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Książki na temat „Perceptual cues and mechanisms”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 25 stycznia 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Stine, Gabriel. Neural mechanisms for forming and terminating a perceptual decision. [publisher not identified], 2022.

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Zanon, Sandra Lia. Effects of combined perceptual and conceptual retrieval cues on primed word-fragment completion. National Library of Canada, 1993.

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Jan, Gauffin, and Hammarberg Britta, eds. Vocal fold physiology: Acoustic, perceptual, and physiological aspects of voice mechanisms. Singular Pub. Group, 1991.

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Hinkle, William. Neural Mechanisms Mediating the Effects of Food Cues and Acute Exercise: A functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Functional Connectivity Investigation. [publisher not identified], 2013.

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Sundar, S. Shyam. Social psychology of interactivity in human-website interaction. Edited by Adam N. Joinson, Katelyn Y. A. McKenna, Tom Postmes, and Ulf-Dietrich Reips. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561803.013.0007.

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This article discusses interactivity as a modality feature, source feature, and message feature. It argues that the ultimate effect of interactivity does not lie so much in its function as a peripheral cue in the message context, but as a technological feature that boosts social-psychological effects of content by creating greater user engagement with it. Interactivity can manifest itself by extending the range and functionality of all three basic elements of mediated communication – source, modality, message – and, through theoretical mechanisms involving concepts such as perceptual bandwidth

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Johnson, Samuel G. B., and Woo-kyoung Ahn. Causal Mechanisms. Edited by Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.12.

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This chapter reviews empirical and theoretical results concerning knowledge of causal mechanisms—beliefs about how and why events are causally linked. First, it reviews the effects of mechanism knowledge, showing that mechanism knowledge can override other cues to causality (including covariation evidence and temporal cues) and structural constraints (the Markov condition), and that mechanisms play a key role in various forms of inductive inference. Second, it examines several theories of how mechanisms are mentally represented—as associations, forces or powers, icons, abstract placeholders, n

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Liebenthal, Einat, and Lynne E. Bernstein, eds. Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Categorization as Precursors to Speech Perception. Frontiers Media SA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-158-6.

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Gauffin, Jan, and Britta Hammarberg. Vocal Fold Physiology: Acoustic, Perceptual, and Physiological Aspects of Voice Mechanisms. Singular Publishing Group, 1991.

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Mattavelli, Giulia, Alessia Celeghin, and Noemi Mazzoni, eds. Explicit and Implicit Emotion Processing: Neural Basis, Perceptual and Cognitive Mechanisms. Frontiers Media SA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88966-177-0.

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Centre for Vision Research International Conference on Perceptual Organization. Centre for Vision Research, York University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/10315/39500.

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A principal challenge for both human and machine vision systems is to integrate and organize the diversity of cues received from the environment into the coherent global representations required to make good decisions and take effective actions. This conference brings together an interdisciplinary roster of leading researchers in both biological and computer vision to report and discuss the latest research on this process of perceptual organization.

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An investigation of mechanisms underlying the mental practice effect. 1991.

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An investigation of mechanisms underlying the mental practice effect. 1989.

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Little, Daniel, Nicholas Altieri, Mario Fific, and Cheng-Ta Yang. Systems Factorial Technology: A Theory Driven Methodology for the Identification of Perceptual and Cognitive Mechanisms. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2017.

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Little, Daniel, Nicholas Altieri, Mario Fific, and Cheng-Ta Yang. Systems Factorial Technology: A Theory Driven Methodology for the Identification of Perceptual and Cognitive Mechanisms. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2017.

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Contingent attentional capture: Final report, joint research interchange NCA2-797. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Contingent attentional capture: Final report, joint research interchange NCA2-797. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Clark, Kelsey L., Behrad Noudoost, Robert J. Schafer, and Tirin Moore. Neuronal Mechanisms of Attentional Control. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.010.

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Covert spatial attention prioritizes the processing of stimuli at a given peripheral location, away from the direction of gaze, and selectively enhances visual discrimination, speed of processing, contrast sensitivity, and spatial resolution at the attended location. While correlates of this type of attention, which are believed to underlie perceptual benefits, have been found in a variety of visual cortical areas, more recent observations suggest that these effects may originate from frontal and parietal areas. Evidence for a causal role in attention is especially robust for the Frontal Eye F

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18

Gottlieb, Jacqueline. Neuronal Mechanisms of Attentional Control. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.033.

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Damage to the human inferior parietal lobe produces an attentional disturbance known as contralateral neglect, and neurophysiological studies in monkeys have begun to unravel the cellular basis of this function. Converging evidence suggests that LIP encodes a sparse topographic map of the visual world that highlights attention-worthy objects or locations. LIP cells may facilitate sensory attentional modulations, and ultimately the transient improvement in perceptual thresholds that is the behavioural signature of visual attention. In addition, LIP projects to oculomotor centres where it can pr

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19

Martin, Graham R. Birds Underwater: A Paucity of Information. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694532.003.0007.

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Entering beneath the water surface produces a radical change in perceptual challenges. The eye is no longer able to focus adequately and, with increasing depth, light levels decrease and the spectral properties of ambient light narrows with the result that visual resolution decreases rapidly and colour cues are lost. Diving to depth is rapid which means that perceptual challenges change constantly. This results in a paucity of visual information and olfaction and hearing cannot be used to complement this loss. Amphibious foragers must rely upon minimal cues and very specialized foraging behavi

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Cohen, Marlene R., and John H. R. Maunsell. Neuronal Mechanisms of Spatial Attention in Visual Cerebral Cortex. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.007.

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Attention is associated with improved performance on perceptual tasks and changes in the way that neurons in the visual system respond to sensory stimuli. While we now have a greater understanding of the way different behavioural and stimulus conditions modulate the responses of neurons in different cortical areas, it has proven difficult to identify the neuronal mechanisms responsible for these changes and establish a strong link between attention-related modulation of sensory responses and changes in perception. Recent conceptual and technological advances have enabled progress and hold prom

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Mizuguchi, Shinobu, and Koichi Tateishi. Prominence in a Pitch Language. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978721104.

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This work examines the way in which prominence—a perceptual feature that is highlighted by speakers as being important through prosodic, syntactic, and semantic cues—is marked and perceived in Japanese. Drawing on extensive quantitative data, the authors argue that Japanese, unlike non-agglutinative languages, marks prominence on content words as well as function morphemes, that local F0 boost and boundary pitch movement (BPM) are the cues to mark prominence, that the domain of the focal prominence differs on which cue it is loaded with, and that BPM is possibly aligned to function morphemes a

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Noordhof, Paul. Evaluative Perception as Response-Dependent Representation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786054.003.0005.

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One dimension of the controversy over whether evaluative properties are presented in perceptual content has general roots in the debate over whether perceptual content, in general, is rich or austere. This chapter argues that we need to recognize a level of rich non-sensory perceptual content, drawing on experiences of chicken sexing and speech perception, to capture what our experience is like and our epistemic entitlements. In both cases (and many others), we are not conscious of the precise perceptual cues that are the basis for discriminations and, thus, the characterization of the phenome

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Carpinella, Colleen M., and Kerri L. Johnson. Face Value: Facial Appearance and Assessments of Politicians. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.62.

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The facial appearance of political candidates provides information to voters that can be vital to the impression-formation process. Traditionally, psychological research in the field of appearance-based politics has concentrated on investigating whether politicians’ physical appearance impacts perceptions of them. Recently, the focus has shifted from examining whether facial cues matter for impression formation to determining (1) which facial cues matter for voters’ perceptions of politicians and (2) how such visual cues are utilized within the political decision-making process. This shift in

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Buchanan, Allen. Toward a Naturalistic Theory of Inclusivist Moral Progress. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190868413.003.0007.

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This chapter presents the evolutionary core of a naturalistic theory that can account for the “inclusivist anomaly” discussed in the previous chapter. It draws upon a wide range of evidence suggesting that evolution has produced “adaptively plastic” moral psychological mechanisms that are configured to prevent inclusivist moral norms and dispositions from developing in certain environments, while allowing them to flourish in others. This evolutionary model of moral psychological development unifies a wide range of observations in disciplines as diverse as anthropology, psychology, sociology, h

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Horner, John D., Bartosz J. Płachno, Ulrike Bauer, and Bruno Di Giusto. Attraction of prey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0012.

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The ability to attract prey has long been considered a universal trait of carnivorous plants. We review studies from the past 25 years that have investigated the mechanisms by which carnivorous plants attract prey to their traps. Potential attractants include nectar, visual, olfactory, and acoustic cues. Each of these has been well documented to be effective in various species, but prey attraction is not ubiquitous among carnivorous plants. Directions for future research, especially in native habitats in the field, include: the qualitative and quantitative analysis of visual cues, volatiles, a

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Shiffrar, Maggie, and Christina Joseph. Paths of Apparent Human Motion Follow Motor Constraints. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0077.

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The phenomenon of apparent motion, or the illusory perception of movement from rapidly displayed static images, provides an excellent platform for the study of how perceptual systems analyze input over time and space. Studies of the human body in apparent motion further suggest that the visual system is also influenced by an observer’s motor experience with his or her own body. As a result, the human visual system sometimes processes human movement differently from object movement. For example, under apparent motion conditions in which inanimate objects appear to traverse the shortest possible

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Nobre, Anna C. (Kia), and Gustavo Rohenkohl. Time for the Fourth Dimension in Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.036.

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This chapter takes attention into the fourth dimension by considering research that explores how predictive information in the temporal structure of events can contribute to optimizing perception. The authors review behavioural and neural findings from three lines of investigation in which the temporal regularity and predictability of events are manipulated through rhythms, hazard functions, and cues. The findings highlight the fundamental role temporal expectations play in shaping several aspects of performance, from early perceptual analysis to motor preparation. They also reveal modulation

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Anderson, James A. Brain Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199357789.003.0015.

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“What is a number that a man may know it?” (Warren McCulloch). A wave model can determine “numerosity” (number of identical items) for small numbers of items. Identity and numerosity can be explained through similar mechanisms. Can there be a biology of number? Imaging studies find a topographic map of number magnitude in the human brain. Higher mathematics is based in part on refined perception. Classic mathematical philosophy—Platonism and formalism—may be usefully extended with perceptual components both learned and unlearned. Perceptual involvement suggests why mathematics is surprisingly

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Fujita, Kazuo, Noriyuki Nakamura, and Sota Watanabe. Visual Illusion in a Comparative Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0003.

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Visual illusions in nonhuman animals are not only an intriguing topic in themselves but also an important question to understand regarding how humans’ perceptual systems have developed through evolution, why they work as they do, and what mechanisms such illusory processes are based on. Furthermore, the effects of early experience on illusory perception can be understood by controlling raising environments of nonhumans. This chapter presents a brief review of the literature then looks at more recent systematic analyses mainly focused on pigeons. Although pigeons are susceptible to various illu

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Maruska, Karen P., and Russell D. Fernald. Social Regulation of Gene Expression in the African Cichlid Fish. Edited by Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.012.

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How does an animal’s social environment shape its behavior and physiology, and what underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms lead to phenotypic changes? To address this question, the authors used a model system that exhibits socially regulated plastic phenotypes, behavioral complexity, molecular level access, and genomic resources. The African cichlid fishAstatotilapia burtoni, in which male status and reproductive physiology are under social control, has become an important model for studying the mechanisms that regulate complex social behaviors. This chapter reviews what is known about ho

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Masuda, Takahiko, Liman Man Wai Li, and Matthew J. Russell. Judging the World Dialectically versus Non-Dialectically. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0007.

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For over three decades, cultural psychologists have advocated the importance of cultural meaning systems and their effects on basic modes of perception and cognition. This chapter reviews findings which have demonstrated that culturally dominant ways of thinking influence people’s basic perceptual and cognitive processes: East Asians are more likely to endorse holistic thinking and dialectical thinking style when they process information, such that they incorporate more contextual information into their judgments of focal objects, and North Americans are more likely to endorse non-dialectical

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Clasen, Mathias. How Horror Works, I. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190666507.003.0003.

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Horror fiction exploits deep-seated psychological mechanisms that evolved over millions of years in response to threats in the environment. As Charles Darwin documented, our species, like all other organisms, evolved in an adaptive relation to our environment. Archaeological and anthropological evidence suggests that human prehistoric existence was more dangerous than life in modern industrialized nations. That dangerous existence has given rise, as studied in evolutionary psychology, to an evolved fear system—since fear is, as H.P. Lovecraft stated, the oldest and strongest emotion—a watchful

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White, Peter A. Visual Impressions of Causality. Edited by Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.17.

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A simple animation in which a moving object contacts a stationary one and the latter then moves off gives rise to a visual impression in which the first object makes the second one move. There are several other kinds of visual causal impressions; they are perceptual interpretations that go beyond, and disambiguate, the information in the stimulus. It has been argued that visual causal impressions result from the activation of innate perceptual structures or mechanisms. It has also been argued that visual causal impressions result from the activation of memorial information based on past experi

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Ruxton, Graeme D., William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt, and Michael P. Speed. Countershading. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688678.003.0004.

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Countershading is a coloration pattern where the exterior surfaces most exposed to light, typically dorsal surfaces, are more darkly coloured than those oriented away from light, typically ventral surfaces. Countershading is widely discussed as a camouflage defence, although other functions—such as thermoregulation, abrasion resistance, and protection from ultraviolet light—may also select for countershading. In terms of camouflage, countershading is thought to work by up to six distinct mechanisms. We discuss several key examples of countershading and counterillumination that give insight int

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Millikan, Ruth Garrett. Functions of Same-Tracking. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717195.003.0004.

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There are non-uniceptual same-tracking mechanisms, mechanisms that same-track not in order to implement storage of information about their targets, but merely as an aid to the identification of further things. Examples are the various mechanisms of perceptual constancy, self-relative location trackers, object-constancy mechanisms, and same-trackers for real categories. There are also several kinds of unicepts, hence, of unitrackers, procedural, substantive, attributive. What begins as a non-uniceptual same-tracker might or might not be redeployed to serve also as a procedural unitracker, or a

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Field, Matt. Attentional biases in drug abuse and addiction. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198569299.003.0003.

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Drug abuse and addiction are associated with biases in selective attention for drug-associated stimuli. This chapter reviews this literature and discusses it within existing theoretical frameworks. Although the existence of attentional biases is well documented, a variety of different paradigms (that may tap different mechanisms) have been used, leaving the cognitive and attentional processes involved in attentional biases poorly understood and in need of clarification. Consistent with some theoretical predictions, the evidence suggests that attentional biases operate in early stages of attent

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Ruxton, Graeme D., William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt, and Michael P. Speed. Disruptive camouflage. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688678.003.0003.

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Disruptive camouflage involves using coloration to hinder detection or recognition of an object’s outline, or other conspicuous features of its body. This involves using coloration to create ‘false’ edges that make the ‘true’ interior and exterior edges used by visual predators to find and recognize prey less apparent. Disruptive camouflage can therefore be thought of as a manipulation of the signal-to-noise ratio that depends on features of the perceptual processing of receivers. This chapter discusses the multiple mechanisms via which disruptive camouflage is thought to influence visual proc

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Frühholz, Sascha, and Pascal Belin, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Voice Perception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743187.001.0001.

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The past decades have seen an explosion of research into the psychological, cognitive, neural, biological, and technical mechanisms of voice perception. These mechanisms refer to the general ability to extract information from voices expressed by other living beings or by technical systems. Voice perception research is now a lively area of research, which is studied from many different perspectives ranging from basic research on the acoustic analysis of vocalizations and the neural and cognitive mechanisms, to comparative research across ages, species, and cultures, up to applied research in t

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Pylyshyn, Zenon W. Scientific Theories and Fodorian Exceptionalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464783.003.0009.

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The chapter sketches how Fodor and I, beginning from different perspectives, were led to make a sharp distinction between registering certain distal objects in visual perception and categorizing and recognizing these objects. The precategorical or nonconceptual operations in categorizing were unlike cognitive processes in general in that they were insensitive to beliefs or to inferences from background knowledge, thus they were barred from using expectations even when the latter were relevant to correct decisions or goal-driven actions. We postulated certain fixed mechanisms of perception—what

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Kuhl, Brice A., and Marvin Chun. Memory and Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.034.

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A primary theme in attention research is that there is too much information in our environment for everything to be processed and, as a consequence, information processing is selective. This chapter reviews various properties of memory from the perspective of selective attention. It argues that the ways in which we form, retrieve, and work with our memories largely represent acts of attention. One obvious advantage of framing mnemonic processes as attentional phenomena is that it underscores the processing limits that are central to memory and the necessity of selection. Another advantage is t

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Trainor, Laurel J., and Robert J. Zatorre. The neurobiological basis of musical expectations. Edited by Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0016.

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This article explores how the auditory system processes incoming information and generates perceptual representations that allow it to make predictions about future sound events from past context, and how music appears to make use of this general processing mechanism. It focuses on expectation formation in auditory cortex because this is where the most research has been done, but there is also evidence for prediction mechanisms at subcortical levels and at levels beyond sensory areas. The article presents a framework for thinking about the neurological basis of expectation and prediction in mu

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Wilson, Deirdre. Relevance Theory and Literary Interpretation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794776.003.0011.

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This concluding chapter reflects in general terms on some aspects of relevance theory that have been fruitfully used in the analyses in this volume, and on some aspects of literary communication that have been seen by both supporters and critics of relevance theory as showing the need for modifications to the inferential mechanisms it proposes. After distinguishing comprehension (identifying the intended import of a communicative act) from interpretation (going beyond the intended import to draw one’s own conclusions), it discusses a range of stylistic and rhetorical effects—typically created

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Thomas, Ayanna K., Meeyeon Lee, and Gregory Hughes. Introspecting on the Elusive. Edited by John Dunlosky and Sarah (Uma) K. Tauber. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.16.

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The state of knowing in the absence of knowledge is a peculiar metacognitive phenomenon that intuitively implies that we are able to introspect on memory processes of search, storage, and retrieval. The ability to make this assessment suggests that we may be able to use certain cues to assess the quality of knowledge that may be hidden from conscious view. The focus of this chapter is the uncanny metacognitive state of the feeling of knowing (FOK). We examine the theoretical questions that have motivated research into this phenomenon. These questions are viewed through a historical perspective

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Recasens, Daniel. Phonetic Causes of Sound Change. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845010.001.0001.

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The present study sheds light on the phonetic causes of sound change and the intermediate stages of the diachronic pathways by studying the palatalization and assibilation of velar stops (referred to commonly as ‘velar softening’, as exemplified by the replacement of Latin /ˈkɛntʊ/ by Tuscan Italian [ˈtʃɛnto] ‘one hundred’), and of labial stops and labiodental fricatives (also known as’ labial softening’, as in the case of the dialectal variant [ˈtʃatɾə] of /ˈpjatɾə/ ‘stone’ in Romanian dialects). To a lesser extent, it also deals with the palatalization and affrication of dentoalveolar stops.

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Patel, Aniruddh D. Music and the brain. Edited by Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0019.

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This article presents the evidence for links between music and language. The focus is on perceptual processes, and on links between mechanisms involved in the processing of instrumental music and of ordinary, day-to- day language. Music and language may have a number of common processes that act on distinct types of information, e.g. on musical melodies vs. linguistic intonation contours, or on chord progressions vs. sequences of words. Thus, the distinction between the domain specificity of information vs. the generality of processing is an essential conceptual tool for research that examines

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and, Bruno. Spaces. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0007.

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To our introspection, space appears as a unitary, continuous, and uniform container for objects and events. In this chapter, we show that behind this impression are in fact multiple representations of space tied to multisensory and motor processes. Information about space is coded in profoundly different ways within visual, auditory, and somatosensory channels, yielding a multitude of spatial maps in the brain with completely different frames of reference. These maps need to be coordinated and brought into register within and across sensory channels to yield separate representations for person

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Goldsmith, Morris. Metacognitive Quality-Control Processes in Memory Retrieval and Reporting. Edited by John Dunlosky and Sarah (Uma) K. Tauber. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.28.

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Quality control in memory retrieval and reporting is achieved both by “back-end” processes designed to identify and screen out defective (false) retrieval products and by “front-end” processes that attempt to prevent the retrieval of false information in the first place. Front-end processes utilize metacognitive knowledge in choosing an appropriate retrieval strategy and in specifying and applying effective and constraining retrieval cues. Back-end processes monitor the correctness of the retrieved information and on that basis, together with strategic considerations concerning the perceived p

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Laurent, Jose G. Cedeño, Joseph G. Allen, and John D. Spengler. The built environment and sleep. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778240.003.0023.

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Through evolution, our bodies have synchronized to environmental time, making our molecular clock mechanisms responsive to environmental cues such as light and temperature. In providing shelter from extreme climate conditions, however, modern societies have dramatically modified their environment without fully appreciating the consequences. We present an overview of the influence that lighting and thermal and acoustic conditions in our built environment exert on our sleep. These factors have changed substantially in the last century and biological systems have not had sufficient time to adapt.

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Kremláček, Jan. Two Sinusoids. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0100.

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Multiplication of a stationary and moving sinusoids create ambiguous stimulus that, when observed, can result in five alternating perceptions and another physically plausible but hardly traceable interpretation. The most astonishing about this illusion is that using single physical stimulus creates several vivid unambiguous perceptions that may intentionally or spontaneously alternate in observer’s mind. The illusion demonstrates the brain’s active role in acquiring and processing visual information and its ability to construct 3D objects from a 2D motion. To build such visual interpretations

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Walsh, Vincent. A Theory of Magnitude. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.64.

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In this chapter, I review the evidence that has tested A Theory of Magnitude (ATOM) and extend the idea to build a bridge between ATOM and metaphorical theories of time and space perception. There is now substantial evidence to support the idea of common processing mechanisms for time, space, and number, but this is constrained by the evidence largely coming from perceptual or psychophysical studies. The chapter ends by outlining a series of outstanding problems in understanding magnitude representation. Key amongst these problems are the links between sensory and metaphorical processing, the

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