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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "PATRIARCHAL DISCRIMINATION"
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Nenabu, Febryanti Marsalin, and Suroso. "Discrimination of Female Characters Due to Patriarchal Power in the Novel Entrok by Okky Mandasari." Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research 3, no. 2 (2024): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v3i2.7825.
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In society, discrimination against female figures often occurs, especially because patriarchal power continues to reign. A social system that gives greater benefits and control to men is called patriarchal power. In contrast, women often face restrictions, stereotypes and unfair treatment. The purpose of this service is to gain an understanding of the effects and consequences of discrimination against female figures resulting from patriarchal power and to make a contribution to society. It is hoped that this research will discover various types of discrimination experienced by female characters, and how this discrimination impacts their lives and society as a whole. This research uses the content analysis method. In the novel Entrok by Okky Mandasari, there are still many acts of discrimination against women due to patriarchal power
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Chairunnisa, Ainul, and Muhd Al Hafiz. "Manifestations of Internalized Patriarchal Norms in Taylor Jenkins Reid’s The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo (2017): Feminist Perspective." English Language and Literature 13, no. 3 (2024): 767. https://doi.org/10.24036/ell.v13i3.129563.
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Male domination manifests patriarchal practices that navigate societal expectations on women. Through patriarchal societal norms, women become socialized into patriarchal structure. Because of the oppression and discrimination that has been maintained by patriarchal norms, it causes women to have internalized patriarchal norms. In the novel The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo (2017) by Taylor Jenkins Reid, the issue of compulsory heterosexuality, male domination and internalized patriarchal norms are being explored. This research used qualitative approach, focusing on the interpretation of human experiences and perspective by using feminist literary criticism. The analysis uses patriarchy and feminist theory by Catharine A. Mackinnon, Julia Kristeva and Sylvia Walby, and compulsory heterosexuality theory by Adrianne Rich and Judith Butler. This research found four forms of internalized patriarchal norms. The internalized of patriarchal norms causes women being the subject of domestic, power and law abuse, and discriminations from patriarchal society. By using “Four Faces of Resistance” by Eric S. Knowles and Jay A. Linn, Abjection and Semiotic by Julia Kristeva, Subversion of Norms by Judith Butler and Lesbian Continuum by Adrianne Rich, this research also finds five form of resistance. Women demonstrate the resistance to challenge how patriarchal norms are manifested through internalized patriarchal norms.
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Fitriani, Ainun Nur, and Nurhayati Sulasih. "The Patriarchal Culture in Michelle Kadarusman’s Girl of the Southern Sea: A Feminism Study." Berumpun: International Journal of Social, Politics, and Humanities 5, no. 1 (2022): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/berumpun.v5i1.94.
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This study aims to reveal the kinds of discrimination due to the patriarchal culture experienced by the protagonist in the novel Girl of the Southern Sea by Michelle Kadarusman. To expose the kinds of discrimination due to the patriarchal culture experienced by the protagonist, this study uses a qualitative method that refers to a descriptive approach to collect primary and secondary data as material for problem-solving and is what it is. This study uses feminist literary criticism theory as a data analysis tool. This research is essential to study because the patriarchal culture inherent in society is the cause of women experiencing discrimination. Men and women play patriarchal culture, so it is oftentimes for women to experience discrimination from men and fellow women. The results showed that Nia, the protagonist in the novel Girl of the Southern Sea, experienced several situations where she was marginalized, subordinated, and stereotyped by men and other women. If literature (novel) is considered a reflection of society, the novel Girl of the Southern Sea critically represents the idea.
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Asamoah, Julius Arhin. "Francis as a Patriarchal Figure: Unpacking Power Dynamics in Buchi Emecheta’s “Second Class Citizen”." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. VII (2023): 1923–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.70851.
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In many African societies, women face discrimination, power disparities, and significant barriers because of patriarchal systems. These circumstances restrict their agency, hinder their progress, and perpetuate gender inequalities. Thus, this study explores the role of Francis as a patriarchal figure in Buchi Emecheta’s novel, Second Class Citizen, and examines the impact of his actions on the protagonist, Adah. The study aims to deepen understanding of gender inequality and the oppressive nature of patriarchal systems by analysing Francis’s behaviour and attitudes. Findings highlight Francis as a symbol of patriarchal power, limiting Adah’s autonomy and perpetuating gender inequalities through dismissive behaviour, double standards, and reinforcement of gender stereotypes. The study identifies implications for Adah’s aspirations, self-identity, emotional well-being, and opportunities, emphasizing the far-reaching effects of Francis’s patriarchal influence. The study further highlights the implications of these findings. Overall, this analysis sheds light on the pervasive influence of patriarchy offering insights into the discrimination and power imbalances faced by African women in traditional and immigrant societies.
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Chaliza, Annisa Nur, and Hasnul Insani Djohar. "Islamic Values and Education in Sufiya Ahmed’s Secrets of the Henna Girl." Muslim English Literature 1, no. 2 (2022): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/mel.v1i2.27914.
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This research examines how Sufiya Ahmed’s Secrets of Henna Girl challenges patriarchal practices by depicting the female character as struggling to fight for their rights through Islamic values and education. By using qualitative methods and close textual analysis, this research examines how the novel opposes to patriarchal culture and the misconception of Islam as a religion that supports discrimination against women. Indeed, the novel uses literary devices to portray patriarchal culture with the following aspects: the female characters experience patriarchal abuse by depicting men as Tiger King represents powerful men. Secondly, the female characters deal with patriarchal system by depicting women as witches representing powerful women. Thirdly, women experienced patriarchal abuse are depicted through the metaphor of glass vases and sacrificed lambs. Fourthly, the characters are depicted as a drama queen if they pursue their educations and careers. Although this novel is seemingly depicted women as the victims of patriarchal system, they are able to resist this system by using Islamic tenets and values, especially the Quran and hadiths. Furthermore, it is found that even though the female characters receive so many patriarchal practices, the novel can depict them as resisting patriarchy through education and Islamic values. Thus, the novel uses Qur’an, hadith, and Islamic teachings as a way to resist the misconception of Islam as a religion that supports discrimination against women.
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Maharani, Adinda. "REPRESENTATION OF THE LIFE OF PATRIARCHY IN THE FILM YUNI (CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS)." Ekspresi Seni : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Karya Seni 25, no. 1 (2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26887/ekspresi.v25i1.2622.
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The patriarchal culture is very closely related to the existing social order in Indonesia, where many women support it in the domestic sphere so that it is attached to the existence of gender discrimination. One of the films by Kamila Andini with the title “Yuni” represents the social problems experienced by women who are trapped in the conception of patriarchal culture. This study aims to describe and analyze the message of patriarchy and gender discrimination experienced by women in the film Yuni using Sara Mills' critical analysis approach. The results show that there are two concepts of critical discourse analysis, which are seen from the position of the subject and the position of the reader or audience, where this study finds how women are represented as parties who do not have a major role in determining their right to life. The traditional patriarchal culture in Yuni's film scene makes women shackled to a stigma that leads to gender discrimination
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Prasetyaningrum, Dyah Ayu, and Ulaya Ahdiani. "The intersectionality of gender discrimination impact on Beth Harmon’s identity development in The Queen’s Gambit." NOTION: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Culture 6, no. 2 (2024): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/notion.v6i2.10522.
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The Queen's Gambit (2020) addresses gender inequality against women in male-dominated industries like chess. Queen's Gambit displays patriarchal structural and representational judgment of women. Gender discrimination affects women's careers, identities, and development. Thus, the study examines gender discrimination's intersectionality and its effects on Beth Harmon, a white low-class young woman. Pictures and talks from the series are the key data in this qualitative study. Also used are intersectionality theory to analyze gender discrimination statistics and stages of development theory to examine character identity development. Gender, age, ethnicity, class, prejudices, and appearances encountered by Beth Harmon shaped her multifaceted identity. Discrimination hindered Beth's development as a chess player and woman throughout her school years, adolescence, and young adulthood, leading to both dystonic and syntonic effects. Stereotypes and injustice give rise to discrimination; therefore, we must acknowledge various identities and histories to prevent a "double burden" of discrimination that impedes growth.
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Linda, Kgomotlokoa, and Mamothibe Amelia Thamae. "Using self-study approach to critique gender stereotyping and discrimination on family resources for girls and women: educational implications." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 13, no. 6 (2024): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i6.3377.
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Girls and women continue to suffer at the hands of patriarchal society that excludes them in family resource allocation. The primary objective of this paper is to examine the challenge that leads to the exclusion of family resource allocation in the form of educational resources for African girls and women. This paper adopts a self-study research approach, which is undergirded by interpretivism philosophical methodology. Intersectional feminism offers a lens for questioning the domination and supremacy of patriarchal society that perpetuates girls’ and women’s vulnerability in the acquisition of family resources in this age. We then discuss how girls and women lead lives marred by hunger, poverty, and inequality. Furthermore, we discuss gender violence and inequality, girl commodification, lessons from matriarchal and patriarchal polities, and gender discrimination at the workplace. We recommend that gender stereotypes and discrimination be eliminated in all social settings; and that at family, society and workplace levels. Finally, that educational institution should reconstruct curricula that should purposively interrogate girls and women's gender stereotyping and discrimination, GBV and other gender issues.
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Rismawati, Bau, and La Sunra. "GENDER DISCRIMINATION ON THE MAIN CHARACTER FIRDAUS IN THE NOVEL “WOMAN AT POINT ZERO” BY NAWAL EL SAADAWI." Journal of English Literature and Linguistic Studies 2, no. 3 (2024): 38. https://doi.org/10.26858/jells.v2i3.65864.
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Women have long suffered because of gender discrimination. In patriarchal societies, discrimination is more fatal due to its homogeneous beliefs and values. This discrimination against women often leads to mental problems for some individuals. Literature serves as a fitting platform to voice social issues, including gender-based discrimination. This study aims to analyze the gender discrimination reflected in the novel "Woman at Point Zero" using Bhui & Hosang's (2018) theory of Gender discrimination and its connection to mental health. The study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method and analyzed using a feminist approach. The study shows that gender discrimination affects almost every aspect of society, and its impact on women's mental health is significant. The experience of Firdaus, a woman living in a patriarchal society, who constantly suffers from unfair treatment, has lost her passion for life. The study concludes that Firdaus as the main character and as a woman does not want to be treated differently, unjustly, and violently. As a woman, she wants to be treated equally, supported, respected, and have the same rights in the household, workplace, education, cultural society, and even politics.
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Shimbre, Mr. Pravin Sopan. "Gender Discrimination is the prominent theme of some Indian Women Novelist." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 36 (2023): 47–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10335090.
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<strong>Abstract: </strong>Women's exploitation, subordination, gender discrimination can be found in Indian Patriarchal society. The present paper find the gender discrimination is a common theme explored by many Indian female novelists in their works. These authors use their writing to shed light on the various forms of discrimination and challenges that women face in Indian society.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "PATRIARCHAL DISCRIMINATION"
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Baloyi, Magezi Elijah. "Patriarchal structures, a hindrance to women's rights." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05272008-135428/.
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Kim, Gumsun. "A question of equality : women and women's art under patriarchal society /." View thesis, 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030801.151817/index.html.
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Kim, Gumsun. "A question of equality : women and women's art under patriarchal society." Thesis, View thesis, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/358.
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In the past and present the inter-gender relationship has been based on male domination resulting in the overlooking of the female role and value. Many male-inspired theories helped to establish this hierarchical relationship and to perpetuate the belief that men and women have been created differently and not equally privileged. My research on the status of Korean women verifies these theories by examining how much social and cultural conditions have contributed to the difference between the genders to the disadvantage of women. It also reveals the distortion of patriarchal theories by investigating the principle of Confucianism which led to the depravation of Korean women's opportunities to develop themselves. The present level of achievement for women's equality is the result of these women's struggles. I as a women artist, present my work so that it will help both men and women to raise their awareness and to eliminate the prejudice towards females in society. The early principle of the Yin and Yang, distorted later for political benefits, implied a cooperative relationship of two forces for creation and development. Although these force are different and independent, when used cooperatively, they make a complete picture of stability and harmony. If they remain separate forces there is no resulting completion of creation, but instability and misfortunes. By disclosing this principle of harmony in Shamanism and early Confucianism, I also present the notion that all kinds of misfortunes come out of a broken harmony between creatures, peoples, and genders.
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Khadra, Salma. "Garçon fantasmé, fille née : étude psychanalytique des enjeux de la réalité sociale patriarcale sur le destin du féminin chez des femmes libanaises." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC033.
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Le Liban est fondé sur une société patriarcale dont l’une des multiples exigences est la naissance d’un garçon au sein des familles. Nous avons pu constater que cette exigence est relayée par les femmes elles-mêmes qui disent souhaiter plus que tout la maternité d’un fils, si possible le premier né. Ce désir si souvent exprimé semble donner raison à la théorie phallo-centrée de Freud qui pose pour la femme une envie primaire du pénis et de sa résolution par la naissance d’un enfant mâle. Pourtant, d’autres théories sur le développement psychosexuel de la femme ont vu le jour déjà chez les disciples directs de Freud puis dans les théorisations psychanalytiques contemporaines. Nous avons voulu explorer cette question en étudiant, grâce à des entretiens cliniques de recherche et la passation de projectifs, le développement psychosexuel de jeunes femmes libanaises à qui depuis leur plus jeune âge, leur entourage et particulièrement leur mère, leur avait explicitement évoquer le fait qu’elles avaient désiré durant leur grossesse un garçon.Si cela nous ne nous a pas permis de trancher le débat entre théorie phallo-centrée et les autres théories, notre travail a mis en évidence que quand le désir inconscient, certes mu par ses conflits inconscients reliés à son propre développement psychosexuel, rencontre le désir de répondre aux mieux à la contrainte sociale de la société patriarcale, la femme bénéficie d’un certain épanouissement. En revanche, force est de constater que dans le cas contraire, les femmes paient une lourde tribu sous formes d’accidents ou d’événements périnataux volontaires et d’une grande souffrance psychique. On a pu aussi mettre en évidence, l’induction de troubles dans les relations précoces avec leur nouveau-né fille qui font le lit à une répétition trans-générationnelle mortifère. Ainsi, à leur tour et en dépit du fait qu’elles déplorent avoir souffert de leur statut de filles-nées, elles désirent donner naissance à un garçon<br>Lebanon is based on a patriarchal society whose multiple demands include the birth of a boy within families. We have seen that this requirement is supported by the women themselves, who say they want more than anything the motherhood of a son, if possible the first born. This desire so often expressed seems to support Freud's phallocentric theory, which poses for women a primary desire for the penis and its resolution through the birth of a male child. However, other theories on the psychosexual development of women have already emerged among Freud's direct disciples and then in contemporary psychoanalytical theorizations.We wanted to explore this question by studying, through clinical research interviews and the passing of projective tests, the psychosexual development of young women to whom from an early age, their environment and especially their mother, had explicitly told them that they had wanted a boy during their pregnancy.If this did not allow us to settle the debate between phallocentric theory and other theories, our work has shown that when the unconscious desire, certainly driven by its unconscious conflicts related to its own psychosexual development, meets the desire to respond as well as possible to the social constraint of patriarchal society, women enjoy a certain fulfillment. On the other hand, it must be noted that, otherwise, women pay a heavy price in the form of accidents or voluntary perinatal events and great psychological suffering. We have also been able to highlight the induction of disorders in early relationships with their newborn daughter who make the bed at a deadly transgenerational repetition. Thus, in turn, and despite the fact that they regret having suffered from their status as born girls, they wish to give birth to a boy
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Iganski, Paul. "Implementing equal employment-opportunities policies in the British National Health Service : racism and patriarchy at work." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1295/.
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An analysis is presented of the implementation of equal employment-opportunities policies in the British National Health Service (NHS). It focuses on policy development at national level for the NHS as a whole, and also at local level in a case-study of two District Health Authorities. The material was collected from interviews with over sixty respondents. At national level they included key actors in the policy process. Data from a mail survey of all Health Authorities and Boards in the NHS - undertaken for the thesis - is used to additionally evaluate policy progress at national level. The analysis focuses on the organisation and stimulae behind policy implementation at national level. At local level, interviews were held with personnel specialists responsible for the formulation of policy, and line-managers responsible for policy implementation. The analysis focuses particularly on equal opportunities monitoring, formalisation of the selection process for employment, and positive action measures. The analysis uses concepts of racism and patriarchy to theoretically structure a variety of disparate processes which deny equality of opportunity at work. It also suggests targets and strategies for policy implementation.
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Ackerman, Carla. "The power of patriarchy : its manifestation in rape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/54906.
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Thesis (MA) -- Stellenbosch University, 1995.<br>Includes bibliography<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates womens' perceptions of social power, as
illustrated by their experiences of rape. In the first chapter
the principles of subjective feminist research are analyzed
against the background of feminist critique on so-called
objective science. This introduction also discusses the feminist
research methodology used in the study.
This is followed by an examination of mainstream political
science's conception of "power". How mainstream political
scientists conceptualise "power", how they define "the exercise
of power". Analyses of the feminist critique against the
mainstream conception of "power" are discussed.
The account of Foucault's ideas on "power" is, to some degree,
a link between mainstream political science's views and feminists
views.
An examination of patriarchy, the three main dichotomies present in our society that determine female/male relations and gendered sexuality follows. It is against the aforementioned background that the literature study moves into a practical research stage. The next chapter
analyses womens' conceptions and experiences of "power"
relations by looking at the feminist theory of rape. This is
followed by an analysis of the research data and a discussion of
the popular rape myths in our society.
A historical overview and analysis of the current rape law is
then given, while the last chapter examines a feminist
alternative conception of "power"relations by re-visiting
"power" and by providing a feminist vision of women-power.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek vrouens se persepsies van sosiale mag soos geïllustreer deur hulle ervarings van verkragting. In die
eerste hoofstuk word die beginsels van subjektiewe feministiese
navorsing geanaliseer teen die agtergrond van die feministiese
kritiek teen sogenaamde objektiewe wetenskap. Dit verskaf 'n
bespreking van die feministiese navorsingsmetodologie wat in die
studie gebruik is.
In die daaropvolgende hoofstuk word hoofstroom politieke
wetenskap se konsepsie van "mag" ondersoek deur te kyk na hoe
hoofstroom politieke wetenskap "mag" konseptualiseer, hoe dit
"die uitoefening van mag" definieer en deur die analise van
feministiese kritiek teen hoofstroom politieke wetenskap se
konsepsie van "mag". Die opsomming van Faucault se idees oor "mag" is in sommige
opsigte 'n skakel tussen hoofstroom politieke wetenskap se
sieninge en die van feministe. 'n Ondersoek na patriargie, die
drie belangrikste tweeledighede ("dichotomies") in ons samelewing wat die verhoudings tussen vrouens en mans bepaal en geslagtelike seksualiteit ("gendered sexuality") volg.
Dit is teen die agtergrond van die voorafgaande dat die
literatuurstudie gevolg word deur 'n praktiese navorsingsfase.
Daar volg'In analise van vrouens se konsepsies en ondervindings
van "magsverhoudinge" deur eerstens na die feministiese teorie
van verkragting te kyk. Hierna volg 'n analise van die
navorsingsdata en In bespreking van populêre verkragtingsmites
in ons samelewing.
In aansluiting by bogenoemde volg 'n historiese oorsig en analise
van die huidige verkragtingswet en vrouens se ervarings daarvan.
Laastens volg 'n feministiese alternatiewe konsepsie van
"magsverhoudinge" deur 'n her-analise van "mag" voor te stel en
deur 'n feministiese visie van vroue-mag ("women-power") te
verskaf.
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Reak, Taylor Michael. ""The Problem is You!": The Role of Patriarchy and Language of Binary Opposition in the Structural Discrimination Against LGBT People in Turkey." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244531.
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The LGBT community in Turkey faces a system of structural discrimination. It is not afforded the same rights as those of the hetero-normative majority of Turkish society, and most fundamentally, there exists a reciprocal relationship between the actors of the hetero sociopolitical sphere of state and non-state actors and the sphere of "homo-society". This relationship feeds into and is fed by the culture of patriarchy replicated in the homosexual sphere and the language of sexual binary opposition inherent in - but not unique to - the Turkish public domain to create a society in which structural discrimination and violence against sexual minorities is the norm. The existence of a strict patriarchy in the sphere of "homo-society", manifested through language of sexual binary opposition, provides the framework for structural discrimination against sexual minorities by the Turkish state and its tools of enforcement, as well as the nonstate actors of the public domain at large. This systematic discrimination against the LGBT community reinforces the patriarchy in LGBT spheres and categorizes its members as sexual deviants existing outside of the circle of hetero-normativity, and it has ultimately become entrenched into the Turkish cultural psyche.
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Le, Thi Thuy Nga Santhat Sermsri. "Social and psychological suffering of infertile women : a study of conjugal relations, stigmatization, discrimination, and social support in Haiphong city, Vietnam /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd376/4637976.pdf.
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Thiele, Anja. "Sexismus." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-221263.
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Sexismus bezeichnet verschiedene Formen der positiven und negativen Diskriminierung von Menschen aufgrund ihres zugeschriebenen Geschlechts sowie die diesem Phänomen zugrunde liegende Geschlechterrollen festschreibende und hierarchisierende Ideologie. Ursprünglich wurde der Begriff in den 1960er Jahren in der US-amerikanischen Frauenbewegung als Analogie zu Rassismus (racism) eingeführt. Sowohl Männer als auch Frauen können von Sexismus betroffen sein. Die Erscheinungsformen von Sexismus sind kulturell und historisch bedingt.
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Simard, Martine. "La marche mondiale des femmes de l'an 2000 : rapports au pouvoir et stratégies d'action dans un contexte néolibéral et patriarcal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24078/24078.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "PATRIARCHAL DISCRIMINATION"
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Brehmer, Ilse. Schule im Patriarchat--Schulung fürs Patriarchat? Beltz Verlag, 1991.
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Mierez, Sandra. #Brechasalarial: Violencia patriarcal. Ediciones Encontrarnos, 2020.
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Virginia, Maquieira D'Angelo, Sánchez Cristina, Amorós Celia, and Fundación Paglo Iglesias, eds. Violencia y sociedad patriarcal. Editorial Pablo Iglesias, 1990.
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Bonaparte, Héctor. Unidos o dominados: Mujeres y varones frente al sistema patriarcal. Homo Sapiens, 1997.
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Molokomme, Imelda Mishodzi. The phenomenal woman's empowerment handbook. Friedrich Ebert Foundation, 2006.
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Spitzer, Eloise. History of gender bias in the justice system. Status of Women Council of the N.W.T., 1992.
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Jeffreys, Sheila. Man's dominion: Religion and the eclipse of women's rights in world politics. Routledge, 2011.
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Jeffreys, Sheila. Man's dominion: Religion and the eclipse of women's rights in world politics. Routledge, 2011.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "PATRIARCHAL DISCRIMINATION"
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Njuki, Jemimah, Susan Kaaria, Ednah Kangogo, et al. "Navigating the Patriarchal Politics of Institutions: Positioning Women and Gender Equality at the Center of Agricultural Development Institutions." In Gender, Power and Politics in Agriculture. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60986-2_6.
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AbstractWhile the lens of patriarchy has been used to understand the gendered power dynamics at different levels of society, research and development organizations have not been subjected to the same analysis. This chapter explores the gendered nature of organizations, using four key elements of patriarchal organizations (i) a gendered division of labor and tasks, (ii) gendered hierarchies, (ii) rigid rules governing performance, and (iv) privileging male dominated content and processes. We discuss the implications of these characteristics on women’s engagement in research, as well as on the positioning of gender research in organizations. Using two case studies, we discuss the key ways in which organizations can be more transformative. Although different organizations are implementing strategies to address gender inequalities in organizations, including through workplace policies and mentoring and leadership programs, we conclude that these initiatives fall short of addressing the structures within organizations and that perpetuate gender-based discrimination.
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Salehin, Mohammad Musfequs. "Gendered and Racialised Vulnerabilities and Violence Against the Rohingya in Myanmar." In Gendered Vulnerabilities and Violence in Forced Migration. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62435-3_4.
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AbstractThis chapter presents gender differentiated forms of direct, structural, cultural and symbolic violence experienced by the Rohingya while they were in Myanmar. The documented atrocities, committed mainly by the Myanmar military, have placed the Rohingya in a state of ongoing discrimination and oppression. Within Myanmar, Rohingya women face a dual burden: enduring physical violence and mental anguish from military and societal forces, compounded by the patriarchal structure within their own community. Structural violence, such as educational discrimination, pervasive poverty, and lack of access to social and community life have affected Rohingya women, men, and children differently. A gendered narrative of threat portrays Rohingya women as ugly and reproductive dangers to Buddhism, while Rohingya men are framed as threats to nationalism and Buddhism. These religious and cultural narratives have served to justify ‘othering’ and various forms of violence by the Myanmar military.
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Erisheva, Aizhan. "Gender Equality and International Human Rights Law in Kyrgyzstan." In Human Rights Dissemination in Central Asia. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27972-0_9.
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AbstractGender inequality is one of the main socioeconomic and transformation issues for women in Central Asia due to the inherited patriarchal culture, the low prioritization of the problem at the country level, and the poor representation of women in decision-making processes. In the case of Kyrgyzstan, in the last couple of years, the news headlines have been filled with sad stories of women suffering from domestic and gender-based violence and discrimination. It appears that women’s rights and interests are not protected, monitored, or part of the state’s agenda. What is surprising, however, is that Kyrgyzstan was the pioneer in the region when it came to adopting laws that promote human rights. Kyrgyzstan ratified the following international human rights treaties to protect women’s rights: the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) in 1997, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1994, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) in 1997, the Forced Labour Convention and the Equal Remuneration Convention, both ratified in 1992, the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention in 1999, the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention and Employment Policy Convention, both ratified in 1992, and many other human rights treaties. In Kyrgyzstan, women are de facto not able to fully participate in the labor market, and do not have social protection or equal remuneration. In addition, they bear the burden of an unequal division of household chores, have limited access to sexual and reproductive health and rights, and suffer from gender-based and domestic violence. The main factors contributing to this situation are inherited patriarchal culture and norms, the socioeconomic situation in the country, limited access to justice, legally undefined terms that have resulted in a discriminatory legal framework, and no government will make the laws and treaties enforceable.
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Njuki, Jemimah, Hale Ann Tufan, Vivian Polar, and Hugo Campos. "Critical Reflections Towards Re-politicizing Gender in Agriculture." In Gender, Power and Politics in Agriculture. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60986-2_11.
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AbstractAdvancing gender equality in agriculture is an inherently political process. In providing a conclusion to an excellent set of chapters that provide critical reflections on how to navigate this political process, we call for a paradigm shift- from fixing women to fixing systems that are inequitable, unjust and undemocratic. We propose four critical steps for doing this. First is to acknowldege the gendered hierarchies and power dynamics built into the agriculture sector. Second, recognize the interconnectedness of women’s lives. Third, bring women’s rights to the fore. And fourth, re-engineer patriarchal organizations and systems to address gender-based discrimination.
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Blandino, Amalia, Gabriele Carapezza Figlia, Letizia Coppo, Snežana Dabić Nikićević, and Katarina Dolović Bojić. "Gender Equality in the Different Fields of Private Law." In Gender-Competent Legal Education. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_15.
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AbstractIn the field of private law, gender inequality takes many different shapes. It may at times be easily noticed from the text of the legal rules, for instance, when certain legal rights are reserved for members of a certain gender (i.e. independency to enter a marriage) or when they are available to both genders but in a discriminatory manner (i.e. men inherit twice as much as women). However, in many legal systems equality is guaranteed by law, but inequality still appears in practice. This may be seen from the fact that, on average, land assets are much more often owned by men or that a higher percentage of men run a business. Various social factors may induce gender inequality, like stereotypical division of gender roles in society (i.e. men as breadwinners and women as caregivers) or the persistence of patriarchal customs and practices (i.e. women should renounce their inheritance rights in favour of male inheritors). The consequences of such factors may also be felt in the field of tort law, especially when it comes to damages suffered by women performing unpaid domestic work or indirect damages suffered by women who have to provide the “informal support” for the person who suffered serious bodily harm that resulted in a situation of dependency. Finally, in the field of contract law, the most difficult tasks seem to be to reconcile the prohibition of discrimination with the freedom of contract and to determine the most suitable legal consequence in case of discrimination.
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Briant, Michael. "5. Guilt and Shame." In Troubled People, Troubled World. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0416.05.
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Shame and the family of feelings associated with it such as humiliation, mockery, ridicule, denigration, disparagement, being ‘diss’d’ etc. hardly figure in the writings of Dicks, Fairbairn, Klein and Money Kyrle. Yet it is the emotion supremely associated with splitting and schizoid states. Some argue that there is no difference between guilt and shame, but the philosopher Bernard Williams, in ‘Shame and Necessity’, succinctly and clearly distinguishes between the two: ‘The psychological model for each emotion involves an internalised figure. In the case of shame this is a watcher or a witness. In the case of guilt the figure is a victim or an enforcer.’ (p. 219) ‘In contrast to guilt, there is no need with shame that the viewer should be angry or otherwise hostile. All that is necessary is that the viewer should perceive that very situation or characteristic that the subject feels is an inadequacy, failing or loss of power.’(p.221) In recent years James Gilligan, Head of Studies in Violence at Harvard and for more than thirty years in charge of the mental health provision in the Massachusetts prison system has drawn attention to the key role of shame and the family of feelings associated with it in precipitating violence. Shame is the bacillus of violence, he argues, the vector is the kind of society that leaves people vulnerable to it, i.e. societies where there is a high degree of inequality in the form of poverty, racism, and discrimination on grounds of gender, sexuality and age. His experience of psychotherapeutic practice over thirty years with prisoners who had been convicted of horrible acts of violence taught him that they had committed these acts because their victim had ‘diss’d’ them, and that if they did not respond with violence they would be regarded as gay. Gilligan’s findings are remarkably close to those of Henry Dicks, and indeed he points out that Hitler came to power on the promise of undoing the ‘shame of Versailles’, but Gilligan came to his conclusions unaware of Dicks’s work. Gilligan claims that education, and groupwork that challenges toxic patriarchal/authoritarian ideas about masculinity, have radically reduced recidivism in the prison system, but he has also been keen to draw attention to the fact that his findings have far reaching socio-political implications, as indeed does the work of Henry Dicks. There is a danger, however, that any attempt to base policies on them may be dismissed as ‘utopian’, with the argument that utopian thinking derives from apocalyptic ideation and always ends in violence. Neither claim has any historical foundation. Norman Cohn points out that apocalyptic ideas appealed to the marginalised, to the landless, or those with too little land to support life, to the powerless, who were understandably attracted to the notion of an all-powerful god who would rescue them and punish their abusers. The major example of apocalyptic thinking in the past two thousand years, moreover, has been Christianity, which, at its very heart, has a profound commitment to non-violence. Utopian experiments may derive from apocalyptic ideas or they may not, but there are various examples like Robert Owen’s New Lanark that simply came to a peaceful end.
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Ikyernum, Sachia Ephraim. "Religious Leadership and Gender Discrimination." In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6826-5.ch014.
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The patriarchal leadership influence on any society cannot be overemphasized. This has been reflected even in the church today, especially among the mainline churches. Yet, the advents of Pentecostal churches/ministries have given women better sense of belonging in leadership roles; but only to some extent. Some of them are women leaders, pastors, founders, co-founders, deacons, evangelists, bishops, and teachers. Findings still show during oral interviews that their current leadership roles are still posed with anti-feminine challenges like male domination, domestic functions, death of the bread winner and cultural influence amongst others. This work therefore recommends that women in leadership in Pentecostal churches/ministries should be tolerant and persevere to stand against all odds in the patriarchal set up. They should work hard to strike a balance between domestic and church commitment. Those whose husbands are dead should look unto the Lord for strength to carry on and also pray for wisdom on how to deal with cultural norms that creep into the church.
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Tai, Eika. "Discrimination against Women." In Comfort Women Activism. Hong Kong University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528455.003.0005.
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Feminist scholars argue that the licensed prostitution system, a system of sexual slavery created in prewar Japan to complement the patriarchal system, became the basis of the wartime comfort women system. They have begun to examine the comfort women issue in relation to contemporary issues of sexual violence such as adult videos, pointing out that deep-seated sex culture of Japan as a reason for the social resistance against taking responsibility for the issue. Activists in the comfort women movement include those involved in the women’s liberation movement of the early 1970s, in which the comfort women issue was problematized. One such activist, Tanimoto Ayako, criticizes in her narrative the commodification of women, pointing to similarities between survivors of Japan’s military sexual slavery and those of domestic violence in today’s Japan. In their narratives, Nakagawa Kayoko and Yamagata Junko talk about how they have struggled with pervasive gender discrimination in Japanese society from a human rights framework and from a perspective of Christianity, respectively.
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Jahan, Ferdous, Sharif Abdul Wahab, and Fairooz Binte Hafiz. "Gender and Ethnic Discrimination." In Indigenous Studies. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0423-9.ch038.
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Socioeconomic inequality among men and women is a major hindrance in ensuring equal advancement for all human being to live a dignified life. Minority status of women further exacerbates inequalities faced by women belonging to small ethnic groups. The chapter explores gender inequality across three small ethnic minorities' groups in Bangladesh. Applying Nussbaum's capability approach to analyze the situation of women with different social and ethnic identities, this chapter unpacks the three-fold barriers experienced by women belonging to minorities groups – first, as minority group, second as women and third as minority women. Lack of awareness, perceiving their “present state” as destiny, social and local norms and patriarchal way of thinking force these women to live with identity of secondary citizens.
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Fredman FBA KC, Sandra. "Challenges and Contestations." In Discrimination Law, 3rd ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854081.003.0006.
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Abstract This chapter examines four challenging issues in which the foundational principles have had to evolve towards a substantive understanding of equality. Section II—Pregnancy and Parenting—begins with the difficulty faced in applying the comparator principle to pregnancy, with jurisdictions first excluding protection, then seeking an ‘ill male comparator’ (still used in the US), then avoiding a comparator requirement, and eventually, in some jurisdictions, specifying pregnancy as a ground. The chapter argues that the best way forward is to distinguish between pregnancy and parenting. Section III, Equal Pay, examines the radical possibilities of equal value but demonstrates how these have been limited by the male comparator requirement; levelling down; absence of proportionate pay; and reliance on individual complaints. It investigates alternatives such as the Canadian pay equity schemes. Section IV, Sexual Harassment, examines steps taken to fashion discrimination to address sexual harassment, including hostile environment harassment. However, there remain several challenges, such as the risk that courts will regard workplace procedures as sufficient to discharge employers’ liability. More fundamentally, sexual harassment laws have failed to address its true foundations in patriarchal power, as reflected in the move away from law to social media in the form of #MeToo. Section V, Duty of Accommodation, examines the main challenges of the duty, including the extent to which it can address disabling effects of society; the ways in which the cost is and should be spread away from the disabled person; whether the duty is proactive or reactive; and whether it is individualized.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "PATRIARCHAL DISCRIMINATION"
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Zenelaj Shehi, Reina, Endi Tirana, and Ajsela Toci. "Patterns of Geographic Gender Based Violence: Politics, Culture and Development Issues." In Ninth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2023.467.
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This study seeks to investigate and evaluate the phenomena of spatial gender-based violence in Albania. It asks in what ways are gender-based violence patterns and prevalence vary in different regions of Albania. Furthermore, which demographic, political, cultural, and socioeconomic factors are responsible for these regional variations? The study benefits from the frameworks of intersectionality theory and spatial analysis and uses the literature to search for relevant variables that act as intersecting identities contributing to unique forms of violence and discrimination. Survey results indicate that the patriarchal system and gender based norms are two perpetuating variables that are perceived to contribute the most to gender based violence. Economic repercussions were also emphasized, with GGBV restricting women’s access to financial independence, career opportunities, and education. Notwithstanding, there is a rising knowledge of the significance of patriarchal institutions, gender norms, and the necessity of gender equality in resolving violence.
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DEKA, Kabita, and Debajyoti BISWAS. "WOMEN IN GENDERED ENCLOSURE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIRA GOSWAMI’S DATAL HATIR UNE KHOWA HOWDAH (THE MOTH-EATEN HOWDAH OF A TUSKER) AND EASTERINE IRALU’S A TERRIBLE MATRIARCHY." In Synergies in Communication. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/sic/2021/04.05.
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The paper discusses Mamani Raism Goswami’s The Moth Eaten Howda of the Tusker (2004) and Easterine Kire Iralu’s A Terrible Matriarchy (2011) with reference to the plight of women in North East India. Although the socio-cultural context of the novels varies from each other, the paper argues that the characters depicted in the fictions are connected through the sense of deprivation and oppression that women have to undergo in a patriarchal society. Iralu’s A Terrible Matriarchy and Goswami’s The Moth-Eaten Howda of a Tusker underscore that neither religion nor modernity can offer a solution to the existing structures of domination and discrimination unless the women resist and break these structures from within.
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Kim, Junbi, and Okchai Choi. "Workplace gender discrimination and Consciousness of Sexual Violence in Female Workers – Centered on the mediating effect of consciousness of patriarchal gender roles." In World Conference on Social Sciences. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/worldcss.2019.09.552.
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Schallemberger, Rafaelly Andressa. "Brazilian Women: A Struggle to be Heard." In 13th Women's Leadership and Empowerment Conference. Tomorrow People Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/wlec.2022.002.
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Abstract Outsiders may wonder what Brazilian women’s lives are like here and who the women activists influencing human rights, female empowerment, and social change are. As in other countries, during the past few decades Brazilian women have revolted against patriarchy by raising their voices and creating social impact. This qualitative study, using secondary research, identifies Marielle Franco, Zilda Arns, Maria da Penha, Marta Vieira da Silva, and Dilma Rousseff as five empowered Brazilian women. Most came from humble origins - families that were examples of charity and struggled for rights, but all obtained degrees either in higher education or in their specialization. However, their origins did not determine social action. The driving force was their suffering from discrimination, specifically because they were women and, furthermore, because they occupied places that were previously reserved for white men. Almost all were persecuted, while others also suffered discrimination because of their skin color and ethnicity. Even so, being wives and mothers, all were excellent professionals, searching for success and achieving progress in their dedicated areas by creating social changes, especially in human rights for children and women. Those who are still alive continue the battle against the entrenched patriarchy in a predominantly macho society as they continue their strife for more progress. Finally, those committed to building an evolved, modern, inclusive, and respectful Brazilian society perceive the macho practices that prevail as inadequate and detrimental to women. As more and more women carry on in the fight for human rights, society will evolve. Keywords: Brazilian women, human rights, discrimination, women’s rights
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Đurđević, Nenad. "KOLEKTIVNI ASPEKT SLOBODE VEROISPOVESTI." In MEĐUNARODNI naučni skup Državno-crkveno pravo. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/dcp23.005dj.
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By its importance to the greatest number of people, freedom of religion, both historically and in the modern world, has become their universal need and interest, with characteristics that enable and require a greater and more specific presence of law than in the case of the legal treatment of freedom of thought, conscience and religion, into which she herself enters. It is about the so-called absolute human right (the right of personality), for which a person cannot only be punished but also harassed, including forcing him to reveal his religion. Freedom of religion is, above all, man's spiritual sphere, which represents his forum internum. However, unlike freedom of thought and conscience, freedom of religion also has an external component (forum externum), i.e., a collective aspect, the essence of which is the possibility of professing faith in communication and community with other people, publicly and privately, through non-institutional and institutional forms. At the same time, for the vast majority of believers, the freedom to associate with others for the purpose of expressing their faith, that is, the possibility to freely form their own religious community in legally recognized forms, is of the same importance as the right to have a particular religion in general. Freedom of religion, as an individual right, can be annulled if it is not supplemented by the right of a religious group to build an infrastructure that enables individuals to fully enjoy that freedom and the right to autonomy in their internal affairs. The collective aspect of freedom of religion is often connected in practice with state intervention in favor of some, as a rule, majority religious community to the detriment of minority religious communities or with state interference in the internal organizational or personnel issues of a religious community. Many of these cases ended up before the European Court of Human Rights with a decision on the violation of freedom of religion, often with violations of the prohibition of discrimination or freedom of association. The European Court of Human Rights found in all those cases that such a position of the state is contrary to its obligation to act neutrally in relation to all churches and religious communities on its territory, from the point of view of realizing both individual and collective aspects of freedom of religion. The persecution of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate and its clergy by the Ukrainian state and the complete siding with the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate, which we have witnessed in recent years and especially in 2023, clearly show all the fragility and politicization of the guarantee of the collective aspect of freedom of religion when it conflicts with state and geostrategic interests and policies. We can also add the recent events regarding the adoption of the Law on Freedom of Religion in Montenegro and the conclusion of the Fundamental Agreement between the State of Montenegro and the Serbian Orthodox Church. It can be freely said that the realization of freedom of religion, and especially its collective aspect, for a certain religious community/group in practice most often essentially depends on its relationship with the state authority on whose territory it operates and the model of state-religious community relations applied in a particular state.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "PATRIARCHAL DISCRIMINATION"
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Al-Qaddo, Syria Mahmoud Ahmad. Shabak Women in the Nineveh Plain: The Impact of Intersectional Discrimination on their Daily Lives. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.008.
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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the discrimination and marginalisation faced by the Shabak community in the Nineveh Plains in Iraq. Shabak women in Iraq live within a tribal, religious and patriarchal society. Priority is given to men in terms of education, employment, public life, personal freedom and inheritance. This means that, while all Shabak people have suffered from years of conflict and marginalisation as a religious minority group, women and girls face particular forms of intersectional discrimination. Today more Shabak women go to school and university, and participate in political processes, but these developments have not been consistent or comprehensive for all Shabak women.
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Roselló Soberón, Estela. Working paper PUEAA No. 18. Women in resistance: avatars of Afghan and Mexican women in their daily fights against contemporary violence. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.003r.2023.
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The next reflection has the purpose of analyzing the resilience strategies of Afghan women and girls throughout the 21st century to compare them with those other strategies that many Mexican women and girls from rural and urban communities have to use on a daily life to survive in the midst of different types of conditions of marginalization, discrimination and violence. The communication compares the representation and construction of negative female stereotypes originated in the most traditional visions of islam and catholicism to analyze the response that contemporary, resilient, and combative women have offered to fight against these cultural assumptions in search of greater freedoms, rights, and opportunities to live with dignity. This cultural comparison has the purpose of looking at women as active subjects, capable of responding and acting in situations of oppression, discrimination, and daily mistreatment in patriarchal societies where violence against women is one of the social, political, economic and cultures of most urgent attention.
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Enfield, Sue. Promoting Gender Equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.063.
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This helpdesk report synthesises evidence on the drivers and opportunities for promoting gender equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood region. Although equality between women and men is enshrined in the constitutions and legal systems of all Eastern Neighbourhood countries, and all countries have ratified most of the important international conventions in this area without reservations; women are still subject to social discrimination. Discriminatory laws, social norms, and practices rooted in patriarchal systems inherited from the Soviet era have negative consequences and act as drags upon gender equality. Former Soviet states making the transition from a command economy to a market-driven system need to make changes in governance and accountability systems to allow for women to have agency and to benefit from any nominal status of gender equality. This report considers areas where there are outstanding opportunities to improve women’s situation in Eastern Neighbourhood countries.
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Carter, Becky. Gender Inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.062.
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This rapid review examines evidence on the structural causes and drivers of gender inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood region and how these gender inequalities contribute to instability in the region. While the Eastern Neighbourhood region performs relatively well on gender equality compared with the rest of the world, women and girls continue to face systemic political and economic marginalisation and are vulnerable to gender-based violence. Research on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova identifies the key underlying cause to be a set of traditional patriarchal gender norms, intersecting with conservative religious identities and harmful customary practices. These norms do not operate in isolation: the literature highlights that gender inequalities are caused by the interplay of multiple factors (with women’s unequal economic resources having a critical effect), while overlapping disadvantages affect lived experiences of inequalities. Other key factors are the region’s protracted conflicts; legal reform gaps and implementation challenges; socio-economic factors (including the impact of COVID-19); and governance trends (systemic corruption, growing conservatism, and negative narratives influenced by regional geopolitics). Together these limit women and girls’ empowerment; men and boys are also affected negatively in different ways, while LGBT+ people have become a particular target for societal discrimination in the region. Global evidence – showing that more gender unequal societies correlate with increased instability – provides a frame of reference for the region’s persistent gender inequalities.