Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Pile à hydrogène

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Pile à hydrogène”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 29 marca 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Pile à hydrogène"

Amrouche, Fethia, Bouziane Mahmah, Maiouf Belhamel i Hocine Benmoussa. "Modélisation d’une pile à combustible PEMFC alimentée directement en hydrogène-oxygène et validation expérimentale". Journal of Renewable Energies 8, nr 2 (31.12.2005): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v8i2.856.

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La pile à combustible (PAC) est connue depuis longtemps comme un convertisseur d’hydrogène en énergie (électrique + thermique) possédant de très bons rendements, les recherches sur cette technologie se développent partout dans le monde de manière considérable. Les raisons sont bien connues: la réponse aux contraintes environnementales, aux problèmes posés par la production centralisée d’électricité, la nécessité d’avoir des alternatives énergétiques (vecteur hydrogène) et certaines exigences technologiques spécifiques telles que les applications spatiales, sous-marines, électroniques portables, alimentation électrique de sites isolés et de microsystèmes. Il est certain que nous assisterons dans les prochaines décennies à l’émergence de la filière hydrogène dans notre vie quotidienne comme vecteur énergétique. Le choix de la technologie des piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFC) est implicite vu les performances intéressantes (faible poids, robuste, électrolyte solide, démarrage rapide, large gamme de puissance de 1 W à10 MW, etc.). Il est donc important de pousser encore plus loin les efforts de recherche/développement autour de cette technologie pour pouvoir la maîtriser et étendre son application. Cet article présente les résultats de la modélisation de la cinétique électrochimique et la production électrique des piles à combustible PEMFC alimentée directement en gaz pur (hydrogène et oxygène) et la validation expérimentale grâce à une base de données établie au niveau du ‘’Laboratoire d’Hydrogène en Réseau – CDER‘’, dans le but d’exploiter et d’améliorer les modèles électrochimiques existants.

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Sun, Xiaojie, Zhihan Tan, Xiaosong He, Hongxia Zhang, Beidou Xi, Hongtao Zhou i Hong Xiang Zhu. "Initial Active Phase of In-Vessel Composting of Sewage Sludge, Leaves and Rice Straw". Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, nr 1 (6.03.2022): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i01.009.

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This work studied the characteristics of leaf, rice straw, and sewage sludge (SS) co-composting with the aim of determining the best composting ratio by monitoring temperature changes, oxygen (O2) concentration, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, ammonia (NH3) concentration, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), heavy metal content, carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio), germination index (GI), moisture content (MC), and volatile solids (VS) content during the composting process. Three composting piles with the mixture ratios of 4:1:1 (Pile A), 5:1:1 (Pile B), and 6:1:1(Pile C) (SS: leaf: rice straw) were tested. According to the temperature, C/N ratio, germination index, MC, and VS, the level of compost maturity in Pile B with a 5:1:1 mixing ratio was higher than that in Piles A and C. The contents of heavy metals in the composts were shown to meet the grade A standard in CJ/T 309-2009 (2009), except Cu and Zn, which was within the grade B standard.

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Kong, Xianggang, You Yu, Shenggui Ma, Tao Gao, Chengjian Xiao i Xiaojun Chen. "Dissociation mechanism of H2 molecule on the Li2O/hydrogenated-Li2O (111) surface from first principles calculations". RSC Advances 7, nr 56 (2017): 35239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra05894b.

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Ahsan, Taosif, Charles P. S. Swanson, Chris Galea, Sangeeta P. Vinoth, Tony Qian, Tal Rubin i Samuel A. Cohen. "Analysis and Mitigation of Pulse-Pile-Up Artifacts in Plasma Pulse-Height X-ray Spectra". Plasma 6, nr 1 (2.02.2023): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma6010006.

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Pulse pile-up in pulse-height energy analyzers increases when the incident rate of pulses increases relative to the inverse of the dead time per pulse of the detection system. Changes in the observed energy distributions with incident rate and detector-electronics-formed pulse shape then occur. We focus on weak high energy tails in X-ray spectra, important for measurements on partially ionized, warm (50–500 eV average electron energy), pure hydrogen plasma. A first-principles two-photon pulse-pile-up model is derived specific to trapezoidal-shaped pulses; quantitative agreement is found between the measurements and the model’s predictions. The model is then used to diagnose pulse-pile-up tail artifacts and mitigate them in relatively low count-rate spectra.

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Hu, Linda I., Elizabeth A. Stohl i H. Steven Seifert. "The Neisseria gonorrhoeae type IV pilus promotes resistance to hydrogen peroxide- and LL-37-mediated killing by modulating the availability of intracellular, labile iron". PLOS Pathogens 18, nr 6 (17.06.2022): e1010561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010561.

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The Neisseria gonorrhoeae Type IV pilus is a multifunctional, dynamic fiber involved in host cell attachment, DNA transformation, and twitching motility. We previously reported that the N. gonorrhoeae pilus is also required for resistance against hydrogen peroxide-, antimicrobial peptide LL-37-, and non-oxidative, neutrophil-mediated killing. We tested whether the hydrogen peroxide, LL-37, and neutrophil hypersensitivity phenotypes in non-piliated N. gonorrhoeae could be due to elevated iron levels. Iron chelation in the growth medium rescued a nonpiliated pilE mutant from both hydrogen peroxide- and antimicrobial peptide LL-37-mediated killing, suggesting these phenotypes are related to iron availability. We used the antibiotic streptonigrin, which depends on free cytoplasmic iron and oxidation to kill bacteria, to determine whether piliation affected intracellular iron levels. Several non-piliated, loss-of-function mutants were more sensitive to streptonigrin killing than the piliated parental strain. Consistent with the idea that higher available iron levels in the under- and non-piliated strains were responsible for the higher streptonigrin sensitivity, iron limitation by desferal chelation restored resistance to streptonigrin in these strains and the addition of iron restored the sensitivity to streptonigrin killing. The antioxidants tiron and dimethylthiourea rescued the pilE mutant from streptonigrin-mediated killing, suggesting that the elevated labile iron pool in non-piliated bacteria leads to streptonigrin-dependent reactive oxygen species production. These antioxidants did not affect LL-37-mediated killing. We confirmed that the pilE mutant is not more sensitive to other antibiotics showing that the streptonigrin phenotypes are not due to general bacterial envelope disruption. The total iron content of the cell was unaltered by piliation when measured using ICP-MS suggesting that only the labile iron pool is affected by piliation. These results support the hypothesis that piliation state affects N. gonorrhoeae iron homeostasis and influences sensitivity to various host-derived antimicrobial agents.

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Sidestam, Patrik, Mats Karlberg i John Niska. "Modeling of Hydrogen Diffusion in Piled Slabs". Materials Science Forum 783-786 (maj 2014): 2201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2201.

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Hydrogen is harmful in steel which makes it important to reduce the hydrogen content. Piling slabs after casting gives a slow cooling which increases the diffusion out of the steel. Finite element modeling has been used to simulate this process where hydrogen solubility and phase dependent diffusivity can be taken into account. The hydrogen diffusion model is using STEELTEMP® 2D for the thermal analysis. Measurements of temperature and hydrogen content in piled slabs have been done and the calculations are in good agreement.

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INAGAKI, Yoshiyuki, Tetsuaki TAKEDA, Tetsuo NISHIHARA, Koji HAYASHI, Yoshitomo INABA, Hirofumi OHASHI i Takio MANO. "Out-of-Pile Test Program of HTTR Hydrogen Production System". Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2002.4 (2002): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2002.4.0_287.

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Lukomski, Andrew, Kamiel Gabriel, Igor Pioro i Greg Naterer. "ICONE19-43640 INTERMEDIATE DOUBLE-PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER FOR THERMOCHEMICAL HYDROGEN CO-GENERATION WITH SCW NPP". Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2011.19 (2011): _ICONE1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._icone1943_258.

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Jagodzinski, Yu, H. Hänninen, O. Tarasenko i S. Smuk. "Interaction of hydrogen with dislocation pile-ups and hydrogen induced softening of pure iron". Scripta Materialia 43, nr 3 (lipiec 2000): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(00)00398-5.

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Sanabria, Nancy R., Yury M. Peralta, Mardelly K. Montañez, Nelson Rodríguez-Valencia, Rafael Molina i Sonia Moreno. "Catalytic oxidation with Al–Ce–Fe–PILC as a post-treatment system for coffee wet processing wastewater". Water Science and Technology 66, nr 8 (1.10.2012): 1663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.410.

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The effluent from the anaerobic biological treatment of coffee wet processing wastewater (CWPW) contains a non-biodegradable compound that must be treated before it is discharged into a water source. In this paper, the wet hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation (WHPCO) process using Al–Ce–Fe–PILC catalysts was researched as a post-treatment system for CWPW and tested in a semi-batch reactor at atmospheric pressure and 25 °C. The Al–Ce–Fe–PILC achieved a high conversion rate of total phenolic compounds (70%) and mineralization to CO2 (50%) after 5 h reaction time. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of coffee processing wastewater after wet hydrogen peroxide catalytic oxidation was reduced in 66%. The combination of the two treatment methods, biological (developed by Cenicafé) and catalytic oxidation with Al-Ce–Fe–PILC, achieved a 97% reduction of COD in CWPW. Therefore, the WHPCO using Al–Ce–Fe–PILC catalysts is a viable alternative for the post-treatment of coffee processing wastewater.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Pile à hydrogène"

Chabane, Djafar. "Gestion énergétique d'un ensemble réservoir d'hydrogène à hydrure et une pile à combustible PEM". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCA010/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur les phénomènes inhérents au couplage d'un système de stockage d'hydrogène à base d'hydrures métalliques et d'une pile à combustible (PàC). Le but est de développer une loi de gestion optimale des flux (électriques, fluidiques, thermiques).Une étude poussée a été réalisée sur les différents moyens de production de l'hydrogène ainsi que les différentes méthodes de son stockage. Une large place est donnée à la caractérisation des hydrures au sein du réservoir. Ce travail a permis le développement d'une nouvelle méthode de caractérisation pour des réservoirs à hydrure. Cette dernière et a été mise en œuvre expérimentalement avec des processus de charges et de décharges effectués sur trois réservoirs contenant des hydrures différents. Compte tenu de la confidentialité du fabriquant, plusieurs données n'étaient pas accessibles expérimentalement. Ainsi, un modèle numérique du réservoir à hydrure a été réalisé dans l'environnement Comsol multiphysics. Dans une volonté de modéliser le couplage thermique entre la PàC et le réservoir à hydrure, un modèle 0D dans l'environnement Matlab Simulink d'un système comportant une pile à combustible, un réservoir à hydrure et un échangeur de chaleur a été réalisé. Ces développements ont abouti à la proposition et l'étude de deux topologies pour la gestion des échanges thermiques entre la PàC et le réservoir à hydrure de type AB : topologie série et topologie parallèle. Dans la topologie série le même fluide caloporteur circule dans le réservoir et dans la PàC ce qui veut dire que les deux composants ont les mêmes températures de fonctionnement. Ceci peut causer des difficultés d'opération de la PàC qui nécessite généralement des températures de fonctionnement plus élevées que celles du réservoir. La topologie parallèle, apporte la solution à ce problème en offrant la possibilité de deux températures distinctes de fonctionnement pour la PàC et le réservoir
This thesis deals with the phenomena inherent in the coupling of a hydrogen storage system based on metal hydrides and a fuel cell. The aim is to develop an optimal flow management law (electrical, fluidic, thermal).A detailed study was carried out on the various means of hydrogen production and the different methods of its storage. A large place is given to the characterization of the hydrides within the reservoir. This work allowed the development of a new characterization method for hydride tanks. The latter was experimentally carried out with charge and discharge processes carried out on three reservoirs containing different hydrides. Given the manufacturer's confidentiality, several data were not accessible experimentally. Thus, a numerical model of the hydride tank was carried out in the multiphysics Comsol environment. In order to model the thermal coupling between the fuel cell and the hydride tank, an OD model in the Matlab Simulink environment of a fuel cell, hydride tank and heat exchanger system was realized. These developments resulted in the proposal and study of two topologies for the management of heat exchanges between the fuel cell and the type AB hydride tank: series topology and parallel topology. In the series topology, the same heat transfer fluid circulates in the reservoir and in the fuel cell, which means that the two components have the same operating temperatures. This can cause difficulties in the operation of the POC which generally requires higher operating temperatures than those of the tank. The parallel topology provides the solution to this problem by offering the possibility of two distinct operating temperatures for the PàC and the tank

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Rodriguez, Julien. "Production d'hydrogène par photocatalyse et conversion électrochimique dans une pile à combustible". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978688.

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Le contexte énergétique actuel est favorable au développement de sources renouvelables d'énergie électrique. Cette étude reporte l'alimentation directe d'une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de proton par de l'hydrogène issue de réactions photocatalytiques de reformage et de déshydrogénation d'alcools. Le méthanol est utilisé comme molécule modèle. La vitesse de production en hydrogène a été optimisée en jouant sur des paramètres intrinsèques aux systèmes photocatalytiques, telles que la concentration en catalyseur (TiO2), la teneur en cocatalyseur (nanoparticules de platine), l'influence du flux de photons, la température, la vitesse d'agitation ou encore le choix du photocatalyseur. Aussi, une méthode de synthèse hydrothermale permettant l'obtention d'une grande variété de TiO2 monophasiques et polyphasiques, avec des compositions et des structures cristallines différentes, a été utilisée. Le dépôt du cocatalyseur (Pt) a été appliqué à partir de différentes méthodes (photodépôt, imprégnation à humidité naissante et à échange d'ions). Les activités photocatalytiques des catalyseurs ont été reliées à leurs propriétés physicochimiques. Les performances de la pile à combustible sous hydrogène photocatalytique, ont été suivies. Finalement, une expérience réalisée directement sous irradiation solaire a permis de maintenir une puissance électrique, ramenée à la surface optique des photoréacteurs, de 1 mW.cm-2 sur plusieurs heures.

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Challet, Sylvain. "Stockage de l'hydrogène dans les hydrures métalliques pour l'alimentation en hydrogène de véhicules à pile à combustible". Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002314920204611&vid=upec.

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Le stockage d'hydrogène reste un défi pour son utilisation comme carburant dans les applications mobiles. Malgré une masse élevée, le stockage dans les hydrures métalliques présente des avantages en terme de sécurité et de capacité volumique. Dans ce travail, plusieurs familles d'hydrures ont été étudiées pour répondre au cahier des charges d'un réservoir principal ou d'un réservoir tampon de démarrage à froid. Les propriétés thermodynamiques des hydrures type LaNi5 et TiFe ont été ajustées par le jeu de substitutions permettant d'obtenir des composés potentiellement utilisables dans ces deux types de réservoirs. Afin d'augmenter la capacité massique, l'influence de l'élément M sur les propriétés thermodynamiques d'hydrures plus légers de type solution solide Ti-V-M (M=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni) a été étudiée montrant de bonnes propriétés d'hydrogénation pour le composé au fer. Enfin, la découverte de la réactivité vis-à-vis de l'hydrogène du composé Ti3Si ouvre une nouvelle voie
Hydrogen storage remains an issue for its use in mobile applications. Despite its weight, storage in metal hydrides presents advantages in term of safety and volumic capacity. In this work, several families of hydrides have been studied to answer to the working conditions of a main tank or a buffer tank for cold start. The thermodynamic properties of LaNi5 and TiFe type hydrides have been adjusted by suitable substitutions allowing to obtain potentially usable compounds for both kinds of tanks. In order to increase the weight capacity, the effect of M element on thermodynamics properties of lighter hydrides based on Ti-V-M solid solutions (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) has been studied showing the best hydrogenation properties for the Fe compound. Finally, the discovery of hydrogen reactivity of the Ti3Si compound opens new routes

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Piffard, Maxime. "Conception d’observateurs pour la commande d’un système pile à combustible embarqué en vue d’optimiser performances et durabilité". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI121/document.

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Les piles à combustibles sont considérées comme une énergie d’avenir, notamment grâce à leur caractère non polluant à l’usage. Cependant, le déploiement de ces solutions à grande échelle est encore conditionné par l’amélioration de leurs performances et surtout de leur durabilité afin de garantir une industrialisation à faible coût. L’application de la pile à combustible au domaine des transports impose en plus un fonctionnement à puissance variable, ce qui complique l’amélioration des performances et de la durabilité. L’approche retenue pour ces travaux consiste en la conception d’une loi de gestion du système qui génère les conditions opératoires optimales à appliquer au stack (pressions, température, courant, stoechiométries) en fonction de la demande en puissance, de l’état de santé de la pile (perte de surface active) et du taux d’humidité actuel. L’optimalité est entendue au sens de l’augmentation du rendement système et de la diminution des dégradations du platine et de la membrane. Cette loi se base sur des modèles de dégradations et de performances d’un système pile à combustible. Cette loi de gestion requiert pour fonctionner les données de l’état de santé de la pile et du taux d’humidité. L’évaluation de l’état de santé de la pile fait déjà l’objet de nombreux travaux de diagnostic. En revanche, le taux d’humidité doit être estimé par un observateur d’état car les capteurs d’humidité ne sont pas fiables pour une application transport. Pour cela, un observateur d’état a été développé pour estimer les humidités relatives dans les canaux du stack et aussi le chargement en eau de la membrane, la quantité d’hydrogène à l’anode ainsi que la saturation d’azote à l’anode. Cette dernière donnée permet de proposer une stratégie de purge pour une architecture dead-end basée sur la saturation d’azote, qui limite les pertes en hydrogène et réduit les dégradations liées à cette architecture
Fuel cells are considered as a promising source of energy for the future, thanks to their non-polluting aspect. However, the deployment of these solutions on a large scale is still conditioned by the improvement of their performance and especially of their durability in order to guarantee a low cost industrialization. The transport application also imposes a variable power demand, which complicates the improvement of performance and durability. The approach adopted for this work consists of the design of a system management law that generates the optimal operating conditions to be applied to the stack (pressures, temperature, current, stoichiometries) as a function of the power demand, the state of health (active surface loss) and current humidity. Optimality is understood in the sense of increasing system efficiency and decreasing the degradation of the membrane and the platinum dissolution. This law is based on degradation and performance models of a fuel cell system. This management law requires in real time the data of the state of health of the fuel cell and the humidity rate. The assessment of the state of health is already the subject of many diagnostic work. On the other hand, the humidity rate must be estimated by a state observer because the humidity sensors are not reliable for a transport application. Therefore, a state observer was developed to estimate the relative humidities in the stack channels and also the membrane water content, the hydrogen at the anode as well as the nitrogen saturation at the anode. This last data makes it possible to propose a purge strategy for a dead-end architecture, based on nitrogen saturation, which limits the losses in hydrogen and reduces the damage associated with this architecture

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Gerbaux, Luc. "Modélisation d'une pile à combustible de type hydrogène/air et validation expérimentale". Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0163.

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Mosdale, Renaut. "Etude et développement d'une pile à combustible hydrogène/oxygène en technologie électrolyte polymère solide". Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0116.

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La pile a combustible h#2/o#2 e. P. S. Apparait aujourd'hui comme etant l'un des meilleurs candidats au remplacement du moteur a explosion pour la traction automobile. Ce systeme utilise la recombinaison electrochimique, non explosive, d'hydrogene et d'oxygene. C'est donc un generateur electrique propre dont le seul produit de reaction est de l'eau. Cette these presente une etude theorique de ce systeme, la synthese et la caracterisation de differents type d'electrodes, et enfin une analyse des mouvements d'eau dans l'electrolyte par differentes techniques originales

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Rabih, Samer. "Contribution à la modélisation de systèmes réversibles de types électrolyseur et pile à hydrogène en vue de leur couplage aux générateurs photovoltaïques". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7731/1/rabih.pdf.

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Une réponse aux préoccupations actuelles suscitées par un bouquet énergétique principalement constitué de combustibles fossiles épuisables et nuisibles à l'environnement est de leur substituer peu à peu des sources d'énergies renouvelables, notamment solaires ou éoliennes. Cependant, ces énergies de flux à caractère intermittent posent un problème de valorisation. Elles sont souvent la source d'une électricité qui hérite de leurs fluctuations, dont le transport requiert un réseau, et qui constitue un vecteur peu aisé à stocker. Dans ce contexte l'hydrogène synthétisé à partir de cette électricité renouvelable pour la stocker est considéré comme un vecteur de stock prometteur pour le futur. Divers composants et procédés électrochimiques sont associés à cette perspective : électrolyseurs, piles à combustibles, associations des deux fonctions combinées dans le système ou intégrées dans un unique composant réversible. Notre travail se situe dans cette perspective. Il a contribué au développement de modèles avancés de composants électrochimiques de type électrolyseur ou piles à combustible, en intégrant la réversibilité en vue de l'étude de leur couplage aux générateurs photovoltaïques. Les modèles développés suivant une approche énergétique unifiée exploitent la représentation en bond graph. Après une analyse du contexte énergétique, un état de l’art des composants électrochimiques couplant hydrogène et électricité est présenté, plus particulièrement sur les électrolyseurs et sur les piles à combustible réversibles. Puis, après un rappel des principes de la représentation en Bond Graph, nous exploitons ce formalisme pour développer un modèle énergétique réversible de composant « électrolyseur et/ou pile à combustible», représentant au niveau macroscopique les phénomènes de conversion réactionnels et dissipatifs, couplés dans les domaines chimique, thermodynamique, électrique, fluidique et thermique. Des essais de caractérisation et de validation menés sur des petits dispositifs expérimentaux sont ensuite décrits. Ils permettent d'illustrer l’influence des paramètres opératoires sur les performances de ces composants. Enfin le modèle Bond Graph est exploité pour étudier la modularité des composants, notamment les déséquilibres électriques et thermiques dans les associations séries ou parallèles de piles à combustible ou d’électrolyseurs. Une architecture couplant ces éléments avec un générateur photovoltaïque pour alimenter une charge isolée ou un réseau électrique est enfin présentée.

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Vichard, Loic. "Contribution à l’étude du vieillissement des composants batterie et pile à combustible en usage réel". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA018.

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Les travaux de thèse sont associés au projet AsDeCoEUR (Analyses De Composants Energétiques en Usage Réel). Ce projet s’inscrit dans le contexte actuel de la mise en œuvre des nouvelles technologies de l’énergie pour la mobilité et porte plus spécifiquement sur l’étude des composants batterie et pile à combustible situés au coeur des chaines de traction électriques. Le projet souhaite s’appuyer sur les travaux déjà réalisés par les acteurs UTBM et IFSTTAR de la fédération de recherche FCLAB dans le projet Mobypost qui a permis l’expérimentation en usage réel sur deux sites de La Poste en région Franche-Comté d’une flotte de 10 véhicules électriques à pile à combustible et batterie.Pendant l’expérimentation Mobypost, tous les véhicules du projet enregistrent les nombreuses données physiques de leur chaine de traction. L’ensemble de ces informations constitue aujourd’hui une base très riche à exploiter. Dans le projet AsDeCoEUR, nous proposons une démarche scientifique menée autour d’un travail de thèse visant à comprendre le comportement dynamique, d'étudier le vieillissement et d'estimer l'état de santé des composants énergétiques batterie et pile à combustible en usage réel. Cette démarche est basée sur l’analyse des données enregistrées sur ces composants dans le projet Mobypost et est renforcée par des expérimentations spécifiques et maitrisées en laboratoire. La mise en oeuvre des compétences et des outils d’analyse numériques développés notamment pour les batteries par le laboratoire Ampère et l’IFSTTAR vise à comprendre et reproduire les phénomènes de dégradation des composants étudiés. Les travaux permettent au final, en associant les compétences des enseignants-chercheurs et chercheurs de l’UFC, de l’UTBM, de l’IFSTTAR et du laboratoire Ampère sur ce sujet, de contribuer à l’étude du vieillissement et d'estimer l'état de santé en usage réel des batteries et des piles à combustible ce qui constituent une avancée remarquable dans ce domaine, notamment en vue de l’industrialisation de véhicules équipés de ce type de composants
These thesis works are associated to the AsDeCoEUR project. This project is part of the current context of the development of new energy technologies for mobility and focuses more specifically on the study of battery and fuel cell components located in the heart of electric power train. The project is based on the work already carried out by the UTBM and IFSTTAR actors of the FCLAB research federation among the Mobypost project. Mobypost european project has allowed the experimentation of a fleet of 10 fuel cell electric vehicles under actual operating conditions on two postal platforms in the Franche-Comté region.During the Mobypost experiment, a deep monorting was performed on all the vehicles so numerous physical data of their power train were recorded. All of these information now constitutes a very rich database to exploit. Among the AsDeCoEUR project, we propose a scientific approach carried out around a thesis work wich aims at understanding dynamic behavior, studying aging and estimating the state of health of batteries and fuel cells in real use. This approach is based on the analysis of the data recorded on these components among the Mobypost project and is reinforced by specific experiments set up in the laboratory. The implementation of skills and digital analysis tools developed especially for batteries by the Ampère laboratory and IFSTTAR aims at understanding and reproducing the degradation phenomena. The works should finally allow, by combining the skills of UFC, UTBM, IFSTTAR and Ampère laboratory researchers, to contribute to the study of batteries and fuel cells aging and to estimate their state of health under actual operating conditions. This constitutes a remarkable advance in this field, particularly with a view to the industrialization of vehicles equipped with this type of component

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Iosub, Vasile. "Développement et optimisation d'une unité de stockage de l'ydrogène sur hydrures métalliques utilisée dans les systèmes stationnaires de pile à combustible". Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002109170204611&vid=upec.

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Le travail effectué a commencé par une étude approfondie de la bibliographie sur l'application des hydrures métalliques comme matériau de stockage solide de l'hydrogène. Cette étude a permis de cerner deux familles de composés intermétalliques aptes à répondre à la demande de l'application envisagée : les composés de type AB5 avec une composition MmNi5-xSnx (Mm appelé mischmetal, est un mélange de La, Ce, Nd et Pr obtenu directement à partir du minerai) ainsi que les composés de type AB2 avec une composition Zr1-pTipMn2-r-sNirVs. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons cherché à optimiser les propriétés d'absorption de l'hydrogène en jouant sur la composition et la structure de ces matériaux. En outre, une étude de cinétique et de vieillissement en cyclage a été faite. A partir des résultats expérimentaux obtenus, nous avons pu déterminer de nouvelles relations composition - structure - propriétés thermodynamiques afin de pouvoir adapter d'autres types de compostions au cahier des charges
The work bas started with a thorough study of tbe bibliography on the metal hydrides application as hydrogen storage materials in solid gas process. This study has made possible to determine two familles of intermetallic compounds able to reach the needs of the specific application: the AB5-type compounds with MmNi5-xSnx compositions (Mm stands for mischmetal, a mixture of La, Ce, Nd and Pr as well as tbe AB2-type compounds with Zr-pTipMn2-r-sNirVs compositions. In a second time we have tried to optimise hydrogen absorption properties by modifying the alloy composition and structure. Moreover, a study of the kinetics and ageing during cycling was made. From the experimental results, new relations composition - structure - thermodvnamic properties bave been determined in order to adapt other types of hvdrogen storage materials to the specifications

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Miachon, Sylvain. "Développement d'une pile à combustible hydrogène/oxygène à électrolyte polymère solide de 100 cm2 à hydratation interne". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10048.

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Une pile a combustible h#2/o#2 a electrolyte polymere solide se decompose en deux parties: le cur de pile, assemblage de la membrane et des electrodes accolees d'une part, et le dispositif de confinement et de distribution des gaz d'autre part. Cette these est consacree a cette derniere composante, la cellule, qui permet aussi la collecte du courant et l'evacuation de l'eau produite. Une recherche bibliographique permet de degager les avantages et inconvenients des systemes classiques a hydratation externe et distribution des gaz a canaux. Une etude theorique succincte explicite les causes des pertes de rendement dues a la cellule afin de les minimiser. Par ailleurs, l'introduction du parametre emport-vapeur facilite la conduite de notre systeme a hydratation interne. Enfin sont presentees les differentes realisations experimentales qui ont permis l'amelioration progressive des performances. On obtient finalement celles correspondant aux plus elevees de la litterature, mais sur une surface de 100 cm#2, avec une gestion simplifiee de l'eau et des gaz. Un montage en petit empilement de deux curs presente des performances aussi elevees pour chacune des deux piles que celles de la cellule unite

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Książki na temat "Pile à hydrogène"

Canada, Canada Ressources naturelles. L' industrie canadienne de l'hydrogène et des piles à combustible: De l'énergie sans pollution pour le XXIe siècle. Ottawa, Ont: Ressources naturelles Canada, 2001.

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F, Dewsnap R., i Great Britain. Dept. of Energy., red. A Review of information on hydrogen induced cracking and sulphide stress corrosion cracking in linepipe steels: Report. London: H.M.S.O., 1987.

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Canada, Canada Industrie, red. Vers une stratégie nationale sur l'hydrogène et les piles à combustible: Un document de discussion pour le Canada. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Industrie Canada, 2005.

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Canada. Groupe consultatif national sur les sciences et technologies relatives à l'énergie durable. Construire des alliances puissantes: Priorités et orientations en sciences et en technologies énergétiques au Canada : rapport du Groupe consultatif national sur les sciences et technologies relatives à l'énergie durable. [Ottawa]: Groupe consultatif national sur les sciences et technologies relatives à l'énergie durable, 2006.

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(Editor), Dr Nigel Brandon, i Dr David Thompsett (Editor), red. Fuel Cells Compendium. Elsevier Science, 2005.

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Impacting Commercialization of Rapid Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles. SAE International, 2016.

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Evaluation of Pipeline Steels for Resistance to Stepwise Cracking. AMPP, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/nace_tm0284-1987.

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Scope Absorption of hydrogen generated by corrosion of steel in wet hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can have several effects, depending upon the properties of the steel, the characteristics of the environment, and other variables. One adverse effect observed in pipeline steels is the development of cracks along the rolling direction of the steel. Cracks on one plane tend to link up with cracks on adjacent planes to form “steps” across the thickness. The cracks can reduce the effective wall thickness until the pipe is overstressed and ruptures. Cracking is sometimes accompanied by surface blistering. Several service failures attributed to such cracking have been reported. The terms “hydrogen-induced cracking” (HIC), “hydrogen pressure cracking,” “blister cracking,” and “hydrogen-induced stepwise cracking” are used to describe cracking of this type in pipeline steels. The term “stepwise cracking” is used in this standard to ‘distinguish the phenomenon that has been observed in pipeline steels from other types of hydrogen-induced cracking. This test method describes procedures for evaluating the resistance of pipeline steels to stepwise cracking induced by hydrogen absorption from aqueous sulfide corrosion. The test is applicable to line pipe with wall thicknesses of 5 to 30 mm. The test procedure consists of exposing unstressed coupons to a solution of synthetic seawater saturated with hydrogen sulfide at ambient temperature and pressure at a pH in the range of 4.8 to 5.4. After a specified time, the coupons are removed and evaluated.

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L' économie hydrogène: Après la fin du pétrole, la nouvelle révolution économique. Paris: La Découverte, 2002.

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Lee, Beom-Goo. Removal of fungal stain from ponderosa pine sapwood using peroxide and caustic bleaches. 1994.

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Li, Hui, Haijiang Wang, Dmitri Bessarabov i Nana Zhao. PEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production: Principles and Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Części książek na temat "Pile à hydrogène"

Huston, David L., Crystal Laflamme, Georges Beaudoin i Stephen Piercey. "Light Stable Isotopes in Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Ore Systems". W Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 245–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_9.

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AbstractVolcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits, the ancient analogues of “black smoker” deposits that currently form on the seafloor, are the products of complex mineral systems involving the interaction of seawater with the underlying volcanic pile and associated magmatic intrusions. Light stable isotopes, particularly those of oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur, have had a strong influence in determining sources of ore fluids and sulfur as well as elucidating geological processes important in the VHMS mineral systems. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope data indicate that evolved seawater was the dominant ore-forming fluid in VHMS mineral systems through geological time, although a small proportion of deposits, including high sulfidation and tin-rich deposits, may have a significant, or dominant, magmatic-hydrothermal fluid component. Higher-temperature (> 200 °C) interaction of evolved seawater alters the rock pile below the seafloor, producing δ18O depletion anomalies at the deposit and district scales that can be used as a vector to ore. In contrast, lower-temperature hydrothermal alteration results in δ18O-enriched zones that commonly cap mineralized positions. An apparent decrease in the degree of high temperature 18O depletion with time may relate to the increasing importance of felsic-dominated host successions in younger deposits. δ18O anomalies have potential as an exploration tool, and have contributed directly to discovery. The other important contribution of stable isotopes to understanding the VHMS mineral system is quantification of the contribution of sulfur sources. Conventional δ34S data, when combined with Δ33S data acquired using recently developed technologies, indicate that the dominant sulfur source is igneous sulfur, either leached from the volcanic pile or introduced as a magmatic volatile (these sources are not distinguishable). The thermochemical reduction of seawater sulfate is also an important, but subordinate, sulfur source. Estimation of the proportion of seawater sulfate with geological age indicate that, on average, it has increased from 5–10% in the Archean to 20–25% in the Phanerozoic. This most likely reflects the increase in seawater sulfate contents through geological time. Although untested as an exploration tool, variations in sulfur isotope data may have utility is discriminating fertile from barren sulfide accumulations or providing vectors to ores at the deposits scale. As exploration tools, light stable isotopes suffer from a relatively high cost and slow turn-around time. If these limitations can be overcome, and new analytical methods can be developed, light stable isotopes may emerge as another tool for exploration, particularly as discoveries are made at greater depth and under cover.

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Klepikov, A. Kh, T. V. Kulsartov, O. G. Romanenko, Y. V. Chikhray, V. P. Shestakov i I. L. Tazhibaeva. "Out of Pile Experiments on the Investigation of Hydrogen Interaction With Reduced Activation Ferritic-Martensitic Steel F82H." W Hydrogen Recycling at Plasma Facing Materials, 307–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4331-8_34.

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Zhang, J. X., C. An, D. F. Wei, B. Q. Chen i C. Guedes Soares. "Structural behaviour of hydrogen flexible pipe under internal pressure". W Trends in Renewable Energies Offshore, 943–48. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003360773-104.

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Shabalov, Ivan, Yury Matrosov, Alexey Kholodnyi, Maxim Matrosov i Valery Velikodnev. "Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide-Containing Media on Pipe Steels". W Pipeline Steels for Sour Service, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00647-1_1.

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Khoma, Myroslav, Vasyl Vynar, Maryan Chuchman i Chrystyna Vasyliv. "Corrosion-Mechanical Failure of Pipe Steels in Hydrogen Sulfide Environments". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 231–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58073-5_18.

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Pluvinage, Guy. "Defect Assessment on Pipe Transporting a Mixture of Natural Gas and Hydrogen". W Damage and Fracture Mechanics, 19–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2669-9_3.

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Zheng, Dukui, Jingfa Li, Bo Yu, Zhiqiang Huang, Yindi Zhang, Yafan Yang, Dongxu Han i Jianli Li. "Molecular Dynamics Study of Hydrogen Dissolution and Diffusion in Different Nonmetallic Pipe Materials". W Computational Science – ICCS 2023, 361–68. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36030-5_29.

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Pang, Xin, Su Xu, Isabella Ferrara, Xingqi Wang i Yu Zou. "Toughness Testing for Investigating Hydrogen Embrittlement of Pipe Steels: Tests, Significance, and Limitations". W Proceedings of the 62nd Conference of Metallurgists, COM 2023, 493–503. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38141-6_68.

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Binulal, B. R., Suryan Abhilash i Kochupillai Jayaraj. "Analysis of Coriolis Effect in a Curved Pipe Conveying Hydrogen Using Timoshenko Beam Element". W Exergy for A Better Environment and Improved Sustainability 1, 147–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62572-0_10.

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Filippenko, George V., i Tatiana V. Zinovieva. "Analysis of Axisymmetric Vibrations of a Hydrogen Weakened Pipe in a Layered Shell Model". W Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 78–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91553-7_9.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Pile à hydrogène"

Hoang, Triem T., i Jentung Ku. "Hydrogen Advanced Loop Heat Pipe". W International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-3194.

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Wang, Duncan, James Hogan i Lyndon Lamborn. "Safe Life of Line Pipe in Hydrogen Blended Transport". W ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-105812.

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Abstract A multi-year collaborative project with the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and the University of Alberta Edmonton (UoA) was launched in October of 2022. The project considers the potential effects of emerging commodity transport demands in support of Canadian Net Zero 2050. The project seeks a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that govern the long-term fatigue behavior of spiral welded pipelines towards informing maintenance scheduling and design. Multi-scale testing and modelling approaches involving materials, fluids, and their interactions are to be pursued. Methodologies developed and knowledge gained have cross-over applicability to seamless and long-seam welded pipe. Recent full-scale pipeline fatigue testing for various geometric deformations was found to be sufficient to develop preliminary governing S-N curves for pipeline steels in air. A projection of a governing S-N curve family for pipeline steels which are subject to diffusible hydrogen is baselined through correlation with testing under diffusible hydrogen conditions. Full-scale fatigue tests of stress concentrators in carrier pipe steels indicate that a large percentage of the useful fatigue life consists of the crack initiation portion of the life cycle and may be leveraged in making integrity management decisions. Finally, in this work, the governing S-N curve is resolved into a safe-life plot versus the spectrum severity indicator cycles. This allows operators to project a practical lower bound safe life horizon for line pipe with typical stress concentrators. The study concludes that a multi-year project remains a prudent approach in the event some pipeline operators begin hydrogen or CO2 transport service before the project concludes in 2026.

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Leishear, Robert A. "A Hydrogen Ignition Mechanism for Explosions in Nuclear Facility Pipe Systems". W ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25261.

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Hydrogen and oxygen generation due to the radiolysis of water is a recognized hazard in pipe systems used in the nuclear industry, where the accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen at high points in the pipe system is expected, and explosive conditions exist. Pipe ruptures at nuclear facilities were attributed to hydrogen explosions inside pipelines, in nuclear facilities, i.e., Hamaoka, Nuclear Power Station in Japan, and Brunsbuettel in Germany. Prior to these accidents an ignition source for hydrogen was questionable, but these accidents, demonstrated that a mechanism was, in fact, available to initiate combustion and explosion. Hydrogen explosions may occur simultaneously with water hammer accidents in nuclear facilities, and a theoretical mechanism to relate water hammer to hydrogen deflagrations and explosions is presented herein.

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Liu, Hanchen, Kai Yuan i Xuewu Cao. "Numerical Study on Hydrogen Flow Behavior for Different Connecting Pipe Structures". W 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67375.

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Hydrogen control in the case of severe accidents has been required by nuclear regulations to ensure the integrity of nuclear containment building. Therefore, getting detailed hydrogen flow and distribution is a key issue to resolve the hydrogen risk in containment and compartments. In this study, local hydrogen behavior has been investigated in a multi-subcompartments using Computational Fluid Dynamics method, concerning the local concentration in the multi-subcompartments. The multi-subcompartments containment is represented by four vessels interconnected by pipe. Hydrogen inlet pipe is located in source vessel. The analysis model is built by 3-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics code ANSYS-CFX in Cartesian coordinates. Computational domain is discretized in about 47559 cells, 87484 cells and 126388 cells, respectively. Taking a full consideration of the computational time and accurate, the medium mesh scheme is adopted to simulate the hydrogen transport. With standard k-ε turbulence model, the effects of the connecting pipe parameters and direction on hydrogen distribution in the multi-compartments are investigated. Local hydrogen behavior showed remarkably different in simulations with the change of the pipe parameter. Increasing the connection pipe diameter and decreasing the connection pipe length are helpful for helium flow between compartments. Compare with the vertical connection pipe, horizontal connection pipe is not conducive to the diffusion of hydrogen from source compartment to non-source compartment.

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Tazhibaeva, Irina L., Vladimir P. Shestakov, Oleg G. Romanenko, Alexander H. Klepikov, Yuri S. Cherepnin, Vyacheslav I. Tarasov, Ergazy A. Kenjin, Alexander V. Basov, Mohamed S. El-Genk i Mark D. Hoover. "Hydrogen Interaction with Constructional Materials of Nuclear-Power Devices “In Situ” the Pile Irradiation". W SPACE NUCLEAR POWER AND PROPULSION: Eleventh Symposium. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2950292.

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Höhler, Susanne, Elke Wanzenberg, Nikolai Jacob, Christoph Bosch, Holger Brauer, Djordje Mirkovic i Elke Muthmann. "Material Performance of Line Pipe Steels for the Hydrogen Infrastructure". W 2024 15th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1115/ipc2024-133063.

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Abstract Since the upcoming hydrogen infrastructure will set high demands on efficient pipelines and thus on the line pipe material as well, test series are presented to investigate in detail the material behavior of typical line pipe steels. Various steels from pipes from different production routes with a range of steel grades from X52 to X70 were selected and tested under gaseous hydrogen. Hydrogen impact on the mechanical behavior of these standard steels is estimated by different test series on base material and weld material. Slow strain rate tests under quasi-static loading are used to evaluate the hydrogen effects on the stress-strain behavior with focus on yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, uniform elongation, and the ductility ratios derived by the comparison of tests performed in hydrogen and inert gas (nitrogen). The materials tested reach high ductility ratios for all steels considered, irrespective of steel grade, production route or microstructure. Further on, the threshold stress intensity factor KIH required in the current ASME B31.12 code is experimentally determined under severe test conditions (high pressure 180 bar). Test procedure, results and validity are evaluated and discussed.

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Sergeyeva, Tatyana K., Igor A. Tychkin i Gennady G. Vasiliev. "Hydrogen-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipe Lines of Russia". W 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1857.

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The results of expert studies of large diameter pipes damaged due to external stress corrosion cracking are presented in the report. These data obtained in the 1993–1995 are typical for various regions of Russia. The results of laboratory studies of the stress-corrosion mechanism for pipe steels in suspensions of soils from the places where the operating failure had occurred are given in the report also. The mechanism of hydrogen-induced stress-corrosion cracking (HISCC) realizing through local hydrogenation of steel during plastic deformation has been determined by means of the technique of slow strain rate test (SSRT) of samples in the soil under cathodic, anodic and free corrosion potentials in combination with hydrogenation and hydrogen distribution analyses along length of a sample. No hydrogenation of volumes of pipes non-subjected to cracking was observed but hydrogenation took place in the zones subjected to stress corrosion.

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Hill, R., i A. Perez. "Line Pipe Material Consideration for Transport of High-Pressure Hydrogen". W AISTech 2022 Proceedings of the Iron and Steel Technology Conference. AIST, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/386/113.

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Woollin, P., i A. Kostrivas. "Use of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel Pipe for Offshore Flowline Applications". W 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92351.

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Supermartensitic stainless steels (SMSS) have high strength and good resistance to corrosion in produced fluids containing CO2 and are cheaper than other competing corrosion resistant alloys. Hence, they are attractive flowline materials and they have been successfully used in a number of offshore applications. Nevertheless, service failures have occurred and two failure mechanisms in particular have caused difficulties at welds: (i) hydrogen embrittlement/ hydrogen induced stress cracking resulting from hydrogen picked-up under cathodic protection and (ii) intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC). This paper presents experimental data on each of these two failure phenomena and gives details of the currently available ways of avoiding these problems, highlighting where further information is required.

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Prewitt, Thomas, i Saba Esmaeely. "Hydrogen Storage Lifecycle Assessment". W ASME 2024 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2024-123478.

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Abstract With the increased use of renewable sources of energy, interest has piqued in methods of energy storage. The path of decarbonization will require many different energy storage methods to be successful. Storing energy in hydrogen may be one such method. There are a large variety of methods to store renewable energy, current paper discusses a scenario, where the energy will be used to create hydrogen gas which can be stored in pipelines and used later. This assessment will assume a set amount (moles) of hydrogen is going to be generated, then used daily. The objective is to determine the relationship between these design parameters and the lifespan of the pipe, and subsequently compare the estimated lifespan. The fatigue lifespan was assessed utilizing equations from published literature and standards will be used. The fatigue life is determined by considering the amount of hydrogen input and output from the system and its effect on a hypothetically initially-indetectable flaw. Hydrogen service can induce hydrogen embrittlement and accelerate fatigue crack growth making this growth more aggressive than in non-hydrogen service. Various pipe diameters, wall thicknesses, and material grades are investigated to capture a wide range of design possibilities. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights into the design considerations and economic feasibility of pipelines used for hydrogen storage. The evaluation of fatigue lifespan provides guidance for selecting optimal pipe dimensions and material grades to achieve the desired operational reliability while minimizing the total lifecycle cost of the hydrogen storage system. This knowledge aids in the development of sustainable and economically viable hydrogen infrastructure for future energy applications.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Pile à hydrogène"

Guest, Stuart, Aaron Dinovitzer i Sanjay Tiku. PR-214-214504-R01 Identification of Hydrogen Susceptible Line Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0000001.

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This project focused on the gathering, dissemination, and identification of critical variables affectng line pipe steels in hydrogen service. Published studies from US government labs (e.g., NIST, Sandia) and global publications were reviewed and summarized. Key variables significantly influencing fatigue performance and gaps in testing were identified, providing guidance to industry in future testing programs for the safe operation of hydrogen pipelines.

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Davis, Eiber i Parkins. NR199306 Microbial Effects on SCC of Line-pipe Steels in Low-pH Environments. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), wrzesień 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010963.

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Many sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) exist in low-pH soils and they are known to produce hydrogen sulfide as a natural product of their life cycle. It is believed that hydrogen sulfide promotes the entry of atomic hydrogen into adjacent steel surfaces as a result if corrosion processes. Thus, tests are needed to determine the microbial effects on stress corrosion cracking of line-pipe steels in low-pH environments. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of sulfate reducing bacteria in producing an environment that promotes stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) in a typical line pipe steel under low pH conditions.

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Williams i Maxey. NR198709 Evaluation of a Heat-Treated X80 Grade Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), kwiecień 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011140.

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Steel producers have developed in recent years a number of new types of line pipe to meet demand for high strength pipe with superior low temperature toughness and good field weldability. Obtaining independent evaluation of these new products is the objective, so that information on these pipes will be available when construction activities increase. Tests to determine the susceptibility of the pipe to hydrogen-induced stepwise cracking showed it to be susceptible; considerable cracking was observed after exposure to the NACE test solution. The pipe was not produced for use in the transport of sour gas, so a sulfide inclusion shape control addition had not been made. Presumably, resistance to hydrogen-induced stepwise cracking would have been significantly improved if such an addition had been made.

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Balda, S. NR199002 Monitoring Hydrogen Cracking in Sleeve Welds. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), lipiec 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011408.

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The objective of this work was to determine the time interval for hydrogen induced cracking in hot tap/sleeve maintenance welding by using pipe/consumable combinations known to produce hydrogen induced cracking.

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Payer. L51903 Damage to FBE and Liquid Epoxy Coating from Hydrogen Outgassing from Welds. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), maj 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010383.

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Hydrogen in welds and its affect on performance from the perspective of cracking and embrittlement of steels has been widely studied, and welding procedures have been developed to minimize the deleterious effects of hydrogen. The practical problem is whether hydrogen outgassing from welds causes damage to FBE and liquid epoxy coatings on pipelines. FBE coatings on longitudinal welds made at pipe mills have developed defects because of hydrogen outgassing. Field welds are often coated shortly after welding, inspected and either buried or submerged, and there is a greater chance for more hydrogen in the field welds than mill welds. If coating damage occurred by outgassing, the damage could go undetected and affect the pipeline corrosion control. The objectives were to examine hydrogen outgassing as a cause of damage to FBE and liquid epoxy coatings, to collect and contrast experience with hydrogen in longitudinal welds and circumferential welds, to quantify hydrogen pickup and release from steel pipe and welds. Methods and practices are identified to avoid damage to FBE and liquid epoxy pipeline coatings from hydrogen outgassing. The approach was to examine epoxy coatings applied over welds for damage from hydrogen outgassing and to conduct experiments to determine the amount and rate of hydrogen desorption (outgassing) from welds. The effects of hydrogen desorption on coatings was examined for commercial FBE and liquid epoxy coatings along with screening tests with liquid glycerol and clear epoxy. Hydrogen desorption was measured directly on welds, and a model was developed to describe the outgassing of diffusible hydrogen and the amount of diffusible hydrogen remaining in the weld.

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Williams, D. N., i W. A. Maxey. NG-18-145-R01 Evaluation of an X70 Low-Carbon Bainitic-Steel Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), wrzesień 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011900.

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Evaluates the material properties of low-carbon bainitic-steel pipe with microalloying of titanium and boron in high manganese steel. Strain aging and stepwise hydrogen-induced cracking were also evaluated.

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Olson, David L., Brajendra Mishra i Angelique N. Lasseigne. DTRS56-03-X-0044 Electromagnetic Sensor for Hydrogen Content Determination in Coated Line Pipe Steel. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), luty 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011959.

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Holbrook, J., i H. Cialone. L51472 Effects of SNG-Hydrogen Gas Mixtures on High Pressure Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), marzec 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011396.

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Lozev. L52029 Ultrasonic Inspection of Hot Tap Branch and Repair Sleeve-Fillet Welds Using Phased Arrays. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), sierpień 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011116.

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The objective of this project was to develop an ultrasonic phased-array (PA) technology for reliable detection of weld discontinuities, especially hydrogen-induced cracking, in branch-to-carrier pipe welds for hot taps and sleeve-to-carrier pipe welds for welded repair sleeves.

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Jones. L51751 Evaluation of Low Hydrogen Welding Processes for Pipeline Construction in High Strength Steel. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), sierpień 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010220.

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As the use of higher strength and thicker walled pipe becomes more prevalent, the procedures that would normally guard against hydrogen cracking when welding with cellulosic electrodes, become less effective and it has become necessary to investigate the use of alternative low hydrogen consumables. Low hydrogen manual welding processes, suitable for pipeline girth welding, have been available for some time for the lower strength pipe grades, and latterly, for high strength pipelines (up to and including X80). Despite their availability and advantages in terms of reduced crack susceptibility, they have been rarely used in production up to the present time. Basic coated shielded metal arc (SMA) electrodes, suitable for vertical-down welding, are produced by some manufacturers at the strength level required for both the root welding and filling of pipeline girth welds. Self-shielded flux-cored wires (SSFCA) are also available for both root and fill welding, and in addition to the low hydrogen levels, these have the advantage of increased productivity. Both of these processes require different methods of deposition compared to welding using cellulosic electrodes, which necessitates specialized training of welders. It is thought that this, along with doubts concerning the reliability and speed of the processes in site conditions, has made contractors reluctant to adopt them. Furthermore, there was a dearth of independently produced information on the welding production performance of low hydrogen processes. The objectives of this work was to generate data to enable users to make an informed judgement regarding the practical application of low hydrogen processes. Furthermore, it was intended to develop improved root welding procedures, which had been recognized as being significant process limitation. A further objective of this work was to collect data to permit an informed choice when choosing low hydrogen welding processes for modern high-strength steel walled pipe. The performance of low hydrogen vertical down electrodes (L4VD) and solid and flux cored wires for welding X80 linepipe is assessed with regard to ease of welding, productivity and weldment mechanical properties in comparison to cellulosic electrodes.

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