Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Periodic regulation

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Periodic regulation”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 24 maja 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Periodic regulation"

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HELM, DIETER, i NAJMA RAJAH. "Water Regulation: The Periodic Review". Fiscal Studies 15, nr 2 (maj 1994): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1994.tb00198.x.

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Ichikawa, Akira, i Hitoshi Katayama. "Output regulation of periodic systems". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, nr 12 (sierpień 2004): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)31472-6.

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Zhang, Zhen, i Andrea Serrani. "The linear periodic output regulation problem". Systems & Control Letters 55, nr 7 (lipiec 2006): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2005.11.002.

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Ichikawa, A. "Tracking and Regulation of Periodic Systems". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 22, nr 4 (czerwiec 1989): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)53558-2.

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Kastner, Daniel L. "Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes". Hematology 2005, nr 1 (1.01.2005): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2005.1.74.

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Abstract The hereditary periodic fevers are a group of Mendelian disorders characterized by seemingly unprovoked fever and localized inflammation. Recent data indicate that these illnesses represent inborn errors in the regulation of innate immunity. Pyrin, the protein mutated in familial Mediterranean fever, defines an N-terminal domain found in a large family of proteins involved in inflammation and apoptosis. Through this domain pyrin may play a role in the regulation of interleukin (IL)-1β, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and leukocyte apoptosis. Cryopyrin/NALP3, another protein in this family, is mutated in three other hereditary febrile syndromes and participates in the inflammasome, a newly recognized macromolecular complex crucial to IL-1β activation. Somewhat unexpectedly, mutations in the 55 kDa receptor for tumor necrosis factor also give rise to a dominantly inherited periodic fever syndrome, rather than immunodeficiency, a finding that has stimulated important investigations into both pathogenesis and treatment. Finally, the discovery of the genetic basis of the hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome suggests an as yet incompletely understood connection between the mevalonate pathway and the regulation of cytokine production. These insights extend our understanding of the regulation of innate immunity in man, while providing the conceptual basis for the rational design of targeted therapies, both for the hereditary periodic fevers themselves and other inflammatory disorders as well.
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BYATT, IAN. "Water Regulation: The Periodic Review - A Response". Fiscal Studies 15, nr 2 (maj 1994): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1994.tb00199.x.

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Paunonen, L., i S. Pohjolainen. "Periodic output regulation for distributed parameter systems". Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems 24, nr 4 (26.06.2012): 403–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00498-012-0087-x.

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Paunonen, Lassi. "Robust Output Regulation for Continuous-Time Periodic Systems". IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 62, nr 9 (wrzesień 2017): 4363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2017.2654968.

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Liang, Wenwei, Chunhui Zhu, Feng Liu, Weiding Cui, Qing Wang, Zhefeng Chen, Qijia Zhou, Shun Xu, Chenjun Zhai i Weimin Fan. "Integrin β1 Gene Therapy Enhances in Vitro Creation of Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Under Periodic Mechanical Stress". Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 37, nr 4 (2015): 1301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000430253.

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Background/Aims: Periodic mechanical stress activates integrin β1-initiated signal pathways to promote chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis. Integrin β1 overexpression has been demonstrated to play important roles in improving the activities and functions of several non-chondrocytic cell types. Therefore, in the current study, we evaluated the effects of integrin β1 up-regulation on periodic mechanical stress-induced chondrocyte proliferation, matrix synthesis and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in chondrocyte monolayer culture, and evaluated the quality of tissue-engineered cartilage constructed in vitro under periodic mechanical stress combined with integrin β1 up-regulation. Methods and Results: Our results revealed that under periodic mechanical stress, pre-treatment with integrin β1-wild type vector significantly enhanced chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis and promoted ERK1/2 phosphorylation in comparison to mock transfectants. Furthermore, when chondrocytes were seeded in PLGA scaffolds, more accumulated GAG and type II collagen tissue were detected after Lv-integrin β1 transfection compared with sham controls exposed to periodic mechanical stress. In contrast, in the Lv-shRNA-integrin β1 group, the opposite results were observed. Conclusion: Our findings collectively suggest that in addition to periodic mechanical stress, integrin β1 up-regulation in chondrocytes could further improve the quality of tissue-engineered cartilage.
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Giedrewicz-Niewińska, Aneta, i Łukasz Niewiński. "Kryteria oceny okresowej nauczycieli akademickich – wybrane zagadnienia". Radca Prawny, nr 4 (41) (10.02.2025): 57–67. https://doi.org/10.4467/23921943rp.24.040.21192.

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The higher education reform and the associated new regulations keep the issue of periodic evaluation of academic staff relevant. The practice of conducting the first periodic appraisals based on the new regulation also confirms this. For example, doubts may arise about how to apply the principles for evaluating disciplines to the evaluation of academic teachers or heads of departments. The experience of US universities offers valuable insights into these matters. Attention should also focus on the system of academic staff evaluation by students, which raises many practical questions. The current legal regulations for evaluating academic teachers neither improve the state of science nor ensure its development as expected by society. They also fail to guarantee a high level of education for students and doctoral candidates.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Periodic regulation"

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Zhang, Zhen. "Adaptive robust periodic output regulation". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1187118803.

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Özgüç, Özge. "Mechanical and Molecular Regulation of Periodic Cortical Waves of Contraction". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS482.

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Au cours du développement préimplantatoire, l'embryon de mammifère forme le blastocyste, qui est la structure fixant l'embryon dans l'utérus. La formation du blastocyste repose en grande partie sur les forces contractiles générées par le cortex d'actomyosine. Chez la souris, sur des échelles de temps de quelques secondes, nous observons des impulsions de contractions d'actomyosine voyageant périodiquement autour du périmètre cellulaire. Nous appelons ce phénomène vagues de contraction corticale périodique (PeCoWaCo), une manifestation fascinante et mal comprise de la contractilité. Dans cette étude, nous profitons du développement lent de l'embryon de souris pour étudier des milliers d'impulsions de contraction. Nous mettons également à profit la robustesse de ce développement pour explorer les propriétés biophysiques des PeCoWaCo pendant les étapes de clivage précédant la morphogenèse précoce des mammifères.Nous constatons que, lors des étapes de clivage, des mouvements périodiques apparaissent occasionnellement au stade zygote et 2-cellules puis deviennent systématiques après le 2ème cycle de divisions de clivage. Fait intéressant, la période des oscillations diminue progressivement de 200s au stade zygote à 80s au stade 8-cellules. Étant donné que les cellules deviennent de plus en plus petites avec des divisions de clivage successives, la taille des cellules pourrait être un déterminant important dans l'initiation et la régulation des PeCoWaCo. Nous manipulons la taille des cellules sur une large gamme de rayons cellulaires (10-40 µm) en utilisant la fragmentation et la fusion des cellules et constatons que l'initiation, la persistance ou les propriétés des PeCoWaCo ne dépendent pas de la taille des cellules. Après la période des PeCoWaCo, on découvre que les tensions de surface des blastomères diminuent progressivement jusqu'au stade de 8-cellules et que l’assouplissement artificiel des cellules augmente prématurément les PeCoWaCo. Par conséquent, lors des étapes de clivage, l’assouplissement cortical réveille la contractilité zygotique avant la morphogenèse préimplantatoire. En plus, en manipulant la contractilité de l'actomyosine à l'aide de mutants et des drogues, nous avons montré que la période des PeCoWaCo peut être contrôlée par la régulation du taux de polymérisation de l'actine filamenteuse et de l'activité motrice de la myosine.Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats sur les aspects biophysiques et moléculaires du PeCoWaCo nous aident à comprendre comment la contractilité de l'actomyosine s'éveille avant la morphogenèse préimplantatoire et comment elle est régulée au niveau mécanique et moléculaire
During pre-implantation development, the mammalian embryo forms the blastocyst, which is the structure embedding the embryo into the uterus. The shaping of the blastocyst relies in large part on contractile forces generated by the actomyosin cortex. In the mouse, on timescales of seconds, we observe pulses of actomyosin contractions traveling periodically around the cell perimeter. We call this phenomenon periodic cortical waves of contraction (PeCoWaCo), a fascinating and poorly understood manifestation of contractility. In this study, we take advantage of the slow development of the mouse embryo to study thousands of contraction pulses and of the robustness of the mouse embryo to size manipulation to explore the biophysical properties of PeCoWaCo during the cleavage stages preceding early mammalian morphogenesis. We find that, during cleavage stages, periodic movements appear occasionally at the zygote and the 2-cell stage and become systematic after the 2nd round of cleavage divisions. Interestingly, the period of oscillations progressively decreases from 200 s at the zygote stage to 80 s at the 8-cell stage. Since cells becomes successively smaller with successive cleavage divisions, cell size could be an important determinant in the initiation and regulation of PeCoWaCo. We manipulate cell size on a broad range of cell radii (10-40 µm) using fragmentation and fusion of cells and find that the initiation, persistence or properties of PeCoWaCo do not depend on cell size. Following the period of PeCoWaCo, we discover that blastomeres gradually decrease their surface tensions until the 8-cell stage and that artificially softening cells enhances PeCoWaCo prematurely. Therefore, during cleavage stages, cortical softening awakens zygotic contractility before preimplantation morphogenesis. In addition, by manipulating actomyosin contractility using mutants and drugs, we showed that the period of PeCoWaCo can be tuned by F-actin polymerization rate and myosin motor activity. Altogether our results on biophysical and molecular aspects of PeCoWaCo help us understand how actomyosin contractility awakens before preimplantation morphogenesis and how it is regulated both mechanically and molecularly
İmplantasyon öncesi gelişim sırasında, memeli embriyosu, embriyoyu rahim içineyerleştiren yapı olan blastosisti oluşturur. Blastosistin şekillendirilmesi büyük ölçüdeaktomiyozin korteks tarafından oluşturulan kasılma kuvvetlerine dayanır. Farede, saniyelikzaman ölçeklerinde, hücre çevresinde periyodik olarak dolaşan aktomiyozin kasılmalarınındarbeleri gözlemlenebilir. Bu fenomene, kasılmanın büyüleyici ve yeterince anlaşılmamış birtezahürü olan periyodik kortikal kasılma dalgaları (periodic cortical waves of contraction:PeCoWaCo) diyoruz. Bu çalışmada, erken memeli morfogenezinden önceki bölünmeaşamaları sırasında PeCoWaCo'nun biyofiziksel özelliklerini keşfetmek ve binlerce kasılmadarbesini inceleyebilmek için fare embriyosunun yavaş gelişiminden ve fare embriyosununboyut manipülasyonuna dayanıklılığından faydalandık.Bölünme aşamaları sırasında, zigotta ve 2 hücreli aşamada periyodik hareketlerinzaman zaman ortaya çıktığını ve ikinci tur bölünmeden sonra bu hareketlerin sistematik halegeldiğini bulduk. İlginç bir şekilde, salınım periyodunun zigot aşamasında 200 saniyeden, 8hücreli aşamada 80 saniyeye sistematik olarak azaldığını gözlemledik. Hücreler ardışıkbölünmeleriyle sürekli küçüldüğünden, hücre boyutu PeCoWaCo'nun başlatılmasında vedüzenlenmesinde önemli bir belirleyici olabilir. Hücreleri geniş bir hücre yarıçapı aralığında(10-40 μm) küçük parçalara bölerek veya birbirleriyle birleştirerek PeCoWaCo'nunbaşlatılmasının, kalıcılığının veya genel özelliklerinin hücre boyutuna bağlı olmadığını bulduk.PeCoWaCo periyodunu takiben, embriyo hücrelerinin zigottan 8 hücreli aşamaya kadar yüzeygerilimini kademeli olarak azalttığını ve yapay olarak korteksleri yumuşatılan hücrelerinPeCoWaCo'yu zamanından önce geliştirdiğini keşfettik. Bu sonuçlarla bölünme aşamalarısırasında, kortikal yumuşama, ilke implantasyon öncesi morfogenezinden önce zigotikkasılmaları uyandırdığını gösterdik. Ayrıca, genetik mutantlar ve kimyasallar kullanarakaktomiyozin kasılmasını manipüle ederek, PeCoWaCo periyodunun F-aktin polimerizasyonhızı ve miyozin motor aktivitesinin düzenlenmesi ile ayarlanabileceğini gösterdik.Sonuç olarak, PeCoWaCo'nun biyofiziksel ve moleküler yönleriyle ilgili bulgularımız,aktomiyosin kontraktilitesinin implantasyon öncesi morfogenezinden önce nasıl uyandığını,ayrıca hem mekanik hem de moleküler olarak nasıl düzenlendiğini anlamamıza yardımcı olur
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Yuksel, Can Kutlu. "Simultaneous Time-Delay Compensation and Periodic Control". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPAST024.

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Il existe différents scénarios dans lesquels on exige qu'un système fonctionne de manière périodique et, par conséquent, un besoin durable d'avoir un contrôleur capable de répondre à cette demande. On peut dire que l'approche la plus courante pour construire ces contrôleurs est le paradigme de conception du contrôle répétitif. Néanmoins, si les systèmes considérés souffrent de retards temporels et/ou de types particuliers de signaux périodiques, les directives du paradigme du contrôle répétitif peuvent être trop strictes et tirées par les cheveux pour être suivies. La thèse cherche des moyens alternatifs de construire le contrôleur dans le cadre du contrôle par modèle interne et étudie les structures ressemblant à celles du contrôle répétitif mais avec des variables libres différentes pour transférer de manière pratique les idées principales du contrôle périodique aux systèmes à retard temporel. La structure de contrôleur IMC proposée consiste en un inverse sans retard du modèle approximant le système, des filtres passe-bas pour assurer la pertinence du contrôleur et des retards temporels pour façonner la réponse en fréquence de la boucle fermée globale. La première proposition de conception utilise des filtres de troisième ordre et des retards groupés pour réaliser la régulation périodique de systèmes approximés par des modèles de premier ordre avec retard temporel. La motivation derrière cela est de répondre à la demande de flexibilité et de commodité dans les applications industrielles. La deuxième approche de conception considère un filtre construit sur la base des zéros et des pôles souhaités pour la sensibilité en boucle fermée. Un avantage notable de cette approche, contrairement à la première, est que les systèmes d'ordre élevé avec des retards peuvent en outre être traités analytiquement. La dernière conception considère un retard distribué ressemblant étroitement aux structures utilisées pour les contrôleurs répétitifs d'ordre élevé. Néanmoins, une différence notable est que les composants de retard groupés dans le retard distribué ne sont pas nécessairement liés à la période du signal ciblé. L'utilisation du retard fait varier le contrôleur de manière linéaire par rapport à ses paramètres, ce qui, par conséquent, favorise une approche de conception basée sur l'optimisation. Enfin, une théorie préliminaire basée sur la paramétrisation de Youla-Kucera est présentée comme une orientation future pour la recherche. Cette théorie révèle que les contrôleurs répétitifs et les contrôleurs basés sur IMC peuvent être considérés comme une réalisation particulière de la paramétrisation. De plus, ce paramètre montre que les méthodes de conception proposées pour le contrôle périodique peuvent être étendues aux systèmes instables à retard infini de dimension
There are various scenarios where one demands a system to operate in a periodic manner and, therefore, a lasting need to have a controller that can meet this demand. Arguably, the most common approach to construct these controllers is the Repetitive Control design paradigm. Nevertheless, if the considered systems suffer from time-delays and/or particular types of periodic signals, then the guidelines from the repetitive control paradigm may be too strict and far-fetched to follow. The thesis seeks alternative ways of constructing the controller in the Internal Model Control framework and studies the structures resembling that of the repetitive control but with different free-variables to conveniently carry over the main ideas for periodic control to time-delay systems. The proposed IMC controller structure consists of a delay-free inverse of the model approximating the system, low-pass filters to ensure the properness of the controller, and time-delays to shape the frequency response of the overall closed-loop. The first design proposition utilizes third-order filters and lumped delays to achieve the periodic regulation of systems approximated by first-order models with time-delay. The motivation behind this is to meet the demand for flexibility and convenience in industrial applications. The second design approach considers a filter constructed based on the zeros and poles desired for the closed-loop sensitivity. A notable advantage of this approach, in contrast to the first one, is that high-order systems with delays can be additionally addressed analytically. The last design considers a distributed delay closely resembling the structures used for high-order repetitive controllers. Nevertheless, a notable difference is that the lumped delay components within the distributed delay are not necessarily related to the period of the targeted signal. The use of the distributed delay makes the controller vary linearly with respect to its parameters, which, as a consequence, favors an optimization-based design approach. Finally, a preliminary theory based on Youla-Kucera parametrization is presented as a future direction for the research. This theory reveals that repetitive controllers and IMC-based controllers can be viewed as a particular realization of the Youla-Kucera parametrization. Moreover, this parameter shows that the proposed design methods for periodic control can be extended to unstable infinite-dimensional time-delay systems
Existují různé scénáře, kdy je vyžadováno, aby systém fungoval periodickým způsobem, a proto existuje trvalá potřeba mít regulátor, který tuto poptávku dokáže splnit. Pravděpodobně nejběžnějším přístupem ke konstrukci těchto regulátorů je návrhové paradigma opakovaného řízení. Pokud však uvažované systémy trpí časovými zpožděními a/nebo určitými typy periodických signálů, pak mohou být pokyny z paradigmatu opakovaného řízení příliš přísné a přitažené za vlasy, než aby se daly dodržovat. Práce hledá alternativní způsoby konstrukce regulátoru v rámci Internal Model Control a studuje struktury podobné repetitivnímu řízení, ale s různými volnými proměnnými, aby bylo možné pohodlně přenést hlavní myšlenky periodického řízení do systémů s časovým zpožděním. Navrhovaná struktura IMC regulátoru sestává z bezprodlevové inverze k modelu aproximujícího systém, dolních propustí pro zajištění správnosti regulátoru a časových zpoždění pro tvarování frekvenční odezvy celkové uzavřené smyčky. První návrh návrhu využívá filtry třetího řádu a koncentrovaná zpoždění pro dosažení periodické regulace systémů aproximované modely prvního řádu s časovým zpožděním. Motivací je splnit požadavky na flexibilitu a pohodlí v průmyslových aplikacích. Druhý návrhový přístup uvažuje filtr konstruovaný na základě nul a pólů požadovaných pro citlivost v uzavřené smyčce. Významnou výhodou tohoto přístupu, na rozdíl od prvního, je to, že systémy vyššího řádu se zpožděním lze dodatečně řešit analyticky. Poslední návrh uvažuje s distribuovaným zpožděním, které se velmi podobá strukturám používaným pro opakující se regulátory vysokého řádu. Nicméně významný rozdíl je v tom, že koncentrované složky zpoždění v rámci distribuovaného zpoždění nemusí nutně souviset s periodou cíleného signálu. Použití zpoždění způsobí, že regulátor se lineárně rozloží s ohledem na jeho parametry, což v důsledku upřednostňuje přístup návrhu založený na optimalizaci. Nakonec je představena předběžná teorie založená na parametrizaci Youla-Kucera jako budoucí směr výzkumu. Tato teorie odhaluje, že na repetitivní regulátory a regulátory založené na IMC lze pohlížet jako na konkrétní realizaci parametrizace Youla-Kucera. Tento parametr navíc ukazuje, že navrhované metody návrhu pro periodické řízení lze rozšířit na nestabilní systémy s nekonečně velkým časovým zpožděním
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Guan, Yunxiang. "WTO's impact on China's periodical media". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ59173.pdf.

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Crosby, Priya. "Metabolic regulation of circadian timekeeping". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269019.

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Circadian rhythms are self-sustained endogenous biological oscillations with a period of approximately 24 hours. These rhythms are observed widely across kingdoms and at all levels of biological scale. Recent work has shown there to be circadian variation in metabolism, both at the organismal and cellular level. It has also been posited that rhythmic production of metabolites might be essential for maintenance of circadian rhythmicity within cells, even in the absence of nascent transcription. The first portion of this thesis investigates the contribution of primary carbohydrate metabolism to cellular timekeeping, with particular emphasis on the pentose phosphate pathway. I also describe and validate a new 13C labelling technique for accurate determination of the relative flux through early primary metabolic pathways. This is accompanied by the development and optimisation of a microfluidic system for long-term perfused tissue culture, which allows for longitudinal study of metabolic flux within the same population of cells with simultaneous recording of clock gene activity. This perfused system provides several advantages over static tissue culture. The second portion considers the effects of the metabolic hormone insulin on circadian rhythmicity, both at the level of the cell and of the whole organism. It shows that administration of insulin is sufficient to shift the phase of circadian gene expression and elicits induction of clock protein PER2. Strikingly, manipulation of insulin signalling is sufficient to determine all the essential parameters of the cellular clock (phase, period and amplitude) in a dose-dependent but glucose independent fashion. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, a molecular explanation for this effect is determined. This data suggests that insulin is a primary determinant of rhythms in peripheral tissues and is most likely a major signal for circadian entrainment to feeding in mammals, for which I now propose a mechanistic basis.
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Malloy, Jaclyn. "CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL REGULATION OF CIRCADIAN GASTROINTESTINAL RHYTHMS". UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/5.

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Circadian clocks are responsible for daily rhythms in gastrointestinal function which are vital for normal digestive rhythms and health. The present study examines the roles of the circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), and the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of circadian gastrointestinal rhythms in Mus musculus. Surgical ablation of the SCN abolishes circadian locomotor, feeding, and stool output rhythms when animals are presented with food ad libitum, while restricted feeding reestablishes these rhythms temporarily. In intact mice, chemical sympathectomy with 6- hydroxydopamine has no effect on feeding and locomotor rhythmicity, but attenuates stool output rhythms. Again, restricted feeding reestablishes these rhythms. Ex vivo, intestinal tissue from mPer2LUC knockin mice expresses circadian rhythms of luciferase bioluminescence. 6-hydroxydopamine has little effect upon these rhythms, but timed administration of β−adrenergic agonist isoproterenol causes a phase-dependent phase shift in PERIOD2 expression rhythms. Collectively, the data suggest the SCN are required to maintain feeding, locomotor and stool output rhythms during ad libitum conditions, acting at least in part through daily activation of sympathetic activity. Even so, this input is not necessary for entrainment to timed feeding, which may be the province of oscillators within the intestines themselves or other components of the gastrointestinal system.
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Johansson, Stefan. "Tools for Control System Design : Stratification of Matrix Pairs and Periodic Riccati Differential Equation Solvers". Doctoral thesis, Umeå, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9789172647336.

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Baranski, Alicia Michelle. "Regulation of somite myogenesis by cytokines occurs in specific somite regions and during distinct temporal periods /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9244.

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COXAM, DESPREZ VERONIQUE. "Regulation de l'axe somatotrope chez le veau au cours de la periode perinatale. Relations avec la croissance osseuse". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21143.

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Dans l'espece bovine, la periode ftale est caracterisee par une somatotropinemie elevee et par une somatomedinemie et somatostatinemie faibles. A la naissance, se produit un effondrement des concentrations en gh et en osteocalcine. Une augmentation progressive des concentrations plasmatiques en igf#1 et srif est demontree apres la naissance. Nous avons egalement mis en evidence une secretion pulsatile de gh des la fin de gestation. Au cours de la periode postnatale se produit une maturation des systemes de controle hypothalamiques (grf-srif). Chez le nouveau-ne, la privation de lait bloque la secretion pulsatile de gh, declenchee par la prise alimentaire. Chez le jeune veau, la production hepatique d'igf#1 est modulee par les facteurs nutritionnels et principalement par les chylomicrons. Nous avons mis en evidence une participation importante des facteurs endocriniens dans la regulation de la production hepatique d'igf#1. Ainsi la perfusion mesenterique de gh, insuline, pth, stradiol ou testosterone exerce un effet stimulateur important tandis que la calcitonine est inhibitrice. Enfin un traitement a long terme (gh: 27,5 nmoles/kg pv/j) administre bi-quotidiennement du 5eme au 100eme j postnatal a 14 veaux males n'a pas modifie la taille, le poids corporel et la conformation des animaux. Par contre un amincissement des cartilages epiphysaires et une mineraisaton accrue des metacarpiens etait demontree
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DJOUADI, FATIMA. "Etude du developpement du metabolisme oxydatif du tubule renal de rat : regulation nutritionnelle et hormonale au cours de la periode de sevrage". Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077162.

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L'activite de marqueurs enzymatiques mitochondriaux du metabolisme oxydatif caracteristiques du cycle de krebs (fumarase et citrate synthase), de l'oxydation des acides gras (b-hydroxyacylcoa deshydrogenase, b-ohdh) et des corps cetoniques (3-cetoacidecoa transferase) a ete mesuree, a l'aide de microtechniques, dans 6 segments de nephron de rein de rat (g, pct, pst, mtal, dct, imcd) entre 16 jours apres la naissance et le stade adulte. Les resultats obtenus chez l'animal temoin nous ont conduit a etudier de facon plus precise la 3eme semaine de vie postnatale qui correspond chez le rat a la periode de sevrage. Cette periode est caracterisee a la fois par une transition nutritionnelle d'un regime riche en lipides a un regime riche en glucides et par une elevation des concentrations circulantes des hormones surrenaliennes. Nous avons etudie le role eventuel de ces changements nutritionnels sur le developpement des 4 enzymes oxydatives et des changements hormonaux sur le developpement de ces memes enzymes et sur celui de la na-k-atpase. Nous avons montre que l'apport en acides gras par le lait maternel regule le developpement de la b-ohdh dans le pct et que l'augmentation des glucocorticoides circulants au moment du sevrage est impliquee dans la maturation du metabolisme energetique mitochondrial et de la na-k-atpase dans le mta
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Książki na temat "Periodic regulation"

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Wood, Douglas. The effect of first periodic price review on share prices of RECs. Manchester: Manchester Business School, 1995.

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Cooper, Stuart. Regulation - the movie: A semiotic study of the periodic review of UK regulated industry. Birmingham: Aston Business School, Aston University, 1998.

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Clinton), United States President (1993-2001 :. 6-month periodic review of the national emergency declared by Executive Order 12924: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting a continuation of the national emergency declared by Executive Order 12924 of August 19, 1994, to deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States caused by the lapse of the Export Administration Act of 1979 pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1703(c). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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Clinton), United States President (1993-2001 :. 6-month periodic review of the national emergency declared by Executive Order 12924: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting a continuation of the national emergency declared by Executive Order 12924 of August 19, 1994, to deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States caused by the lapse of the Export Administration Act of 1979 pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1703(c). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). 6-month periodic review of the national emergency declared by Executive Order 12924: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting a continuation of the national emergency declared by Executive Order 12924 of August 19, 1994, to deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States caused by the lapse of the Export Administration Act of 1979 pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1703(c). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). 6-month periodic review of the national emergency declared by Executive Order 12924: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting a continuation of the national emergency declared by Executive Order 12924 of August 19, 1994, to deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States caused by the lapse of the Export Administration Act of 1979 pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1703(c). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). 6-month periodic review of the national emergency declared by Executive Order 12924: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting a continuation of the national emergency declared by Executive Order 12924 of August 19, 1994, to deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States caused by the lapse of the Export Administration Act of 1979 pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1703(c). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). 6-month periodic review of the national emergency declared by Executive Order 12924: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting a continuation of the national emergency declared by Executive Order 12924 of August 19, 1994, to deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States caused by the lapse of the Export Administration Act of 1979 pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1703(c). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Developments concerning the national emergency with respect to the lapse of the Export Administration Act of 1979: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting a 6-month periodic report on the national emergency declared by executive order 12924 of August 19, 1994, to deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States caused by the lapse of the Export Administration Act of 1979, pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1641(c). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities., red. The Periodic safety review of nuclear power plants: Practices in OECD countries. Paris: Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1992.

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Części książek na temat "Periodic regulation"

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Politi, Antonio, i Thomas Höfer. "Modelling of Periodic Intercellular Ca2+ Waves". W Function and Regulation of Cellular Systems, 99–110. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7895-1_10.

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Paunonen, Lassi. "On Robust Output Regulation for Continuous-Time Periodic Systems". W 2015 Proceedings of the Conference on Control and its Applications, 47–53. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611974072.7.

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Paunonen, Lassi. "The Infinite-dimensional Sylvester Differential Equation and Periodic Output Regulation". W Spectral Theory, Mathematical System Theory, Evolution Equations, Differential and Difference Equations, 515–31. Basel: Springer Basel, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0297-0_31.

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Stopar, David, i Tina Ivancic. "Cold shock cspA Protein Production During Periodic Temperature Cycling inEscherichia Coli". W Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria, 854–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119004813.ch83.

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Arici, Hasan, i Volkan Ecesoy. "Role of Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests in Diabetes Mellitus". W Current Multidisciplinary Approach to Diabetes Mellitus Occurrence Mechanism, 57–65. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359104.6.

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The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) serves as a pivotal diagnostic tool and a measure of glucose metabolism dynamics in diabetes mellitus (DM). In clinical settings, the OGTT involves administering a standardized glucose solution to the patient after an overnight fast, followed by periodic measurements of blood glucose levels over several hours. This test is instrumental in diagnosing impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus by evaluating how effectively the body processes glucose. Diagnostic thresholds are established based on plasma glucose levels measured at specific time points during the test, with criteria including a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥126 mg/dL or a 2-hour plasma glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL following the glucose load indicating diabetes mellitus. Beyond diagnosis, the OGTT provides insights into glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, identifying early abnormalities in glucose regulation that may precede the onset of type 2 diabetes. It also aids in monitoring responses to therapeutic interventions aimed at improving glycemic control and managing diabetes-related complications. Despite its diagnostic value, the OGTT requires meticulous preparation, including fasting and multiple blood samples, which can be challenging for patients and healthcare providers alike. Alternative diagnostic methods such as the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test offer convenience but may not capture dynamic changes in glucose metabolism observed with OGTT. Therefore, the OGTT remains a cornerstone in clinical practice for assessing glucose tolerance, guiding treatment decisions, and enhancing the management of diabetes mellitus.
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Da Prato, G. "Some remarks on the periodic linear quadratic regulator problem". W Modelling and Inverse Problems of Control for Distributed Parameter Systems, 43–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0044482.

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Qu, Zelong, Jianfeng Li i Guofu Yang. "Comparison of Ecological Value Before and After the Construction of Hydraulic Engineering Projects: A Case Study of Lianhu Reservoir". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 462–75. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9184-2_38.

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AbstractHydraulic engineering projects provide essential functions and services, including flood regulation, hydroelectric power generation, and agricultural irrigation. Additionally, they offer benefits such as navigation, water purification, recreational opportunities, and biodiversity maintenance for upstream and downstream regions. To comprehensively describe the overall functioning of hydraulic engineering as an ecosystem, evaluate its contributions to human well-being, assess its support for economic and social development, and understand its ecological linkages across regions, it is essential to scientifically account for the comprehensive benefits of these projects. This study uses the Lianhu Reservoir in Lishui, Zhejiang Province, as a case study to assess the Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) before and after the construction of the hydraulic engineering project. The results show that before the construction of the Lianhu Reservoir (in 2021), the total GEP within the construction area was 206 million yuan. The value of regulating services was 197 million yuan, accounting for 95.6% of the total GEP, with climate regulation and flood control contributing 175 million yuan and 21 million yuan, respectively. The value of provisioning services was 9.06 million yuan, accounting for 4.4% of the total GEP. After the construction of the Lianhu Reservoir, the total GEP within the construction area increased to 1.42 billion yuan. The value of regulating services was 781 million yuan, accounting for 55.0% of the total GEP, with flood control and climate regulation contributing 480 million yuan and 297 million yuan, respectively. The value of cultural services was 498 million yuan, accounting for 35.1% of the total GEP, while the value of provisioning services was 141 million yuan, accounting for 9.9% of the total GEP. The results indicate that compared to the pre-construction period, the GEP after the construction of the Lianhu Reservoir increased by 1.21 billion yuan, representing a 588% increase. Except for the services of agricultural product supply, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, and air purification, all other service items were enhanced.
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Ge, Mengyan. "Assessing the Impact of Dongzhuang Water Conservancy Hub on Vegetation Ecological Distribution Based on Numerical Simulation and Machine Learning". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 380–88. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9184-2_33.

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AbstractThe current assessment of the ecological benefit of reservoirs commonly lacks quantitative calculation of actual ecological distribution. The spatial distribution prediction of vegetation growth generally requires the concurrent application of multiple numerical models, which are complicated and involve numerous parameters. This research comprehensively utilized a surface hydrodynamics numerical model and machine learning method to construct a flow-based vegetation growth prediction model. The ecological impact during the storage period and regulation period after the completion of the Dongzhuang Water Conservancy Hub was calculated and analyzed. The results indicate that the regulation period after the construction of the reservoir has a minor impact on vegetation growth in comparison to pre-construction flow conditions in the normal flow years. The limited extent and magnitude of regional NDVI decline induced by the reservoir storage period will gradually recover after the beginning of reservoir regulation. The formulated vegetation growth prediction model can reflect the relevant influence processes on NDVI to a certain extent and alleviate the complexity of prediction.
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Díaz-Parra, Ibán, i María Barrero-Rescalvo. "Neoliberalism, Collaborative Economy, and Short-Term Rentals Regulation in Andalusia, Spain". W Urban Dynamics in the Post-pandemic Period, 81–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36017-6_6.

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Ichikawa, A. "TRACKING AND REGULATION OF PERIODIC SYSTEMS". W Control of Distributed Parameter Systems 1989, 283–88. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-037036-1.50054-9.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Periodic regulation"

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Chen, Yongtao, Xiaoju Li, Mincai Yang, Xiao Zhang, Xingyu Lei i Xiaobing Zhang. "Frequency Regulation Capacity Demand Prediction Method Considering Extreme Fluctuations During Scheduling Periods". W 2024 3rd Asian Conference on Frontiers of Power and Energy (ACFPE), 165–69. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/acfpe63443.2024.10800865.

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Zhang, Zhen, i Andrea Serrani. "Robust Regulation with Adaptive Periodic Internal Models". W Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2006.376686.

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Zhang, Zhen, i Andrea Serrani. "Further Results on Adaptive Robust Periodic Regulation". W 2007 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2007.4282647.

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"Computation and tracing of periodic solutions of Marchuk–Petrov model". W Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/Systems Biology (BGRS/SB-2022) :. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2022-116.

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Psiaki, Mark. "Magnetic torquer attitude control via asymptotic periodic linear quadratic regulation". W AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4043.

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Stol, K., i M. Balas. "Periodic disturbance accommodating control for speed regulation of wind turbines". W 2002 ASME Wind Energy Symposium. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-53.

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Dewell, Larry, i Jason Speyer. "Fuel-optimal periodic control and regulation in constrained hypersonic flight". W Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3902.

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Astolfi, Daniele, Laurent Praly i Lorenzo Marconi. "Approximate regulation for nonlinear systems in presence of periodic disturbances". W 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2015.7403431.

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Stol, Karl, i Mark Balas. "Periodic Disturbance Accommodating Control for Speed Regulation of Wind Turbines". W ASME 2002 Wind Energy Symposium. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wind2002-53.

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Performance of a model-based periodic gain controller is presented using Disturbance Accommodating Control (DAC) techniques to estimate fluctuating wind disturbances. Operation is restricted to speed regulation using Independent Blade pitch Control (IBC) and by measuring only rotor angle and speed. The modeled turbine is a free-yaw, two-bladed, teetered rotor machine with simple blade and tower flexibility — 6 discrete degrees of freedom. A comparison is made to a time-invariant DAC controller, constructed by various approaches. Results indicate that the two controllers perform nearly identically, despite the inherent periodic dynamics in the system. The best time-invariant state estimator model was designed by freezing the periodic plant at a specified rotor azimuth position.
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LIN, Ting-ting, Jian-ying HU, Zhi-wei ZHU, Yuan JIN i Jian-ke DU. "Wave Propagation And Regulation In Periodic Structure Based On 4D-Printing". W 2019 13th Symposium on Piezoelectrcity, Acoustic Waves and Device Applications (SPAWDA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spawda.2019.8681783.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Periodic regulation"

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McCarthy, James, Jeffrey Panek i Tom McGrath. PR-312-12206-R02 FTIR Formaldehyde Measurement at Turbine NESHAP and Ambient Levels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), kwiecień 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011476.

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When natural gas is combusted, formaldehyde is formed as an intermediate product as methane is converted to CO2 during combustion. Formaldehyde is regulated by the U.S. EPA as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) under National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) regulations, and both turbines and reciprocating engines are listed source categories where EPA is required to develop regulations. NESHAPs have been adopted for natural gas-fired combustion turbines and reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICE), with initial regulations in 2004 that included a 91 parts per billion (ppb) standard for new turbines at "major source" facilities. However, the Turbine NESHAP was "stayed" by EPA as the agency considered whether natural gas-fired turbines should be regulated (i.e., whether those turbines would be "delisted" or removed from the rule). In response to a legal challenge regarding EPA's failure to meet Clean Air Act mandated schedules, EPA recently indicated that it plans to initiate a required periodic review of the Turbine NESHAP and that review will also address the delisting request. The "residual risk and technology review" (RTR) for the Turbine NESHAP will likely be conducted in 2018. Revisions to the regulation may be proposed when that review process is complete. Formaldehyde is ubiquitous (e.g., naturally formed through atmospheric chemistry even if not directly emitted), and there is also the potential that atmospheric levels and atmospheric chemistry are not adequately understood. Earlier pipeline industry testing of turbine formaldehyde emissions using refined methods indicated exhaust formaldehyde below 100 ppb and near the method detection limit. Anecdotal data from that test program showed ambient levels comparable to turbine exhaust in some cases, with naturally occurring emissions from an adjacent corn field resulting in ambient concentrations higher than formaldehyde exhaust levels. Evidence of "high" ambient formaldehyde levels (relative to turbine exhaust) may provide context and a counterargument to restrictive formaldehyde regulations. Understanding turbine formaldehyde emissions as compared to ambient levels is challenged by the ability to measure formaldehyde concentrations less than 100 parts per billion (ppb). Extractive Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) methods were developed for combustion exhaust formaldehyde measurement. However, measuring the ultra-low levels from turbines, commensurate with the NESHAP standard, will likely pose challenges. This project measured ambient formaldehyde levels using FTIR testing for comparison to the NESHAP standard. Significant challenges for conducting such measurements are apparent, which presents technical questions related to the feasibility of implementing emissions tests for the Turbine NESHAP standard.
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Mora-Sanguinetti, Juan S., i Andrés Atienza-Maeso. “Green regulation”: a quantification of regulations related to renewable energy, sustainable transport, pollution and energy efficiency between 2000 and 2022. Madrid: Banco de España, grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/35594.

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The achievement of an environmentally sustainable growth model, the development of renewable energies or the adoption of energy efficiency measures are nowadays fundamental issues in economic analysis and are a substantial part of the public debate. However, while there may be an increased social awareness of these issues, a different question is at what pace these social concerns have been translated into regulation, fostering or hindering the development of new markets or “green” technologies. This paper proposes a rigorous empirical study identifying and quantifying, through text analysis, all regulations related to four different subject blocks associated with “green growth” (renewable energies, sustainable transportation, pollution and energy efficiency), issued by Spanish national or regional governments over the period 2000-2022. This research thus constructs a database in panel data format. Among other results, we identify 3,482 regulations related to renewable energies, 783 regulations dealing with sustainable transportation, 108 on pollution management and 5,116 related to the measurement (and management) of energy efficiency. The results show that regulation is diverse by subject matter, reflects significant regional diversity and has increased over time, especially in more recent years, after a certain standstill during the Great Recession. This database could help develop future research projects on the impacts of “green” regulation on certain economic or institutional variables (such as “green” innovation or environmental conflict). The paper concludes with a comparison of renewable energy regulation in France and Spain, also based on text analysis. Spain shows a higher and more disaggregated volume of regulation.
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Chong, Alberto E., César Calderón i Rodrigo Valdés. Labor Market Regulations and Income Inequality: Evidence for a Panel of Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, październik 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010833.

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This paper presents evidence on the impact of labor regulations on income inequality using two recently published databases on labor institutions and outcomes (Rama and Artecona, 2002; Botero, Djankov, La Porta, López-de-Silanes and Shleifer, 2003) and different cross-section and panel data analysis techniques for a sample of 121 countries over the 1970-2000 period. When we consider the techniques most likely to be robust, we find that: (i) de jure regulations do not improve income distribution; (ii) relative compliance with existing regulations improves income distribution; (iii) de facto regulations are weakly associated with improving income inequality. This result partly reflects the fact that regulations are endogenous and, more interestingly, different regulations have quite distinct effects. In particular, we find that any redistributive effect of labor regulations may come from trade union membership, public employment and mandated benefits (proxied by maternity leave).
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Schiffbauer, Marc, Philip Keefer i Ishac Diwan. Pyramid Capitalism: Cronyism, Regulation, and Firm Productivity in Egypt. Inter-American Development Bank, październik 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011766.

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Using a large, original database of 385 politically connected firms under the Mubarak regime in Egypt, we document for the first time the negative impact of cronyism on economic growth. In the early 2000s, a policy shift in Egypt led to the expansion of crony activities into new, previously unconnected sectors. 4-digit sectors that experienced crony entry between 1996 and 2006 experienced lower aggregate employment growth during the period than those that did not. A wide array of supporting evidence indicates that this effect was causal, reflecting the mechanisms described in Aghion et al. (2001), and not due to selection. Crony entry skewed the distribution of employment toward smaller, less productive firms; crony firms did not enter into sectors that would have also grown more slowly even in the absence of crony entry; and they enjoyed multiple regulatory and fiscal privileges that reduced competition and investments by non-crony firms, including trade protection, energy subsidies, access to land, and favorable regulatory enforcement. Moreover, energy subsidies and trade protection account for the higher profits of politically connected firms.
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Samet, Andrew. Labor Provisions in the U.S Free Trade Agreements: Case Study of México, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, styczeń 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008420.

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This document is divided into two components. First, it provides a comparison of the obligations contained under these four agreements and presents the evolution in the language and commitments in them for the 15 year period between 1993 and 2008 during which they were negotiated. Second, it reviews the developments in each country during the relevant period with regard to changes in labor laws and regulations, and also in the strengthening of labor institutions 2 relevant for labor law enforcement, specifically the ministries of labor and the labor justice systems. This document cannot assess whether the negotiation or implementation of labor chapters in free trade agreements were the cause for any changes made within a country; the document can only report the changes made with regard to the labor framework of a country during the process of negotiations and the subsequent periods during which the agreements have been in place.
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Meidan, Rina, i Robert Milvae. Regulation of Bovine Corpus Luteum Function. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604935.bard.

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The main goal of this research plan was to elucidate regulatory mechanisms controlling the development, function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). The CL contains two different sterodigenic cell types and therefore it was necessary to obtain pure cell population. A system was developed in which granulosa and theca interna cells, isolated from a preovulatory follicle, acquired characteristics typical of large (LL) and small (SL) luteal cells, respectively, as judged by several biochemical and morphological criteria. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of granulosa cells removal on subsequent CL function, the results obtained support the concept that granulosa cells make a substaintial contribution to the output of progesterone by the cyclic CL but may have a limited role in determining the functional lifespan of the CL. This experimental model was also used to better understand the contribution of follicular granulosa cells to subsequent luteal SCC mRNA expression. The mitochondrial cytochrome side-chain cleavage enzyme (SCC), which converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the steroidogenic pathway. Experiments were conducted to characterize the gene expression of P450scc in bovine CL. Levels of P450scc mRNA were higher during mid-luteal phase than in either the early or late luteal phases. PGF 2a injection decreased luteal P450scc mRNA in a time-dependent manner; levels were significantly reduced by 2h after treatment. CLs obtained from heifers on day 8 of the estrous cycle which had granulosa cells removed had a 45% reduction in the levels of mRNA for SCC enzymes as well as a 78% reduction in the numbers of LL cells. To characterize SCC expression in each steroidogenic cell type we utilized pure cell populations. Upon luteinization, LL expressed 2-3 fold higher amounts of both SCC enzymes mRNAs than SL. Moreover, eight days after stimulant removal, LL retained their P4 production capacity, expressed P450scc mRNA and contained this protein. In our attempts to establish the in vitro luteinization model, we had to select the prevulatory and pre-gonadotropin surge follicles. The ratio of estradiol:P4 which is often used was unreliable since P4 levels are high in atretic follicles and also in preovulatory post-gonadotropin follicles. We have therefore examined whether oxytocin (OT) levels in follicular fluids could enhance our ability to correctly and easily define follicular status. Based on E2 and OT concentrations in follicular fluids we could more accurately identify follicles that are preovulatory and post gonadotropin surge. Next we studied OT biosynthesis in granulosa cells, cells which were incubated with forskolin contained stores of the precursor indicating that forskolin (which mimics gonadotropin action) is an effective stimulator of OT biosynthesis and release. While studying in vitro luteinization, we noticed that IGF-I induced effects were not identical to those induced by insulin despite the fact that megadoses of insulin were used. This was the first indication that the cells may secrete IGF binding protein(s) which regonize IGFs and not insulin. In a detailed study involving several techniques, we characterized the species of IGF binding proteins secreted by luteal cells. The effects of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids and arachidonic acid on the production of P4 and prostanoids by dispersed bovine luteal cells was examined. The addition of eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in basal and LH-stimulated biosynthesis of P4 and PGI2 and an increase in production of PGF 2a and 5-HETE production. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism via the production of 5-HETE was unaffected. Results of these experiments suggest that the inhibitory effect of arachidonic acid on the biosynthesis of luteal P4 is due to either a direct action of arachidonic acid, or its conversion to 5-HETE via the lipoxgenase pathway of metabolism. The detailed and important information gained by the two labs elucidated the mode of action of factors crucially important to the function of the bovine CL. The data indicate that follicular granulosa cells make a major contribution to numbers of large luteal cells, OT and basal P4 production, as well as the content of cytochrome P450 scc. Granulosa-derived large luteal cells have distinct features: when luteinized, the cell no longer possesses LH receptors, its cAMP response is diminished yet P4 synthesis is sustained. This may imply that maintenance of P4 (even in the absence of a Luteotropic signal) during critical periods such as pregnancy recognition, is dependent on the proper luteinization and function of the large luteal cell.
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Bloch, G., i H. S. Woodard. regulation of size related division of labor in a key pollinator and its impact on crop pollination efficacy. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134168.bard.

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Despite the rapid increase in reliance on bumble bees for food production and security, there are many critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of bumble bee biology that limit their colony production, commercial management, and pollination services. Our project focuses on the social, endocrine, and molecular processes regulating body size in the two bumble bee species most important to agriculture: Bombus terrestris in Israel, and B. impatiens in the USA. Variation in body size underline both caste (queen/worker) differentiation and division of labor among workers (foragers are typically larger than nest bees), two hallmarks of insect sociality which are also crucial for the commercial rearing and crop pollination services of bumble bees. Our project has generated several fundamental new insights into the biology of bumble bees, which can be integrated into science-based management strategies for commercial pollination. Using transcriptomic and behavioral approaches we show that in spite of high flexibility, task performance (brood care or foraging) in bumble bee colonies is associated with physiological variation and differential brain gene expression and RNA editing patterns. We further showed that interactions between the brood, the queen, and the workers determine the developmental program of the larva. We identified two important periods. The first is a critical period during the first few days after hatching. Larvae fed by queens during this period develop over less days, are not likely to develop into gynes, and commonly reach a smaller ultimate body size compared to workers reared mostly or solely by workers. The facial exocrine (mandibular and hypopharangeal) glands are involved in this queen effect on larva development. The second period is important for determining the ultimate body size which is positively regulated by the number of tending workers. The presence of the queen during this stage has little, if at all, influence. We further show that stressors such as agrochemicals that interfere with foraging or brood care specific processes can compromise bumble bee colony development and their pollination performance. We also developed new technology (an RFID system) for automated collection of foraging trip data, for future deployment in agroecosystems. In spite of many similarities, our findings suggest important differences between the Eurasian model species (B. terrestris) and the North American model species (B. impatiens) that impact how management strategies translate across the two species. For example, there is a similar influence of the queen on offspring body size in both species, but this effect does not appear to be mediated by development time in B. impatiens as it is in B. terrestris. Taken together, our collaboration highlights the power of comparative work, to show that considerable differences that exist between these two key pollinator species, and in the organization of young bumble bee nests (wherein queens provide the majority of care and then transition away from brood care) relative to later stages of nest development.
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Montenegro, Claudio E., i Carmen Pagés. Who Benefits from Labor Market Regulations?: Chile 1960-1998. Inter-American Development Bank, sierpień 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010729.

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Economists have examined the impact of labor market regulations on the level of employment. However, there are many reasons to suspect that the impact of regulations differs across types of workers. In this paper we take advantage of the unusually large variance in labor policy in Chile to examine how different labor market regulations affect the distribution of employment and the employment rates across age, gender and skill levels. To this effect, we use a sample of repeated cross-section household surveys spanning the period 1960-1998 and measures of the evolution of job security provisions and minimum wages across time. Our results suggest large distribution effects. We find that employment security provisions and minimum wages reduce the share of youth and unskilled employment as well as their employment rates. We also find large effects on the distribution of employment between women and men.
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González, Pablo, Andrés E. Fernández-Vergara, Gemma Rojas i Luis Vilugrón. The Political Economy of Regulation: Chile’s Educational Reforms since the Return of Democracy. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2023/pe12.

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This paper analyses three key political economy issues in Chile after the return of democracy in 1990: the prioritisation of learning; teacher's career and evaluation (intimately linked in the case of Chile); and quality assurance. The first issue is divided in turn in two subtopics: the identification of learning as the key educational policy objective and whether educational quality is made a priority by the government. The findings suggest a longstanding and sustained effort of successive approximations to better solutions that address the technical limitations and political restrictions that shaped reforms and policies, in a complicated path dependent process that will be analysed throughout this paper. All three issues are addressed in 26 interviews with key actors, the relevant legislation histories' as well as a national database of written media in the period 2007-2018, with special focus in the time span of legislative discussion of relevant initiatives.
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Buitrago García, Hilda Clarena. The Ins and Outs of Colombian Higher Education System. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, kwiecień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gclc.37.

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In this critical reading, the importance of learning about some aspects related to the history, evolution, regulations, achievements, and challenges of higher education in Colombia is raised. This knowledge is especially relevant for tertiary education teachers. With this purpose in mind, the beginnings of such an educational system in the colonial period, as well as the transformations and milestones reached during the various historical, political, and economic changes that our country has had, are described. A description of the current state of tertiary education in Colombia is also offered through statistical data. Additionally, the laws, decrees, and resolutions that make up the legal framework, as well as the governmental bodies in charge of regulating its operation and guaranteeing the quality of the programs, are explained. It also examines the role that icts have in innovation processes and the changes and legislation that have arisen because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is concluded that, despite its evident evolution, Colombian higher education still faces challenges that require the proposal of pedagogical, technological, and political measures that adjust to the needs of all the agents involved.
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