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Chiang, Sarah M., Tao Dong, Thomas A. Edge i Herb E. Schellhorn. "Phenotypic Diversity Caused by Differential RpoS Activity among Environmental Escherichia coli Isolates". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, nr 22 (23.09.2011): 7915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05274-11.
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ABSTRACTEnteric bacteria deposited into the environment by animal hosts are subject to diverse selective pressures. These pressures may act on phenotypic differences in bacterial populations and select adaptive mutations for survival in stress. As a model to study phenotypic diversity in environmental bacteria, we examined mutations of the stress response sigma factor, RpoS, in environmentalEscherichia coliisolates. A total of 2,040 isolates from urban beaches and nearby fecal pollution sources on Lake Ontario (Canada) were screened for RpoS function by examining growth on succinate and catalase activity, two RpoS-dependent phenotypes. TherpoSsequence was determined for 45 isolates, including all candidate RpoS mutants, and of these, six isolates were confirmed as mutants with the complete loss of RpoS function. Similarly to laboratory strains, the RpoS expression of these environmental isolates was stationary phase dependent. However, the expression of RpoS regulon members KatE and AppA had differing levels of expression in several environmental isolates compared to those in laboratory strains. Furthermore, after platingrpoS+isolates on succinate, RpoS mutants could be readily selected from environmentalE. coli. Naturally isolated and succinate-selected RpoS mutants had lower generation times on poor carbon sources and lower stress resistance than theirrpoS+isogenic parental strains. These results show that RpoS mutants are present in the environment (with a frequency of 0.003 among isolates) and that, similarly to laboratory and pathogenic strains, growth on poor carbon sources selects forrpoSmutations in environmentalE. coli. RpoS selection may be an important determinant of phenotypic diversification and, hence, the survival ofE. coliin the environment.
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Khondaker, Abu Mokeram. "Environmental Pollution and Management". International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 5, nr 4 (2014): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2014.v5.519.
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Ding, Qianxing, Lianying Zhang i Shanshan Huang. "Research on Environmental Pollution Control Based on Tripartite Evolutionary Game in China’s New-Type Urbanization". Sustainability 16, nr 15 (25.07.2024): 6363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16156363.
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The inconsistency of interests among local governments, polluting companies, and the public reduces the efficiency of environmental pollution control, posing a significant challenge in harmonizing these interests to achieve environmental sustainability in China’s new-type urbanization. To elucidate the strategic decision-making rules of each party in environmental pollution control, this study constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model and analyzes the evolutionary stable strategies (ESS), identifying the influencing factors of the parties’ strategies. Subsequently, numerical simulations are used to examine the asymptotic stability of various ESS and the effects of parameter variation on these ESS. The results indicate the existence of optimal ESS wherein all three parties adopt environmentally friendly strategies. Specifically, local governments can mitigate expenses for polluting companies to implement low-pollution strategies, while concurrently facilitating public participation in pollution control. Public participation can enhance the supervisory capabilities of local governments and exert a positive influence on polluting companies. Furthermore, the simulation results suggest that the ESS of the parties can evolve into the expected ESS by adjusting the influencing factors reasonably, thereby supporting environmental sustainability in China’s new-type urbanization.
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Su, Rong Jun. "Study and Analysis on Pollution of Coal Washing and Separating Project". Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (luty 2012): 2082–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2082.
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. In order to study the environmental impact of coal washing and separating industry, took Beize coal separating plant as an example to analyze its pollution. According to the requirements of Chinese environmental assessment and its project situation, analyzed its features of technological process and possible pollution such as noise, dust, smoke, SO2, waste water and waste solid etc. during construction and operating period. Accident risk analysis was also done. As a result, the intensity of polluting source were confirmed as 0.47 t/a of dust, 2.60t/a of SO2, 2.38t/a of soot and 40.52t/a of coal gangue respectively. Finally, precaution measures for above mentioned pollutions were proponed. This would lay a sound foundation for the following environmental impact assessment.
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Abbasi, Samira, i Saeid Pourmorad. "Geochemical Insights into Environmental Studies". Cadernos de Geografia 49 (15.05.2024): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0871-1623_49_3.
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Environmental pollutions are considered a significant challenge in all human societies. Heavy metals, recognized as fundamental environmental pollutants, enter the environment through human activities and can pose various environmental hazards. In this study, a comprehensive investigation of environmental pollutions in Aligudarz County is considered as a strategic point in Iran and serves as a model for similar studies worldwide. The research utilizes geochemical, mineralogical, and statistical approaches to examine pollutions, providing innovative and quantitative insights into understanding the geochemistry of the environment and the relationship between pollutions and environmental factors. The results indicate that the study area is subject to moderate to severe pollution from toxic elements, including molybdenum, lead, cadmium, and copper. These pollutions are correlated with the geochemical, mineralogical, and environmental analysis of the region, and the information derived from this study contributes to environmental management and protection. Considering the research findings, this research model can serve as a global template for environmental studies, playing a crucial role in enhancing understanding of pollutions and advancing knowledge in this field. Therefore, the current research has a broad impact on fostering innovations and advancing knowledge in pollution management and environmental conservation.
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Zhang, Hongmin, i Jinghua Zhang. "Pollution Transfer under Intergovernmental Competition: Suppression or Opportunity". Sustainability 15, nr 21 (27.10.2023): 15363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152115363.
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In recent years, the Sustainable Development Goals have introduced a “race to the top” mechanism to complement the “race to the bottom” in local governance and have an impact on pollution. This study utilizes the environmentally oriented accreditation of National Civilized Cities as a policy shock and applies the PSM-DID method to identify the pollution-relocation effects among cities triggered by the competition in local governance. The results indicate that environmentally oriented intergovernmental competition leads to the transfer of industrial enterprises to non-accredited cities, resulting in a significant increase in their pollution emissions and industrial pollution intensity. This indicates that the competition in asymmetric local governance will lead to the transfer of pollution to backward regions, which hampers the overall implementation efficiency of national environmental policies. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact is more significant for cities in the central and western regions. Being nominated for the National Civilized City accreditation helps to inhibit the influx of polluting enterprises. Cities that are not part of integrated environmental regulatory regions show a more pronounced increase in pollution emissions compared to other cities, indicating that symmetric local government environmental regulations and environmental collaborative governance contribute to restraining pollution transfer.
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Lv, Xiao Ming, Xiao Ming Li i Jing Yong Liu. "Discussion on the Pollution Characteristics in Environmental Monitoring Laboratory and its Corresponding Control Countermeasures". Advanced Materials Research 549 (lipiec 2012): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.945.
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With the continuous improvement of our environmental monitoring system, environmental monitoring laboratory has actually become the typical small pollution sources, which caused very prominent environmental pollutions. However, the pollution problems in the environmental monitoring laboratory are basically in the neglected state and without the standardized management. The paper analyzed the common polluted emissions and characteristics about the process of environmental monitoring in the laboratory. How to reduce laboratory contamination from the sampling, chemical analysis and monitoring processes was discussed. The main pollution problems were caused by the lack of laboratory environmental awareness and the laboratory contamination control at the expense. In conclusion, strengthen the environmental monitoring laboratory management and environmental education, recycling the laboratory waste, separating collection, and treating by different methods are the main ways to solve the pollutions in the Lab. The monitoring departments at all levels must improve its environmental quality in order to reduce the environmental pollutions and make efforts to avoid the pollution of the monitoring laboratory waste.
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Garoui, Nassreddine, Raida Chakroun i Ezzeddine Ben Mohamed. "Mapping environmental pollution disclosures in Tunisia". Environmental Economics 8, nr 2 (5.07.2017): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(2).2017.07.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the mental models of actors in Tunisian firms with respect to the environmental pollution. The authors use a cognitive map to observe these mental diagrams and to visualize ways to conceptualize the environmental pollution and to understand this concept through the presentation and analysis of the cognitive maps of Tunisian firm’s actors. Each actor’s systematic exploration grid shows a balance of concepts that expresses their cognitive orientation. Thus, the authors visualize the concepts (variables) that structure the cognitive universe of the actors, which is projected in terms of influences and dependencies. This research provides some lines of thought about environmental and pollution reporting that should be explored further. The research can only help to launch a debate on corporate accountability and transparency.
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Prof. Dr. P.S. Kamble, Prof Dr P. S. Kamble. "Impact of Environmental Pollution on Maharashtra". Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, nr 11 (1.10.2011): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/nov2013/36.
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Yasmeen, Bushra, Nermeen Jamshaid i Muhammad Zohaib Khan. "ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION EFFECTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH". Journal of Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College 04, nr 04 (30.12.2022): 154–63. https://doi.org/10.51127/jamdcv4i4oa01.
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Background:Environmental pollution impactspublic health and is accountable for causing many of the current environmental challenges and issues. To face environmental challenges,environmental education is a necessary factor to look after.An effort was made to find out the major source of environmentalpollution,the relationship between sources of pollution, andthe public health issues due to environmental pollution.Material and Methods:A cross-sectional survey method was used. Using a systematic random sampling technique, data was collected from 429 households in Samanabad Town(225 households from UC-86,204 households from UC-107, one person from each household).Data wereanalyzed by using SPSS 21. Results:The study indicatesthat burning, winter heating,and construction workersfound the major sources of environmental pollution and cause of multiple health issues: eyes and pulmonary. It is creating serious issues in social life,such as dust, traffic jam, emergencies, feweroutdoor activities and social distancing. Traffic issues create sudden emergencies affecting public health negatively. Conclusion:Public awareness through education on environmental changes and climate, tree plantation and social education for the adoption of safety measures about and health seems to be a health-conscious approach; how to live a safe life needed to be addressed: social education and health education along with the polluted free friendly environment.Key Words: Environmental Pollution, Public health, Health education
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Lyu, Jingye, Xiaolu Wang i Wenwen Zhou. "Has Technological Finance Improved Environmental Pollution Control Levels in Heavily Polluting Industries?" Sustainability 16, nr 14 (13.07.2024): 5996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16145996.
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Developing new productivity adapted to local conditions and actively promoting the green transformation of industries is the key to improving environmental pollution control levels. Based on data from 697 listed companies in heavily polluting industries nationwide from 2012 to 2022, this paper empirically examines the impact mechanisms, paths, and heterogeneity of technological finance, technological innovation, and financing constraints on environmental pollution control levels. The study shows that technological finance significantly improves the environmental pollution control levels of heavily polluting enterprises. However, there is some greenwashing behavior in the utilization of technological finance funds. Technological innovation and financing constraints play a partial mediating role in the process of improving environmental pollution control levels through technological finance. Compared with non-state-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises are more sensitive to the enhancement of environmental pollution control through technological finance. To improve the environmental pollution control levels of heavily polluting enterprises, those located in strictly regulated “dual control areas” are less influenced by technological finance compared to those outside these areas. This paper also attempts to explore the factors affecting the sustainable green development of heavily polluting industries and provides policy recommendations for improving the environmental pollution control levels of heavily polluting enterprises.
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Shapiro, Joseph S., i Reed Walker. "Where Is Pollution Moving? Environmental Markets and Environmental Justice". AEA Papers and Proceedings 111 (1.05.2021): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20211004.
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Do US air pollution offset markets disproportionately relocate pollution to or from low-income or minority communities? Concerns about an equal distribution of environmental quality across communities--environmental justice--have growing policy influence. We relate prices and quantities of offset transactions to the demographics of the communities surrounding polluting plants. We find little association of offset prices or offset-induced movements in pollution with the share of a community that is Black or Hispanic or with mean household income. This analysis of 12 prominent offset markets suggests that they do not substantially increase or decrease the equity of environmental outcomes.
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Zhang, Zhonghao, Tiantian Nie, Yingtao Wu, Jiahui Ling i Danhuang Huang. "The Temporal and Spatial Distributions and Influencing Factors of Transboundary Pollution in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 8 (12.04.2022): 4643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084643.
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Transboundary pollution between neighboring regions seriously affects the efficiency of overall environmental governance; however, there are few studies focused on how to estimate the degree of transboundary pollution between different regions. With China as a case study, this article developed a new measurement to estimate the degree of transboundary pollution among regions, and comprehensively investigated the influencing factors of transboundary pollution in China between 2000 and 2013. The results indicate that transboundary pollution effects exist in China. In ascending order, the regions most affected overall by transboundary pollution from polluting enterprises were as follows: eastern region < central region < western region. The reduction in transboundary pollution effects was most prominent for severely polluting enterprises in the eastern and western regions and lightly polluting enterprises in the central region. An analysis of the influencing factors reveals that the regional environmental regulation intensity has a negative feedback effect on the transboundary pollution effects. These findings indicate that polluting enterprises in regions with a low environmental regulation intensity are more inclined to operate in border areas to obtain both the environmental benefits associated with the low local environmental regulation intensity and the market economy benefits associated with neighboring urban regions, thereby aggravating environmental pollution in border areas.
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Hsu, Hung Cheng, i Wei Shang Fan. "Engineering Management on Modeling of Environmental Protection". Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (sierpień 2013): 3352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.3352.
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Management on modeling and measuring are seldom seen in management research but it is a good measurement to some issues. Environment & Energy issues are important but still no optimal solution. In the study, we use the mathematical model to deal with the management application. Earth pollutions are getting more and more serious. The Environment & Energy issues are two significant problems nowadays. The pollutions on earth are needed to be limited. We should do something on controlling the limited pollutions on earth as possible as we can. The study pays attention on the optimal control of the pollutions by mathematical models. We try to make the optimal solution on the pollutions origin. With the efficient control of the pollutions, the earth can absorb and invert the pollutions. This is the main purpose of the study and the methodology are seldom seem in researches. The study also uses mathematical model to make this issue to be a discussible model. With the mathematical models and Euler equation in the study, we can get the optimal solution in scientific method and it is available for governments to handle with the pollution control. In the study, we take water pollution for example because air and water are two main matters for human beings. If water pollutions are getting serious, we hardly survive. Key words: Euler equation, mathematical models
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Zhao, Liuwei, i Shuai Jin. "Research on the Impact of Ecological Civilization Construction on Environmental Pollution Control in China—Based on Differential Game Theory". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (4.03.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552069.
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With environmental pollution problems becoming more and more serious, administrators need to change their original system of performance achievement evaluation and build a new performance achievement view of ecological civilization. Based on the view of achievement evaluation of ecological civilization, this research develops a continuous-time differential game of environmental pollution control between local government and enterprises by taking into consideration dynamic change in pollutants in the environment into account. By analyzing the equilibrium solution of the game, the role of the assessment mechanism of ecological civilization is explored, and countermeasures are proposed to provide a scientific basis for improving the assessment mechanism of ecological civilization in China’s environmental pollution control. The results have shown that enterprises’ equilibrium pollutants output is negatively correlated to Ecological Civilization Index. Instead, the government’s efforts to curb pollutions are positively correlated to the environmental review. With th`at, lowering enterprises’ cost of production and pollution reduction alongside imposing more severe punishment would help improve pollution management. Setting up reasonable reward-punishment system would improve local governments’ pollution management. Elsewhere, the research employs the method of numerical simulation to testify the relationship among the importance of environmental review, enterprises’ pollutant output, and government’s efforts to manage pollutions. Finally, the research also suggests necessary measures to solve environmental pollutions and introduces a numerical simulation analysis.
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Zhou, Caihua, Hualin Xie i Xinmin Zhang. "Does Fiscal Policy Promote Third-Party Environmental Pollution Control in China? An Evolutionary Game Theoretical Approach". Sustainability 11, nr 16 (16.08.2019): 4434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164434.
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To promote third-party environmental pollution control in China, it is necessary to dissect the mechanism of fiscal policy in third-party environmental pollution control. This study first discusses the acting paths of fiscal policies on third-party environmental pollution control in theory. A tripartite evolutionary game model involving the local government, the polluting enterprise, and the third-party enterprise is established. The replicator dynamics, evolutionary stability strategies, and numerical simulation of the behavior of the three participants are analyzed to further study the acting mechanism of fiscal policy in third-party environmental pollution control. In addition, the influences of other parameters on the implementation of third-party environmental pollution control are evaluated. The results show that the behaviors of the local government, the polluting enterprise, and the third-party enterprise influence each other. Furthermore, strengthening the relevant fiscal policy, reducing the risks of the polluting enterprise and third-party enterprise, and improving the benefit to the local government are conducive to promoting third-party environmental pollution control in China. Based on these results, this study proposes the following policy implications: formulating fiscal policies for third-party environmental pollution control, implementing fiscal policies in a dynamic and progressive manner, improving the market mechanism of third-party environmental pollution control, and strengthening the environmental performance assessment of the local government.
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Ridho'i, Ronal. "Doom to Disaster? Industrial Pollution in Sidoarjo 1975—2006". Lembaran Sejarah 13, nr 2 (27.02.2018): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.33543.
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Massive industrialization causes various pollutions (water, air, land and noise). Until early 2000s, facts proved that the environmental condition of Sidoarjo getting worse because of the high level of pollution in this area. This paper aims to explain industrial pollution, regulation of pollution and the debate of pollution cases in Sidoarjo since 1975-2006. Author uses an environmental history approach to analize this phenomenon, and peruses archival sources, newspapers, magazines and interview. This research finds out that industrial pollutions in Sidoarjo still continuously happen until today. Meanwhile, the govenrment regulations were not effectively decrease industrial pollutions because of collusion practice between industrialists and local government, and even with the military personnel particularly during the New Order. This paper proves that the government regulations and law enforcement about the environment were not resolving the pollution problems in Sidoarjo.
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Lin, Wen Qi, Qiu Sang, Ting Yu i Ming Fei Ma. "Restructing Industry Category and Distribution across Administrative Areas Based on Environmental Constraint - A Case Study of Wuhai and its Surrounding Regions, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China". Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (maj 2012): 3283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.3283.
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Industrial agglomeration often happens in the surrounding areas of a relatively developed industrial zone. If these industries are not environmentally friendly, the entire area will be contaminated. This is often the case in China. Therefore, in order to reduce the pollution in these contaminated regions, restructuring the category, size and spatial distribution of the surrounding industries based on the environmental constraints is urgently needed. In this paper, we build the relationship between the environmental contaminants and the industrial types, calculate the amount of pollution distribution in the industrial chain, and propose the approaches to control the types, size and spatial distribution of polluting industries. In the case of Wuhai and its surrounding regions(WH&SR), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, based on the calculation of industrial types, size and spatial distribution in every cross-border region, we find that under the world-leading Cleaner Production Standards, output of polluting industries should be less than 20% in order to achieve its environmental goals.
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Shi, Haoming, Fei Xu, Jinfu Cheng i Victor Shi. "Exploring the Evolution of the Food Chain under Environmental Pollution with Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation". Sustainability 15, nr 13 (28.06.2023): 10232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310232.
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Environmental pollution has led to many ecological issues, including air, water, and soil contamination. Developing appropriate pollution control measures to mitigate these hazards and protect our environment is critical. In that respect, we developed a mathematical model to study the evolution of ecosystems containing food chains under environmental pollution. We integrate environmental pollution into a three-species food chain model, which includes a prey population, an intermediate predator population, and an apex predator population. The equilibrium points of the model are obtained and we analyze their stability. Numerical simulations are carried out to explore the dynamics of the model. The simulation results show that the model presents complex, chaotic, dynamic behaviors. Our study demonstrates that the interactions of individual populations in the food chain and the effects of environmental pollution can result in complex dynamics. The investigation provides insights into the evolution of the food chain in a polluted environment. Our research shows that pollution can disturb the equilibrium in nature, leading to complex and chaotic effects. Reducing environmental pollution can restore the food chain to an orderly state. Environmental pollution will harm the healthy development of each species in the ecosystem. Reducing pollution and restoring each species’ habitats are effective strategies for restoring a healthy ecosystem. Natural ecosystems are often polluted by domestic and industrial sources. The environmental protection department should allocate more resources to address domestic pollution and enhance domestic wastewater treatment methods. Industrial pollution can be reduced by encouraging companies to invest in treating wastewater and waste gases. It is also vital to prevent the establishment of highly polluting industries in environmentally sensitive environments.
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Monia, Shadika Haque. "Environmental Impact Assessment Initiated to Mitigate Pollutions from Industries". International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities 3, nr 1 (30.06.2020): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v3i1.161.
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Industrial pollution is a Buzzword of the present world. At the same time, there needs industrial development along with the mitigation of pollution, but in practice, industries are increasing with polluters although protection of pollution is lagging. The conservation of natural wealth is growing through various processes without thinking about the future. As an overpopulated country, a large number of industries have been contributing to enrich the economy of Bangladesh. In addition to there is no specific legal mechanism in the country to control industrial pollution which causes danger for the environment. The paper endeavors to find out the present legal instruments regarding environmental pollution caused by industries in Bangladesh, whether these are sufficient to prevent such pollution or not. Therefore, there is no specific legislation under IEL to mitigate industrial pollutions The research will contribute to the courtier's policymaking in the field of environmental protection, very few research has done in this area. As there is no specific legislation dealing with industrial pollutions, the Article tries to facilitate the need for specific legislation or mechanism on this matter by mentioning critics of existing legislations and found that, in absence of specific legislation the country is facing environmental threats every day. The data is analyzed with qualitative methods, both primary and secondary data is analyzed for the same. The research is done with doctrinal based analytical research.
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Dutta, Nivedita, i K. Narayanan. "Impact of Environmental Regulation on Technical Efficiency". Science, Technology and Society 16, nr 3 (listopad 2011): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097172181101600305.
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There is a large concentration of chemical firms around Mumbai, and the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board has been actively monitoring them. Such monitoring is likely to have an impact on the productive efficiency of these firms. The firms argue that additional costs to minimise environmental damage have reduced their efficiency. We try to find out whether these water-polluting firms in the chemical industry around Mumbai are actually unable to cope with the additional cost of pollution abatement, or whether by using cleaner practices, are able to improve their efficiency, and support the ‘win-win’ opportunities as claimed by the Porter Hypothesis. The study is carried out by estimating an Output Distance Function using a stochastic production function. The panel data of fifty water-polluting small-to medium-scale firms for three-year period of 2004–06 was collected in a primary survey of chemical industries around Mumbai. We find that the polluting firms are technically more efficient than those firms which adhere to pollution norms. Thus, the Porter Hypothesis does not hold for the sample.
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Hasanuzzaman i Chandan Bhar. "Environmental Sustainability". International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 8, nr 4 (październik 2017): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2017100104.
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The Indian textile industry is significantly contributing to the socio-economic development of the country but is often condemned for adverse environmental impacts. The textile industry encompasses huge consumption of raw material and produces high volume of waste as byproduct. When the waste is released into the environment, it contaminates the environment by polluting air, water, land and soil. The pollution impact of wet processing and fiber production is very detrimental to the environment. Whereas, yarn formation and fabric formation are responsible for heavy noise and dust generation in the workroom. Taking this forward, current study has makes an attempt to present an overview of environmental sustainability status of Indian textile industry and provide necessary suggestions. It is found from the study that pollution impact from fiber formation and wet processing of textiles is spread beyond shop floor but pollution impact of yarn formation and fabric formation are limited to the workroom only. An efficient waste management system can reduce these impacts.
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Li, Meng, i Dan Wang. "Environmental Pollution and Economic Growth". Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (luty 2014): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.340.
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This paper utilize generalized impulse response function of the VAR model and variance decomposition method to investigate the effects of long-term dynamic characteristics between environmental pollution indicators and GDP per capita in 11 provinces of western China in the 1992-2010.Impulse response analysis showed that:on the one hand economic growth is a major cause of environmental pollution.Environmental pollution on the other hand, economic growth, there are also a reverse effect.however, this force has a certain lag effect. Variance decomposition results show that although environmental pollutionis an important variable to forecast economic growth, the economic growth has little contribution to explain various types of environmental pollution predictor.
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Pei, Weiqi, i Weiran Pei. "Empirical Study on the Impact of Government Environmental Subsidies on Environmental Performance of Heavily Polluting Enterprises Based on the Regulating Effect of Internal Control". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 1 (21.12.2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010098.
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At present, China’s economy is developing rapidly; however, at the same time, it is also bringing more and more serious environmental problems. Although many laws have been established in the country to limit pollution by enterprises—and enterprises are actively saving energy and reducing pollution—the situation is still not optimistic. In 2016, there were 35 cities across the country that exceeded the annual average air quality standard; these regions have been plagued by haze for a long time, which seriously threatens people’s health and sustainable social and economic development. Therefore, while pursuing economic benefits and realizing greater value, importance must be attached to environmental performance, especially for enterprises with serious pollution. Using the panel regression analysis method, based on the data of enterprises from 2010 to 2019, this paper empirically analyzes the effects of government environmental protection subsidies and internal control quality on the environmental performance of heavily polluting enterprises, and verifies the nonlinear critical effect of government subsidies and internal control on environmental performance. In addition, this paper also uses the intermediate effect model to verify the mechanism by which environmental subsidies impact the environmental performance of heavily polluting enterprises. Through the empirical analysis, the effects of environmental protection subsidies and internal control on the environmental performance of enterprises with serious pollution are obtained. In the process of environmental subsidy affecting the environmental performance of heavy-polluting enterprises, internal control plays a key intermediary role. In addition, environmental subsidies and internal controls have a certain impact on the environmental performance of heavily polluting enterprises. Through the empirical analysis, it is concluded that there are obvious differences between government subsidies and internal control on the environmental governance effects of heavily polluting enterprises in different regions and with different property rights. Among them, the environmental protection subsidies have the greatest impact on pollution degree in the central region, followed by the eastern region; in the western region, it is not obvious. Secondly, the incentive effect of government environmental subsidies on state-owned enterprises with serious environmental pollution is better than the environmental governance effect of non-state-owned enterprises.
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Xu, Jun, Yuchen Jiang, Xin Guo i Li Jiang. "Environmental Efficiency Assessment of Heavy Pollution Industry by Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index Analysis: Empirical Evidence from China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 11 (27.05.2021): 5761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115761.
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Industrial waste discharged by heavy pollution industry is one of the main causes of global environmental degradation. Research on the environmental efficiency of high-polluting industry is necessary to tackle the problem of global environmental pollution. Using panel data of 19 sub-industries in China’s heavy pollution industry from 2001 to 2015, this article employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index (MI) to measure the environmental efficiency of heavy pollution industry from both the dynamic and static perspectives. The results show that the environmental efficiency of China’s heavy pollution industry maintains an upward trend but did not reach the optimal level. The general trend shows a phased trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Besides, there are inter-industry differences in the environmental efficiency across the examined sub-industries. Based on the research findings, this article proposes a set of corresponding countermeasures to solve the global pollution problem, such as reducing energy inputs and minimizing the volumes of the main categories of emissions in high-polluting industry, as well as improving the production management in the group of high environmental efficiency and strengthening technical capabilities in the group of low environmental efficiency.
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Chen, Jing, i Xiaoxue Mu. "Review on Environmental Treatment of Heavy Pollution Industry". E3S Web of Conferences 329 (2021): 01045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132901045.
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The development of heavy pollution industry has a certain impact on the ecological environment. This paper combs and summarizes the environmental treatment technology of heavy pollution industry from the aspects of air pollution and water pollution. During studing the advantages and disadvantages of various environmental treatment technologies, the authors finds that there are the following problems in the development of environmental treatment technology of heavy pollution industry in China: there is a lack of long-term planning for air pollution environmental treatment; The cost of water pollution control is high and the energy consumption is large. Therefore, relevant environmental governance departments should promote the concept of sustainable development and strengthen the constraints of waste gas and sewage treatment process; Enterprises in heavy pollution industries need to learn and learn from the cutting-edge technologies of environmental governance; Social media positively guide enterprises in heavily polluting industries to protect the ecological environment through public supervision.
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Clark, Jeffrey. "The U.S. environmental protection Agency Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Program". Pollution atmosphérique, NS 1 (1.04.2009): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/pollution-atmospherique.7014.
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He, Ling-Yun, i Hui Huang. "Economic Benefits and Pollutants Emission Embodied in China–US Merchandise Trade—Comparative Analysis Based on Gross Trade, Value Added Trade and Value Added in Trade". Sustainability 13, nr 20 (13.10.2021): 11322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011322.
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The main focuses of the Sino–US trade dispute are the issue of trade interests. If taking environmental costs into consideration, the trade interests are even more overestimated. There are different methods for measuring trade interests, and the results obtained under different methods differ. This paper uses the gross trade, value-added trade and value-added-in trade framework to calculate the economic gains and correspondent embodied pollution in China–US trade, compares the differences in results under different models and makes possible explanations. Our conclusions are as follows: (1) Traditional gross trade statistics have overestimated China’s economic benefits. The trade balance in gross trade was overestimated by 35% and 40% compared to the value-added trade and value-added-in trade. (2) China was a net exporter of embodied pollution and paid huge environmental costs from 1995 to 2011. (3) China’s exports are environmentally worse than the United States, and the calculation of pollution terms of trade proves that China paid a greater environmental cost for the same amount of economic benefits. (4) Different accounting frameworks have a great impact on the embodied pollution results at the industry level. Pollution based on value-added trade was more concentrated. The major polluting industries also changed.
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Hall, Derek. "Environmental Change, Protest, and Havens of Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Asia". Global Environmental Politics 2, nr 2 (1.05.2002): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15263800260047808.
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This paper explores the relevance for the debate on “pollution havens” of two cases from the international political economy of Japan-Southeast Asia relations. It begins by suggesting that the typical focus of the pollution havens literature is too narrow, and concentrates instead on the broader question of the extent to which the environmental transformations associated with particular sectors influence their international siting patterns. The first case—the changes in Japanese FDI to Asia in the 1970s—demonstrates that Japanese firms and the Japanese state consciously attempted to relocate highly-polluting industry in order to escape anti-pollution protest in Japan. The second case—the effort to create in Asia and the Pacific an export-oriented industrial tree plantation (ITP) sector supplying regional pulp and paper markets—shows, somewhat counterintuitively, that political contestation related to the environmental problems caused by ITPs has encouraged Japanese companies to concentrate their tree planting activity not in Southeast Asia but in Australia.
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Li, Hanna, i Yu Chen. "Polluting Industry Agglomeration, Environmental Regulation, and Urban Air Quality". Sustainability 17, nr 4 (19.02.2025): 1731. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041731.
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In China, with the increasing emphasis on the concept of green sustainable development, polluting industries characterized by pollution and high energy consumption are facing unprecedented challenges. The development of the intermediate demand-type characteristics of polluting industries should be more reasonably laid out and regulated. In this paper, environmental regulation and environmental quality are introduced into the new economic geography model. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the IV regression method was used to study the interaction between polluting industry agglomeration, environmental regulation, and their effects on urban air quality with key cities as research objects. The results show that an increase in the agglomeration of polluting industries leads to significant deterioration in urban air quality and that this effect is linear, whereas an increase in the intensity of environmental regulation significantly dampens this effect. Each 1% increase in the intensity of environmental regulation results in a 1.17% reduction in air pollution. Therefore, to effectively protect the environment, the development of polluting industries should be relatively decentralized. Additionally, city governments should fully consider their urban eco-geographical characteristics, directly reduce and indirectly inhibit the degree of agglomeration of polluting industries and simultaneously strengthen the intensity of environmental regulation.
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Nikola, S. O. "�RGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF STATE STIMULATION OF ECOLOGICAL-ORIENTED BUSINESS". Economic innovations 19, nr 2(64) (7.07.2017): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2017.19.2(64).230-234.
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The article proposes the organizational structure of state stimulation of environmentally oriented business. Norms are considered that should be developed based on the results of completed, specially conducted scientific research, survey and design work, using foreign experience. The matrix-rating approach to the assessment of pollution of the environment with the purpose of applying tax, investment incentives and penal sanctions is substantiated. In order to stimulate ecologically oriented business, it is necessary to use a matrix-rating approach to the assessment of environmental pollution in order to apply tax, investment incentives and penalties. To do this, a matrix of total volumes of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere from stationary and mobile sources of pollution should be made taking into account their aggressiveness, the total volumes of pollutant discharge into water bodies also taking into account their aggressiveness and the total volumes of disposal (dumping) of waste at landfills, polygons. The basic systems of preferential taxation are defined for stimulation of reduction of volumes of polluting substances: regulatory taxes should be aimed at the direct prevention of pollution of natural resources, and the tax is commensurate with the economic and environmental damage to the natural environment and public health. The financing taxes are aimed at the collection of monetary amounts and their accumulation in the budget, from which various environmental protection measures are financed. The peculiarity of this type of environmental taxes is that they should not be tightly linked to the negative consequences of production and economic activity. Funding environmental taxes should take into account specific technologies, types of products that must be restricted in production (environmentally hazardous technologies and products), and also when waste management is costly.
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Wang, Kai, i Ao Wang. "One Belt and One Road Impact on Environment, Economy & Health in Western China Through Industry Transfer". Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 30, nr 2 (1.06.2023): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2023-0020.
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Abstract Based on fully absorbing and learning from the relevant research results at home and abroad, this paper focuses on four aspects: the transfer of polluting industries in the central and western regions and residents’ health problems. Firstly, the current pattern and development trend of regional pollution transfer in China; secondly, the economic effect of the transfer of polluting industries on the western undertaking areas; finally, from the micro and macro perspectives, the paper investigates the impact of the transfer of polluting industries on the individual health and health expenditure of residents in western China. The results show that the gap between industrial environmental and economic efficiency in the western region narrowed and gradually stabilised from 2008 to 2017. However, the gap between industrial environmental efficiency and economic efficiency in the western region widened from 2017 to 2020. The impact of environmental pollution on industrial environmental efficiency in the western provinces and regions has regional differences. Secondly, the present situation and trend of pollution control in western China are macroscopically investigated by comparing the output of general industrial solid waste and the investment in pollution control in different regions. Finally, this paper reveals the impact of the transfer of polluting industries on the health of residents in western China. Based on the characteristics of household category, age, and income of interviewees, the income growth effect of the transfer of polluting industries is less than the health loss caused by the transfer of pollution. It can be found that the transfer of polluting industries has a significant impact on the environment, economy, and the health of residents in western China.
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Kaleniuk, Maksym, Oleg Furman i Taras Postranskyy. "Influence of traffic flow intensity on environmental noise pollution". Transport technologies 2021, nr 1 (18.06.2021): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/tt2021.01.039.
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The modern urban environment, with the development of industry, the growth of the vehicle's number on the roads, and the increase in the density of buildings, is increasingly capable of negatively affect the health and well-being of the city's population. Among the factors influencing the environment is noise pollution, namely man-made noise - unwanted and harmful sounds created as a result of human activities. Today, noise is one of the most common factors of pollution among all others. The most common source of noise pollution is transport, including cars and trucks, buses, railways, airplanes, etc. The negative phenomenon of traffic noise is that almost everyone is greatly affected. This can often be accompanied by other harmful factors, such as vibration. According to scientific researches, noise can cause irritation under constant acoustic exposure. As a result, there are sleep disorders, decreased mental capacity, and the development of stress, and stress development in humans. Traffic noise is created from the operation of engines, the friction of wheels with the road surface, brakes, and aerodynamic features of vehicles, etc. In general, the level of traffic noise depends on such basic indicators as the intensity, speed, and composition of the traffic flow. Therefore, an important task is the study of traffic noise, its measurement, the establishment of appropriate dependencies, and further evaluation of the results. Knowing the level of noise generated by vehicles, further measures to reduce it are possible, such as redistribution of traffic flows on the road network, speed limits, improving the quality of the road surface, the use of basic means of reducing noise pollution, the use of noise protection devices, etc. Based on this, the negative impact of this phenomenon on the human body and the environment, in general, can be reduced.
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Narendran, N. "A Review on Environmental Problem Due to Water Pollution". International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research 3, nr 4 (27.04.2015): 43–45. https://doi.org/10.70729/ijser1570.
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Sadeghi-Niaraki, Abolghasem, Mohammadreza Jelokhani-Niaraki i Soo-Mi Choi. "A Volunteered Geographic Information-Based Environmental Decision Support System for Waste Management and Decision Making". Sustainability 12, nr 15 (27.07.2020): 6012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156012.
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The need for in-depth and fast observation of waste pollutions, increase in public concerns on environmental pollution and the effect of polluted environment on the physical and mental health of people have led to participatory environmental monitoring and protection. Citizens can act as volunteer, interactive, group, logical, smart, responsible, mobile, and dispersed observers/sensors to constantly monitor their surroundings and provide real-time data of waste pollutions that are not easily remotely sensed. The concept of volunteered geographic information (VGI) can be adopted as an effective phenomenon for participatory collection of environmental pollution data. However, the research problem is how to effectively use these citizen-contributed or volunteered information for waste management analyses and decision-making processes. Consequently, the objective of the present study is to develop a VGI-based environmental decision support tool that facilitates direct involvement of the public in generating waste pollution data and provides appropriate GIS-MCDA (multicriteria decision analysis) analytical tools for waste management and decision making using the citizen-contributed data. A web-based prototype of the decision support system was developed to demonstrate the practical feasibility, applicability and some functionalities of the system for pollution-related decision analyses.
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Dong, Ke. "Interprovincial Space Effect Analysis of China's Atmospheric Environment Quality". Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (listopad 2013): 2596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2596.
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Through an analysis about the atmospheric environment SO2space effect of China from 2000 to 2011, this article puts forward that the atmospheric pollution in China is influenced by per capital GDP and industrial structure to a large extent. Meanwhile, environmental efficiency factors which should restrict atmospheric environmental pollution have positive spillover effect to environmental pollution to surrounding area, which indicates that the environmental pollution treatment in China in current stage is only transition of the pollution in a disguised form. In some regions, industries are moved to less developed areas around in order to enhance their environmental compliance, so polluting industries cannot be moved out like those in developed regions and the environment is difficult to improve.
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Nahar, Najmun, Sanjia Mahiuddin i Zakaria Hossain. "The Severity of Environmental Pollution in the Developing Countries and Its Remedial Measures". Earth 2, nr 1 (28.02.2021): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth2010008.
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Environmental pollution has a great impact on human health, ecosystems, and financial development. This paper depicts the recent studies on the severity of environmental pollution in developing countries. Its remedial measures were based on a questionnaire survey in the polluted sites, which collected data and information on the types, causes, effects, sources, and duration of environmental pollution, obtained from available publications and newspaper information reported in recent years. A total of 400 respondents from 10 zones of Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh, were interviewed as a case study via a semi-structured questionnaire survey. The results revealed that only 39.0% of respondents had explicit knowledge about environmental pollution. Air pollution was identified by 73.8%, noise pollution by 63.0%, water pollution by 55.2%, and soil pollution by only 6.5% of respondents in their surroundings. Automobiles, domestic activities, municipal garbage, and vehicle horns are significant sources of environmental pollutions. Around 49.0% of the respondents did not understand the effectiveness of currently conducted environmental programs. A discussion regarding the urgency of forming a local level environmental committee, the mass media’s active role, and monitoring the development activities was presented.
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Yang, Zian. "Environmental Pollution And Effect on Human Health And The Living of Creatures". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 59 (15.07.2023): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v59i.10070.
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Pollution takes many different forms from the atmosphere to the oceans pollution is everywhere and is a global problem. Natural pollution is mainly divided into air pollution, water pollution and land pollution. Air pollution is mainly caused by small particles emitted from large amounts of energy. Water pollution is caused by human-made waste and its impending set of consequences. Land pollution is mainly caused by human activities, especially the use and management of different materials. These three types of pollution are interrelated, and the cause of one type of pollution may become the result of another. This paper discusses the main sources of pollution in the atmosphere, water and land, and the potential dangers that pollution may pose to humans and some other species that may be greatly threatened. The paper suggests that human should now manipulate their destruction of the environment, and act greenly to prevent the aggravation of the polluting process.
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Hughes, K. E. "The Value Relevance of Nonfinancial Measures of Air Pollution in the Electric Utility Industry". Accounting Review 75, nr 2 (1.04.2000): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2000.75.2.209.
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This study examines the relation between the market value of equity and nonfinancial pollution measures (sulfur dioxide emissions) that capture firms' exposure to future environmental liabilities. I find that a nonfinancial pollution proxy is value-relevant for high-polluting electric utilities targeted for air pollution abatement by Phase One of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). On average, these utilities' exposure to (unbooked) future environmental liabilities decreased their mean 1990 share price by 16 percent. Moreover, the value relevance of the nonfinancial pollution proxy (1) increased in response to the passage of the stringent 1990 CAAA environmental legislation, and then (2) declined as the market subsequently reduced estimated compliance costs in response to changing economic and technological factors. Utilities not targeted by Phase One of the 1990 CAAA faced minimal exposure to future environmental liabilities and I find no significant relation between their pollution indicators and share prices. I also find that investors in the high-polluting rate-regulated utilities that were targeted by Phase One positively value a favorable regulatory climate.
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CHAKRABARTY, A. M. "Environmental Pollution." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 700, nr 1 Biotechnology (grudzień 1993): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26320.x.
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Saputri, Arvita Adellia, Salim Salim i Ruth Ambarsari. "Environmental Pollution". TEXTURE : Art and Culture Journal 5, nr 1 (19.08.2022): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/texture.v5i1.4340.
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Final project planning aims to create a party fashion design that combines the source of ideas and fashion style chosen. The source of ideas from the final project design is Enviromental Pollution. Environmental Pollution poured into clothing with a pattern application patchwork dan tie dyed techbiques as fashion motifs, meanwhile fashion style is avant garde. The type of clothing chosen is eveing dress. The materials used in the final prpject design are linen, tulle, and silk catton fabric for tie dyed. The colors of the material in the final project design follow the color of the source of ide, namely blue
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Lyu, Shoujun, Xingchi Shen i Yujie Bi. "The Dually Negative Effect of Industrial Polluting Enterprises on China’s Air Pollution: A Provincial Panel Data Analysis Based on Environmental Regulation Theory". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 21 (26.10.2020): 7814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217814.
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Although the Chinese government has promulgated a series of policies to mitigate air pollution, the air quality in a number of Chinese cities still has the potential to be improved. As the major source of air pollution, enterprises in the industrial and energy sectors are the most difficult to regulate in terms of polluting emissions. This paper aims to investigate what factors influence the intensity of environmental regulations on polluting enterprises based on environmental regulation theory and an empirical test. Firstly, this article builds a theoretic model of optimal regulation supply for local governments in order to examine the relationship between factors influencing the intensity of environmental regulation. Secondly, we use provincial panel data from 2008 to 2015 to test the theoretical hypothesis and use the generalized method of moments (GMM), the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method to address the endogeneity issue. The main finding of the study is that, in regions with a high concentration of polluting enterprises, not only is there more air pollution than in other regions, but the local governments might show partiality towards the polluting enterprises, which could impede the implementation of environmental regulation.
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Huang, Chenhao. "Research on the Impact of Urban Environmental Pollution and Countermeasures". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 69 (6.11.2023): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v69i.11840.
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The process of economic building and growth, as well as human production and living, results in a significant amount of pollutants and trash generation as urban populations become denser. Urban environments can only self-purify so much before being severely polluted and degraded, which has a negative impact on both human health and urban landscape. The contradictions between population, resources, environment, and economic development have become more pronounced with the speeding up of industrialization, and the quality of the urban environment has also shown a trend of gradual deterioration, which severely limits the sustainable growth of cities. Due to this, the issue of urban environmental pollution has drawn increasing attention, and a growing number of urban environmental pollution management methods have been implemented. In this context, this paper briefly introduces the types of urban environmental pollution such as air pollution, water pollution, etc., and mainly introduces the impact of various pollutions, among which the impact on human health is the most serious. And pointed out various measures to control pollution. Finally, this paper emphasizes that the current methods of controlling urban environmental pollution are not perfect, and more experimental research is needed to obtain more efficient treatment methods, so that urban environmental pollution can be controlled more efficiently in the future.
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Atuyambe, Lynn M., Raphael E. Arku, Natasha Naidoo, Thandi Kapwata, Kwaku Poku Asante, Guéladio Cissé, Belay Simane, Caradee Y. Wright i Kiros Berhane. "The Health Impacts of Air Pollution in the Context of Changing Climate in Africa: A Narrative Review with Recommendations for Action". Annals of Global Health 90, nr 1 (5.12.2024): 76. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4527.
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Introduction: Despite the broad improvement in air quality, air pollution remains a major leading global risk factor for ill health and deaths each year. Air pollution has a significant impact on both health and economic growth in Africa. This paper reviews the health impacts of air pollution and the benefits of air pollution mitigation and prevention on climate change. Methods: We conducted a narrative review and synthesized current literature on the health impact of air pollution in the context of changing climate in Africa. Results: Particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in Africa pose significant health risks due to various sources, including household fuels and industrial emissions. Limited air quality monitoring hampers accurate assessment and public health planning. Africa’s rapid urbanization exacerbates air pollution, impacting vulnerable populations disproportionately. Renewable energy adoption and improved monitoring infrastructure are crucial for mitigating air pollution’s economic and health impacts. Recommendations include adopting air quality standards, identifying pollution sources, and prioritizing interventions for vulnerable groups. Integrating renewable energy into development plans is essential for sustainable growth. African leaders must prioritize environmental policies to safeguard public health amid ongoing industrialization. Conclusions: Air pollution prevention remains a vital concern that requires leaders to engage stakeholders, and other opinion leaders in society. African leaders should proactively explore new avenues to integrate non‑polluting renewable energy sources such as solar power, wind and hydropower into their national development plans.
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Honcharenko, Artem, Olena Voloshkina, Ihor Kupinskyi i Olena Zhukova. "Modern comprehensive information system for environmental quality monitoring". Environmental Problems 6, nr 4 (2021): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2021.04.251.
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The threat to ecological balance can turn into a global problem, and we observe its deviations, which arise as a result of complex relationships between natural and social environments. Direct and indirect human impact on Earth's ecosystems together and interdependently form the planet's ecosystem, resulting in changes in the social environment of a human. Today's global problems are increasingly shifting to the side of developing countries, where environmental pressure is increasing because along with "pre-industrial" pollution, a new one is emerging, related to the invasion of multinational corporations and "exports" of polluting industries to "third world" countries. Modern "industrial" pollution in developing countries is the result of the transfer of many polluting industries to the "third world", such as the construction of enterprises, chemical plants, chemicalization of agriculture. Due to this, the concentration of the population in the largest agglomerations is growing.
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Leon-Gonzalez, Roberto, i Lise Tole. "The Determinants of Mergers & Acquisitions in a Resource-Based Industry: What Role for Environmental Sustainability?" Review of Economic Analysis 7, nr 2 (24.03.2016): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/rea.v7i2.1417.
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This paper examines the relationship between environmental stringency and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity in a highly polluting, resource-based industry. Specifically, it seeks to determine whether buyers are targeting countries with the same or different levels of environmental stringency than in their own country, i.e. whether pollution havens exist in the global mining industry. Rather than aggregate investment, which has been used by most previous studies, we analyze a dataset of individual investment choices. We model the choice of country and the amount invested jointly as the two variables are likely to be correlated. The choice of country is modeled using a random parameters multinomial Logit model. We use a hitherto unanalyzed data set of the value paid for all completed M&A in the mining industry worldwide between 1994 and 2006. We find no evidence of pollution havens in this industry. If anything, buyers from countries with high levels of environmental stringency are more likely to invest in countries with a similar level of environmental stringency and make larger investments in them than in less environmentally stringent countries.
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Chen, Hong, i Wenzhe Hu. "Determining Whether Trade Can Affect Regional Environmental Sustainability from the Perspective of Environmental Pollution". Sustainability 12, nr 5 (26.02.2020): 1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051746.
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The rising level of environmental pollution in China indicates that the current pattern of economic development is unsustainable. Therefore, ensuring environmental quality places higher requirements on China’s economic development pattern from the perspective of sustainability. At the same time, the rapid growth of China’s total trade is an important driving force for China’s rapid economic development. Based on the trade and environmental quality data of China’s 30 provincial administrative divisions, this paper uses a Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model to analyze the environmental quality effects of trade—that is, the composition, technical, and scale effect. Moreover, the environmental quality effects of trade are compared and analyzed in different regions. In this paper, the wastewater discharge and sulfur dioxide discharge are selected as the indicators of environmental pollution. The results show that the scale effect of trade is significantly negative, and that the scale effect is greater than the composition effect. Trade development is conducive to reducing regional environmental pollution. The main impact of trade development on reducing environmental pollution is through economies of scale. The composition effect and technology effect are smaller than the scale effect. The increase in trade in services has helped to reduce the growth rate of pollution emissions. Therefore, expanding service trade and optimizing the trade structure will help to reduce the intensity of pollutive emissions and thereby improve the sustainability of regional economic development.
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Shang, Yuping, Shengnan Wu i Fachuan Zheng. "Will Environmental Regulation Narrow the Gap in Regional Economic Growth?" Journal of Global Information Management 30, nr 6 (wrzesień 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.289826.
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Empirical studies have shown that China's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law (APPCL2000), as an environmental regulation, has significantly alleviated the air pollution problem and improved the TFP of air polluting enterprises. However, few scholars have studied the regional heterogeneity of this policy. To study this issue, this manuscript introduces the "Hu Line" from the perspective of regional resource endowment differences and divides China into a resource advantage area (A area) and a resource disadvantage area (B area). Subsequently, this manuscript uses the triple difference model and big data of Chinese industrial enterprises to verify. The results show that under environmental regulations, the TFP of air polluting enterprises in B area has increased more than in A area, and the rapid decline in the proportion of low-efficiency air polluting enterprises in B area is the main mechanism. It shows that environmental regulation is beneficial to narrow the gap of regional economic growth and realize economic catch-up in resource-disadvantaged areas.
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BELADI, HAMID, i CHI-CHUR CHAO. "Environmental policy, comparative advantage, and welfare for a developing economy". Environment and Development Economics 11, nr 5 (październik 2006): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x06003123.
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This paper investigates the effects of pollution taxation for a dual developing economy with a separate abatement sector. Due to the real rigidity of the urban wage, pollution taxes raise the cost of the urban good and hence its relative price. This suggests that because of flexible rural wages, the developing economy tends to have a comparative advantage in the rural good which may be less polluting. Moreover, the higher price of the urban good worsens the urban unemployment ratio. The optimal tax on pollution is thus lower than the marginal environmental damage to the economy.
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Duvivier, Chloé, i Hang Xiong. "Transboundary pollution in China: a study of polluting firms' location choices in Hebei province". Environment and Development Economics 18, nr 4 (10.04.2013): 459–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x13000168.
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AbstractTransboundary pollution is a particularly serious problem as it leads people located at regional borders to disproportionately suffer from pollution. In China, where the environmental policy is decentralized and where environmental conflicts between provinces have occurred several times, transboundary pollution is likely to exist. However, until now, nearly all the studies have focused on developed countries. In this paper we study whether transboundary pollution problems exist in China. To do so, we estimate whether, within Hebei province, polluting firms are more likely to set up in border counties than in interior ones. The estimations of a count-data model allow us to conclude that border counties are more attractive destinations for polluting firms than counties located within the province. Moreover, it appears that this effect has strengthened over time.