Rozprawy doktorskie: „Physical biases”

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Mihajlovits, Bethany. "Probability Elicitation Methods for Avoiding Biases: An Exposition". VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1796.

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A large portion of decision analysis lies in a decision maker’s uncertainty about an outcome and what they perceive is the chance (probability) of that outcome occurring (in other words, an individual’s “degree of belief” that an outcome will occur). However, thinking probabilistically can be difficult and we rely on “rather primitive cognitive techniques to make” such assessments (these techniques are termed heuristics) (Clemen & Reilly, 2001 p.311). Heuristics are simple and intuitive but tend to result in probabilities that are biased. This thesis will connect the literature available from both the psychology behind the biases and the mathematical problems associated with the probability elicitation itself. Additionally, this thesis will present a better understanding of the biases that distort the probability elicitation for the decision maker along with suggestions for improving such assessments.

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Wilson, Mario N. "The influences of physical attractiveness and sex-based biases on midshipmen performance evaluations at the United States Naval Academy". access online version, 2004. http://theses.nps.navy.mil/04Jun%5FWilson.pdf.

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Wilson, Mario N. "The influences of physical attractiveness and sex-based biases on midshipman performance evaluations at the United States Naval Academy". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FWilson.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Leadership and Human Resource Development)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): Janice H. Laurence, Armando X. Estrada. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-94). Also available online.

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Ossman, Tahani. "Physical-chemical understanding of membrane partitioning and permeation at an atomic resolution : towards in silico pharmacology". Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0089.

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Le mécanisme d‘interaction d‘un composé xénobiotique avec la membrane est un des facteurs clés qui influence son mécanisme d‘action biologique et donc son action thérapeutique pour un principe actif. Une analyse précise des interactions intermoléculaires à l‘échelle atomique peut être obtenue par dynamique moléculaire, une méthode qui apparait plus que jamais comme une alternative élégante aux techniques expérimentales. Les simulations de dynamique moléculaire permettent d‘évaluer ces interactions avec une résolution temporelle et spatiale difficiles à atteindre avec les méthodes expérimentales. Ces informations constituent une pierre angulaire de la compréhension des mécanismes d‘action des xénobiotiques . Les résultats obtenus corrèlent généralement bien avec les données expérimentales. Dans ce travail théorique, nous avons utilisé des dynamiques moléculaires non -biaisées et biaisées (z-Contraint). Nous avons étudié les modes d‘insertion (positionnement et orientation), les coefficients de partition, et la capacité de différents xénobiotiques à traverser la bicouche lipidique (perméation passive). Plusieurs composés de différentes familles thérapeutiques ont été étudiés (antiviraux, immunosuppresseurs et antioxydants), tous étant utilisés en transplantation d‘organes ; les antioxydants sont étudiés en tant que protecteurs d‘organe contre les phénomènes d‘ischémie -reperfusion. Pour la perméation passive, les profils d‘ énergies, les coefficients de diffusion locaux et la résistance à la traversée ont été calculés pour finalement obtenir des coefficients globaux de perméabilité. Nous avons montré que ces techniques de calcul donnent une description qualitative du processus d‘insertion/perméation, montrant notamment le rôle de différentes propriétés physiques (ex., polarité, charge). Des résultats remarquables ont été obtenus pour les larges molécules. Malgré la taille, ces mol cules peuvent s‘ insérer dans la bicouche lipidique relativement facilement (faibles barrières énergétiques). Par contre, leur diffusion dans les différentes régions de la membrane peut augmenter d‘une manière signifiante. Ce travail donne une confiance accrue dans les méthodes de dynamique moléculaire pour devenir prédictive dans les années avenirs, et aide de façon concrète les pharmacologues dans la recherche de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques
The mechanism of interaction between drugs or any xenobiotic and membrane is one of thekey factors that affect its biological of action, and so its therapeutic activity. A thoroughrationalization of the relationship between the intrinsic properties of the xenobiotics and theirmechanism of interaction with membranes can now be assessed with atomistic details.Molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful research tool to study xenobiotics-membraneinteractions, which can access time and space scales that are not simultaneously accessibleby experimental methods. Semi-quantitative molecular and thermodynamic descriptions ofthese interactions can be provided using in silico model of lipid bilayers, often in agreementwith experimental measurements.The main goal of our investigation consisted to get in depth insight into the mechanisms ofinteraction/partitioning/insertion/crossing with/in/into/through membrane and drug deliveryusing MD. In this thesis, we have focused on both drugs used in renal transplantation (e.g.,antivirals, immunosuppressants) and antioxidants, which can also be used to protect organsalong the transplantation processes. We have provided a series of clues showing that MDsimulations can tackle the delicate process of drug passive permeation.Both, unbiased and biased MD (z-constraint) simulations have been used to elucidate thexenobiotics-membrane interactions (i.e., positioning and orientation) and to evaluate crossingenergies, diffusion coefficients, and permeability coefficients. These findings led us to drawqualitative structure-permeability relationships (SPR). We have carefully analyzed how thechemical and physical properties of xenobiotics affect the mechanism of interactions andthus permeability. The robustness of these MD-based methodologies has been determinedto qualitatively predict these pharmacological parameters. Hydrophobic compounds showeda favorable partitioning into the lipid bilayer and relatively low Gibbs energy of crossing thecenter of membrane (Î”Gcross). Hydrophilic or charged compounds showed partitioning closeto membrane surface, in interaction with the polar head groups and water molecules; this hasbeen shown to dramatically increase Î”Gcross. Amphiphilic compounds are intermediatecompounds in terms of membrane insertion/positioning/crossing. It clearly appears that theyshould be analyzed case by case, an analysis for which MD simulations could be particularlysupportive. Also the influence of size at predicting permeation has been studied (i.e.,relatively large drugs were tested). The molecular size has shown no significant influence onÎ”Gcross whereas diffusion coefficients were significantly affected, depending on themembrane regions

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Berlind, Andreas A. "Biased galaxy formation and large scale structure /". The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486400446371298.

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Scott, Sarah. "Attentional bias and physical symptom reporting". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/attentional-bias-and-physical-symptom-reporting(3b1382e1-cb80-4986-ba56-51c941d1abb1).html.

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Attentional bias to health-threat information in the sphere of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) is the focus of this thesis. Confusion and debate regarding the classification of MUS exists, and medical and psychiatric classifications of MUS have resulted in separate literatures in the two areas. In addition to “medical” and “psychiatric” diagnoses, there are habitual symptom reporters who are frequently seen in the general population. Contemporary psychological theories of MUS postulate attentional bias towards health-threat information as central in their development and maintenance, although a causal relationship has yet to be established. Paper 1 provides an overview of the experimental paradigms used to examine attentional bias to health-threat information in “medical” MUS (functional somatic syndromes). This is provided within the theoretical context of attention. Eighteen studies satisfied inclusion criteria, and it was concluded that the evidence for an attentional bias in individuals with functional somatic syndromes is equivocal. The strengths and limitations of the individual studies are provided, together with recommendations for future research. The review has been prepared for submission to ‘Clinical Psychology Review’.Paper 2 employed an attentional bias modification (ABM) paradigm to explore whether it is possible to generate an attentional bias towards health-threat information in a low symptom reporting population. Fifty-six non-clinical low symptom reports were randomly assigned to a ‘training’ or ‘no training’ version of the ABM paradigm. ABM increased the degree to which low symptom reporters were distracted by threat but this did not lead to increased physical symptoms or anxiety. The empirical paper has been prepared for submission to the ‘Journal of Abnormal Psychology’.Paper 3 is a critical appraisal of the previous papers. Methodological considerations are discussed, together with theoretical and clinical implications.

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Tokarek, Nathan. "The Impact of Stand-Biased Desks on After-School Physical Activity Behaviors in Children". Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10620289.

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The purpose of this study was to assess changes in after-school time spent performing sedentary behavior (SB), light intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) among elementary school children in response to the introduction of stand-biased desks in the classroom. Thirty-one 6^th grade participants randomly assigned by their teacher to a traditional (CON) or stand-biased (INT) desk provided complete accelerometer data. After-school PA and SB were measured on four consecutive weekdays at baseline and 10-weeks. Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests were used to detect significant differences (p<0.10) in changes in the proportion of after-school wear time performing SB and PA between groups. Results suggested no significant differences in changes in after-school time performing SB (p=0.770), LPA (p=0.740), or MVPA (p=0.470). Significant differences in the change in moderate PA (INT: -1.4%; CON: -0.2%, p=0.093) were detected. Stand-biased desks were not detrimental to children’s after-school PA and SB.

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Gauthier, Michel. "Modelling a highly biased random walk: Application to gel electrophoresis". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26334.

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The drift and diffusion motions of biased particles are commonly studied using random walks on lattices. We present a novel theoretical approach that makes it possible to calculate exact mobilities in the presence of lattice obstacles. Several two-dimensional examples are studied and a particular attention is given to separation techniques and how our model can be used to study such devices. We also broach the problems related to the field-dependence of the diffusion coefficient during random walks, and we present new algorithms that remove these difficulties. We develop new Monte Carlo algorithms that make it possible to study both drift and diffusion processes simultaneously, even in presence of very strong fields. Finally, we present two brief discussions about the addition of curved field lines and viscosity gradients to our lattice models. This work opens the door to a wide range of applications, especially for the study of electrophoretic technologies.

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Seu, Keoki A. "Static and ultrafast MOKE studies of exchange -biased cobalt systems". W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623503.

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We have studied the exchange bias interaction in metal bilayers IrMn/Co and FeMn/Co using the static and ultrafast pump-probe Kerr effects. Experiments conducted on wedged Co samples show that the exchange bias interaction is sensitive to the buffer layers grown beneath it when the antiferromagnetic layer is FeMn. The exchange bias strength, as measured by the shift in the magnetic hysteresis loop, follows a 1/tFM dependence as reported in the literature. The time-domain pump-probe experiments reveal coherent magnetization oscillations, whose frequencies are comparable to those measured by frequency-domain FMR measurements, and they fit well to FMR equations for the frequency. We have also been able to use the pump beam to permanently alter the exchange bias interface which leads to the launching of oscillations along new geometries, particularly along the easy axis where magnetization is aligned with the applied field. This is explained qualitatively by showing that the pump has enough energy to overcome the energy barrier in the AF, allowing it to flip and provide a torque on the magnetization that launches oscillations.

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Pistenon, Nicolas. "Découvrir la loi de comportement de matériaux viscoélastiques non linéaires par réseaux de neurones à base physique et données expérimentales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLM044.

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Les méthodes d'apprentissage automatique basées sur les réseaux de neurones offrent de nouvelles perspectives pour la modélisation du comportement mécanique des matériaux. Grâce à leur capacité à servir d'interpolateurs universels de fonctions, ces réseaux sont capables de capturer une grande variété de comportements complexes. Cependant, leur mise en œuvre requiert des ensembles de données volumineux, souvent difficilement accessibles par des moyens expérimentaux. Afin de pallier cette limitation, ce manuscrit introduit différents biais physiques permettant de modéliser le comportement mécanique de matériau, et plus spécifiquement le comportement viscoélastique non linéaire, à partir de données expérimentales restreintes.Les deux principes fondamentaux de la thermodynamique constituent un cadre contraignant pour la formulation de lois de comportement. Il permet de réduire le nombre de données nécessaires à l'entraînement des modèles, tout en renforçant leur robustesse face aux erreurs de mesure.Les réseaux de neurones récurrents, quant à eux, sont particulièrement bien adaptés pour modéliser des comportements dépendant de l'histoire du chargement. Leurs mémoires cachées offrent une analogie intéressante avec les variables internes introduites par le principe de l'état local en mécanique. Cependant, ces réseaux posent des défis en matière d'entraînement et de généralisation. Pour surmonter ces difficultés, un modèle de réseau de neurones à encodage mécanique est proposé. Ce modèle tire parti des variables internes d'un modèle de viscoélasticité linéaire pour encoder l'histoire du matériau, ce qui s'avère suffisant pour modéliser le comportement mécanique non linéaire du matériau.Un des défis majeurs de la modélisation en trois dimensions à partir de données expérimentales réside dans la prise en compte des symétries matérielles pour éviter des essais redondants. Dans le cas des matériaux isotropes, une méthode d'augmentation de données par rotation aléatoire des essais, combinée à un apprentissage par transfert latéral, permet de développer une loi de comportement 3D en utilisant seulement deux types d'essais uniaxiaux. Une formulation thermodynamique respectant intrinsèquement l'isotropie du matériau est proposée, bien que des défis d'entraînement restent à surmonter pour optimiser cette approche
The application of machine learning techniques based on neural networks provides novel insights into the modelling of the mechanical behaviour of materials. These networks are capable of capturing a wide variety of complex behaviours due to their ability to act as universal function approximators. However, the deployment of these techniques requires large datasets, which are often difficult to obtain experimentally. This manuscript introduces various physical biases that enable the modelling of mechanical behaviour, specifically non-linear viscoelastic behaviour, using limited experimental data, thereby addressing this limitation.The two fundamental principles of thermodynamics provide a robust framework for constraining the formulation of constitutive laws. This approach reduces the quantity of data required for model training, while simultaneously improving the models' resilience to measurement errors.Recurrent neural networks, on the other hand, are particularly well-suited for modelling behaviour that depends on the loading history. Their hidden memories mirror the internal variables introduced in mechanics by the local state principle. However, these networks present challenges in terms of training and generalisation. To overcome these difficulties, a neural network model with mechanical encoding is proposed. This model employs the internal variables of a linear viscoelasticity model to encode the material's history, which proves to be sufficient for modelling its non-linear mechanical behaviour.One of the most significant challenges in three-dimensional modelling from experimental data is the incorporation of material symmetries in order to avoid the need for superfluous testing. For isotropic materials, a method of increasing the data set by randomly rotating the tests, combined with lateral transfer learning, enables the development of a three-dimensional constitutive law using only two types of uniaxial test. A thermodynamically consistent formulation that inherently preserves the material's isotropy is proposed; however, challenges related to training remain to be addressed in order to optimise this approach

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Gonzalez, Azucena. "The Role Gender and Age Play in Hispanic Patients in Response to a Biased Physician". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/320118.

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Spece, Lloyd, i Lloyd Spece. "Implicit race bias towards American Indians in physician sample". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626818.

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The present study analyzes whether implicit racial prejudice and/or stereotyping is present within a sample of healthcare professionals. Email invitations were sent to physicians in the Southwestern United States to perform the study online. The physicians were given both a prejudice and stereotype Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure potential implicit bias towards American Indians compared to Whites. The study found that physicians implicitly stereotype American Indians as non-compliant and harbor negative implicit prejudice towards American Indians as well. The implications of physicians holding these implicit biases towards American Indians include the possibility of different patterns of clinical care and interactions based on race.

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Ibaraki, Alicia. "Mechanisms that perpetuate health disparities: physician stereotypes & bias". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23088.

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Purpose: Although Asian Americans are the only racial group for whom cancer is the leading cause of death, colorectal cancer screening is consistently lower than that of White Americans. Physicians also recommend colorectal cancer screening to Asian Americans at nearly half the rate as White Americans. This study tests a mechanism that may underlie low recommendation rates. I based my hypothesis on a conceptual model that integrates the literature on information processing and decision making with Asian American stereotypes. Methods: I conducted an online study of primary care physicians and measured their cancer screening referral behavior in response to clinical vignettes. I used the existing Asian Attitude Implicit Association Test (IAT) and developed a new Health Attitude IAT to measure implicit attitudes about Asian American foreignness and health advantages, respectively. Explicit attitudes about these constructs were also assessed through self-report. I used binary logistic regression models to evaluate the association of attitudes about Asian Americans foreignness and health advantage with screening recommendation. Results: My sample included 167 physicians (23% response rate). I found strong implicit bias that Asians are foreign (Cohen’s d = 1.09) and strong implicit bias favoring a white health advantage (Cohen’s d = -0.86). There were weaker explicit biases that Asians are foreign (Cohen’s d = 0.62). Explicit beliefs about health advantage favored Asians (Cohen’s d = 0.73). Physician race, age and gender were significant moderators of bias score. .I found no evidence of a race based screening disparity and no association between implicit or explicit bias scores and making a cancer screening recommendation. Conclusions: Foreign and health advantage biases exist among a sample of physicians, but may not influence cancer screening recommendation behavior. Physicians demonstrated both implicitly and explicitly held attitudes that Asian Americans are perpetual foreigners. Physicians also reported explicit beliefs that Asian Americans have health advantages relative to other races. Implicitly, their attitudes indicated that White Americans are a healthier group. Further research should address whether race-based cancer screening disparities persist in real world settings, both in terms of screening completion, and physician recommendation. If disparities still exist, alternate explanatory mechanisms should be identified.

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Trindade, Gonçalves Francisco José. "Engineering of demagnetisation fields in exchange biased antidots studied using ferromagnetic resonance and Lorentz microscopy". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6875/.

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Nanostructured ferromagnetic materials have gained considerable attention recently for use in novel devices in the areas of data storage, microwave signal processing and propagation of electromagnetic waves. Structural modifications allow a control over the internal magnetic properties of the system down to the nanoscale. Lateral confinement gives rise to a distribution of demagnetisation fields in the plane of the thin film which can create interesting effects on static and dynamic magnetic properties. In the context of this dissertation, nanostructuring is used as a means to engineer the static and dynamic response of magnetic systems. In particular, periodic arrays of holes embedded in continuous films are studied. With patterning one observes the emergence of an anisotropic field dependence as well as the emergence of non-uniform spin precession modes due to the dipole distribution at the film interfaces. These properties were probed primarily using a technique called broadband ferromagnetic resonance, whereby a microwave field drives the local spin dynamics of the magnetic system. A way to further modify the magnetic properties induced due to the symmetry of the periodic structuring is by introducing an unidirectional field contribution which is characteristic of an exchange biased system. It was found that the magnetic pole distribution in antidots is particularly sensitive to the effects of exchange bias, giving rise to an asymmetric frequency response with respect to the applied field. The asymmetric microwave properties of an exchange biased FeMn/NiFe system with antidot structuring, obtained using electron beam lithography, are investigated. The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra exhibited several magnetostatic spin wave modes with 8-fold and 4-fold anisotropy components. Moreover, it was observed that large frequency asymmetries are obtained along the directions 10 degrees off the main antidot lattice axes, as result of the competing anisotropies. Brillouin light scattering measurements showed the presence of a magnonic band gap as expected for this type of structure. To interpret these observations, the spin precessional modes obtained experimentally are correlated with localised mode profiles obtained by micromagnetic simulations. This hybrid structure is a good candidate for applications such as selective microwave filtering and for use in multi-state magnetic logic. The prospects of using patterned exchange biased systems to engineer microwave properties is greatly increased if one goes beyond the 2-dimensional perspective. In multilayered structures, one can modify the magnetic properties layer-by-layer to achieve the desired response. This concept is demonstrated here by using a three dimensional structure in which an exchange biased and a free magnetic layer are stacked upon one another and patterned with an antidot configuration. The exchange bias acts as a pinning field for one layer, while the free layer reverses, promoting a zero net moment state. Interlayer dipole interactions are found to result in the partial cancellation of the microwave response. Micromagnetic simulations support the existence of a diminished microwave response which was confirmed by FMR measurements of an equivalent structure. The net moment cancellation, indicative of the antiparallel alignment, was observed on a Lorentz differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with an FMR probe, which was designed and built for the purpose. This unique tool allows access to complex microwave response while the ground state of a nanostructured film is imaged via Lorentz microscopy. From the magnetostatic viewpoint, our results differ greatly from previous studies in a way that this sample shows distinct magnetic history and the near remanence states exhibit unique magnetic textures: magnetic vortices. The applicability of the TEM in-situ FMR probe was extended to the mapping of radio frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields using low angle diffraction (LAD) imaging. The electron beam, propagating in a sample free environment, experiences the field distribution generated by the microstrip waveguide, which alters the electron amplitude and phase, as described by the Aharonov-Bohm effect, and results in different intensity profiles at the detector. As the microwave frequencies were varied, the different polarisation states are imaged directly. Microwave simulations allowed the EM field distribution to be calculated, which was used to reproduce the LAD results. A knowledge of the near field distribution in antennas is often a challenging task so this technique opens up new opportunities for planar devices operating in high vacuum conditions.

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Uzun, Mara. "Beauty and Cabinet Nomination: Is There a Gender Bias?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31542.

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In this thesis, I aim to answer the following questions: (1) is there a relationship between the gender of the nominator and the beauty of the ministers that he or she selected, and (2) do nominators select more attractive ministers of the opposite sex. I compare and contrast the physical beauty of ministers of three cabinets nominated by a male prime minister and three cabinets nominated by a female prime minister. My descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis, in which I control for the age of the nominator, the physical attractiveness of the nominator, the professional experience of the nominator, the age of the minister and the margin of victory of the nominator`s party, reveal interesting results. I find that both male and female prime ministers nominate better-looking women, and that this tendency is even stronger and slightly more pronounced for female nominators than it is for male nominators.

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Andrén, Henrik. "Studies of artificial mass bias in isotopic measurements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16881.

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Mass spectrometry, and especially inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), suffers heavily from mass bias, or instrumental mass discrimination. The nett result of this effect is the preferential transmission, most often of heavier ions through the mass spectrometer. Most work regarding this phenomenon in ICP-MS dates back quite far, and has been interpreted in terms of the space-charge effect. This means that Coulombic forces acting on the beam of positively charged particles extracted from the ICP result in greater dissipation of lighter, and hence more mobile ions from the beam axis. In this work the importance of the space-charge effect as a universal explanation for mass bias is challenged by the results of high precision measurements of isotope ratios. Other than considering some commonly known sources of isotope ratio measurement bias, a not previously considered mechanism of isotopic fractionation has been investigated, i.e. diffusion in solution. It was established that, indeed, diffusion does lead to isotopic fractionation in solution, and although this is a long term process, may contribute to the minor isotopic variations observed in certain aquatic environments. Furthermore it was established that spectral interferences of argone oxide ions could be discerned from the ions of iron using high resolution ICP-MS, thus eliminating this potential source of artificial fractionation. Most significant was the discovery that the extent of mass bias varied throughout the volume of the plasma, and was further affected by sample characteristics, such as analyte concentration and acid strength. This identifies the plasma itself as the major source of instrumental mass discrimination. Varying the sampling position, i.e. the point at which ions are extracted from the plasma, not only affected the measured isotope ratios, but also the precision of such measurements. From these results, it is not recommended to measure at the sampling position providing maximum signal, since the variability in the isotope ratio is also at its' maximum there. Instead, the ions should be sampled from a point below the maximum, where the stability of the ratios will be better.
Godkänd; 2004; 20070128 (ysko)

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Hübner, Claudia, Sabrina Baldofski, Markus Zenger, Wolfgang Tigges, Beate Herbig, Christian Jurowich, Stefan Kaiser, Arne Dietrich i Anja Hilbert. "Influences of general self-efficacy and weight bias internalization on physical activity in bariatric surgery candidates". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-203442.

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Background: Physical activity (PA) seems to be important for long-term weight loss following bariatric surgery, however, studies provide evidence for insufficient PA levels in bariatric patients. Research found self-efficacy to be associated with PA and weight bias internalization, whose influence on mental and physical health has been shown in recent studies. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of general self-efficacy on PA, mediated by weight bias internalization. Setting: Consecutive multicenter registry study conducted in six German bariatric surgery centers. Methods: In N = 179 bariatric surgery candidates, general self-efficacy, weight bias internalization, and different intensities of PA were assessed by self-report questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the assumed mediational relationship. Results: After controlling for sociodemographic variables, weight bias internalization fully mediated the association between general self-efficacy and moderate-intense as well as vigorous-intense PA. Lower general self-efficacy predicted greater weight bias internalization, which in turn predicted lower levels of moderate-intense and vigorous-intense PA. Conclusions: The results suggest an influence of weight bias internalization on preoperative PA in bariatric surgery candidates. Subsequently, implementation of interventions addressing weight bias internalization in the usual treatment of bariatric surgery candidates might enhance patients’ preoperative PA, while longitudinal analyses are needed in order to further examine its predictive value on PA following bariatric surgery.

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Hübner, Claudia, Sabrina Baldofski, Markus Zenger, Wolfgang Tigges, Beate Herbig, Christian Jurowich, Stefan Kaiser, Arne Dietrich i Anja Hilbert. "Influences of general self-efficacy and weight bias internalization on physical activity in bariatric surgery candidates". Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases (2014) 11, 6, S. 1371-1376, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14726.

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Background: Physical activity (PA) seems to be important for long-term weight loss following bariatric surgery, however, studies provide evidence for insufficient PA levels in bariatric patients. Research found self-efficacy to be associated with PA and weight bias internalization, whose influence on mental and physical health has been shown in recent studies. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of general self-efficacy on PA, mediated by weight bias internalization. Setting: Consecutive multicenter registry study conducted in six German bariatric surgery centers. Methods: In N = 179 bariatric surgery candidates, general self-efficacy, weight bias internalization, and different intensities of PA were assessed by self-report questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the assumed mediational relationship. Results: After controlling for sociodemographic variables, weight bias internalization fully mediated the association between general self-efficacy and moderate-intense as well as vigorous-intense PA. Lower general self-efficacy predicted greater weight bias internalization, which in turn predicted lower levels of moderate-intense and vigorous-intense PA. Conclusions: The results suggest an influence of weight bias internalization on preoperative PA in bariatric surgery candidates. Subsequently, implementation of interventions addressing weight bias internalization in the usual treatment of bariatric surgery candidates might enhance patients’ preoperative PA, while longitudinal analyses are needed in order to further examine its predictive value on PA following bariatric surgery.

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Thomson, Clint D. "Experimental Investigation of Snapover: The Sudden Increase of Plasma Current Drawn to a Positively Biased Conductor When Surrounded by a Dielectric". DigitalCommons@USU, 2001. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2092.

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Snapover is particularly relevant to Earth-orbiting spacecraft powered by high-voltage solar arrays. During snapover, the current collected by a positively biased conductor that is immersed in a plasma suddenly increases when two conditions are met: i) there is an immediately adjacent insulator; ii) the conductor exceeds a positive threshold voltage with respect to the plasma. The enhanced current develops as a consequence of the insulator, either through secondary electron (SE) emission or by material ionization. Experiments were performed to examine snapover onset potential and current collection dependence on conductor and insulator materials, conductor size and shape, sample history, biasing rate, and contamination and smoothness of the dielectric surface. Numerous current jumps were observed between applied voltages of 100 V and 1000 V. Both surface roughening and surface coatings were found to inhibit snapover. In general, the results did not support previous simple interpretations of the SE model.

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Huang, Tianwen. "Study of Self-Biased Magnetoelectric Materials for Future Micro Energy Sources". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS224.

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Cette thèse mène une étude approfondie sur les composites magnétoélectriques (ME) auto-polarisés fabriqués par la technologie de pulvérisation RF : ces composites pourraient répondre aux besoins d'énergie dans les applications de l'Internet des objets (IoT) et être utilisés pour des applications d'implants biomédicaux grâce au transfert d'énergie sans contact via un champ magnétique. Cette caractéristique permet non seulement de réduire l'utilisation de piles et de batteries, mais aussi de diminuer les besoins de maintenance des implants. Avec le déploiement généralisé des appareils IoT, il existe une demande croissante de solutions énergétiques efficaces et miniaturisées qui nécessitent une maintenance minimale. Les composites ME auto-polarisés permettent d'obtenir des effets magnéto-électriques sans avoir besoin d'un champ magnétique statique.Les composites ME Ni/LiNbO3/Ni ont été choisis comme matériau ME principal pour cette recherche. Des études expérimentales complètes incluant des mesures par la diffraction des rayons X pour étudier la qualité des films de nickel, des mesures de la magnétisation du nickel pour étudier son comportement magnétique, et des mesures électriques pour caractériser le coefficient ME des composites ont été menées. Ces mesures ainsi que des simulations par éléments finis ont permis d'étudier en profondeur le comportement d'auto-polarisation et ses origines. Il a été constaté que les contraintes résiduelles générées au cours de la croissance du nickel par pulvérisation RF sur le substrat de LiNbO3, en sont les principales causes. En outre, le modèle d'éléments finis développé dans cette étude, qui incorpore une formulation d'éléments en coquille et un modèle magnétoélastique non linéaire, a permis de simuler avec succès le comportement magnétoélectrique de ces matériaux. La précision et la fiabilité des simulations ont été validées par comparaison avec les résultats expérimentaux. Les composites Ni/LiNbO3/Ni sont particulièrement adaptés aux applications d'implants biomédicaux en raison de leur biocompatibilité et de leur capacité à maintenir une efficacité de transmission d'énergie pour des tailles minimales, sans un champ d'excitation statique
This thesis conducts an in-depth study of self-biased magnetoelectric (ME) composites fabricated by RF sputtering technology : these composites could meet the energy needs of Internet of Things (IoT) applications and be used for biomedical implant applications thanks to wireless energy transfer via a magnetic field. This feature not only reduces the use of batteries, but also reduces the need for implant maintenance. With the widespread deployment of IoT devices, there is a growing demand for efficient, miniaturized energy solutions that require minimal maintenance. Self-biased ME composites enable ME effects to be achieved without the need for a static magnetic field.The Ni/LiNbO3/Ni ME composites were chosen as the main ME material for this research. Complete experimental studies including X-ray diffraction measurements to study the quality of the nickel films, measurements of the magnetization of the nickel to study its magnetic behavior, and electrical measurements to characterize the ME coefficient of the composites were carried out. These measurements, together with finite element simulations, enabled an in-depth study of the self-biased behavior and its origins. It was found that residual stresses generated during the growth of nickel by RF sputtering on the LiNbO3 substrate were the main causes. In addition, the finite element model developed in this study, which incorporates a shell element formulation and a non-linear magnetoelastic model, successfully simulated the magnetoelectric behavior of these materials. The accuracy and reliability of the simulations were validated by comparison with experimental results. The Ni/LiNbO3/Ni composites are particularly well suited to biomedical implant applications because of their biocompatibility and ability to maintain energy transmission efficiency at minimal sizes, without a static excitation field

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21

Thomas, Adrian Leon. "The multidimensional nature of biased perceptions against the disabled : complying with the Americans with disabilities Act of 1990". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28827.

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Eriksson, Gabriella. "On Physical Relations in Driving: Judgements, Cognition and Perception". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100762.

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Drivers need to make judgements of physical relationships related to driving speed, such as mean speed, risks, travel time and fuel consumption, in order to make optimal choices of vehicle speed. This is also the case for the general public, politicians and other stakeholders who are engaged in traffic issues. This thesis investigates how drivers’ judgements of travel time (Study I and II), fuel consumption (Study III) and mean speed (Study IV) relate to actual physical measures. A cognitive time-saving bias has been found in judgements of travel time. The time saving bias implies that people overestimate the time saved when increasing speed from a high speed and underestimate the time saved when increasing speed from a low speed. Previous studies have mainly investigated the bias from a cognitive perspective in questionnaires. In Study I the bias was shown to be present when participants were engaged in a driving simulator task where participants primarily rely on perceptual cues. Study II showed that intuitive time saving judgements can be debiased by presenting drivers with an alternative speedometer that indicate the inverted speed in minutes per kilometre. In Study III, judgements of fuel consumption at increasing and decreasing speeds were examined, and the results showed systematic deviations from correct measures. In particular, professional truck drivers underestimated the fuel saving effect of a decrease in speed. Study IV showed that subjective mean speed judgements differed from objective mean speeds and could predict route choice better than objective mean speeds. The results indicate that biases in these judgements are robust and that they predict behaviour. The thesis concludes that judgements of mean speeds, time savings and fuel consumption systematically deviate from physical measures. The results have implications for predicting travel behaviour and the design of driver feedback systems.
Förare bör göra bedömningar som relaterar till hastighet, såsom bedömningar av medelhastighet, risk, restid och bränsleåtgång. Dessa bedömningar är nödvändiga för att föraren ska kunna välja en optimal hastighet, men också för att allmänheten, politiker och andra intressenter som är involverade i trafikfrågor ska kunna fatta välgrundade beslut. Denna avhandling består av fyra delstudier där förares bedömningar av restid (Studie I och II), bränsleåtgång (Studie III) och medelhastighet (Studie IV) studeras i relation till faktiska fysikaliska mått. Tidigare enkätstudier har påvisat ett kognitivt bias i tidsvinstbedömningar vid höga och låga hastigheter som påverkar mänskligt beteende. Studie I visade att detta bias också förekommer i en primärt perceptuell motorisk uppgift där förarna i studien kör i en körsimulator. Studie II visade att dessa intuitiva tidsbedömningar kan förbättras genom att köra med en alternativ hastighetsmätare i bilen som indikerar den inverterade hastigheten i minuter per kilometer istället för hastigheten i kilometer per timme. I Studie III undersöktes bedömningar av bränsleåtgång vid hastighetsökningar och hastighetssänkningar, och resultaten visar att bedömningarna systematiskt avviker från faktisk bränsleåtgång. Ett intressant resultat var att lastbilsförare i allmänhet underskattade bränslebesparingen som kan göras till följd av en hastighetssänkning. Studie IV visade att subjektiva bedömningar av medelhastighet som avviker från objektiva medelhastigheter kan predicera vägval, vilket tyder på att systematiska fel i dessa bedömningar är robusta och kan predicera vägval. Sammanfattningsvis visar avhandlingen hur bedömningar av medelhastighet, tidsvinst och bränsleåtgång systematiskt avviker från fysikaliska mått. Resultaten har betydelse för modellering av resebeteende och design av förarstödssystem.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted.

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23

Ronzani, Alberto. "Optimal phase bias in superconducting interferometers". Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85914.

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A superconducting condensate is characterized by the emergence of macroscopic and collective order, established between its constituent electrons. The degree of correlation at a given spatial position is a complex scalar: it is characterized both by an amplitude (proportional to the minimal energy to generate a fundamental excitation) and a complex phase. Through its gradient, the latter enables the flow of the condensate, demonstrating the quantum fingerprint of superconductivity. Superconductors exhibit strong coupling to electromagnetic fields, so that phase-dependent dissipationless transport through “weak link” circuital elements is easily manipulated by applying voltage or magnetic flux bias to superconducting terminals and loops, respectively. For these reasons, superconducting electronics is nowadays a core technology to enable robust access and manipulation of the fundamental degrees of freedom in quantum devices, from ultrasensitive electromagnetic sensors to superconducting qubits. In this work, we explore different designs of micro-magnetometers based on superconducting interferometers. Differently from conventional designs based on Superconductor, Insulator, Superconductor (SIS) tunnel junctions, here the core elements are nanoscale diffusive metal wires acting as superconducting weak links. These consist in circuital dishomogeneities that can be fabricated over scales much smaller than typical superconductor coherence lengths, typically yielding unique response properties. On the other hand, their intrinsic transparency is usually associated with strong supercurrent concentration, which can severely limit their practicality due to superconducting depairing and thermal-driven hysteresis upon switching to the dissipative regime. In this thesis we demonstrate how a judicious use of nanofabricated designs makes it possible to counter these drawbacks and achieve complete phase polarization in interferometers based on diffusive weak links. The resulting micro-magnetometers are characterized by extremely high magnetic responsivity.

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Lapendry, Audrey. "Les biais de composition des gènes et de leurs produits établissent un lien entre l'organisation spatiale du génome et celle de la cellule". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENSL0109.

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Les gènes ne sont pas répartis de manière aléatoire dans l’espace du noyau, mais sont organisés au sein de clusters spatiaux plus ou moins dynamiques. Cette organisation spatiale du génome joue un rôle majeur dans la régulation de l’expression des gènes. En utilisant différents types de données expérimentales, il est montré que les gènes à proximité spatiale les uns des autres partagent les mêmes biais de composition nucléotidique, ce qui pourrait expliquer en partie l’auto-organisation spatiale du génome. De plus, les gènes co-localisés avec des biais similaires ont une plus grande probabilité d’être co-régulés par les mêmes facteurs de transcription. Ils produisent également des ARN qui partagent les mêmes biais de composition nucléotidique, qui sont co-régulés par les mêmes protéines de liaison à l’ARN. Enfin, les ARNm produits par des gènes qui co-localisent génèrent des protéines partageant les mêmes biais de composition en acides aminés. En conséquence, les protéines produites par des gènes co-localisés partagent les mêmes propriétés physico-chimiques et ont une plus grande probabilité d’appartenir aux mêmes sous-compartiments cellulaires et d’avoir des fonctions biologiques similaires. Ainsi, en analysant les biais de composition, en tant que proxy des propriétés physico-chimiques des gènes et de leurs produits, il est mis en évidence un lien entre l’organisation spatiale des gènes dans le noyau et l’organisation spatiale de leurs produits (c’est-à-dire les protéines) dans la cellule
Genes are not randomly distributed in the nucleus space, but are organized within more or less dynamical spatial clusters. This genome spatial organization plays a major role in gene expression regulation. Using different types of experimental data, it is shown that genes in spatial proximity to each other share the same nucleotide composition biases, which could in part explain the spatial genome self-organization. In addition, co-localized genes with similar biases have a higher probability of being co-regulated by the same transcription factors. They also produce RNAs that share the same nucleotide composition biases, that are co-regulated by the same RNA-binding proteins. Finally, mRNAs produced by genes that co-localize generate proteins that share the same amino acid composition biases. As a consequence, proteins produced by co-localized genes share the same physicochemical properties and have a higher probability of belonging to the same cellular sub-compartments and to have similar biological functions. Thus, by analyzing compositional biases, as a proxy of the physicochemical properties of genes and their products, it is highlighted a link between the spatial organization of genes in the nucleus and the spatial organization of their products (i.e. proteins) in the cell

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Korostyshevsky, Aaron. "Characterization of Radiation Damage in Multi-Junction Solar Cells Using Light-Biased Current Measurements". Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1224614484.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2008.
Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillments of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Physics." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 41-42.

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Oreopoulos, Lazaros. "Plane parallel albedo bias from satellite measurements". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40417.

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The plane parallel homogeneous (PPH) bias is defined as the difference between the plane parallel cloud albedo, calculated for homogeneous cloud optical depth distributions, and the independent pixel (IP) albedo, which allows for optical depth variability, but assumes that individual cloudy columns transfer solar radiation as plane parallel slabs (horizontal photon transport is neglected). Estimates of the PPH bias from extensive Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) observations are provided for areas similar in size to weather and climate model gridboxes. The goal is to investigate conditions and assumptions influencing the PPH bias, and to suggest methods to correct for it.
Visible PPH biases vary from about 0.02 to 0.30, depending on area size, view/sun geometry, and other factors influencing optical depth retrievals and albedo calculations. Broadband PPH biases are slightly smaller than visible biases; broadband absorptance biases are about an order of magnitude smaller. Approximate estimates of the bias in broadband reflected flux at cloud top often exceed 30 Wm$ sp{-2}$ for near-nadir measurements, suggesting that the assumption of cloud homogeneity produces errors that cannot be ignored in climate studies.
Solar geometry affects the PPH bias not only through the direct dependence of albedo on solar zenith angle, but also through systematic changes in the apparent mean and variance of optical depth arising from the neglect of 3-d effects in satellite radiance inversions. PPH biases decrease with data resolution, increase when atmospheric radiative effects are accounted for in optical depth retrievals, and are only slightly affected by water cloud microphysics. PPH biases are also shown to differ substantially between the forward and backward scattering directions, and between large-scale models with and without provision for fractional cloudiness.
A large fraction of the PPH bias is removable by: (1) adjusting regionally averaged optical depths with the reduction factor of Cahalan et al. (1994a), and (2) fitting observed optical depth distributions with lognormal and (to a lesser degree) gamma distributions. These methods require the logarithmic mean and variance of optical depth, which are parameterized as a function of regional mean optical depth and cloud fraction, quantities routinely available in climate models.

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Bah, Mohamed Alpha. "Coercivity and Exchange Bias Study of Polycrystalline Hollow Nanoparticles". Thesis, University of Delaware, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10283261.

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Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to be useful in a variety of applications such as biomedical instruments, catalysis, sensing, recording information, etc. These nanoparticles exhibit remarkably different properties compared to their bulk counter parts. Synthesis of magnetic NPs with the right morphology, phase, size and surface functionality, as well as their usage for specific applications are challenging in terms of efficiency and safety. Morphology wise, there have been numerous reports on magnetic nanoparticles where morphologies such as core/shell, hollow, solid, etc., have been explored. It has been shown that morphology affects the magnetic response. Achieving the right crystal structure with required morphology and the magnetic behavior of the nanoparticle phases determines the magnetic response of the structure. For example, in the case of core/shell NPs various ferromagnetic (FM), ferrimagnetic (FiM), and antiferromagnetic (AFM) core and shell combinations have been reported. In these cases, interesting and strikingly different features, such as unusually high spin glass transition temperature, large exchange bias, finite size effects, magnetic proximity effects, unusual trend of blocking temperature as function of average crystal size, etc., have been reported.

More specifically, the morphology of core/shell nanoparticles provides added degrees of freedom compared to conventional solid magnetic nanoparticles, including variations in the size, phase and material of the core and shell of the particle, etc. which helps enhance their magnetic properties. Similar to traditional core/shell nanoparticles, inverted core/shell having a FiM or FM order above the Curie temperature (T_C) of the shell has been reported where the Néel temperature (T_N) is comparable with the bulk value and there is nonmonotonic dependence of the coercive field (H_C) and exchange bias (H_EB) on the core diameter.

In addition to the core/shell morphology, nanoparticles with hollow morphology are also of interest to the scientific community. For such cases, surface spin glass transition enhancements have been reported due to the presence of the additional inner surface. CoFe₂O₄, NiFe₂O₄ and γ-Fe₂O₃ hollow nanoparticles exhibit strikingly contrasting magnetic behavior compared to bulk and conventional solid particles; similar behavior was also observed in core/shell nanoparticles. Structurally, hollow polycrystalline nanoparticles are composed of multiple crystallographic domains. This random orientation of the crystallographic domains also causes randomization of the local anisotropy axes. Hence the overall effect of this morphology on the magnetic properties is exhibited through the high coercivity, relatively high temperature magnetic irreversibility, lack of magnetic saturation, high blocking temperature, etc.

Over the years, extensive work on core/shell nanoparticles have been carried out to understand their exchange bias phenomenon and the effect on coercivity. Recently, focus has been given to hollow polycrystalline nanoparticles for the reason mentioned above. This thesis investigates the root cause for the above-mentioned effects on the coercivity and exchange bias. Since hollow nanoparticles with polycrystalline structure have shown to exhibit different and improved magnetic behavior compared to bulk and other conventional solid particles, they will be the focus of our investigation. First, extensive field and temperature dependent magnetic study on polycrystalline hollow nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) have revealed the effect of the presence of inner surface in a single oxide nanoparticle. Second, the effect of having multiple oxides with different magnetic properties (i.e. FM and AFM) in a single nanoparticle, while maintaining a hollow morphology was investigated by studying polycrystalline hollow γ-Mn₂O₃ and MnO nanoparticles. Studies on various conventional solid manganese oxide nanoparticles have already been reported. Therefore, focus was only made on the fabrication and magnetic study of hollow polycrystalline manganese oxide, with a comparison of the results to those from solid nanoparticles already available in literature. A conclusion was drawn to the importance of the coupling of different magnetic phases (i.e. FM and AFM, FiM and AFM, or SG and AFM), in contrast to just having one single oxide in the hollow nanoparticles. Finally, the importance of this coupling as compared to the increase of surface-to-volume ratio was evaluated in CoO/Co₃O₄/CoFe₂O₄ polycrystalline hollow nanoparticles by varying the AFM phase (CoO/Co₃O₄) in the nanoparticles and observing how the magnetic properties varied. This system helped address the effect of the coupling between different magnetic phases, super-exchange interaction, and proximity effect.

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Nathaniel, James Edward II. "A computational study of electronic structures of graphene allotropes with electrical bias". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2011. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/582.

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Graphene is a two-dimensional system consisting of a single planar layer of carbon atoms with hexagonal arrangement. Various approaches have been proposed to control its physical and electronic properties. When appropriately cut, rolled, and bonded, graphene generates single-walled carbon nanotubes of varying diameters. Graphite intercalation compounds are materials formed by inserting molecular layers of compounds between stacked sheets of graphene. We have studied the physical and electronic responses of two graphene layers intercalated with FeCl3 and of metallic, semi-metallic and semiconducting nanotubes when normally biased using electric fields of various magnitudes. By means of first-principles density functional calculations, our results indicate that the band structures of the aforementioned graphene structures are modified upon application of a bias voltage. In the case of nanotubes, electric biasing allows tuning of the band gap leading to a transition from semiconducting to metallic state, or vice versa. In the case of the FeCl3 intercalant compounds, electric biasing results in shifting of the Dirac point.

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Ohler, Lindsey Ann. "Adjective Pairings with Female Body Shapes". Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1396368907.

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Johnson-Kozlow, Marilyn Fay. "Validity and measurement bias in three self-report measures of physical activity among women diagnosed with breast cancer /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3099928.

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Millet, Floyd W. "Improving Electromagnetic Bias Estimates". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd525.pdf.

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McAllister, Kelly Denise. "Modification of the electronic properties of fluorinated epitaxial graphene with an electric bias". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2014. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1598.

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Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal that there is notable variation of the electron density of states in valence bands near the Fermi level. Evolution of the electronic structure of fluorinated graphene as a function ofthe applied electric bias is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the tailoring of electronic band structure correlates with the interlayer coupling tuned by the applied bias. The change in the work function of fluorinated graphene demonstrates the ability of fluorination to modify electron emissions characteristics of graphene.

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Upadhyay, Sneha R. "Investigation of Possible Exchange Bias in L10 MnGa/ θ-MnN Bilayers". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1544106639347172.

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Marquis, Jared Wayne. "Estimating optically-thin cirrus cloud induced cold bias on infrared radiometric satellite sea surface temperature retrieval in the tropics". Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10163609.

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Passive longwave infrared radiometric satellite-based retrievals of sea surface temperature (SST) at instrument nadir are investigated for cold bias caused by unscreened optically-thin cirrus (OTC) clouds (cloud optical depth ≤ 0.3; COD). Level 2 split-window SST retrievals over tropical oceans (30° S - 30° N) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) radiances collected aboard the NASA Aqua satellite (Aqua-MODIS) are collocated with cloud profiles from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument, mounted on the independent NASA CALIPSO satellite. OTC are present in approximately 25% of tropical quality-assured (QA) Aqua-MODIS Level-2 data, representing over 99% of all contaminating cirrus found. This results in cold-biased SST retrievals using either split- (MODIS, AVHRR and VIIRS) or triple-window (AVHRR and VIIRS only) retrieval methods. SST retrievals are modeled based on operational algorithms using radiative transfer model simulations conducted with a hypothetical 1.5 km thick OTC cloud placed incrementally from 10.0 - 18.0 km above mean sea level for cloud optical depths (COD) between 0.0 - 0.3. Corresponding cold bias estimates for each sensor are estimated using relative Aqua-MODIS cloud contamination frequencies as a function of cloud top height and COD (assuming them consistent across each platform) integrated within each corresponding modeled cold bias matrix. Split-window relative OTC cold biases, for any single observation, range from 0.40° - 0.49° C for the three sensors, with an absolute (bulk mean) bias between 0.10° - 0.13° C. Triple-window retrievals are more resilient, ranging from 0.03° - 0.04° C relative and 0.11° - 0.16° C absolute. Cold biases are constant across the Pacific and Indian Ocean domains. Absolute bias is smaller over the Atlantic, but relative bias is larger due to different cloud properties indicating that this issue persists globally.

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Lenoir, Benjamin. "Accéléromètre électrostatique à biais corrigé pour le test de la loi de gravitation à l'échelle du Système Solaire". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736620.

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La trajectoire des sondes spatiales, calculée à partir des informations obtenues avec le lien radio, est un outil important pour la conduite des missions spatiales ainsi que pour le test de la loi de gravitation dans le Système Solaire. L'ajout d'un accéléromètre à bord d'une sonde fournit aux scientifiques une information supplémentaire d'un grand intérêt puisqu'il mesure la valeur de l'accélération non-gravitationnelle de la sonde, c'est-à-dire sa déviation par rapport à un mouvement géodésique. Des accéléromètres électrostatiques sont actuellement utilisés sur plusieurs missions de géodésie. Cette thèse est centrée sur le Gravity Advanced Package, un instrument composé d'un accéléromètre électrostatique et d'une platine rotative. Cette évolution technologique permet de faire des mesures d'accélération non-gravitationnelle sans biais. Cela est essentiel pour le succès scientifique d'une mission interplanétaire du point de vue du test de la gravitation. En effet, en mesurant sans biais l'accélération non-gravitationnelle d'une sonde interplanétaire et en utilisant ces mesures dans le processus de restitution d'orbite, il est possible de tester la gravitation de manière non ambiguë. Avec les technologies présentées dans cette thèse, l'accélération non-gravitationnelle d'une sonde spatiale peut être mesurée avec une précision de 1 pm.s^{-2} pour un temps d'intégration de 3 heures. Ces mesures, utilisées conjointement avec les données issues du lien radio, permettent d'obtenir une précision de 10^{-11} m.s^{-2} sur la loi de gravitation avec un arc de 21 jours.

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Bailly-Bechet, Marc. "Biais de codons et régulation de la traduction chez les bactéries et leurs phages". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200730.

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Cette thèse regroupe des travaux concernant le biais d'usage de codons et son rôle chez les bactéries et leurs phages, en particulier sur les processus de traduction et l'organisation des génomes bactériens. Après une introduction portant sur i) la traduction chez les procaryotes, et ii) les techniques de classification et leurs liens avec la théorie de l'information, un nouvel algorithme de partition d'un ensemble de gènes en fonction de leur usage de codons est présenté. Son application aux génomes d'E. coli et de B. subtilis permet de mettre en évidence plusieurs phénomènes. Le génome de ces organismes se décompose respectivement en 4 et 5 groupes de gènes ayant des usages de codons distincts. Les gènes du même groupe tendent à partager des fonctions similaires, et sont organisés sur le chromosome en domaines cohérents d'une longueur de 10 à 15 gènes. Cette organisation non triviale pourrait permettre une régulation de la vitesse de traduction des gènes en fonction de leur similarité avec leur environnement génétique.
Dans la seconde partie le biais de codons et le contenu en ARN de transfert (ARNt) de bactériophages sont analysés, comparativement à ceux de leurs hôtes. L'étude statistique montre que le contenu en ARNt des phages n'est pas aléatoire, mais biaisé en faveur d'ARNt complémentaires aux codons fréquents dans le génome du phage. Un modèle d'équation maîtresse montre que cette distribution des ARNt au sein des génomes de phages pourrait être le résultat de deux processus : l'acquisition aléatoire par le phage d'ARNt, parmi ceux de l'hôte, et la perte préférentielle des ARNt correspondants à des codons moins utilisés par le phage que par son hôte. Un tel mécanisme permettrait au phage de s'adapter en ne conservant au final que les ARNt présents en quantité insuffisante chez son hôte pendant l'infection. Finalement, on observe plus d'ARNt chez les phages lytiques que chez les tempérés, laissant supposer que les processus de traduction sont soumis à une plus forte pression de sélection chez eux.

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Biswas, Sutapa. "Magnetism and Associated Exchange Bias Effects in Mn2Ni1+xGa1-x Heusler Alloys and Selected Fe Doped Derivatives". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1596051931485739.

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Chon, David. "Exchange bias in magnetically coupled CoO/Co bilayer measured with magnetic hysteresis loop and magnetotransport". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1522621.

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The temperature dependence of the exchange bias effect, a phenomenon due to the interfacial exchange coupling at the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic (AFM-FM) interface, is studied experimentally using CoO/Co bilayers with two different methods: magnetic hysteresis loop and magnetotransport. The exchange bias coupling in the CoO/Co gives rise to induce unidirectional anisotropy in the Co layer causing a shift in the magnetic hysteresis loops. The experimental results show that the exchange bias field decreases with increasing temperature and depends on the Co thicknesses. The exchange bias shift is inversely proportional to the ferromagnetic film thickness confirming that it is an interfacial effect. The large training effect in hysteresis loops indicates that the hysteresis loop method underestimates the unidirectional anisotropy induced by the exchange coupling. The exchange bias is also determined by measuring the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR). While previous measurements relied on two separate apparati for comparison, this experiment demonstrates that hysteresis loop measurements and AMR measurements can be performed in one system, the automated Physical Property Measurement System by Quantum Design. A greater magnitude in the exchange anisotropy energy is observed for measurements made with AMR compared to that of the hysteresis loop measurements.

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Albagami, Abdullah Mohamed. "AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE MAGNETIC AND EXCHANGE BIAS PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MN RICH NI-MN-GA BASED HEUSLER ALLOYS". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1467158012.

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Bonfiglio, Chelsea. "Tearing Down the Wall: Identification of Biases as a First Step in Building a Team Mentality and Preparing Physician Assistant, Social Work, Nursing, and Medical Students to Participate in Interprofessional Education and Practice". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/603590.

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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.
The Institute of Medicine’s landmark study on patient care outcomes, A Bridge to Quality, called for interprofessional education and practice that prepares healthcare students from different healthcare professions to collaborate for optimal patient safety. Additional benefits of interprofessional education include increased patient satisfaction and provider job satisfaction. Despite this knowledge, IPE interventions are not widely instituted in health professions education. In July of 2013, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education released a common standard for IPE in the US due to the realization that collaboration will play a large role in the careers of students across the health professions. More research is needed to demonstrate what components, sequencing, and frequency of interprofessional education contributes the greatest value to the competency goals established by the Interprofessional Education Collaborative. This study aims to determine if a novel curricular component, a program entitled, the “Medical Wall,” is able to demonstrate a positive impact on students’ interest and value for interprofessional education, and if the activity has a significant effect on student’s knowledge of barriers to effective team communication and collaboration, and their attitudes regarding the values and ethics of interprofessional collaboration as it relates to patient care. 196 MD, BSN and PA students were randomized into intervention and control groups. All students randomized into the intervention group were further randomized into mixed‐professions small groups who participated in the Medical Wall program, while their peers in the control group completed an alternate and unrelated activity. All participants took the validated pre‐ and post Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale survey to determine if there was significant intervention impact. The learning scale assessed four categories: Teamwork, Negative Professional Identity, Positive Professional Identity and Roles and Responsibilities. The “The Medical Wall” IPE intervention resulted in significant improvement in two out of four categories of the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale compared to controls (p value set at <0.05). These results indicate that participation in a brief interprofessional education intervention is effective for enhancing Nursing, Physician Assistant, and M

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41

Joly, Simon. "Etude des distributions angulaires d'absorption et d'autodoublage de fréquence du cristal biaxe monoclinique YCa4O(BO3)3 dopé avec des ions Nd 3+". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486685.

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Ce travail de thèse concerne de nouveaux développements fondamentaux en optique cristalline linéaire et non linéaire des milieux biaxes. Il s'agit de l'étude de la distribution angulaire du coefficient d'absorption en lumière polarisée d'une part, et de l'auto-doublage de fréquence d'autre part, cette dernière propriété combinant à la fois l'effet laser et la génération de second harmonique dans le même cristal. Ces deux aspects ont été abordés avec le cristal biaxe monoclinique Ca4YO(BO3)3 dopé avec des ions Nd3+ (YCOB : Nd) et usiné en forme de sphère. Grâce à l'étude de la distribution angulaire de l'absorption dans le plan miroir de YCOB : Nd, nous avons montré, pour la première fois à notre connaissance, que dans un cristal monoclinique l'angle entre le repère d'absorption et le repère diélectrique dépend fortement de la transition électronique considérée. Ce résultat fondamental, propre aux cristaux monocliniques et tricliniques, a des conséquences pratiques importantes : en effet, il sera nécessaire de connaître l'orientation du repère d'absorption ou de fluorescence pour chaque longueur d'onde considérée lorsqu'il s'agira de concevoir un laser à partir d'un cristal monoclinique ou triclinique. La mesure de la distribution angulaire de l'absorption dans toutes directions de YCOB : Nd a montré que la topologie correspondante est décrite par deux nappes relatives aux deux modes de polarisation, nappes qui sont en contact selon des lignes continues définissant ainsi un continuum de directions pour lesquelles l'absorption ne dépend pas de la polarisation. Ces directions particulières pourraient trouver un intérêt dans le cadre de la gestion de la thermique vis-à-vis de l'absorption. Ces résultats sont totalement originaux et sont généralisables à tout cristal biaxe, qu'il soit orthorhombique, monoclinique ou triclinique. Conscients de la complexité d'optimiser à la fois les propriétés d'absorption, de fluorescence et d'accord de phase, nous avons conçu une méthode de caractérisation directe des propriétés d'autodoublage de fréquence, le cristal étudié étant usiné en forme de sphère puis placé entre deux miroirs. Dans ces conditions, nous avons montré qu'il est possible de mesurer directement toutes les directions d'accord de phase d'autodoublage de fréquence avec un seul échantillon du cristal à l'étude. C'est aussi la première démonstration, à notre connaissance, d'un laser dont le milieu à gain est sphérique.

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Zheng, Zheng. "Constraining galaxy bias and cosmology using galaxy clustering data". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1092257217.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xix, 302 p. : ill. (some col.). Advisor: David H. Weinberg, Department of Astronomy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 291-302).

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43

Thevenard, Laura. "Etude des propriétés ferromagnétiques de (Ga,Mn)As par le biais de l'hydrogène". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165545.

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Le (Ga,Mn)As est un matériau de choix pour l'électronique de spin, étant à la fois semiconducteur et ferromagnétique, à la suite de l'interaction d'échange entre les spins des atomes de manganèse (3d5-4s2), et ceux des trous qu'ils apportent. Sa température de Curie (Tc) se situe typiquement entre 50 et 150 K.
Afin de découpler les dopages magnétique ([Mn]) et électrique (p), une technique de passivation par hydrogène a été développée, pour former des complexes (Mn,H) électriquement neutres. Ses effets magnétiques (apparition d'une phase paramagnétique), électriques (diminution de p) et structuraux sur la couche ont tout d'abord été étudiés.
Puis, des échantillons de dopage croissant ont été fabriqués grâce à ce procédé, pour des couches en tension ou en compression. Un bon accord avec les prévisions de la théorie de champ moyen a été obtenu pour l'évolution de leur anisotropie magnétique, et de leurs Tc en fonction de la contrainte épitaxiale, et de la densité de porteurs.
Une dernière étude s'est penchée sur les domaines magnétiques et les mécanismes de renversement d'aimantation de couches continues, puis de microstructures monodomaines aimantées perpendiculairement au plan. Un procédé de passivation locale par hydrogénation a été développé pour structurer magnétiquement des couches de (Ga,Mn)As (taille minimale des motifs ~ 200 nm). Il a entre autres permis d'abaisser fortement les champs de retournement d'aimantation de réseaux de plots microniques, par rapport à ceux obtenus dans des structures fabriquées par gravure. Enfin, des résultats préliminaires de déplacement de parois de domaines par un champ magnétique ou un courant polarisé ont été obtenus dans des pistes structurées par hydrogénation.

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44

Valiquette, Sheri. "The effects of the gymnast's body shape on the judging of gymnastics /". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26764.

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The purpose of this study was to discover whether the gymnasts' body shape affects the judging of gymnastics. The goal was to discover whether the judges' perceptions of the gymnasts' body shape related to the gymnasts' performance scores. A second goal was to discover whether performance scores differed when given by judges with two levels of experience (experienced and novice). Videotapes of compulsory routines performed by 16 gymnasts on bars, beam and floor were constructed to simulate a competition. Eighteen judges, nine novice and nine experienced, evaluated the routines. They were also required to rate their perception of the aesthetic appeal of the 16 gymnasts' body shape. Each gymnasts' body mass index (BMI) was calculated from their height and weight measurements to quantify body shape. The scores were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed a significant main effect of BMI on judges' perception of gymnasts' body shape scores, $F(3,48)=9.50, p<.001.$ Gymnasts with a medium-low BMI received significantly higher perception scores than gymnasts with a medium-high BMI and gymnasts with a high BMI. The results also showed a significant main effect $(p<.001)$ of BMI on performance scores. Gymnasts with a high BMI received higher performance scores than those gymnasts with a low BMI, medium-low BMI and medium-high BMI. The effect of judge experience was very close to significant $(p<.059)$ in relation to performance scores. Experienced judges gave lower performance scores than novice judges. Although all judges preferred smaller body shape, this preference did not affect the performance scores award by the judges.

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Wraight, Kenneth. "From the sublime to the ridiculous : top physics and minimum bias events in the ATLAS detector at the LHC". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2723/.

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This thesis is comprised of two separate physics themes, both of which involve the ATLAS detector situated at the LHC at CERN. The first constituent is a study of the top quark signal in the fully-leptonic channel for proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 10 TeV. Here an event counting analysis is performed based on Monte Carlo simulation. This is supplemented by a study into one of the sources of systematic error. The second component is forward-backward correlations in minimum bias events. For this, there is a Monte Carlo hadron-level comparison of the correlation for 900 GeV centre-of-mass collisions, followed by a comparison of Monte Carlo predictions to data for 900 GeV and 7 TeV collisions. Top Physics A measurement of the fully-leptonic ttbar cross-section in the three decay channels ee, mumu, and emu is performed on ATLAS produced fully simulated pseudo-event data-samples. Selection rates for signal and background events consistent with ATLAS results are found along with the kinematic distributions of selected events. A calculation of the non-hadronic ttbar cross-section, based on the measured cross-sections, will then return the theoretical value of 217:06pb used to generate the original samples, showing the closure of the pseudo-analysis process. A more detailed study is made of the systematic uncertainty arising from variations in the initial (ISR) and final (FSR) state showering models, based on the Pythia event generator. A fast simulation of the ATLAS detector is used with similar object and event selection to the fully simulated case. The effect of ISR variations on the signal is found to be negligible as it is washed out in the subsequent decays of the ttbar system. However, the effect of FSR is found to cause 5% uncertainty in the selected signal events. In addition, in the main background of each of the selection channels the effect of FSR is found to produce variations of up to 30% in well populated channels. The variations in signal and background measurements will then be used to calculate a new estimate of the systematics on the measured ttbar cross-section for each channel. Minimum Bias A detailed study of the forward-backward (FB) correlation and event shapes of a selection of Pythia tunes for pp collisions with CoM = 900 GeV is performed. This includes an investigation into the sources of particle production in generated minimum bias events as well as the component sub-processes in generated minimum bias events. The tunes are found to be practically degenerate (within 10 - 20% variation) for the 'standard' distributions. The inclusion of a new observable, namely the forward-backward correlation, to the standard set is recommended. The study finds that the FB-correlation and its pT and dependent variations are able to discern differences between the selected tunes to a greater degree than the usual inclusive distributions. Further, the FB-correlation is found to be sensitive to the particle production processes within the tunes, an invaluable property for the purposes of generator tuning. A measurement of the forward-backward correlation for pp collision of CoM = 900 GeV and 7 TeV at the LHC using the ATLAS detector is made. The measured correlation is compared to the predicted correlation of several ATLAS centrally produced generator tunes. A correction procedure is developed and validated on the generator samples to correct the generated correlation to the hadron-level correlation. This is then applied to the measured correlation and a comparison of corrected data to the hadron-level predictions of the generated tunes made. The corrected correlations at the two collision energies are compared as well as the calculation of a global correlation at both energies. The measured and corrected correlations are found to lie above the predicted distributions at both energies and across the eta-range. Further investigation of measured correlation using augmented FB-correlations is recommended.

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46

Bayne, Alison M. "Relationships between Incivility and Physical Health: The Mediating Effect of Sleep and Moderating Effects of Hostile Attribution Bias and Rumination in a Sample of Nurses". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1447257217.

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47

Feng, Zi Min 1982. "Current fluctuations driven by a sudden turn-off of external bias". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101845.

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The purpose of this thesis is to report a theoretical investigation on the current-current correlation and noise in the tmnsient quantum transport regime. In particular, we calculate current correlations when the bias voltage of a LDL quantum device is suddenly turned off. Namely, we consider the situation that when time t < 0 the device is in a steady-state under bias Vb, when t > 0 the bias is turned off to zero. Under such a bias, the transport current l goes from a finite steady-state value 10 at t < 0 to zero at large times. When electronic structure of the leads as well as well as the device scattering region are to be taken into account, it is a difficult problem to calculate the time dependent current-current correlation. However, for the sharp step-down bias shape, we discover that the time-dependent problem can be solved exactly for non-interacting systems.

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Kapalko, Ellen. "Fashion in the classroom and perceptions of instructor attraction and credibility". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1995.

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Amorim, Valquiria Gila de. "Gênero e educação superior: perspectivas de alunas de física". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9887.

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Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-05-16T13:57:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 1290519 bytes, checksum: 35183282e57a26a6ec20882f9b86366b (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T13:57:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 1290519 bytes, checksum: 35183282e57a26a6ec20882f9b86366b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Physics is a predominantly male field, and the reasons for this absence of women in the field are not sufficiently recognized or investigated, especially in Brazil. This dissertation aimed to analyze the experiences of inclusion and exclusion undergone by female students acquiring an undergraduate degree in Physics at Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Brazil. The theoretical approach was based on feminist and gender studies and cultural studies of science, which are interdisciplinary. The methodological approach was qualitative and two strategies of data collection were used in order to analyze the influence of family members and teachers in the choice of Physics, and their formative trajectory at the university: face-to-face and online structured interviews. However, male students’ perspectives were included to analyze the context of gender relations in the field of Physics, and how these relations may disadvantage women in contrast to men. Women's testimonies revealed embarrassing, debilitating and challenging experiences, as well as gender barriers, such as the chilly climate from the beginning, the male image of the Physicist, the lack of credibility of women in the field, and sexism and sexual harassment from male colleagues and professors. In conclusion, the data indicated that in order to remain in the Physics field, female students face gender stereotypes, prejudices, discrimination, sexism and sexual harassment, which remained invisible and naturalized in many situations.
A Física é um campo majoritariamente masculino, e as razões para essa ausência de mulheres não são suficientemente reconhecidas nem investigadas, principalmente no Brasil. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo analisar as experiências vivenciadas pelas alunas no curso de graduação de Física da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), o que as inclui e as exclui, como mulheres, em suas trajetórias. Os aportes teóricos utilizados provêm dos estudos feministas e de gênero e dos estudos culturais da ciência, que são interdisciplinares. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, sendo utilizadas duas estratégias de coleta de dados: entrevista estruturada presencial e online para analisar desde a influência dos familiares e professores/as na escolha do curso de Física até o percurso formativo na universidade. No entanto, foram incluídas vozes masculinas para colaborar a pensar sobre o contexto das relações de gênero no campo da Física e como essas relações podem desfavorecer as mulheres em contraste com os homens. As falas femininas revelaram experiências constrangedoras, debilitantes e desafiantes, bem como barreiras de gênero, entre elas: o clima frio na chegada ao curso, a imagem masculina do Físico, a falta de credibilidade das mulheres no campo, e a presença do sexismo e assédio sexual entre colegas e professores. Os dados apontam, em conclusão, que para permanecer no curso de Física as alunas enfrentam estereótipos de gênero, preconceitos, discriminações, sexismo e assédio sexual, que se apresentaram invisibilizados e naturalizados em muitas situações.

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Sacco, Donald Francis. "Facial attractiveness and helping behavior attributions attractive and unattractive persons are perceived of as unhelpful /". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1271776805.

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