descriptive literature review approach to understand the problems, faced by young women when starting a business in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Understanding this theoretical premise and from the perspective of the explored population is important given the criticality of entrepreneurship to economic growth (including unemployment and poverty reduction). In addition, this study would contribute to strategic policy change for achieving productive entrepreneurship. Finally, this study flags research directions for steering necessary research towards productive entrepreneurship goals.
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Dr Sharad U. Chavan. "Power Dynamics: Navigating Subjugation and Defiance in Kamala Markandaya’s A Silence of Desire." Creative Launcher 9, no. 2 (2024): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2024.9.2.10.
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This paper explores the intricate power dynamics within the patriarchal Indian society depicted in Kamala Markandaya’s novel, A Silence of Desire. It critically examines how societal expectations impose constraints on female subjectivity, leading to the suppression of desires and a reduction in personal agency. The research focuses on the character of Sarojini, exploring how she navigates these oppressive structures and employs both conscious and unconscious strategies to challenge and subvert the social norms that curtail her freedom and happiness. By presenting textual evidence, the paper dissects the multifaceted ways in which Sarojini is confined—physically and emotionally—within the patriarchal framework that dominates her life. The study highlights the tension between subjugation and defiance, illustrating the resilience and subtle forms of resistance employed by women in their quest for autonomy and self-expression within a rigid societal context.
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Barasa, Remmy Shiundu. "Resilience And Resistance: Women’s Agency In Aidoo’s Our Sister Killjoy And Ousmane Sembene’s Xala." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (2025): 289–96. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajass.8.2.3071.
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This paper provides a comparative examination of women’s agency and intertextuality in Ama Ata Aidoo’s Our Sister Killjoy and Ousmane Sembène’s Xala, focusing on their roles within post-colonial African societies. The analysis explores how both authors portray the struggles of African women against the backdrop of cultural, social, and colonial oppression. In her work, Aidoo presents Sissie, a young Ghanaian woman who navigates the complexities of colonialism, diaspora, and migration. Sissie’s journey from Ghana to Europe exposes her to racial discrimination and cultural dislocation, highlighting her struggle for identity and agency. Conversely, Sembène’s work satirizes the power dynamics and polygamy in post-colonial Senegal through the character of El Hadji, a businessman whose impotency symbolizes his moral and societal corruption. The women in Xala reflect varying degrees of submission and resistance to patriarchal norms, with characters like Rama showing a nascent challenge to these structures. Both West African novels use interior monologues and flashbacks to depict the protagonists' inner conflicts and societal constraints. While Aidoo’s Sissie actively confronts and critiques the racial and cultural prejudices she encounters, the women in Sembène’s narrative are primarily portrayed within the confines of traditional and neocolonial expectations. The paper argues that despite these differences, both works underscore the persistent patriarchal subjugation and the nuanced ways African women navigate and resist these constraints. The comparative analysis reveals a shared theme of women's resilience and the therapeutic power of female solidarity, illustrating a progression from traditional subjugation to modern self-assertion in the face of ongoing patriarchal oppression. The study concludes that while resistance methods differ, Aidoo and Sembène emphasize the critical need for women's agency in overcoming the multifaceted challenges of post-colonial African societies.
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Chatty, Dawn. "WOMEN WORKING IN OMAN: INDIVIDUAL CHOICE AND CULTURAL CONSTRAINTS." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 2 (2000): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800021103.
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Middle Eastern women have often been portrayed by Westerners as silent shadows or as helpless victims of suppressive customs and traditions who are unable to organize or form groups on their own and for themselves and are prevented from entering fully into the public sector of life. The past decade, however, has seen an explosion in research and publication that fully acknowledges women as people in their own right. Women in the Middle East have come to be seen as political and economic actors who fend for themselves and struggle and reflect on their lives and the future of their societies. Through their actions, the boundary that defines what is traditional cultural behavior and what is contemporary, foreign, or unacceptable is often blurred.1 The patriarchal state, however, fails to recognize the transformative power of women's contemporary behavior, which pushes the definition of “accepted” or “traditional” behavior beyond that found in official documents and local and regional legislation, with their largely male audience.
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Aouaki, Soukaina. "The Arab Novel Beyond Borders: Gender Identity Construction and Diaspora in Najat El Hachmi’s The Last Patriarch." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 7, no. 8 (2024): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.8.8.
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Enough scholarly interest has been invested in studying diasporic literatures and discourses. However, given linguistic constraints, Moroccan diasporic texts have received little attention. Through the lens of gender theory, this paper attempts to offer some critical reflections on Najat El Hachmi’s The Last Patriarch. It specifically looks at the ways in which gender identities are constructed and transformed within a conservative patriarchal family residing in diaspora far-flung from the homeland. It also examines how binary static identities are reshuffled, making the protagonist engage in a quest for independence and self-assertion. The complexities of immigrant identities, incorporating binary elements such as languages (Amazigh and Catalan), modernity, and tradition, allowed the protagonist to go beyond shame, taboos, and stereotypes to deconstruct the patriarchal figure. As a migrant, El Hachmi’s protagonist presents a critical vision of both realities, thus taking her destiny into her “own” hands and toppling down ‘the last patriarch.’
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Wang, Xianlong, and Mingzhen Wu. "Breaking Free from the Shackles: Contemporary Women's Crisis and Liberation in Her Story and Like a Rolling Stone." Journal of Modern Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (2025): 144–49. https://doi.org/10.71113/jmss.v2i2.170.
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This paper focuses on two representative films, Her Story and Like a Rolling Stone, to explore the crisis faced by contemporary women of all ages from the perspective of feminist existentialism. It first analyzes the loss of "self" and "freedom" among contemporary women and reveals the constraints of the patriarchal society on women's self - construction. Then, it delves into the causes of women's dilemmas from the perspectives of the workplace, family, and inter - generational relationships. Finally, it analyzes the awakening and self - rescue of contemporary women. The study finds that under the long - term structural oppression of the patriarchal society, women lack subjectivity and face restrictions in self - value realization and freedom pursuit. The key for women to break free from the current predicament lies in reconstructing self - identity through self - reflection and obtaining social resources, which also requires the joint efforts of both men and women.
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Arya, Sakshi. "CULTURAL IDENTITY AND SOCIAL REALITIES: THE STRUGGLES OF WOMEN IN MANJU KAPUR’S ‘A MARRIED WOMAN’ AND ‘HOME’." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 5, no. 4 (2024): 1402–7. https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i4.2024.4391.
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This study examines the representation of women in Manju Kapur’s novels A Married Woman and Home, focusing on the challenges they face within the constraints of Indian society. Both novels explore the struggles of female protagonists—Astha and Nisha—who navigate societal expectations, marriage, and personal aspirations while confronting deeply ingrained patriarchal norms. Through a feminist and postcolonial literary lens, the research analyzes how Kapur critiques traditional gender roles, domestic oppression, and the stigma surrounding female agency. The findings reveal recurring themes of marital conflict, identity formation, gendered expectations, and the struggle for autonomy, underscoring the paradox of women’s empowerment in contemporary Indian society. Despite moments of rebellion, both protagonists ultimately find themselves bound by cultural expectations, illustrating the persistent societal resistance to female independence. Kapur’s narratives serve as a critique of traditional patriarchal structures while simultaneously portraying the complexities of women’s lived experiences.
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Ph.D, Muzaffer Derya Nazlıpınar Subaşı. "The Journey of Self-Discovery and Wholeness in To the Light House: From the ‘Body for Others’ to the ‘Visionary Body’." European Journal of Language and Literature 3, no. 2 (2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v8i1.p153-157.
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Having been defined as an ‘incomplete man’ or an ‘incidental being’ that lacks certain qualities, women have gradually internalized the patriarchal ideology, claiming that they are essentially insufficient. Considering themselves as the insignificant ‘Other’ in relation to men, women are full of self-loathing and shame over their bodies. Thus, always seeking men’s approval, women drown out the inner voice of their bodies and resort to being ‘the body for others’. However, for Woolf, it is a self- destruction not a salvation. She claims women have to get rid of those docile bodies and disembodied minds to be able to take control of their own lives cleared from all the social constraints, society constructed gender roles and patriarchal demands. For Woolf, this is only possible when women assert themselves through their bodies, thereby realizing a new sense of being inside themselves that is powerful and autonomous ready to actualize its potential. Therefore, basing its argument on those assertions of Virginia Woolf and one of her most influential novels, To the Lighthouse, this study puts forward women’s body image largely influenced by phallocentric world and its typical patriarchal system can be challenged and subverted through the ‘visionary body’ that enables women to achieve the unique process of self-discovery and wholeness.
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Ph.D, Muzaffer Derya Nazlıpınar Subaşı. "The Journey of Self-Discovery and Wholeness in To the Light House: From the ‘Body for Others’ to the ‘Visionary Body’." European Journal of Language and Literature 8, no. 1 (2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v8i1.p153-158.
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Having been defined as an ‘incomplete man’ or an ‘incidental being’ that lacks certain qualities, women have gradually internalized the patriarchal ideology, claiming that they are essentially insufficient. Considering themselves as the insignificant ‘Other’ in relation to men, women are full of self-loathing and shame over their bodies. Thus, always seeking men’s approval, women drown out the inner voice of their bodies and resort to being ‘the body for others’. However, for Woolf, it is a self- destruction not a salvation. She claims women have to get rid of those docile bodies and disembodied minds to be able to take control of their own lives cleared from all the social constraints, society constructed gender roles and patriarchal demands. For Woolf, this is only possible when women assert themselves through their bodies, thereby realizing a new sense of being inside themselves that is powerful and autonomous ready to actualize its potential. Therefore, basing its argument on those assertions of Virginia Woolf and one of her most influential novels, To the Lighthouse, this study puts forward women’s body image largely influenced by phallocentric world and its typical patriarchal system can be challenged and subverted through the ‘visionary body’ that enables women to achieve the unique process of self-discovery and wholeness.
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Tan, Caitlin. "Females Consumption Psychology under Impact of Social Norms: Influence of Social Media on Womens Self-perception and Identity." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 147, no. 1 (2025): 135–43. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/2024.ga19143.
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Under the oppression of patriarchal society, females are living in social norms where their behaviors are limited due to the stereotypes and ideals set toward females. In current research, scholars have already determined social norms established under the domination of patriarchal society and the effects that it has on females. Furthermore, marketing campaigns targeting females are determined to be consumerism traps that encourage female's purchases. Even though lots of scholars criticize this phenomenon, the solution is not given. By analyzing the world-famous high-end skin care company SK-II and the most talked-about feminist movie, Barbie. Issues of capitalism toward females can be analyzed through both marketing campaigns and social media. Therefore, it can be affirmed that female consumer psychology and behavior are affected by advertisements emphasizing traditional roles and stereotypes of females. In other words, capitalism has become an accomplice to the patriarchal society. Hence, this study aims to combine the perspectives of female consumers and businesses to build a balanced model, as well as raise female's awareness toward consumer traps. This model can be used to help businesses establish campaigns that females really needed to free them from the constraints of social patriarchy, which foster long-term mutualistic relationships.
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Lehfid, Ahmed. "Rebel Feminists: A Comparative Analysis of Patriarchy and Resistance in A Daughter of Isis and Dreams of Trespass." International Journal of Literature Studies 4, no. 2 (2024): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijts.2024.4.2.8.
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This article examines the portrayal of patriarchal systems and forms of resistance within Nawal Saadawi’s A Daughter of Isis: The Early Life of Nawal El Saadawi and Fatima Mernissi’s Dreams of Trespass: Tales of a Harem Girlhood. That is, the study navigates through the narratives, characters, and socio-cultural contexts that are depicted in both literary works while using an analytical approach. It starts with examining the influence of patriarchal structures on women’s lives, identities, and agency. By doing so, the article explores the forms and shapes of patriarchy that result in creating gender inequality. Moreover, the research sheds light on the various acts of resistance that are adopted by several characters to challenge and fight patriarchal constraints. In other words, this article explores the extent to which a multiplicity of characters fight against the oppressive system of patriarchy through various acts and behaviours. This means that the study sheds light on the enduring struggle for women’s rights and liberation in Arab societies. By examining two literary works from two different countries, the present study examines the similarities and differences between them to evaluate the extent to which Arab women are considered a homogenous group that experiences the same forms of oppression.
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Kabeer, Naila. "Gender Equality, Economic Growth, and Women’s Agency: the “Endless Variety” and “Monotonous Similarity” of Patriarchal Constraints." Feminist Economics 22, no. 1 (2015): 295–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2015.1090009.
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Liu, Qi. "Fighting the Patriarchy: A Feminism with Chinese Characteristics." Advances in Education, Humanities and Social Science Research 6, no. 1 (2023): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aehssr.6.1.494.2023.
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This paper examines the status and challenges of feminist movements in 21st century China. While the state has implemented laws and policies promoting gender equality, traditional patriarchal ideology persists in fostering discrimination against women. Through a socio-historical lens, the paper traces Chinese feminism from early 20th century reforms to current issues. It contends that the internet has enabled tech-savvy young activists to initiate theatrical protests against gender violence, catalyzing China’s #MeToo movement in 2018. However, structural barriers inhibit working-class and marginalized women from speaking out. Moreover, censorship, online harassment, and anti-feminist rhetoric have stifled the movement’s progress. Recommendations include public education campaigns to engage male allies, counteracting stereotypes that stigmatize feminists. Greater representation of women in the political sphere is required to enact substantive reforms protecting gender rights. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes interdependence and collective organizing as central tenets for Chinese feminism to overcome patriarchal constraints and achieve enduring social change.
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Keith Stewart, Morgan. "Deconstructing the Rose Metaphor and Cultivating Trees of Rebellion in Sandra Cisneros’s "The House on Mango Street"." Latin American Literary Review 47, no. 93 (2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26824/lalr.161.
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In Sandra Cisneros’s The House on Mango Street, deciphering two key motifs—the rose and trees—is fundamental to unpacking the central tension of the book: the protagonist’s desire to leave Mango Street and return in writing. While the tree motif is well-studied, that of the rose has eluded critical attention. This article shows how Cisneros unveils the centuries of patriarchal oppression distilled in the image of the rose and, in turn, offers new metaphors for women seeking to escape traditional constraints.
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Jabeen, Rimsha, and Hafiz Muhammad Waseem. "Politics versus Women of the East: A Study of Sabyn Javeri's Nobody Killed Her." Global Sociological Review VIII, no. I (2023): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).24.
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This Women have always been subjected to discrimination and patriarchal subordination. The study is carried out on "Nobody killed her'' (2017), written by Pakistani author Sabyn Javeri Jillani. This study investigates the major constraints faced by Eastern women within political systems and the conspiracy theories they are being subjected to. The study is analyzed qualitatively from a political perspective. Paul Ricoeur's theory of "Feminist Political Philosophy has been investigated for further research. The findings reveal if society is very stiff in terms of norms and culture, then even if the women might be trying their level best to come and yet are driven by the patriarchy. This leads to the belief that despite efforts, patriarchy tends to be a dominant hurdle which multiplies the patriarchal influence on women’s lives, according to the picture painted within the novel which leads to the loss of self-confidence and a psychological fear of dependence within women.
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Mercanti, Stefano. "Displacing Androcracy: Cosmopolitan Partnerships in Bapsi Sidhwa’s Water." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, no. 3 (2011): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v3i3.2293.
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Set against the backdrop of Gandhi’s Freedom Movement, Water pushes the boundaries of India’s male-dominant cultural narratives beyond patriarchal predicaments by questioning the religious tradition and the oppressive constraints imposed on Hindu widows. This paper aims to show how Sidhwa’s characters move toward more caring and life-enhancing scenarios by portraying relationships of mutual support in which human beings give evidence of ‘other’ possible patterns of construction of the self and forms of co-existence, thus overcoming the rigid discourses imposed by dominator hierarchies.
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Yao, Yuzhu. "A Brief Feminist Analysis of Beauvoir's Les Inséparables through the Lens of Dual-Narrative." Scientific Journal Of Humanities and Social Sciences 7, no. 4 (2025): 146–48. https://doi.org/10.54691/106vh824.
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Simone de Beauvoir’s novel Les Inséparables employs a "dual-narrative" structure to explore the symbiotic yet conflicted friendship between two girls. The mirror-like relationship between the dual female protagonists serves as an allegory for female self-awareness: Sylvie breaks free from patriarchal constraints to construct her subjectivity, while Andrée resists through tragic self-destruction. Drawing on Lacan’s mirror stage theory and feminist perspectives, this paper analyzes the characters and their relationships under the dual-narrative framework, revealing the feminist ethos embedded in the text.
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Taufiq, Ahmad, Ashadi Ashadi, and Yeni Artanti. "Patriarchal Deconstruction in the song “Sit Still Look Pretty” by Daya." Journal of Language and Literature 25, no. 1 (2025): 250–62. https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v25i1.10669.
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Music plays a key role in shaping culture, reflecting societal norms, and serving as a tool for critique. This study examines how Sit Still, Look Pretty by Daya challenges traditional gender roles using Derrida’s deconstruction theory, which questions binary oppositions and redefines female autonomy. By analyzing the song’s lyrics and themes, this research explores how popular music can dismantle patriarchal norms and provide a more inclusive understanding of gender and identity. Using a qualitative approach and Derrida’s concepts of différance and binary opposition, the study reveals how the song critiques societal expectations that prioritize women’s physical appearance and passive roles, while emphasizing ambition and independence. Key findings include themes such as: 1) women and appearances, 2) women and identity, 3) women and self-sufficiency, 4) women and materialism, 5) women and control, 6) women and ambition, 7) women and gender expectations, and 8) patriarchy. The song goes beyond rejecting traditional norms; it reconstructs a framework of female identity centered on agency and empowerment. By destabilizing binary oppositions like active/passive and dominant/submissive, the song challenges listeners to engage with entrenched societal values critically. It highlights the importance of breaking free from patriarchal systems that perpetuate gender inequality and reimagines a world where women can define their roles and ambitions without societal constraints. This analysis demonstrates the potential of popular music as a transformative tool for deconstructing oppressive ideologies and fostering more inclusive identities.
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Islam, Nazrul, and Umakant Sharma. "Subverting the Patriarchy: Gender Roles in the Poetry of Sylvia Plath." RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 12, no. 4 (2025): 106–9. https://doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2025.v12n4.014.
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Sylvia Plath’s poetry emerges as a profound exploration of gender identity, psychological trauma, and rebellion against patriarchal structures. Writing during a period when women's roles were rigidly defined by domesticity and subservience, Plath uses her poetic voice to interrogate, destabilize, and reimagine these constraints. Through key works such as Daddy, Lady Lazarus, The Applicant, and Ariel, this paper examines how Plath portrays the tension between societal expectations and female autonomy. By investigating her use of metaphor, irony, and confessional voice, the article reveals how Plath's poetry critiques gender norms and articulates a powerful, if often painful, female subjectivity.
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Sumaryati, Sumaryati. "Keadilan Gender dalam Pendidikan Islam di Pondok Pesantren." Tarbawiyah Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan 2, no. 02 (2018): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/tarbawiyah.v2i02.1315.
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This paper describes gender justice in Islamic education in Islamic boarding schools that has not been done optimally. This is due to cultural constraints which have resulted in a less gender responsive policy, namely the patriarchal system. In the patriarchal system men control women's work. The implication is that santri occupy the main authority in the pesantren environment. In analyzing the nature and culture theory, women and their functions are identified with "life", placing themselves close to nature. While men are placed as a group entitled to fill the public sector. In boarding schools, generally still treat santri with the dichotomy of the role. As a result santri have limited access to activities outside the pesantren. Subordination to students is also evident from the lack of opportunities to appear in public. Because something that is mass and prestigious is considered a male area. Finally, the experience gained by the santriwan was greater. The impact of the provision received by students for preparation for plunge in the community is not as big as santriwan.
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Tang, Muhammad Rapi, Ridwan Ridwan, and Inayah Maharezki Junaedi. "Voicing The Reality of Colonialized Women in The Novel ‘Belenggu’ By Armijn Pane." Tamaddun 23, no. 1 (2024): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/tamaddun.v23i1.714.
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This study explores the representation of women's subjugation during the colonial period in Indonesia through Armijn Pane's novel "Belenggu." Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach that integrates literary sociology, feminist literary criticism, and postcolonial studies, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of how the novel reflects the author's critique of patriarchal societal structures and colonial impacts on indigenous women. The analysis focuses on the main character, Sukartini, highlighting her struggle for equality and autonomy. Despite being educated and progressive, Sukartini is depicted as trapped within socio-cultural and political constraints, influenced by entrenched patriarchal norms and colonial domination. This study reveals the dual layers of oppression faced by women, emphasizing the compounded struggles due to both gender and colonial subjugation. By examining Sukartini's character, the research illustrates how deeply ingrained patriarchal norms and colonial dominance restrict women's roles and voices. The findings contribute to Indonesian literary sociology by expanding the scope of analysis to include gender and postcolonial issues, underscoring the importance of examining literary works through multiple theoretical lenses. Moreover, the study highlights the role of literature in spreading awareness, providing social critique, and inspiring advocacy for gender equality and justice. "Belenggu" serves as a poignant critique of historical and ongoing gender inequality, reinforcing the relevance of literary analysis in understanding and addressing complex social issues. This research offers a nuanced perspective on the socio-political contexts shaping narratives, advocating for continued scholarly attention to literature as a means of promoting social change and a more equitable society.
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Sorice, Adam. "Écriture féminine and the female language of Lady Gaga." Groundings Undergraduate 6 (April 1, 2013): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/groundingsug.6.231.
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While Lady Gaga is often acknowledged for her outlandish visual style and elaborate performative identity, the lyricism of the popular singer-songwriter’s music represents a similarly controversial ideology in linguistic terms. Reinterpreting the French feminist concept of écriture féminine or ‘writing in the feminine’, this essay contextualises Gaga’s music as demonstrative of an anarchic, female language that challenges both the phallogocentric constraints of linguistic expression and wider patriarchal culture. Gaga’s utilisation of écriture féminine also expands the theoretical notion of revolutionary gendered language beyond the hypothetical constraints of literary theory and into public, popular discourse, granting a real-world viability and practicality to the term. This essay distinguishes itself as one of the first (if not the first) literary academic studies of Lady Gaga’s music, positioning her work within a feminist understanding of anarchic gender expression and cultural change through the use of chaotic linguistic forms.
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Merdjanova, Ina. "The Kurdish Women’s Movement in Turkey and Its Struggle for Gender Justice." Histories 1, no. 3 (2021): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/histories1030018.
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This paper looks at the Kurdish women’s struggles for gender justice at the intersection of two diverse social movements in Turkey: the Kurdish national movement, on the one hand, and the Turkish feminist movement, on the other. It argues that the Kurdish Women’s Movement (KWM) has functioned as a powerful process of learning for both men and women in the Kurdish community and in the larger society. It has destabilized and transformed the feudal–patriarchal relations and norms in the Kurdish community, the lingering sexism in the Kurdish movement, and the majoritarian constraints in the Turkish feminist movement.
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Akter, Saima. "Mothers and Wives: Representation of Women in Lawrence's Sons and Lovers and Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway." Journal of Literature and Linguistics Studies 2, no. 1 (2024): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.61424/jlls.v2i1.103.
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This article examines the representation of women in D.H. Lawrence's Sons and Lovers and Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway, two classic modernist novels. Second-wave feminism constitutes the conceptual framework of the paper. The paper argues that despite differences in style and subject matter, both novels critique societal expectations and constraints placed upon women in the early 20th century. Both authors highlight the agency and complexity of women while challenging patriarchal conventions through the representation of female characters. The article argues that these works are still relevant in their depiction of the ongoing struggle for the pursuit of women's liberation and gender equality.
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Adhikari, Tara Prasad. "Edna's Struggle Against Oppressions in The Awakening." Pursuits: A Journal of English Studies 8, no. 1 (2024): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pursuits.v8i1.65349.
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This study explores Edna Pontellier's struggle against societal oppressions in Kate Chopin's novel, The Awakening. Edna's quest for self-discovery and liberation from the constraints of late 19th-century societal norms is analyzed through the lens of feminist perspectives. This paper argues that Edna's unconventional behavior signifies a profound challenge to patriarchal norms, emphasizing her pursuit of identity and autonomy. Edna emerges as a symbol of resistance against societal expectations, seeking personal freedom amidst oppressive forces. Furthermore, the study explores the influence of characters like Adele Ratignolle and Mademoiselle Reisz on Edna's journey, highlighting contrasting paths of womanhood and autonomy.