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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Permanent-magnet mac":
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Rocha, Luciana S., Érika M. L. Sousa, María V. Gil, João A. B. P. Oliveira, Marta Otero, Valdemar I. Esteves i Vânia Calisto. "Producing Magnetic Nanocomposites from Paper Sludge for the Adsorptive Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water—A Fractional Factorial Design". Nanomaterials 11, nr 2 (22.01.2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020287.
Streszczenie:
In view of a simple after-use separation, the potentiality of producing magnetic activated carbon (MAC) by intercalation of ferromagnetic metal oxide nanoparticles in the framework of a powder activated carbon (PAC) produced from primary paper sludge was explored in this work. The synthesis conditions to produce cost effective and efficient MACs for the adsorptive removal of pharmaceuticals (amoxicillin, carbamazepine, and diclofenac) from aqueous media were evaluated. For this purpose, a fractional factorial design (FFD) was applied to assess the effect of the most significant variables (Fe3+ to Fe2+ salts ratio, PAC to iron salts ratio, temperature, and pH), on the following responses concerning the resulting MACs: Specific surface area (SBET), saturation magnetization (Ms), and adsorption percentage of amoxicillin, carbamazepine, and diclofenac. The statistical analysis revealed that the PAC to iron salts mass ratio was the main factor affecting the considered responses. A quadratic linear regression model A = f(SBET, Ms) was adjusted to the FFD data, allowing to differentiate four of the eighteen MACs produced. These MACs were distinguished by being easily recovered from aqueous phase using a permanent magnet (Ms of 22–27 emu g−1), and their high SBET (741–795 m2 g−1) were responsible for individual adsorption percentages ranging between 61% and 84% using small MAC doses (35 mg L−1).
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Shen, Chen, Qiang Gao, Nuno M. Fortunato, Harish K. Singh, Ingo Opahle, Oliver Gutfleisch i Hongbin Zhang. "Designing of magnetic MAB phases for energy applications". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, nr 13 (2021): 8805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta11026d.
Streszczenie:
Based on high-throughput density functional theory calculations, we performed screening for stable magnetic MAB compounds and predicted potential strong magnets for permanent magnet and magnetocaloric applications.
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Kuz’menko, A. A. "Robust Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor: Synergetic Approach". Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 21, nr 8 (5.08.2020): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.21.480-488.
Streszczenie:
Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in practice due to its high-energy efficiency, compactness, reliability and high regulation performance. When controlling a PMSM rotor speed, the main control principle is the principle of cascade control with PI-regulators, which includes an external control loop for speed and two internal loops for stator currents along the (d, q)-axes. There are attempts to eliminate the disadvantages of this principle using for the control laws synthesis of modern methods of nonlinear control such methods as linearization feedback, backstepping, predictive control, sliding mode control, methods of robust and adaptive control, fuzzy and neural network control, a combination of these methods etc. However, in most cases, the use of these methods are intended to by means of an appropriate method to synthesize a static or dynamic set points for the standard PI-controllers of rotor speed and currents. In this paper we propose to consider two approaches of synergetic control theory (SCT) to construct a robust control law of PMSM: a sliding mode control laws design by the SCT method with subsequent invariant manifolds aggregation and the principle of integral adaptation (PIA). These approaches implement vector control and are not guided by the standard structure of the principle of cascade regulation of PMSM. The proposed approaches simplify the stability analysis of the closed-loop system: stability conditions consist of stability conditions of functional equations of SCT and the stability conditions for finish decomposed system, which the dimension is substantially less than the dimension of the original system. From the results of the comparisons of synthesized the PMSM robust control laws, we can say that more preferable laws synthesized in accordance with the PIA. The theoretical positions of this paper are illustrated by the results of modeling, which are showing the fulfillment of the control tasks: the achievement of targets, robustness to the change of the PMSM load moment.
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Bobtsov, A. A., N. A. Nikolaev, A. A. Pyrkin, O. V. Slita i Ye S. Titova. "Rotor Position, Speed and Flux Observers for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors". MEHATRONIKA, AVTOMATIZACIA, UPRAVLENIE 19, nr 2 (8.02.2018): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.19.75-79.
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1. Pyrkin, A. A., A. A. Bobtsov, A. A. Vedyakov, D. N. Bazylev i M. M. Sinetova. "Adaptive Flux Observer for Nonsalient PMSM with Noised Measurements of the Current and Voltage". Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 20, nr 4 (10.04.2019): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.20.215-218.
Streszczenie:
An algorithm of adaptive estimation of the magnetic flux for the non-salient permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for the case when measurable electrical signals are corrupted by a constant offset is presented. A new nonlinear parameterization of the electric drive model based on dynamical regressor extension and mixing (DREM) procedure is proposed. Due to this parameterization the problem of flux estimation is translated to the auxiliary task of identification of unknown constant parameters related to measurement errors. It is proved that the flux observer provides global exponential convergence of estimation errors to zero if the corresponding regression function satisfies the persistent excitation condition. Also, the observer provides global asymptotic convergence if the regression function is square integrable. In comparison with known analogues this paper gives a constructive way of the flux reconstruction for a nonsalient PMSM with guaranteed performance (monotonicity, convergence rate regulation) and, from other hand, a straightforwardly easy implementation of the proposed observer to embedded systems.
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Selyutskiy, Y. D. "On the Regulation of Oscillations of a Galloping-Based Wind Power Harvesting System". Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 24, nr 1 (12.01.2023): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.24.46-56.
Streszczenie:
Currently, various possibilities for obtaining energy from renewable sources, in particular, flows of water or wind, are intensively investigated. The most widely used wind power harvesters are those where the working element rotates (a propeller or a vertical axis turbine, such as a Darrieus or Savonius rotor). However, the possibility of using the flow-induced oscillations of elastic structures in order to generate energy is now actively considered. One of the types of such oscillations is galloping, i.e. vibrations of bluff bodies in the direction perpendicular to the incident flow. The occurrence of galloping is due to the fact that aerodynamic forces acting on a bluff body, under certain conditions, create a negative damping. In this paper, we consider a mechanical system consisting of three bodies that can move in a direction perpendicular to the flow. One of these bodies is a square prism, and the other two are material points. The bodies are connected in series with each other and with a fixed support by linear elastic springs. A permanent magnet is rigidly connected to the prism. This magnet moves inside an induction coil. As a result, an electric current is generated in the electrical circuit connected to the coil. For such installations, on the one hand, it is required that galloping occurs at the lowest possible flow speed. On the other hand, at high flow speeds, it is necessary to reduce the amplitude of oscillations so that the device would not be damaged. The influence of the system parameters (in particular, the spring stiffness coefficients) on the stability of the equilibrium and on the characteristics of periodic solutions is studied. It is shown that by changing the stiffness of the springs, it is possible to significantly expand the range of flow speeds where the galloping occurs. The amplitudes of oscillations of bodies increase as the flow speed grows. In order to increase the limit flow speed, at which the amplitudes of oscillations start exceeding the maximum permissible value, a regulating algorithm is proposed. Within the framework of this algorithm, the displacement of one of mass points with respect to the prism is locked/unlocked depending on the current flow speed.
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Sahinkaya, Alican, Larry Hawkins i Jerzy T. Sawicki. "Computational Cost Reduction of MIMO Controllers for Active Magnetic Bearing Systems". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 142, nr 11 (15.10.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4048486.
Streszczenie:
Abstract Generalized multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) controllers such as H∞ and μ have not been widely adopted in the magnetic bearing industry, partially due to high computational cost relative to simpler single-input-single-output schemes. Computational cost is important to industrial magnetic bearing vendors as their controller hardware is based on embedded processors that have limited bandwidth. Studies to mitigate the problem of high-order controllers show the limit of the existing methods in order reduction while still maintaining satisfying robust performance. A novel method is proposed to reduce the computational cost of robust controllers by identifying bounds in their dynamic response, such that an implementation of a controller within those bounds results in the robust performance. The bounds are used to develop two computational cost reduction schemes for controller implementation, i.e., (1) identifying a dual-rate implementation of a single-rate controller which uniformly reduces the computational cost via interlacing technique, and (2) redesign of a controller by identifying its negligible dynamics based on the identified bounds in the controllers' dynamic response. The results of both approaches are demonstrated on two active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems, a model of a 300 kW turbine generator with permanent magnet biased AMBs, and an experimental high-speed AMB machining spindle. μ-synthesis controllers are designed for both systems, and the proposed method and schemes are applied accordingly. The comparison of standard implementations of the synthesized controllers and the proposed new implementations is presented. The results demonstrate considerable reduction in the computational cost in terms of required number of multiply accumulate (MAC) operations.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Permanent-magnet mac":
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Larsson, Martin. "Electric Motors for Vehicle Propulsion". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103907.
Streszczenie:
This work is intended to contribute with knowledge to the area of electic motorsfor propulsion in the vehicle industry. This is done by first studying the differentelectric motors available, the motors suitable for vehicle propulsion are then dividedinto four different types to be studied separately. These four types are thedirect current, induction, permanent magnet and switched reluctance motors. Thedesign and construction are then studied to understand how the different typesdiffer from each other and which differences that are of importance when it comesto vehicle propulsion. Since the amount of available data about different electricmotors turned out to be small a tool was developed to use for collecting data fromthe sources available which can be for instance product sheets or articles with informationabout electric motors. This tool was then used to collect data that wasused to create models for the different motor types. The created motor models foreach motor type could then be used for simulating vehicles to investigate how thespecific motor is suited for different vehicles and applications. The work also containsa summary of different electric motor comparison studies which makes it agood source of information during motor type selection in the process of designingan electric vehicle.
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PESCETTO, PAOLO. "Sensorless Commissioning and Control of High Anisotropy Synchronous Motor Drives". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2730183.
Książki na temat "Permanent-magnet mac":
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Vaez-Zadeh, Sadegh. Predictive, Deadbeat, and Combined Controls. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198742968.003.0005.
Streszczenie:
In this chapter, three control methods recently developed for or applied to electric motors in general and to permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motors, in particular, are presented. The methods include model predictive control (MPC), deadbeat control (DBC), and combined vector and direct torque control (CC). The fundamental principles of the methods are explained, the machine models appropriate to the methods are derived, and the control systems are explained. The PMS motor performances under the control systems are also investigated. It is elaborated that MPC is capable of controlling the motor under an optimal performance according to a defined objective function. DBC, on the other hand, provides a very fast response in a single operating cycle. Finally, combined control produces motor dynamics faster than one under VC, with a smoother performance than the one under DTC.
Części książek na temat "Permanent-magnet mac":
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Kennel, Charles F. "Introduction". W Convection and Substorms. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085297.003.0004.
Streszczenie:
In the year 1600, the the man about to become physician to Queen Elizabeth I of England published a long treatise summarizing his two decades of experimentation on magnetism. After disposing of such issues as whether garlic causes magnets to “lose their virtue” William Gilbert recounted his observations upon moving a compass over the surface of a permanent magnet that had been specially fashioned in the form of a sphere (Gilbert, 1893, 1958). The similarity between the compass readings on the surface of his magnet and those recorded in mariners’ charts led Gilbert to conclude that his magnet was a terrella, a little earth, and that our big earth is (among other things) a giant magnet. Gilbert’s little earth organized the pattern of compass readings not only on its surface but also in the space surrounding it. From this, he boldly asserted that the big earth’s magnetic influence continues far into empty space, where no mariner of his day could ever go. The profundity of this remark was not lost on Gilbert’s younger contemporary, Johannes Kepler, who found in it an explanation of the earth’s annual motion around the sun. Kepler reasoned more or less as follows (in modern language): Since the earth and the sun are both celestial bodies, they both should rotate, and they both should have magnetic fields surrounding them in space. Their two rotating fields interact somehow, somewhere, in the space between them, communicating the sun’s rotational motion to the earth and pushing the earth around its orbit. In this curious way, Kepler might have been the first to perceive that the sun acts upon terrestrial magnetism. He was not the last. In 1580, Kepler’s teacher, Michael Maestlin, had recorded an observation of a distinct region of oscillating luminosity in the northern sky, an aurora. The aurora had been a topic of scientific interest since Graeco-Roman antiquity [of particular importance was Aristotle’s (384-322 B.C.) discussion of it in his Meteorology], but it had become an object of superstition in the European Middle Ages, and scientific interest in it only began to re-emerge in the second half of the 16th century (Link, 1957).
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Matt, Daniel, Nadhem Boubaker, Mourad Aitakkache, Philippe Enrici, Jean-Jacques Huselstein i Thierry Martire. "High Power Very Low Voltage Electric Motor for Electric Vehicle". W New Perspectives on Electric Vehicles [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99134.
Streszczenie:
Electric vehicles are often designed in the same way as their conventional counterparts based on the internal combustion engine, they are heavy machines for comfort and safety reasons, and increasingly powerful. Under these conditions, in order to simplify the motor electrical supply system by reducing the current levels, the voltage chosen for the battery is very high and can go up to 700 V. However, for many applications where the power is relatively low (< 30 kW per motor), it can be more beneficial to size the system at very low voltage (< 60 V). This approach allows to overcome many constraining safety requirements and also to use off-the-shelf components (motor controllers, connectors, etc.) that are more easily available on the market in this voltage range. There are also many regulatory provisions that may require to stay within this voltage limit. This article presents a variety of very low voltage motorisation solutions with a required power up to 100kW. They use two complementary approaches. The first is to implement an original permanent magnet synchronous machine technology with an optimised armature winding for low voltage operation. The second is based on power splitting where the electrical machine being designed to be driven by multiple controllers. Many examples of low-voltage motorised vehicles (sporty vehicle, tractor, re-motorised automobile, etc.) are illustrated in this article.
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Ciulin, Dan. "About Gravitational (Inertial) Motors". W Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 90–126. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1680-4.ch005.
Streszczenie:
A gravitational motor interact with the locally gravitational field in order to produce a linear and/or rotational thrust able to move in space a given vehicle. The big advantages of such a motor are the facts that it can be used for nearly any kind of vehicle, even in free space, and may be placed inside the vehicle as the necessary interactions with the environment are realized through gravitational fields but not by direct mechanical interaction as for actual motors used for vehicles. Generally, in mechanics a physical motor may be considered as a ‘transducer' between some input (equivalent) energy existing on a vehicle and the output (equivalent) obtained movement of this vehicle. For space treks, such a motor must be able to ensure the take-off and/or landing of a space vehicle on any given planet and carry the entire load corresponding to this vehicle including also the necessary energy sources and eventually a human crew. By analogy with the Levitron toy the atomic particles, and the maglev such motor may be built. The paper presents some ideas and mathematical models that may help to build such a gravitational motor. It starts by presenting the energy based differential equations that have as solution analytic complex exponential functions, elliptic and ultra-elliptic functions adding also a physical interpretation of their coefficients. Forces and torques in mechanic and electro mechanic are presented and also methods to obtain such forces using only torques. Based on the modified Euler equations of a gyroscope with an added magnet like for the Levitron toy, an electro-mechanical gravitational motor may be built and a mathematical model for the gravitational waves is also deduced. Maybe, by using this kind of waves, a permanent contact between an interplanetary ship and the earth can be kept. Another kind of inertial motor may be based on the direct transfer of the energy of acoustical and/or ultra-acoustical waves that represents the desired ‘inertia' of a vehicle to this vehicle. This kind of transfer may be realized using convenient acoustical and/or ultra-acoustical 3-D sources. This last method has the advantage that uses no mechanical component in movement and then may lead to a better reliability. Associated with a good and convenient technology that may be developed on the presented bases, all these tools are of most strategic importance. Applications may be found in interplanetary telecommunications and treks but also for a new, more sure and versatile, telecommunications systems and terrestrial vehicles. The presented tools may be used for mathematically modeling the fields and ensure also a more comprehensive understanding.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Permanent-magnet mac":
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Hargude, N. V., i S. M. Sawant. "Experimental Investigation of a Spark Ignited Engine Using Magnetic Air Conditioner (MAC) for Improved Performance and Reduced Emissions". W ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66521.
Streszczenie:
In 21st century, to cope up with exponential technological development, use of eco-friendly conventional energy system is a critical issue. Saving of energy is nothing but production of energy. Conventional fuel used in stationary power plant an IC engine is bulk in quantity, which will not be last longer and will exhaust very soon. Stationary power plants and Automobile propelled by I.C. engines have a problem of pollutant emission in environment which mainly depends on combustion process occurs in power plant and I.C. engines. Incomplete combustion of hydro-carbon fuel/s produce very large amount of harmful emission gases resulting into smog in cities & reduces performance of the system. These systems, equipped with Internal Combustion or External combustion produces large amount of exhaust gases CO, HC and NOx like monoxides etc. Since hazardous emissions which are harmful to human life and ecosystem resulting in many types of diseases of human especially in urban areas where automobile vehicle equipped with IC engine density is very high. These emissions have effect on result in environmental cycles also. In today’s globalised world, many attempts are made to reduce intensity of hazardous emissions of an IC engine through pre processing of fuels and post processing combustion exhaust gases in IC engine by many means like MPFI, PCV, EGR, catalytic converter, supercharger, turbocharger, etc. In order to handle, these issues, additional attempt is made. This attempt uses Air conditioner/Energizer for Pre-processing air and unit developed called as Magnetic air Conditioner (MAC). A permanent magnet, magnetic air conditioner (MAC) is mounted in path of air lines. Mounting MAC in air line enhances quality of air and air molecules properties like it aligns and orientations, especially in an oxygen molecule. Better atomization of an oxygen molecule which further enters into combustion chambers of SI engine along with air. In a conventional four stroke spark Ignited engine, oxygen molecules reacts with hydro -carbon, which assist for complete combustion of hydro-carbon. Use of such Magnetic air conditioners improves performance of SI engine. The specific fuel consumption also decreases, resulting in to decrease in BSFC with increase in load. Use of MAC in engine also reduces emissions like CO, HC, ultimately resulting into reduction in smog in urban areas. The present article describes the mechanism of MAC, objectives and its effect on SI engine, such as enhanced performance parameter, various efficiencies like mechanical, brake thermal, volumetric saving in fuel, and reduced emission. One case study is presented in which ferrite magnets are used as MAC which improves performance and reduces emissions.
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Sahinkaya, Alican, Larry Hawkins i Jerzy T. Sawicki. "Computational Cost Reduction of MIMO Controllers for Active Magnetic Bearing Systems". W ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15241.
Streszczenie:
Abstract Generalized MIMO controllers such as H∞ and μ have not been widely adopted in the magnetic bearing industry, partially due to high computational cost relative to simpler SISO schemes. Computational cost is important to industrial magnetic bearing vendors as their controller hardware is based on embedded processors that have limited bandwidth. Studies to mitigate the problem of high order controllers show the limit of the existing methods in order reduction while still maintaining satisfying robust performance. A novel method is proposed to reduce the computational cost of robust controllers by identifying the bounds in their dynamic response, such that an implementation of a controller within those bounds results in the robust performance. The bounds are used to develop two computational cost reduction schemes for controller implementation, i.e., 1) identifying a dual-rate implementation of a single-rate controller which uniformly reduces the computational cost via interlacing technique, and 2) redesign of a controller by identifying its negligible dynamics based on the identified bounds in the controllers’ dynamic response. The results of both approaches are demonstrated on two active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems, a model of a 300 kW turbine generator with permanent magnet biased AMBs and an experimental high-speed AMB machining spindle. μ-synthesis controllers are designed for both systems and the proposed method and schemes are applied accordingly. The comparison of standard implementation of the synthesized controllers and the proposed new implementations is presented. The results demonstrate considerable reduction in the computational cost in terms of required number of multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations.
3
Jih, Edward, Thomas Abraham, Stephen Stella, Roy Davis, Bert Dinger i Raymond Ong. "Thermal Modeling of a Liquid-Cooled PM Traction Motor". W ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42512.
Streszczenie:
The electric motor plays a critical role for the applications of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicel. It is also well known that thermal constraints represent one of the main limitations in the performance of the electric motor. For example, the electric motor will be short-circuited if the insulation coatings of the copper wire bundles fail. Furthermore, the performance of the permanent magnet electric motor reduces significantly as the rotor magnet temperature increases. In this study, a series of Computational Fluid Dynamics analyses were performed for the design of a liquid-cooled permanent magnet electric motor to achieve better thermal performance. Several thermal tests of a partial permanent magnet traction motor assembly (stator and housing only) were also performed to determine effective properties of the stator slot and thermal contact resistance between stator and housing that may vary due to the manufacturing process. A simplified thermal network model of this system was established from the Computational Fluid Dynamics analyses. Then the critical heat transfer path of this system was identified.
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Dong, Yu-gang, Cheng-ning Zhang, Liang Gu i Feng-chun Sun. "Zero speed braking control strategy for permanent magnet motor". W 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5535341.
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Weeber, K., C. Stephens, J. Vandam, A. Gravame, J. Yagielski i D. Messervey. "High-Speed Permanent-Magnet Motors for the Oil and Gas Industry". W ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28282.
Streszczenie:
Recent years have seen an increase in high-speed electric compression for Oil & Gas applications where high-speed electric motors drive compressors directly without intermediate gears. To date induction machines have been the predominant workhorse of the industry. The permanent-magnet machine technology provides an alternative that promises a highly reliable and robust system design, especially in applications where motor and compressor are fully integrated and share the same process gas environment. This paper provides an update on the recent progress in developing the permanent magnet technology for Oil & Gas applications in which the process gas may contain corrosive elements.
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Chunyan Li, Yanjun Yu, Zunbing Sheng, Chunhong Li, Zhongxian Wang i Xiaodong Qu. "Research on a PMSM with rotor embedded segmented permanent magnet". W 2013 International Conference on Mechatronic Sciences, Electric Engineering and Computer (MEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mec.2013.6885599.
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Hao Wang, Zhijing Zhang, Chengying Liu i Chengwu Li. "Analysis of inductance variation in permanent magnet linear synchronous motor". W 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5535740.
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Bassani, R., i E. Ciulli. "Passive Magnetic Bearings: Low Instability and Possible Stability". W World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63546.
Streszczenie:
Permanent magnet bearings and systems offer negligible friction and no wear, but static instability too. Nevertheless, spaces of low static instability exhist, and stability may be possible in non static conditions.
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Weijie Lin i Qiuxuan Wu. "Vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on matrix converter". W 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988055.
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Qiao, Liang, Xinjian Wang, Xinbo Chen i Yeqin Wang. "3 Dimensional finite element analysis of vehicle permanent magnet motor's rotor". W 2011 International Conference on Mechatronic Science, Electric Engineering and Computer (MEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mec.2011.6025734.