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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Police – Germany – Prussia”

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Data publikacji: 27 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Turk, Eleanor L. "The Berlin Socialist Trials of 1896: An Examination of Civil Liberty in Wilhelmian Germany." Central European History 19, no. 4 (1986): 323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900011146.

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Punctually at 8:00 A.M. on 26 November 1895, teams of police officers in Berlin began to search the homes of nearly eighty members of the Social Democratic Party, and the city offices of their organizations. These surprise raids, over by 10:00 a.m., were ordered by the Prussian Minister of Interior, Ernst Köller, to obtain evidence that the Socialist organizations had been working with one another to promote their political goals. In 1895 it was illegal in Prussia, and in most of the other states of the German Empire, for political associations of any kind to work together. Yet the evidence so
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Bespalova, L. N. "“Kulturkampf” as the confrontation of the catholic church and the imperial government of Germany in the 70s of the XIX century." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/20-4/02.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the origins and content of the kulturkampf policy initiated by the German Reich Chancellor in the 1870s. The Struggle for Culture played a decisive role not only in the formation of the Center party as one of the most influential political parties of the Reichstag in the second half of the 19th century, but also in the history of Germany as a whole. The political orientation of the first German Reich Chancellor towards the strong secular state controlling and limiting church structures was initially in favor of the empire united in 1871 and in line wit
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Dudarev, Vasiliy. "The Russian Direction of the Prussian Kingdom's Foreign Policy. 1851—1871. The Source Studies Aspect." ISTORIYA 12, no. 12-2 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840019138-0.

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This article presents a description of the source base for studying the Russian direction of the Prussian Kingdom's foreign policy on the eve and during the years of German unification: 1851—1871. Taking into account the current state of German and Russian historiography, the author draws attention to the fact that only a comprehensive study of public documents, official correspondence of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of both Prussia and Russia, a significant part of which is stored in the archives of Germany and Russia, periodicals and documents of personal origin can contribute
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Sterkhov, Dmitrii. "The Hanoverian Question and Prussian Foreign Policy in the Early Nineteenth Century (1801–1806)." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 2 (2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640018318-7.

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This study explores the significance of the Hanoverian Question for Prussian foreign policy in the early nineteenth century. The author looks at the origins of the Hanoverian Question and analyses Prussian motives for annexing Hanover in the first part of the article. Special attention is paid to the relationship between Prussian foreign policy and Prussian domestic stability. The political system in Prussia was severely unbalanced by the capture of vast swathes of Polish territory to the east, populated mostly by Catholics. To restore the balance, the Prussian state badly needed a German-spea
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Vögele, Jörg. "Monitoring Disease: Cause-of-Death-Registration in Prussia During the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 40, no. 1 (2022): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sho.2022.40.1.002.

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In Germany, the recording of the causes of death has had a long tradition and goes back a long time in history, but remained unsystematic and nonuniform as it was an autonomous matter of the different German states. This article pursues the question of how the cause-of-death statistics developed in Prussia, the largest territorial state of the later German Reich. It is asked how these statistics, organized by the Prussian Statistical Bureau, have been related to the nationwide health policy since the 1870s. The historical development of official statistics in Prussia reveals that it is neither
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6

Dudarev, Vasiliy. "The Dispute over the Imperial Title: the Traditionalism of William I and the Policy of State Interests of Otto Von Bismarck." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 1 (2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640018256-9.

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The logical conclusion of the Franco-German War was, according to many contemporaries, the proclamation of the German Empire headed by King William I of Prussia. At the very last moment, a bitter dispute erupted between him and the Iron Chancellor of the North German Confederation, Otto von Bismarck, over the need for the imperial title and its form. There are several interesting sources related to this largely unexplored subject, and their examination will complement the history of the proclamation of the German Empire, bringing to light one of the most dramatic episodes in the long history o
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7

Donges, Alexander, and Felix Selgert. "Do Legal Differences Matter? A Comparison of German Patent Law Regimes before 1877." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 60, no. 1 (2019): 57–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2019-0004.

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Abstract In this article, we give an overview of the differences in German patent legislations between 1815 and 1876. German patent laws differed in particular with regard to the application and approval system, the treatment of foreign applicants, and patent fees. Differences in the former two categories provide an explanation why the number of patents was considerably lower in Prussia than in other states. While the number of Prussian patents per capita almost stagnated between 1840 and 1872, it increased in Baden, Bavaria and Saxony. Formal differences in patent law do not fully explain thi
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8

Matveeva, Anna. "The Polish Minority in the German Empire — the Agrarian Aspect of Government Policy and the Opposition of the Polish Population in the Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries." ISTORIYA 12, no. 6 (104) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016172-8.

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The purpose of this article is to examine the agrarian aspect of the opposition to the Prussian policy of Germanization of the Polish population of the provinces of Poznań and West Prussia from a historical perspective, with the main focus on the 1880s — 1900s. The publication of the Colonization Law in 1886 and the creation of the Colonization Commission marked the beginning of attempts by the Prussian government to change the ratio of the Polish and German population of the provinces in favour of the latter. The German side in 1886—1902 acted exclusively through centralized budget financing
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9

Kotova, Elena. "The German Question in the Foreign Policy of the Austrian Empire in 1850—1866." ISTORIYA 12, no. 6 (104) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016050-4.

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For centuries, the House of Austria (the Habsburgs) maintained its leadership in the Holy Roman Empire, and later in the German Union. But in the middle of the 19th century the situation changed, Austria lost its position in Germany, lost to Prussia in the struggle for hegemony. The article examines what factors influenced such an outcome of the German question, what policy Austria pursued in the 50—60s of the 19th century, what tasks it set for itself. The paper traces the relationship between the domestic and foreign policy of Austria. Economic weakness and political instability prevented th
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10

Khorosheva, Aleksandra. "Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and Unification of Germany in 1871." ISTORIYA 12, no. 6 (104) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016148-1.

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Based on published sources, as well as documents from the Archive of the Foreign policy of the Russian Empire, introduced into scientific use for the first time, the article relates the place of Grand Duchy of Luxembourg during the Unification of Germany. The author analyses the attitude of European states — Prussia, France, Belgium and especially the attention of Russia — toward Luxembourg during the crises of 1867 and after the neutralization of Grand Duchy. Studying German policy over the XIX century in regard to Luxembourg, the author comes to the conclusion that economic dependence from G
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11

Leuschner, Torsten. "Richard Böckh (1824–1907): Sprachenstatistik zwischen Nationalitätsprinzip und Nationalstaat." Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 31, no. 2-3 (2004): 389–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.31.2-3.09leu.

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The present article discusses politically relevant aspects of the work of the Prussian statistician Richard Böckh (1824–1907), a renowned specialist on language statistics, nationality policy and general demographics in his day. Two of his publications are focused on: the article “Über die statistische Bedeutung der Volksprache” (‘On the Statistical Significance of the National Tongue’, 1866), in which Böckh expresses the view that nationality is defined exclusively by virtue of language, and the bookDer Deutschen Volkszahl und Sprachgebiet in den europäischen Staaten(‘The Number and Areal Ext
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12

Vakareliyska, Cynthia M. "Due Process in Wartime? Secret Imperial Russian Police Files on the Forced Relocation of Russian Germans during World War I." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 5 (2009): 589–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990903122842.

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In 1762 and 1763, manifestos were issued by Catherine II, and later were extended further by her son Paul I, inviting foreign artisans and others to settle in far-flung rural areas of the Russian Empire in order to help strengthen the economy. Under a policy somewhat similar to the later US Homestead Act, under the manifestos German and other foreign-national settlers and their descendants were offered Russian citizenship, land ownership after three years, religious tolerance (including, in the case of Germans, German clergy and German-language churches), and exemption from the military draft—
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13

Chentsov, Alexey S. "Documentary sources on the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the territory of the Kaliningrad region, 1945-1949." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2025): 83–98. https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2025-1-83-98.

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The article considers a set of documentary sources on the history of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the territory of the Kaliningrad region in 1945-1949, stored in the department of special funds and rehabilitation of victims of political repressions of the information center of the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Kaliningrad region. The period considered in the article is an example of active work of state administration bodies on the integration of the former German province of East Prussia into the Soviet Union after the Second World War. At the same tim
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14

Brinkmann, Tobias. "Transit Experiences." Polish American Studies 80, no. 2 (2023): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23300833.80.2.02.

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Abstract Between the 1870s and 1914, millions of Eastern Europeans moved to the United States. Little is known about the actual journeys of Polish, Jewish, and other migrants. A closer look at the experiences of transmigrants reveals a sophisticated system that was managed by Germany's two largest steamship lines, the Hamburg-America Line and the Bremen-based North German Lloyd. In the early 1880s, the United States shifted to a more thorough screening of arriving migrants, refusing admission to a growing number of “undesirables.” In 1885, Germany's largest state, Prussia, implemented a restri
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15

Kostev, A. S. "Judicial and legal reforms of Frederick II of Prussia and Paul I." Гуманитарные и юридические исследования 11, no. 2 (2024): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37493/2409-1030.2024.2.9.

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Introduction. The topicality of the study is related to clarifying the degree of influence of the ideas and practices of Frederick II the Great on Paul I in public policy, in particular in carrying out a number of reforms. Such research contributes to rethinking of the history of the Russian autocracy not only in the XVIII century, but also in the general history of Russia. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted on the basis of a systematic approach, objectivity and historicism principles, and. In addition, general scientific methods of information analysis and synthesis, methods of
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16

Matveeva, Anna G. "West German historiography of the German Empire as an example of the implementation of historical policy." Novaia i noveishaia istoria, no. 4 (August 19, 2024): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0130386424040027.

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Analysis of the historiography of a particular historical period or problem allows one to say a lot not only about the topic of research, but also about the academic and political situation in which the works were prepared and published. For example, the tradition of studying the political history of Germany during the imperial period that emerged in Germany. The natural choice of topics on which most works concentrate (constitutional history, biography, history of political parties, parliamentarism, problems of authoritarianism and the theory of modernization) almost always concern the histor
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17

Datsenko, Pavel A. "On the role of Russian diplomacy in resolving the autumn crisis of 1850: diplomatic correspondence between Peter von Meyendorff and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the punctation of Olmütz, 29 November 1850." Novaia i noveishaia istoria, no. 4 (August 19, 2024): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0130386424040145.

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During the Autumn Crisis of 1850, Russian diplomacy played a significant stabilising role. In particular, the Russian envoy to Vienna, Baron Peter von Meyendorff, made a considerable contribution to the peaceful resolution of the Austro-Prussian conflict, which threatened to escalate into a pan-European war. The author analyses Meyendorff’s political correspondence with Chancellor Nesselrode from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, a translation of which is appended. These papers outline the course, results, and evaluation of the negotiations held at Olmütz between the heads o
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18

Strauchold, Grzegorz. "Activities of the security services against the German population and the so-called Polish autochthones in Warmia and Mazury in the years 1945–1956." Masuro-⁠Warmian Bulletin 298, no. 4 (2018): 637–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134925.

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The article describes the activities of the Communist political police against former German citizens who remained in their places of residence in the part of East Prussia incorporated into Poland. Polish communists until the end of the 1940s were conducting a policy that would eliminate German nationality from the inhabitants of Poland. From the end of the 1940s there was a concerted attempt to eliminate anyone with German nationality and those questioning the new Polish–German border that was created in 1945 among the remnants of the German citizenry. The Communist political police were also
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19

Khryakov, Alexander. "Scientific Policy of Nazi Germany and Coordination of the Prussian Academy of Sciences." ISTORIYA 13, no. 12-2 (122) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024115-5.

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The article is devoted to the consideration of the scientific policy of Germany in the 1930—1940s. The possible reasons for historians' long-term disregard of this problem are analyzed, related both to the reluctance of the researchers themselves and the peculiarities of the perception of science by the leaders of the German state. Special attention is paid to the activities of the Ministry of Science, Education and Public Education. The example of the Prussian Academy of Sciences (Berlin) shows the specifics of the National Socialist coordination of scientific organizations and the c
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20

Aleknavičienė, Ona. "Language policy in the Kingdom of Prussia at the junction of the 18th-19th centuries." Taikomoji kalbotyra 16 (December 30, 2021): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2021.16.4.

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The present paper examines the principles of the language policy designed in the Kingdom of Prussia at the junction of the 18th-19th centuries. This research aims to identify the main factors affecting the introduction of the Lithuanian language as the official regional language in the Kingdom of Prussia and to evaluate the parameters applied to such language planning. The main research objects in this study are the prefaces to Christian Gottlieb Mielcke’s dictionary Littauisch-deutsches und Deutsch-littauisches Wörter-Buch (1800) and the archival material of the end of the 18th century, which
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21

Zyabrikov, Vitaly V. "Saxon Diplomacy in the First Months of the Second Silesian War (August/October 1744)." Novaya i Novejshaya Istoriya, no. 1 (May 23, 2024): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0130386424010042.

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In the mid-eighteenth century, the Electorate of Saxony, one of the largest German states joined in a personal union with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, played a significant role in European politics. Relations with Saxony were critical in the diplomatic calculations of Europe’s major powers, including Great Britain, France, and Austria. This holds true during the time of the Silesian Wars (1740–1742; 1744–1745) as Prussia’s strengthening political influence gave rise to two major power centres in Germany. Austria and Prussia were both keen on winning Saxony’s favour as a potential ally.
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22

Kempa, Robert. "East Prussia in Józef Piłsudski’s German policy." Białostockie Teki Historyczne, no. 11 (2013): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bth.2013.11.11.

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Dunlavy, Colleen A. "Mirror Images: Political Structure and Early Railroad Policy in the United States and Prussia." Studies in American Political Development 5, no. 1 (1991): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00000158.

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As conventional thinking once had it, Vormärz Prussia and the antebellum United States mapped out opposite ends of a “strong-state, weak-state” spectrum. But several decades of research have rendered both images increasingly untenable. Revisions began on the American side in the 1940s when a group of scholars set out to re-evaluate the state governments' role in antebellum American industrialization. These studies of state legislation and political rhetoric—the first to take federalism seriously, one might say—collectively laid to rest the myth of laissez-faire during the antebellum period. Si
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Dudarev, Vasiliy. "The Russian Direction of the Prussian Kingdom's Foreign Policy. 1851—1871. The Historiographical Aspect." ISTORIYA 13, no. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840019071-7.

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The author of this article offers his assessment of the state of Russian/Soviet and German historiography devoted to Prussian-Russian political relations, the Russian direction of the Prussian Kingdom's foreign policy. Analyzing the works of Russian and German historians, the author comes to the conclusion that in German historiography, as well as in Russian historical science, there is still no special comprehensive study of the Russian direction of Bismarck's foreign policy in the long period of 1851—1871, on the eve and during the years of German unification.
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25

Олійник Аліна. "НАПРЯМИ МУЗИЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ НІМЕЦЬКОЇ МУЗИЧНОЇ РАДИ". World Science 4, № 3(55) (2020): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31032020/6982.

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 In the article it is defined the notion of musical policy as a consistent concept of state activities which influence the support and development of music, music education, music facilities, economics of music life etc. The constituent parts of the music policy of modern Germany are determined. It is analyzed the impact and the importance of Leo Kestenberg’s reformation activity for the development of the music policy of Prussia in the 1920s, it is explained the role of the music policy in modern FRG and its overall state control of the country’s music life in particular.
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Datsenko, Pavel A. "Johann Carl Bertram Stüve and the Problem of German Unification in 1848–1849." Research Result. Social Studies and Humanities 10, no. 4 (2024): 85–96. https://doi.org/10.18413/2408-932x-2024-10-4-0-8.

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This article examines the views and policies of the Hanoverian minister Johann Carl Berthram Stüve during the 1848 revolution in Germany. Although Stüve was one of the most prominent representatives of German liberalism in 1848, unlike many liberals who supported and even led the revolutionary processes, he was sceptical of the activities of the Frankfurt National Assembly almost from the start. Stüve was committed to the principles of legality and the inviolability of the rights of the individual German states, and he saw in the policy of the revolutionary parliament a danger of interference
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WILSON, PETER H. "PRUSSIA'S RELATIONS WITH THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, 1740–1786." Historical Journal 51, no. 2 (2008): 337–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x08006742.

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ABSTRACTMost writers have taken Frederick II at his word and interpreted his sparse and generally derogatory comments about the Holy Roman Empire as indications of its low priority in Prussian policy after 1740. This article offers a reappraisal, based on a re-examination of his writings and his policy towards the Empire and its principal dynasties. Despite his distaste for the imperial constitution, Frederick swiftly appreciated its significance to his goals of security and international recognition. Certainly, relations with the imperial Estates remained secondary to diplomatic and military
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Любин, Д. В. "“Military Friendship” with Prussia in Russian Art of the 1820–1850s. On the History of Russian-German Artistic Relations in the Era of Nicholas I." Scientific Papers of St Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts, no. 69 (July 9, 2024): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.62625/2782-1889.2024.59.49.006.

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В статье рассмотрен феномен так называемой военной дружбы между Российской империей и Прусским королевством, сформировавшийся в постнаполеоновскую эпоху и просуществовавший почти до Крымской войны. Он проявился не только в сфере внешней политики, но и в культуре, нашел широкое отражение в пластических искусствах, им обусловлены содержание и внешний облик многих официальных памятников в эпоху Николая I. Эти памятники разнообразны: и храмы, и воинские монументы, и фигуративная скульптура. В случае сакральных построек и отчасти воинских монументов чрезвычайно важную роль сыграл тщательно подобран
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Bykov, O. M., and N. V. Stepanenko. "Advantages and disadvantages o the establishment of local self-government in the Federal Republic of Germany during the First World War." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 5 (November 17, 2023): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.05.2.

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The scientific article is devoted to the issue of researching the advantages and disadvantages of the formation and development of local self­government in Germany in the period before the First World War, when it was Germany that chose the model of local self-government. The article reveals the main issues of the genesis of local self-government in Germany. The article reveals the issues of legislative regulation of local self­government in Germany at various historical stages. The scientific article states that by the end of the 19th century. only Prussia retained open voting, and other part
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30

Kikuchi, Yuta. "Reach of Globalization in 18th Century Germany: Atlantic Products from Hamburg to Saxon Markets." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 65, no. 2 (2024): 527–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2024-0023.

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Abstract This study explores the economic cohesion of two German areas, Hamburg and Saxony, in the 18th century, created through the inflow of Atlantic colonial groceries from the former to the latter. Combining different kinds of sources revealed the following. The trade flow from Hamburg to German lands began to shift from Prussia to Saxony in the middle of the 18th century. Within Saxony, the market was concentrated in two locations: the court city Dresden and proto-industrial district of Upper Lusatia. What made Saxony stand out were its liberal commercial policy and the development of rur
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LEIDINGER, BARBARA, W. ROBERT LEE, and PETER MARSCHALCK. "Enforced convergence: political change and cause-of-death registration in the Hansestadt Bremen, 1860–1914." Continuity and Change 12, no. 2 (1997): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416097002968.

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Even after the unification of Germany in 1871, political power continued to be fragmented. The Bismarckian constitution was superimposed on a collection of previously independent states: it acknowledged their continued existence as historical regions, granted them their own constitutions, state parliaments, and extensive legislative and executive powers. At a regional level, different perceptions of the appropriate role of the state continued to exist, with Prussian centralism contrasting with the laissez-faire amateurism of Bremen and Hamburg. The creation of centralized Reich (German Empire)
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Pankov, Evgeni. "Representation of War in German Youth Memes: Using Reddit in Memory Studies." ISTORIYA 16, no. 1 (147) (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027768-3.

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The article examines the collective interpretation of historical events and phenomena relating to the wars waged by the Germany from 1870 to 1945 among the members of German-speaking meme communities on Reddit. It also seeks to use representative capabilities of the platform to specify and clarify in relation to young people the approaches existing in German society to the interpretation of Germany‘s role in these events in the context of contemporary shifts in Berlin‘s security policy. By analysing the most popular publications and commentaries, the authors conclude that the “traumatic” dimen
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Cramer, Kevin. "A World of Enemies: New Perspectives on German Military Culture and the Origins of the First World War." Central European History 39, no. 2 (2006): 270–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906000112.

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In the introduction to his 1915 book Die Hohenzollern und ihr Werk, Otto Hintze ruefully quoted an Englishman's observation that, “Prussian history is endlessly boring because it speaks so much of war and so little of revolution.” As the “Great War” entered its second year, and with Germany's hopes for a quick and decisive victory fading, Hintze saw history repeating itself. Like Frederick the Great's Prussia, he wrote, “The German Reich, under a Hohenzollern Kaiser, [now] battles for its existence against a world of enemies.” Since the beginning of the war, Entente propaganda had mobilized th
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Дробот, Микола. "Islamic Vector of the Religious Policy of the German Military Administration in the Territory of the Occupied Crimea in 1941-1944." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University Series History, no. 46 (December 26, 2023): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/10.31652/2411-2143-2023-46-43-51.

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The purpose of the research is to trace the implementation of the religious policy of the German military administration towards the Muslims of Crimea, taking into account the differences in the approaches of the German elite. The research methods are based on the use of both general scientific research methods (analysis and synthesis, systemic analysis, concretization, analogy), and research methods of historical sciences (historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-comparative), principles of historicism, systematicity, scientificity and verification. The scientific novelty of the wo
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Barchfeld, Marco, and Matthias Asche. "Das Ende der Westfälischen Ordnung im Norden des Reiches?: Die Gestaltungsmächte des Reichsnordens und die territorialen Machtverschiebungen bis zum Großen Nordischen Krieg." Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. Neue Folge der »Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Niedersachsen« 2024, no. 96 (2024): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46500/83535681-003.

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Die Bestimmungen des Westfälischen Friedens führten im Norden des Reiches eine Tetrade von vier miteinander um Einfluss ringenden Gestaltungsmächten herbei: Brandenburg-Preußen, Schweden, Dänemark und die Welfen. Ihr Einfluss in der ­Region resultierte aus ihrer jeweiligen Einbindung in die Strukturen und Verfahren des Reichsgefüges, in denen sie zugleich um die Vorherrschaft in Norddeutschland rangen und die Prozesse zum Teil blockierten. Die Westfälische Ordnung im Reichsnorden zeigte sich überaus instabil, bargen die Friedensinstrumente von 1648 doch das Potenzial für zahlreiche Konflikte z
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Grave, Jaap. "JOHANNES FRANCK." De Moderne Tijd 4, no. 1 (2020): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/dmt2020.1-2.002.grav.

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Abstract Johannes Franck A career in the margins Johannes Franck (1854-1914) was the first professor extraordinarius(1886) and in 1912 a professor of Dutch and Low German in the German empire. In this article I describe his career largely until 1886 by embedding him within the scientific community of his time. Subsequently, I show how anti-Semitism prevented him from becoming a professor of German studies and discuss the policy of appointments in Prussia. To conclude, I argue that these aspects and the difference in scientific cultures between the Netherlands and the German Empire was partly r
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White, Charles E. "Scharnhorst and Showalter: A tale of two enlightened scholars." War in History 29, no. 1 (2022): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344520937158.

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Gerhard von Scharnhorst was the intellectual father of the Prussian and later German armies. Professor Dennis E. Showalter was a noted scholar of German, American, and military history. Both mentored countless students and authored a number of seminal works in military history. Both demonstrated the enduring importance of military history in the minds of policy makers, military personnel, and the public. Both were truly enlightened scholars.
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Horn, Alexander, and Anthony Kevins. "Problem Pressure and Social Policy Innovation: Lessons from Nineteenth-Century Germany." Social Science History 42, no. 3 (2018): 495–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2018.13.

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In studying how to best understand social program introduction, political scientists have built up a laundry list of contributory factors. We suggest, however, that “objective” problem pressure has been incorrectly neglected by many scholars in recent decades—and the well-known case of Germany’s nineteenth-century introduction of social insurance legislation provides a clear illustration of this point. In explaining the origins and design of German social insurance, the interplay of three factors is key: first, exceptionally high problem pressure, connected to both labor market- and state-buil
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Matveeva, Anna. "Wilhelm II and the resignation of Otto von Bismarck." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020983-9.

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The article focuses on the turning point in the history of the German Empire in 1871–1918, associated with the circumstances of the resignation of the first Imperial Chancellor and Minister-President of Prussia Otto von Bismarck in March 1890 and the transition to the so-called Wilhelmian period in the history of the country. The subject has been well studied in German historiography, yet it is still a matter for discussion among historians. Drawing on studies already undertaken, the author supplements them with information from the correspondence between the Russian Embassy in Berlin and the
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Trunov, Philipp. "The Features and Results of the Dialogue between Germany and the Nordic Countries in the Political and Military Spheres in the 2010s." ISTORIYA 12, no. 11 (109) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017776-2.

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The article examines the dynamics of Germany's relations with the Nordic countries in the military-political sphere in the 2010s, taking into account the historical experience of their contacts. The author tries to explore both regional and bilateral (interstate) levels. The article shows that the foreign policy of Prussia and then Germany before the World War II, based on the active use of military instruments, was one of the reasons for Sweden (1814) and Finland (1955) to choose a neutral status in the military sphere. Chronologically, special attention is paid to the period of the
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HENNOCK, E. P. "Vaccination Policy Against Smallpox, 1835-1914: A Comparison of England with Prussia and Imperial Germany." Social History of Medicine 11, no. 1 (1998): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/11.1.49.

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Rustemović, Rifet. "Between the Sovereignty, State-control and Non-interference in Religion. The Islamic Community and the Muslims of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Antithesis of the German Orientalist Carl Heinrich Becker (1876–1933)." Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju 72, no. 72 (2023): 261–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.48116/issn.2303-8586.2022.72.261.

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February 2023 marks the 90th anniversary of the death of Carl Heinrich Becker (1876–1933), a famous German orientalist, founder of modern Islamic studies in Germany and the Prussian Minister of Culture and Education (1921, 1925–1930). Since his appearance on the German and European intellectual scene at the beginning of the 20th century, C. H. Becker tried to focus his various interests not only on a historical and cultural research of medieval Islam but also on Muslim contemporary issues. Based on this, his analysis of the European colonial powers regarding their Islampolitik found its main m
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Kożuchowski, Łukasz. "Press coverage of the Zabern affair (1913–1914) in Prussian partition and in Upper Silesia." Echa Przeszłości, no. XXV/2 (December 25, 2024): 83–105. https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.5002.

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The article analyzes the coverage of the Zabern affair (1913–1914) in selected Polish newspapers published in Prussian partition and in Upper Silesia. The affair was a crisis of domestic policy in the German Empire shortly before the outbreak of World War I. The portrayal of the events and the main protagonists of the Zabern affair, including Emperor Wilhelm II, in Polish press was also examined. The article discusses the parallels between the published accounts of the Zabern affair and the fate of Poles living in Prussian partition. Attempts were also made to identify cultural factors and ste
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Datsenko, Pavel. "On Some Specifics in the Work of Russian Diplomatic Missions in the States of the German Confederation in the Middle of the 19th Century." ISTORIYA 14, no. 9 (131) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840028004-3.

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The article is devoted to the work of the diplomatic missions of the Russian Empire in the secondary German states that were part of the German Confederation. In historiography, these missions are paid relatively less attention than Russia’s diplomatic relations with Austria and Prussia, as a result — the whole direction of Russian foreign policy towards the German Confederation and its members is beyond the scope of research interest. At the same time, the materials of the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (AVPRI) make it possible to study the work of these missions and their si
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Świerczewska-Gąsiorowska, Anna. "Criminal Legislation at the Time of Poland’s Regaining Independence." Internal Security Special Issue (January 14, 2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8400.

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The third partition of Poland, and thus the collapse of the Polish state, spontaneously forced a situation in which the legal orders of the partitioning states came into force almost immediately on Polish lands. In the lands divided between Prussia, Russia and Austria, legal acts of the partitioning states came into force with a strong influence of models derived from French legislation. The Polish lands which came under Austrian rule found themselves in the reality, in which the Austrian legislator conducted codification works on the new penal code, which resulted in the fact that in 1787 the
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Caruso, Amerigo. "Joining Forces against ‘Strike Terrorism’: The Public-Private Interplay in Policing Strikes in Imperial Germany, 1890–1914." European History Quarterly 49, no. 4 (2019): 597–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691419864007.

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This article examines the blurred boundaries between public and private repressive practices in Wilhelmine Germany with a special focus on the legal and administrative framework drawn up to redistribute security tasks and delegate the use of violence to non-state actors. While the rapid escalation of political violence in Central and Eastern Europe after 1917 has been widely discussed in the recent historiography, the structure of violence in the pre-war period remains less explored, especially with regard to the public-private interplay in the policing of popular protests. After the first mas
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Grochowina, Sylwia. "German Cultural Policy in the Reich Province of Danzig-West Prussia: A Short Characteristic." Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne 60, no. 4 (2018): 142–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/athena.2018.60.09.

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Bruhns, Hinnerk, and Suzanne Kirkbright. "Max Weber and the Problem of a ‘Successful Peace’." Simmel Studies 22, no. 2 (2019): 35–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058557ar.

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“How can we think of peace? And when?”, Max Weber asks in a letter to Ferdinand Tönnies, in 14 October 1914. This article focuses on the concept of “successful” peace, the decisive concept for Weber’s ideas about the “way out of the war” that the author refined between 1914–1918 in his speeches, texts and letters. For Weber, a successful peace depended not only on the foreign policy dimension but even more on important inner reforms and a fundamental reorganisation of the German Reich. Analysing Weber’s “ideas of 1918” – radically opposed to the well-known “ideas of 1914” – this paper focuses
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Rathgeber, Christina. "The Reception of Brandenburg-Prussia's New Lutheran Hymnal of 1781." Historical Journal 36, no. 1 (1993): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00016137.

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ABSTRACTThe attempted introduction of a new rationalist Lutheran hymnal into Brandenburg-Prussia in 1781 was largely a failure due to the successful popular opposition towards it. This opposition was inaugurated by four parishes in Berlin. They petitioned the monarch in January 1781 with the request to continue using the old hymnal. Similar petitions were submitted from the Landstände of Pomerania, Magdeburg and East Frisia. Frederick II immediately granted this concession to all parishes in Brandenburg-Prussia. The strength of this opposition – which also occurred in other German lands where
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Kaunas, Domas. "Lithuanian Postcard in the struggle against Imperial Russia." Knygotyra 79 (December 30, 2022): 71–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.2022.79.121.

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The article is devoted to a peculiar episode of the struggle of Lithuanians against the policy of persecution based on nationality which was pursued by Imperial Russia between 1864 and 1904. Its participants were representatives of the parts of the Lithuanian nation separated by the border between Germany and the Russian Empire – Martynas Jankus (1858–1946), a German citizen, a Lithuanian of East Prussia, the owner of a printing office in Tilsit (Lith. Tilžė, currently Sovetsk, a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian Federation) and a group of Lithuanian young people who were operating illeg
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