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Reynal, Preud'homme Caroline. "Comportement du chrome et de l'arsenic dans une nappe libre sous un site industriel". Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3025.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main goal of this work is to identify the geochemical mechanisms controlling the solubility and mobility of As and Cr in a superficial aquifer under an industrial plant (production of sulphuric acid and copper sulphate. In this context, we used three approaches: water and solids sampling campaigns, laboratory experiments (batch and column experiments) and geochemical modelling (software PHREEQC). The contaminated zone is characterised by high concentrations of Cu, As and Cr and a strong acidic water. The unpolluted area is characterised by neutral to basic pH and low concentrations of elements. This neutral pH is probably due to carbonate dissolution. The buffer capacity of the solids induce the As and Cr sorption in the medium (especially in lack of chelating agent). The As and Cr solubility seems to be controlled by precipitation and adsorption onto iron hydroxides. Cr seems to precipitate in form of hydroxide and As in form of coprecipitate with Fe(III) and copper arsenates
Flores, Velez Luisa Maria. "Essai de spéciation des métaux dans les sols : cas du Cu dans les vignobles". Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120027.
Pełny tekst źródłaDubé, Jean-Sébastien. "Modifications hydrodynamiques du comportement des métaux lourds dans un sol hétérogène présentant une contamination résiduelle en NAPL : étude sur la contamination mixte des sols". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ65448.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaron, Jean. "Etude sur les interactions des métaux lourds avec des boues d'épuration et les sols : Complexation de Cu et Cd par des boues et spéciation dans des solutions de sols". Pau, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PAUU3008.
Pełny tekst źródłaFloch, Carine. "Les enzymes du sol : étude de leurs potentialités bioindicatrices de contaminations par des métaux et des polluants organiques". Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30070.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main objective of this research was to determine the potential bioindicator of certain enzymatic activities to characterize the functioning and quality of soil in the context of metal and organic pollutions (i. E. Pesticides and conventional, organic or biological, and integrated management strategies). In a first step, a methodology for the quantification in soils of phenol oxidase activities has been developed, and further study on its sensitivity towards certain metals has been performed. Thereafter, different approaches have been apprehended through incubation under controlled laboratory conditions and field observations, made at scales ranging from plot to landscape. The enzymes studied are involved in the functioning of the major biogeochemical cycles of C (cellulase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase and phenol oxidase), N (arylamidase), P (acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases, phosphodiesterase and phosphotriesterase) and S (arylsulfatase). The results have clearly demonstrated the variability of response patterns of enzyme activities, with the type of contamination and physical and chemical characteristics of soils. This underlines the difficulty for selecting universal enzymatic bioindicators of soil quality for a wide range of perturbations. However, some enzymes, such as arylamidases and phenol oxidases, proved repeatedly to be indicators especially sensitive to disturbance applied to the different soils of this study. An interesting continuation of this work would be to integrate such kind of study of these potential bioindicators in networks of soil quality measurement. Finally, other microbial parameters were also studied, the functional diversity of bacterial communities (Biolog® Eco) and bacterial and fungal densities, but they have proved to be less relevant as soil quality indicators with regards to enzyme activities
Durand, Cédric. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des produits de l'assainissement pluvial : origine et devenir des métaux traces et des polluants organiques". Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2287.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this multidisciplinary work was to characterise the mineral and organic matters in the sediments from storm water drainage systems. Several physical chemical techniques were used to study the mineral fraction of sediments from retention ponds and street sweeping. This study concerned major elements and trace metals. The results show that the sediments are often polluted, with concentrations higher than the reference values for polluted soils. The study of organic matter shows that the lipid fractions are mainly composed of hydrocarbons and PAHs at high concentrations. Humic acids and humine were studied by global techniques and by thermochimiolysis with different alkyl agents. The TMAH technique shows that the studied humic substances contain biopolymers from plant and bacterial origins, as well as ligneous fibres. The use of TEAA allows to show that the released compounds are partly trapped in the humic macromolecular net and are released as soon as this one is altered. The last part of the work was devoted to trace metal mobility in the different organic fractions and using the BCR sequential extraction scheme. The mobility sequence of trace metals appears to be : Cr £ Ni < Pb £ Cu < Zn £ Cd. These results could be used as a basis for recommendations to local governments in order to improve the management of sediments from storm water drainage systems
Lebourg, Annie. "Etude de l'extraction des métaux en traces de sols pollués en vue de la détermination de leur biodisponibilité". Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-244.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaGossart, Pascal. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions de la matière organique des sols avec les métaux lourds : étude structurale et analytique de molécules modèles". Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-187-188.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaGabelle, Cédric. "Étude de la contamination des sédiments par les métaux dans les canaux et rivières du Nord de la France". Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_90.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaEtchebers, Olivier. "Etude pluricontextuelle et pluridimensionnelle de la mobilité des métaux lourds (Cd, Ni, Pb) dans les sols". Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3004.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe mobility of heavy metals is studied on three cases of contamination, each one at a different scale. The first one deals with spreading of sewage sludge on forest soils. Processes are accelerated under centrifugation, at microcosm scale. Despite several months of simulated evolution, migration of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb) is quite limited, probably by affinity with organic matter accumulated at the surface. The second one is run at mesocosm scale, using an agricultural soil spiked with Pb. After several months outdoor, Pb is retained within the solid. It is adsorbed on organic and clay (montmorillonite) particles, but remains under a potentially soluble form. The third one corresponds to an aquifer underlying an industrial site (macrocosm) polluted by Cu and H2SO4. Acidity enhances the solubility of Cd and Pb. However, the buffer capacity of the solid induces the precipitation of Cu and Fe; and the fixation of Cd and Pb by adsorption or coprecipitation
Fekete, Ilona. "Évaluation complexe de la pollution environnementale du système de lacs Gödöllö - Isaszeg". Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT003A.
Pełny tekst źródłaLiu, Bang. "Biogeographic distributions of bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities and assembly mechanisms in typical non-ferrous metals mining areas". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU3048.
Pełny tekst źródłaNon-ferrous mining, beneficiation and smelting activities produced considerable sulfide minerals contained wastes, significantly affect microbial community. However, the geographic distributions of abundant and rare communities and underlying assembly processes shaping the microbial diversity in these environments were yet poorly understood. Herein, microbial geographic distribution, assembly processes and function response around mining and smelting areas were systematically unraveled.Similarities of bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities decreases with geographical distance, and jointly by environmental variables and geographic distance. 23 bacterial species, including Thiobacillus and Sulfurifustis, were identified as keystone taxa. Alpha diversity of rare community was significantly higher than that of abundant counterpart. Metal contents were the main drivers affecting all abundant communities, while geography regulated bacterial and archaeal rare communities. Stochastic dispersal limitation and undominated dominated in all communities, and deterministic heterogeneous selection showed an increasing trend with pollution level. Cr, TN, and Ti were the main factors affecting the assembly processes of total bacterial, fungal, and archaeal communities, respectively. The phylogenetic aggregation in rare community is higher than that of abundant counterpart. Cr, Cu, Al, PCNM, pH, and TC were the main factors affecting the assembly processes of all abundant and rare communities, respectively; 4) Metagenomic analysis found a large number of genes related to carbon, nitrogen, sulfur cycle and heavy metal resistance and detoxification in the 21 binned MAGs, 11 of which phylogenetically belonged to Actinobacteria, suggesting Actinobacteria play important ecological roles in mining sites. Together, these findings may provide a theoretical guidance for microbial remediation in non-ferrous pollution sites
Tisserand, Pierre. "Mesure en continu et in situ des pollutions dans les milieux aqueux : conception et réalisation d'une instrumentation adaptée à la détection de métaux lourds par potentiométrie sélective". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10308.
Pełny tekst źródłaMastering the quality of water demands that industrialised countries develop and improve facilities for the sanitising of water rejected back into the environment. Sewage sometimes contains micropollutants such as heavy metals which, in excess, can be noxious and alter ecosystems. Measuring them accurately is possible - with polarography or spectrometry - yet these techniques can hardly be used for non-stop monitoring. Within this framework, we have developed a detecting device for heavy metals Cu(II) and Pb(Ii). The principle cop. Sists in measuring potentials with two ion selective electrodes (ISE), which - by fusing varied data such as temperature, conductivity, pH, Redox - allows the gauging of free or hydroxylic metal. In order to lest the device, we have conceived a testbench reproducing the physical and chemical condition of sewage. The principle consists in injecting specific solutions into a reactor fitted with a measuring set containing sepsors which will carry out the aforementioned measures. Thanks to a system sampling and processing the data, aIl parameters can be measured non-stop. To characterise our tool, we have 'used two modelling methods. On the one hand, we have considered the output from the ISEs as a polynomial combination of all parameters (external models). On the other hand, we have assumed that hydroxylic forms can be parameterised in Nernst's equation (internaI models). Where the copper ISE is, concerned, internal models provide very interesting levels of detection, while extemal models fit the lead ISE best. Still using our test-bench, we have determined our models' limits, especially regarding the measure of Cu (II), in typical cases of reconstituted pollutions. To this end, we have elaborated different tests demonstrating that the internal model - which does not take the Redox potential into account - provides more accuracy than external models. In conclusion, we have shown that, in laboratory conditions, the potentiometric method with ISE is adapted to non-stop detection of heavy metal ions, by correcting the measures of relevant variables. The methodology we have developed can be extended to other heavy metals
Sens-Zanetto, Christine. "Etude des risques associés à la valorisation des déchets urbains : cas des métaux en trace". Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11029.
Pełny tekst źródłaDauga, Christine. "Impact de l'épandage d'une boue residuaire industrielle, riche en Mg, Mn, Cu, Pb et Zn sur une couverture ferralitique en climat tropical (SP, Brésil) : minéralogie, pétrologie et transferts géochimiques". Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30027.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuquesne, Sabine. "Bioaccumulation métallique et métallothionéines chez trois espèces de poissons provenant du littoral Nord-Pas-de-Calais". Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10089.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrohon, Bertrand. "Utilisation d'indicateurs d'activités microbiennes telluriques et de biotests pour l'évaluation du niveau de pollution d'un sol : application à un sol pollué par des hydrocarbures et à un sol agricole soumis à l'épandage de boues et déchets de nature variée". Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0114.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this present study is to evaluate whether the information given by the measures in eco-toxicology could be used in diagnosis of sail pollution. The sail bio-indicators (sail respiration measurement, enzyme activities measurements represented by Dehydrogenase activity, Phosphatase activity, Esterase activity and Urease activity) and the bio-essays used require a great care about handling and storage of the sail samples. Preliminary investigations have therefore focused on the laboratory practices to be used in order to minimize the bias introduced by handling and storage of the sail samples. One case of chronic pollution represented by an industrial site polluted by hydrocarbons and one case of a punctual pollution represented by sail polluted by different sludges and wastes have been analysed. We have shown the pertinence of bath bio-indicators and bio-essays simultaneously used. The followed processes help to reduce the probability of « false negative results » and provide useful information for the diagnosis of sail pollution. However, the use of microbial activity measurements on sail polluted by sludges and wastes showed a greater sensibility than the Microtox bio-essay. From our study, the results demonstrated the advantages and inconvenient of the eco-toxical measurements. Notably, on slightly polluted soils, the phosphatase activity didn't seem sensitive enough to the level of sail pollution
Kuad, Paul. "Etude des propriétés conformationnelles et acido-basiques de la norbadione A et de dérivés pulviniques : Conséquences sur leurs propriétés complexantes de cations alcalins et alcalino-terreux". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/KUAD_Paul_2006.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMerhaby, Dima. "Caractérisation de la pollution organique et inorganique dans les sédiments portuaires du Liban". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10144.
Pełny tekst źródłaLebanon coastal zone (LCZ) which extends over 220 km along the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is a typical case of most coastal areas of the developing countries in the Mediterranean region, where the combination of a wide range of anthropogenic activities are contributing to water pollution and environmental degradation, by the direct and indirect release of a large number of pollutants into the sea via atmospheric and river inputs. Amongst the numerous environmental concerns we are facing, the marine environment is one of the top priorities that must be addressed. Due to its ecological importance, the evaluation of coastal sediment quality constitutes an important area of research to give a clear picture of water pollution status. Much attention was paid of some priority pollutants such as persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and heavy metals as known to be toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative, carcinogenic and mutagenic. There is an urgent need to survey the levels of these pollutants in sediments due to the great lack of information in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea in general and particularly in Lebanese coastal zone which render our study very important and useful regionally and locally by local authority and policy makers during coastal zone management. The semi-enclosed basins such as ports and bays are very vulnerable ecosystem where build-up greatly amount of these pollutants in sediments. This why we focus on our studies of the assessment of ports sediment quality of some possible hotspots where the re-suspension and oxidation of anoxic sediment occur frequently. A special attention was taken to Tripoli harbour which is the second Port of Lebanon due to its location near some reserved island. The pollution levels of LCZ by these pollutants are assigned as moderate to high. An emergency proposal plan was prepared for Tripoli Harbour, this will assists harbour authority to response for all fire and oil spill accidents as a first step for a durable development inside this promising harbor
Maréchal-Abram, Nicolas. "Evaluation d'un proxy de métaux lourds dans l'environnement marin, basé sur les coefficients de partition des éléments dans la calcite de foraminifère : étude du Cd, Cu et Cr avec l'espèce Ammonia beccarii". Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThese researches are a contribution to the development of a heavy metal proxy in marine environment based on the element partition coefficient DMe between sea water and foraminiferal calcite. DCd was measured from benthic foraminifera Ammonia beccarii (Linné) grown in sediment free microcosms. Culture experiments were prepared at 2. 3 and 5. 3 nmol l-1 (13°C) and at 4. 3, 6. 4 and 9. 0 nmol l-1 (18°C). DCd values were 2. 80. 6 (n=6), 1. 80. 2 (n=7), 1. 00. 2 (n=10), 1. 00. 1 (n=8) and 1. 20. 2 (n=19), respectively. A new hypothesis of a diffusion limited uptake of ions during the mineralization process could explain DCd =1. The carbonate diffusion time calculations are consistent with the chamber formation time but could not show that calcium uptake is limited. The model oversees that DCd would be also dependent of ion diffusion coefficients. DCd values > 1 are not consistent with the limited uptake hypothesis. The assumption of food contamination or a mixture of sea water during experiment could explain these partitioning values. DCu is measured for the first time from alive specimens. DCd was estimated at 0. 06–0. 07 and suggest a control of the free ion model. DCr is less than 0. 003. Comparison with dead foraminifera revealed the difficulty of the decontamination process. Results showed three different partition mechanisms and showed the vital role of physico-chemical parameters in biological partitioning mechanisms. They underlines the need to understand each element partitioning mechanism, in order to ensure the reliability of a paleo-ecological proxy
Sagna, Bacary. "Effet d’une pollution (métaux lourds et pesticides) et d’amendement (Fumier) sur les activités enzymatiques de différents sols". Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0076.
Pełny tekst źródłaFertility and pollution of the soil ecosystem have become today’s concern and major ecologicalproblems. The objective ofthis study is to estimate through microbial activity (hydrolysis ofFDA) and a wide range of 16 enzymes (phosphatases, heterosidases, polysacchridases,oligosaccharidases, oxydase), the impact of pollutants and amendment in soil. The five soilsstudied are different regarding their physical and chemical characteristics. This soils are areexposed to different treatments in microcosms. These treatments consist to pollute our soilswith heavy metals (zinc, cadmium), pesticides (herbicide, insecticide, fungicide, nematicide)or to add manure.Our results showed that the expression of enzymatic activities depends on soil type.Thus, the silt fraction of soil plays a crucial role in this expression of soil enzymes. The soilswith physico-chemical characters are very similars, have not necessarily the same enzymaticprofile and expression or microbial activity.The presence of manure on our differents soils greatly increased the enzymatic andmicrobial activities. The stimulatory effect of manure depends on soil parameters but also theinitial enzymatic and microbial soil activities. The results showed that the positive impact ofmanure is less pronouncing in soils where the initial enzyme activity and organic matterquantity are low.The impact of heavy metals on microbial activity and enzymes tested depends on soilparameters (clay, organic matter, pH, ...) and nature of heavy metal. Cadmium is more toxicand longer decreases enzymatic and microbial activities than zinc. The presence of heavymetals in soils has reduced most of enzymes activity. Other enzymes are also unchanged orincreased by the pollutants.Soil pollution by pesticides show a large disparity and diversity of results. Dependingon soil type or the enzyme tested, the diffrents results showed an increase, neutral effect ordecrease by pesticides of enzymes and microbial activities.Watever the type of soil considered, this study has shown that soil enzymes are verysensitive and responsive to human disturbance. The reactivity of telluric enzymes is manifestedby a very large diversity of responses. Diversity responses of soil enzymes is depended tophysico-chemical characters and also soil biological parameters. In this study, it is verydifficult to define one or group of enzymes as a bioindicator for all soil disturbances
Mcheik, Amale. "Évaluation de la biodisponibilité des métaux dans l’eau de surface et les sédiments de la rivière Al-Ghadir (Mont-Liban)". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1163.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe biogeochemical cycle of trace metals was greatly accelerated by human activities that have led to the contamination of water and river sediments. Following their emissions, the majority of trace metals exist in particulate form which can be transported by runoff and end up in rivers where they settle and where a portion can be dissolved into the water column in response to changes in the physico-chemical conditions of the site and under the action of indigenous microorganisms which later can interact with the food chain and pose a potential danger of toxicity to humans and other living organisms. In this study, we have chosen to work on Al-Ghadir River which represents an exceptional and an original case of pollution where the height of sediments, including several types of pollutants, is more than one meter. The aim of this work was to understand and to evaluate the role of the microbial compartment in the sediments of the Al-Ghadir River, which is the most polluting source to the Mediterranean, on the mobility of metals and their effects on underground water. This study was realized in two series of experiments (batch and soil column) with situations similar to those found in the river. A physico-chemical and chemical characterization of the studied sites was conducted as a first step to begin, after that, with the experimental approach which was used to isolate the physico-chemical processes from those which are attributable to microbiological activity. In the experiments conducted in closed reactors (batch), results obtained showed that the microbial activities are correlated with the strong dissolution of metals, especially for Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu and Zn. Iron appeared the most solubilized element and its solubilisation was correlated with the other trace metals suggesting that these metals are associated to iron oxides. This hypothesis was confirmed by sequential extraction procedure indicating the presence of iron-reducing bacteria, which, during the fermentation of glucose and the production of organic acids, reduced iron oxides. These later have led to the dissolution of trace metals and to a change in the bacterial populations which were detected after five days of incubation by the microbiological and the genetic studies. The effect of the bacteria on the mobilization of metals in sediments was then studied in hydrodynamic columns, under conditions similar to those in the field. Results obtained showed that: (i) Studied metals are not leached in the same order and showed the following order (in μg/l): Fe > Mn > Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb ≥ Cr; (ii) Metals will reprecipitate on the neoformed phases after the system returns to equilibrium. Studies of the distribution profile of metals in columns showed that metals were leached homogenously from the sediments during incubation. This distribution was shown to depend on the height of the sediment where the re-distribution was shown at its maximum at the surface of the column sediments (0-10 cm) and became null at a depth between 10 and 25 cm. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that the metals after being dissolved and passed into solution, were then readsorbed to the negative electrochemical, neoformed and colloidal sediment phases which explains the decrease in the concentration of metals in the leachate obtained in the laboratory and suggests that the mechanism of trapping of metals in the column limits the migration of these later to underground water, as the adsorption capacity of present colloïds is not reached and the system is at equilibrium
Estèbe, Alexandrine. "Impact de l'agglomération parisienne et de ses rejets de temps de pluie sur les concentrations en métaux des matières en suspension et des sédiments en Seine en période estivale". Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120072.
Pełny tekst źródłaAsmeta, Ahmed-Fayez. "Comportement hydrodynamique et ohysico-chimique des métaux lourds dans les sols". Reims, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REIMS014.
Pełny tekst źródłaLucia, Magali. "Analyse de la contamination polymétallique des oiseaux aquatiques : Etude expérimentale de la bioaccumulation du cadmium, réponses adaptatives et effets toxiques associés". Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3039.
Pełny tekst źródłaThroughout their life, birds evolve in environments where anthropogenic pressures could be at the origin of numerous pollutions. The current study aimed, among all these potential contaminations, to assess and understand toxic effects of metals on aquatic birds at environmental and experimental scales. To address these issues, bird populations situated on wetlands of the Southwest Atlantic coast of France have been sampled. The implementation of this field study was in relation with the longstanding contamination of water and sediment reported on the Gironde estuary. This sampling enabled to determine the main metals accumulated by inhabiting or transient species of this impacted ecosystem. This work also aimed to identify factors involved in variation of observed levels between species. In parallel, studies have been performed to assess cadmium bioaccumulation and associated toxic effects in two species of aquatic birds. This experimental work enabled the comparison of interspecific responses related to cadmium exposure. Thus, kinetic of contamination led on Anas platyrhynchos and Cairina moschata demonstrated marked discrepancies between species for metal accumulation and implementation of detoxification process such as metallothioneins. A complementary study was also performed to assess cadmium impairment on lipid metabolism of birds. This metabolism providing essential energetic reserves during migration or reproduction was affected by the metal at different levels. Cadmium triggered both modifications of fatty acids synthesis in liver and changes in lipids transfer and storage in peripheral tissues
Merhaby, Dima. "Caractérisation de la pollution organique et inorganique dans les sédiments portuaires du Liban". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10144/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLebanon coastal zone (LCZ) which extends over 220 km along the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is a typical case of most coastal areas of the developing countries in the Mediterranean region, where the combination of a wide range of anthropogenic activities are contributing to water pollution and environmental degradation, by the direct and indirect release of a large number of pollutants into the sea via atmospheric and river inputs. Amongst the numerous environmental concerns we are facing, the marine environment is one of the top priorities that must be addressed. Due to its ecological importance, the evaluation of coastal sediment quality constitutes an important area of research to give a clear picture of water pollution status. Much attention was paid of some priority pollutants such as persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and heavy metals as known to be toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative, carcinogenic and mutagenic. There is an urgent need to survey the levels of these pollutants in sediments due to the great lack of information in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea in general and particularly in Lebanese coastal zone which render our study very important and useful regionally and locally by local authority and policy makers during coastal zone management. The semi-enclosed basins such as ports and bays are very vulnerable ecosystem where build-up greatly amount of these pollutants in sediments. This why we focus on our studies of the assessment of ports sediment quality of some possible hotspots where the re-suspension and oxidation of anoxic sediment occur frequently. A special attention was taken to Tripoli harbour which is the second Port of Lebanon due to its location near some reserved island. The pollution levels of LCZ by these pollutants are assigned as moderate to high. An emergency proposal plan was prepared for Tripoli Harbour, this will assists harbour authority to response for all fire and oil spill accidents as a first step for a durable development inside this promising harbor
Kahoul, Mohamed. "Détection de la pollution mercurielle dans les sols et sédiments d'oued et relation avec la microflore fongique "in-situ" dans la région d'Azzaba (N. E. Algérie)". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE18008.
Pełny tekst źródłaNehme, Nada. "Évaluation de la qualité de l’eau du bassin inférieur de la rivière du Litani, Liban : approche environnementale". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0296/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this study was to evaluate water quality of the lower Litani River and assess its feasibility for multi-purpose usage as one of the solutions to the aggravated water problems in Lebanon, To identify possible sources of metals (i.e. geological and/or anthropogenic) and then to characterize the chemical behavior of these metals in water and bed sediments, water and bed load sediments were sampled at six representatives sites which are investigated over three seasons of the year 2011-2012 (i.e. rainy, mid-rainy and dry seasons), The PCA (principal component analysis) method was used to interpret the elemental concentrations in the river water. Results show that among 18 variables, which were evaluated to characterize their physic-chemistry and metals, there are only 4 (Fe, NO2-, CaCO3, Cu) that were determined the type of environmental studied; Three groups were identified and differentiated by PCA according to the seasons. The first group includes all statements made in the mid rainy season and has a dialogue rich in Fe and NO2, and low in NH4 and EC. The second group formed in dry season, and surveys show physicochemical characteristics opposite to those in the first group, the third group formed in mid rainy, and showed the low concentration of K+, PO43- and Cl-. Sediments were characterized by a set of cations exchange capacity, granulometric, diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR( The FTIR analysis shows that the amount of montomorillonite is less than kaolinite and very much less than quartz and calcite. Pearson’s correlation was also performed in this study to compare to and determine the correlation between heavy metals in the sediments. Geo-accumulation (Igeo) index, Contamination Factor (Cf), and contamination degree (Cd) were also applying to assess the level of contamination in the sites. The results shows that the concentration of Pb, Fe are high in the site S5, S6 and the value of Cr ,Ni, are high in the S6, this results suggest that special attention must be given to the issue of element re-mobilization, because a large portion of elements in sediments are likely to release back into the water column. All the sites are characterized by moderate to highly microbial polluted range. The degree of contamination was increased in dry season. However, no critical physicochemical pollution has been reported in this part of the river; except the high concentration of Fe and NO2- in all investigated sites due to the reject of wastewater and to the distribution of touristic activities in the LLRB, the Concentrations of seven heavy metals is high(Cu, Fe, Cd , Mn , Cr, Zn, Ni and Pb) for sediment is higher according to Consensus-based sediment quality guidelines of Wisconsin (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2003) were applied to assess metal contamination in sediment
Marot, Franck. "Caractérisation et traitement de sédiments de dragage contenant des polluants métalliques". Le Havre, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEHA0009.
Pełny tekst źródłaSmaoui-Damak, Wafa. "Effets de la contamination in situ (golfe de Gabès) par le cadmium sur la synthèse des métallothionéines et sur le potentiel reproducteur de la palourde Ruditapes decussatus". Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT25VS.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur study related to the in situ bioaccumulation of Cd in the clam, and its effects on their reproductive potential, in two sites of the gulf of Gabès: "El Hofra" strongly contaminated and "Bordj d'Ungha" less impacted. The clams from El Hofra present the strongest Cd concentrations, with seasonal fluctuations reflecting the phenomenon of biological dilution, primarily related to the stage of development of gonads. The concentrations of Cd and metallothioneins (MTs) are higher in digestive gland than in the gills. They are significantly correlated in the digestive gland for the clams of the two sexes from El Hofra, and for the males from Bordj d'Ungha. The study of the reproductive cycles revealed a delay of the maturity of the gametes in the females of the contaminated site. Cd could disturb the activity of the gonads by creating an hormonal imbalance. The shift with the period of maturity of the males could influence the reproductive potential of this species
Phuong, Tran Thi Mai. "Bioaccumulations des métaux lourds dans la baie de Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4058/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study on the potential bioaccumulation of mollusks as bioindicator is an important effort that contributes to the findings of method in monitoring pollution in an environment of tropical regions. This thesis reports the results of our investigation of heavy metals in mollusks and sediment samples collected from four coastal sites of different environmentally background in Nha Trang bay and adjacent areas, Khanh Hoa province, Viet Nam during 2 years from 2012 to 2013. The study used suitable analyzing methods update to find the bioaccumulation capacity of trace metals in marine ecosystems, evaluation of the bioavailability of potentially toxic substances on human health risks and available for predicting the environmental fat and effects of pollutions. Results from this study demonstrated that the 5 metals As, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations of sediments were acceptable or moderate biological effects. These studied mollusk species including Laternula anatine, Glauconome virens, Katelysia hiantina and Geloina coaxans have high potential factors in term of metal BSAF in their tissues. They have served as good bioindicator organisms, in which K.hiantina might be the best indicator of metal pollution as it is high presence, abundance and wide geographical distribution in the study area
Sonko, Amidou. "Dignostic écotoxicologique de la pollution marine au Sénégal". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORIS643.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe studied the marine pollution of the sediments and coastal waters of the Cape Verde peninsula and the Petite Côte. The results show that the perception of the population is not always in line with scientific observations. The population reports a mainly moderate level of pollution, which has worsened over the last ten years. The majority of the sites studied do not comply with the microbiological quality of bathing water from a microbiological point of view. The quantities of microplastics at some sites are high. Macroplastics at sea are not significantly present at all the sites sampled. For TMEs only chromium and nickel are above the probable effect concentration (PEC) on marine organisms for the fraction ≤ 100 μm. The first trophic levels of the marine food chain do not seem to be affected by sediment toxicity, whereas the middle and upper levels are more affected. The majority (81%) of the sites studied revealed a level of ecotoxicity greater than 20%, via the Magallana gigas embryotoxicity test, which is known to be more sensitive than other bioassays. Consequently, the assessment of the toxicity of marine sediments shows that the majority of the selected sites appear to be in a poor ecotoxicological state. The inter-site variability of the results is due to the characteristics of the sites
Feller, Olivier (1970. "Analyse des métaux lourds dans les eaux de mer par spectrophotométrie d'absorption atomique électrothermique". Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11089.
Pełny tekst źródłaFaucher, Karine. "Le système latéral du bar, Dicentrarchus labrax, et les conséquences d'un dysfonctionnement sur son comportement : action potentielle des ions métalliques". La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS124.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe lateral system is a sensory organ found in aquatic amphibians and fish. It is used by fish for obstacle identification and localization obstacles, for moving objects (preys, predators) detection, for the detection of vibrations generated by low-frequency sound waves, for intraspecific communication (shoaling and sexual parade) and rheotaxis. The functional and morphologic integrity of this sensory system appears thus as an indispensable element for the presence and the survey of fish in an ecosystem. By its localization at the interface between the animal and the environment, and the fact that it functions via ion flux, this sensory organ, directly and constantly exposed to ambient medium, could then be the target of a natural or anthropic pollution. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of an environmental metallic pollution (and in particular, the cadmium ion) on tissues and function of the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L. ) lateral system, then to observe behavioral consequences induced on individual groups evolving in laboratory controlled conditions. A preliminary study concerning morphologic characteristics and spatial distribution of both types of neuromasts composing the sea bass lateral system was realized using scanning electron microscopy. As usually observed in teleosts, the sea bass possesses two types of neuromasts (superficial and canal ones) distributed on the head, trunk and tail. The decreasing gradient of sensory capacity, underlined from the rostral to the caudal ends of the sea bass trunk lateral line system, is really original and could be involved in the lateral system function. The major sensitivity axis of both types of neuromasts from the trunk lateral line system was identified along the fish's long axis, which confers itself a greater sensitivity of stimuli applied along its body. To reveal the behavioral consequences related to a sea bass lateral system dysfunction, both types of neuromasts were artificially damaged. For this, a double specific, efficient, reproducible and few invasive technique for fish was developed in order to alter at most this sensory system. This method combined the lateral system nerves section with an antibiotic bath. The results indicate that the fish lateral system inactivation involves a reduction of its habitat vertical exploration behavior. In contrast, the fish lateral system inactivation has no effect on the fish nocturnal demand feeding when stationary preys constitute food. A sensory compensation system leaning on olfactive system sets very quickly. The behavioral consequences of an acute exposition of sea bass to cadmium ions were then investigated. This study has shown that cadmium at high concentration in seawater (5 µg. L-1) has an inhibitory effect on the fish startle response facing a danger. This behavioral effect goes along with the destruction of both types of lateral system neuromasts observed in scanning electron microscopy. After 21 days, we notice tissue neuromast regeneration as well as fish startle response restoration. In contrast, when exposed to cadmium at the concentration of the contaminated natural environment (0,5 µg. L-1), fish startle response was not modified and neuromast tissues remain intact. However, in this study, the stimuli applied to simulate a danger to fish being of relatively high intensity, we can wonder if after an acute exposition to cadmium at 0,5 µg. L-1, the sea bass will be always able to detect the surreptitious movement of an alive moving prey. This work would earn to be pursued by studies aiming at determining the cadmium threshold concentration responsible to neuromast tissue damages and the one causing behavioral disorders. It would be also interesting to examine the synergetic effect of metallic ions present in natural environment (cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, etc. . . ) on the sea bass lateral system and on this species behavior
Pelfrêne, Aurélie. "Spéciation des métaux traces (Cd., Cu, Pb, Zn) dans les eaux d'un Planosol non pollué (Massif Central, France)". Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4008.
Pełny tekst źródłaNo summary avalaible
Godet, Jean-Philippe. "Intérêt des isopodes terrestres dans l’évaluation de la qualité des sols : recherche de paramètres indicateurs de la pollution par des éléments traces métalliques et contribution à la mise au point d’un outil écotoxicologique de terrain". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10160/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoil pollution by metals traces elements (MTE) is a worldwide concern in industrialized countries. For biomonitoring, it is necessary to develop indicator tools to evaluate the quality of terrestrial medias. The aim of this thesis was to research in Oniscus asellus and Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda), indicator parameters of soil contamination by MTE, and especially of litter, to contribute to the development of ecotoxicological field tool to assess soil quality and terrestrial ecosystems. First, studies performed in situ, have concerned characterisation of woodlouse populations from ligneous habitats (abundance, age structure, reproduction, biometrical parameters, bioaccumulation) with the regard to physicochemical parameters of soil (pH, CaCO3 and MO contents, ratio C/N, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu concentrations). Secondly, studies ex situ were also performed in controlled conditions in laboratory. Parameters have concerned growth rate, bioaccumulation, behavioural avoidance or population dynamics in P. scaber exposed to field litter contaminated by Cd, Pb and Zn. Field studies didn’t show any difference between woodlouse populations from contaminated sites or not. Actually, although MTE body burdens in woodlice from massively contaminated sites were high, it seemed that field populations were physiologically adapted to contaminants. In other hand, laboratory investigations were shown the interest of the use of P. scaber in ecotoxicity tests to assess litter quality. These studies have notably shown the sensitivity of growth rate and behavioural avoidance of P. scaber as endpoints in ecotoxicity tests
Rzeźnik-Orignac, Jadwiga. "Contribution de la méiofaune aux transferts des métaux dans le réseau trophique de la baie de Gdańsk (Baltique) et de la baie de Marennes-Oléron (Atlantique)". La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS116.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study deals with the ecology and ecotoxicology of nematodes, the main component of meiofauna communities. In situ measurements at Bays of Marennes-Oléron and Gdańsk, provide information on taxonomic/trophic structures of nematode communities. Quantitative assessment of carbon fluxes between benthic diatoms and nematodes was obtained through radioactive labelling (14C). The results confirm the significant role of nematodes in carbon flux through the trophic network. A second aim relates to ecotoxicology, considering the nematode community as a functional component, which can accumulate and biotransform metals, and transport them further up in the trophic network. Metal concentrations in nematodes are higher than those observed in benthic macrofauna, and the nematodes may therefore constitute a significant pathway for metals in the food chain. Furthermore, the results indicate that nematodes hold a central position in recycling metals fixed by the microphytobenthos
Crosnier, Jérôme. "Devenir de la pollution métallique drainée par les eaux pluviales : influence du compartiment microbien et des alternances de dessiccation-réhumectation sur le transfert du zinc dans la zone non saturée du sol". Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10101.
Pełny tekst źródłaDayras, Paul. "Paracyclopina nana : un petit copépode à fort intérêt en écotoxicologie et en aquaculture". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R074.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana plays a key role in the trophic chains of the aquatic environments of Eastern Asia. It has a small adult size (600 μm), a short life cycle, a high fecundity, and can be easily cultured under medium salinity (15 psu) and a wide range of temperatures. Its whole genome has also been recently sequenced, assembled and annotated. All these assets give it a very interesting double potential for current research: as a test organism for risk assessment associated with aquatic pollutants (bioindicator), and as a live prey in mass culture for the feeding of fish larvae in aquaculture.In the framework of this PhD project, we aimed: (i) to test the productive and qualitative potential of P. nana in aquaculture in relation to the nature of the ingested microalgae diet; (ii) to establish the profile of P. nana as an ecotoxicological model through metal contaminant exposure tests.The effects of seven different microalgal diets constituted by Rhodomonas salina (R), Tisochrysis lutea (T), and Pavlova lutheri (P) on P. nana productivity in culture were explored. The R+T and R diets induced the highest population growth and the greatest reproductive investment in ovigerous females. Those same diets also generated the highest total fatty acid content in copepods, and the highest total monosaccharide content has been found in copepods fed R+T+P. Overall results demonstrated that all the diets including R. salina lead to an increasing productivity of P. nana, and particularly when combined with T. lutea in a mixed diet.Another study examined the effects of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni), on two subpopulations of P. nana. A first experiment conducted on a regular P. nana culture showed a decreasing population growth but an increasing metal bioaccumulation in copepods. Cd was also more accumulated when it was alone than in the mixture with Cu and Ni, confirming the hypothesis of metal competition recently demonstrated in a calanoid copepod. A second experiment performed on a P. nana culture already exposed to a higher Cu concentration for several generations revealed a lesser impact on population growth and a lower metal accumulation in copepods. Increasing metal concentrations in the experimental water reflected the depuration happening in this metal-loaded population already acclimated to metal exposure.Overall results are the first ones showing that R. salina is a suitable microalga for productive mass culture of P. nana for use as live food for marine fish larval aquaculture, and to investigate the parameters influencing the bioaccumulation capacity of P. nana in response to metals in contaminated aquatic ecosystems
Roussel, Hélène. "Les effets du cuivre sur la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes aquatiques : une étude en mésocosmes lotiques". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30235.
Pełny tekst źródłaCopper is known to be a nonspecific toxicant and is frequently used as an algicide, fungicide, bactericide, plant herbicide and molluscicide in the aquatic environment. The aim of this project was to evaluate the effects of copper on the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems. To achieve this goal, the use of experimental streams called mesocosms allowed to realize ecologically realistic study while controlling many parameters. During 18 months, environmentally realistic concentrations of copper (0, 5, 25 and 75 µg/L) where applied on 12 outdoor mesocosms of 20 m long. Results showed an effect on both structure and function of the ecosystem and considering all those results, a NOECecosystem was set up at 5 µg/L for fresh water ecosystems
Lesven, Ludovic. "Devenir des éléments traces métalliques au sein du sédiment : un compartiment clé de l'environnement aquatique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10112.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe pollution of aquatic ecosystems by trace metals (TM) is one of the major problems to which is faced our present society. These metals pass in transit through the water column and are finally trapped in sediments. From then on, they are involved in several biogeochemical reactions that likely modify more or less significantly their speciation and therefore their (bio)availability for the whole trophic chain. My researches are involved in this environmental topic and take part in the European Program INTERREG-III, Stardust. Three cross-border sites between France and Belgium have mainly been considered for this thesis: Scheldt, Lys and Spierre rivers. Trace metal analysis in the three sites sediments have pointed out high contamination by cadmium. However the metals (mainly Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) are mostly trapped in the reduced sulphur pool in these sediments. Conversely, Co and Ni are less trapped in these sediments due to their higher availability. Several sediment and porewater quality indexes have been used and shown that Spierre sediments seem to have a low toxicity according to the high AVS concentrations whereas interstitial waters are more polluted because of the low water hardness. Furthermore, the DGT -AgI technique used for the determination of dissolved sulphides has been deployed successfully in the North Sea sediment core to emphasize the sëasonal effect on the sulphides production. ln the same way, our work on gold microelectrodes results finally in the monitoring on line of Zn and Pb concentration in Deùle river, and sorne preliminary measurements directly in the Deûle sediments
Albert, Quentin. "Sélection de souches fongiques performantes dans la biosorption de 3 éléments traces métalliques (Cd, Cu et Pb) et étude de leur spéciation minéralogique en microcosme de sol". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC202/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoil contaminations by trace metals are the second most frequent contamination in the world, counting more than 5 million polluted sites. This contamination represents a risk for the environment, the economy, the agriculture and the public health. Cd, Cu, and Pb are among the most frequent and/or toxic elements of this contamination. The hardly predictable behavior of trace metals in the soil matrix turn the remediation methods into a complex issue. Biological methods could be an economic, eco-friendly, and efficient alternative. The potential of the Fungi is more and more studied in this field.Our work aim is to evaluate the tolerance and the biosorption abilities of 28 fungi isolated from polluted soils, and to select the most efficient ones to perform microcosm's experiments of polluted soils. Thus, 3 fungal isolates have been selected. Absidia cylindrospora tolerates 1000 mg.L-1 in agar medium and biosorbs more than 50% of Cd and Pb after 3 days in liquid medium. Coprinellus micaceus biosorbs 100% of Pb in liquid medium. Finally, Chaetomium atrobrunneum biosorbs more than 50% of each metals after 3 days of exposure in liquid medium.The microcosm's experiments reveal that the colonization abilities of the isolates is crucial to enhance the influence of the fungal development on the potentially mobile metal fraction. Thus, A. cylindrospora shows the best potential among the tested isolates in bioaugmented microcosms in order to decrease the potentially mobile fraction of the metals. After 20 days, this isolate decrease the potentially mobile fraction of Cd and Cu respectively by 5 and 7%. Complementary experiments are needed to improve the process (longer experiment, higher fungal biomass) and to better understand the transfers of the metals in presence of fungal organisms
Debieche, Taha Hocine. "Evolution de la qualité des eaux (salinité, azote et métaux lourds) sous l'effet de la pollution saline, agricole et industrielle : application à la basse plaine de la Seybouse Nord-Est algérien". Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2011.
Pełny tekst źródłaRees, Frédéric. "Mobilité des métaux dans les systèmes sol-plante-biochar". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0293/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBiochars play a central part in the mitigation of global changes. They also represent a challenge for the sustainable management of contaminated soils. This work was conducted in order to better understand the effects of biochar on the mobility of metals in soils and their uptake by plants. A range of experiments was set up following a gradual increase of complexity, with a wood-derived biochar obtained by pyrolysis at 450 °C and two soils, acidic or alkaline, contaminated by Cd, Pb and Zn from smelter activity. Various plant species with contrasting response to metals were tested. Batch sorption and column leaching experiments coupled to microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of biochars were conducted, together with plant growth experiment in pots, rhizoboxes and lysimeters. Results demonstrate that biochar's carbonated mineral phases play a dominant role in the immobilization of metals. They lead to metals direct sorption on the surface of biochar by co-precipitation. Their dissolution also contributes to the increase of soil pH, leading to an increased retention of metals on soil particles. Biochar alters the transfer of metals to the plants by decreasing the availability of metals, but also by decreasing the mobility of major cations and by modifying root surface. A decrease of metal transfer to the shoots was generally observed with Lolium perenne or Zea mays, while an increase of the uptake of Cd and Zn by the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens was evidenced. In conclusion, biochar controls the mobility of metals in soil-plant systems through a range of different mechanisms. From a practical point of view, biochar promotes both strategies of phytostabilization and phytoextraction of metals in contaminated soils
Catinon, Mickaël. "Détermination de la pollution atmosphérique métallique : étude critique de l’utilisation des écorces d’arbres". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554894.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuman activities are responsible for the atmospheric transfer of several types of compounds among which elements are present. One of the secondary effects of such transfer may be to affect human health and the functionality of ecosystems. After atmospheric transfer, a complex deposition of the elements occurs on the earth surface, with very unequal distribution, accumulation or dilution inducing quite different effects on water and soil composition and on the functionalities of living beings. The deposition process has been studied for approximately half a century on tree trunks. These organs constitute a very common vertical matrix on which quantitative or biomonitoring studies can be efficiently carried out, thus offering widely used routine tests. However, for a better exploitation of the information contained in such deposits, a much better understanding of this type of deposition was required. Such is the purpose of this report. A single tree species was chosen for this study: Fraxinus excelsior L. , a very common tree for our region, which was cultivated in the campus station and which could be found at several altitudes between 200 and 1700 m. Our methodological approach consisted in mixing two types of analytical techniques: ICP-MS and SEM-EDX which allowed to obtain an accurate concentration measurement of trace elements, a determination of their location or distribution at a microscopic scale and a chemical determination of the composition of crystallized or precipitated compounds. The time-scale of our studies on deposits ranged from 3 months to 40 years. Two types of fractions were analysed separately: a superficial one, on the stems, and another one, integrated inside the suber tissue and also inside other tissues. It was demonstrated that the superficial deposit was in fact a component of a specific small ecosystem characterized by a non-negligible photosynthetic rate and by a reviviscent ability. The superficial deposit is submitted to a partial lixiviation by rain. The suber tissue is a waterproof, apoplastic layer able to tightly retain most of the elements over long periods of time. It seems to be the best tissue for retaining atmospheric components over several decades. The deposit has several possible origins geogenic, biogenic or anthropogenic. In order to focus on this last fraction, a new system of calculation was conceived, which allows to determine the composition of an atmospheric anthropic elements fraction (AAEF). Moreover, this AAEF was fractionated into two parts, a dispersed one inside the deposit and a pattern of solid particles which were found either in the superficial deposit or inside the suber but not in the other tissues. A purification of the solid particles fraction was carried out, separating the water-soluble elements, the HNO3 2N-soluble ones and the solid residue. This last fraction contains most of the geogenic components, and of the Pb and Mn contents. The HNO3 fraction concentrates the elements such as Zn and Cu. The main purification steps are associated to the presence of the whole stock of dispersed K and Na inside the water phase and of Ca in the HNO3 fraction. This fractionation probably allows interesting speciation studies. With all these new experimental approaches, it seems possible to obtain realistic analyses of the historical and geographical distributions of elements deposits on different spatial scales
Bonneris, Emmanuelle. "Étude de l'implication de différents ligands cellulaires dans la séquestration du cadmium, du cuivre, et du zinc chez les mollusques bivalves d'eau douce exposés à une contamination environnementale". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE18001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main goal of this research was to evaluate the involvement of different cellular ligands in cadmium, copper and zinc sequestration in bivalves. Indigenous specimens of the bivalve Pyganodon grandis were collected from nine lakes along a metal contamination gradient in the Rouyn-Noranda area (Quebec). In these chronically exposed animals, the accumulated Cd concentrations depend on the environmental dissolved Cd concentrations, and on the nature and the abundance of the biological ligands, which differed among organs (gills versus digestive gland). In the digestive gland, Cd is largely sequestered by the metallothioneins (MT), whereas granules represent the main sink for Cd, Cu and Zn in the gills. A transplantation experiment, involving a change in the exposure regime, demonstrated the precocity of Cd sequestration at the granules level, which appears concomitantly with MT biosynthesis. A molecular approach biology carried out in the laboratory on Dreissena polymorpha aimed at studying the precocity of the response of an isoform of MT
Achour, Yosra. "Etude de la mobilité des métaux (Pb, Zn, Cd) et des métalloïdes (As, Sb) dans les sols carbonatés contaminés par les rejets miniers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2022. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2022ORLE1041_va.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis provides answers on the ecodynamics and phytoavailability of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in agricultural soils heavily contaminated by mining waste developed on a carbonated bedrock of northern Tunisia (Jebel Ressas (JRS), Jebel Hallouf (JH1) and Sidi Bouaoune (SB) in a semi-arid climate.The main contaminants in question are Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb which can respectively reach 185037 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 28,000 mg.kg-1 at (JH1), 1021 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 1,355 mg.kg-1 and 338 mg.kg-1 at (JH1).These soils are essentially made up of clays (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite), carbonates (calcite, dolomite, and hydrozincite), silicates (quartz and hemimorphite), and sulfates (barite and anglesite).The rhizospheric effect on the mobility of PTE has been investigated using kinetic test with a mixture of low molecular weight organic acids. The results showed an increase in the pH of the solution (initial pH 2.8) up to near neutrality, leading to the dissolution of carbonates. Our results suggest that the most extractable elements are Cd and Zn and to a lesser extent Pb. an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively, was observed. for metalloids (As and Sb) their extractibility was relatively low with the exception of the soils of Jebel Hallouf and Sidi Bouaouane, with an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively.For the determination of the forms of the PTE in soils, two methods of sequential extractions were applied (BCR and Maiz). Jointly, the total dissolved concentration in pore waters, the labile fraction (DGT probes) and the absorption by plants (barley and peas) were measured in order to study the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of two sites post-mining (Jebel Hallouf - Sidi Bouaouane and Jebel Ressas).Our résultats showed that the PTE in the mobile and mobilisable fraction(Maiz scheme) of the soils are low compared to their total concentrations. The BCR scheme revealed that most of the PTE are bound to the residual fraction with the exception of Zn at JRS which is much more concentrated in the exchangeable fraction. An exception was also observed for Pb in JH(1) and JH(2) soils where it was distributed evenly in the exchangeable, oxidizable and residual fractions, the percentage of which varies between 23 % and 32 %.The response of plants to these contaminants shows that peas and barley have accumulated TPE levels exceeding the levels absorbed by plants in control soils.Total dissolved concentrations soil power water as well as concentrations measured by DGT are not correlated with primary plant leaf content. This result is explained by the fact that the concentrations of PTE accumulated in the plants are higher than those available in the power waters and that the replenishment of the solid phase is practically negligible.The risk of transfer of PTE to water was studied by percolation in saturated conditions in soil columns reproducing the surface profile. A progressive decrease in the redox potential related to the concentration of organic carbon in the soil induced an increase in the mobility of arsenic probably related to the microbial reduction of iron oxides
Diop, Cheikh. "Étude de la contamination, de la spéciation et de la biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les eaux et sédiments côtiers et estuariens au Sénégal : évaluation de la toxicité potentielle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10034.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this study was to assess the trace metals contamination level, chemical speciation, bioavailability and toxicity in sediments and water column from Dakar coast and Saint Louis estuary in Senegal. For water column, the results show that the pollution of the estuary was more serious than in Dakar coast for Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn; while, Cd and Cu were higher in Dakar coast. A strong affinity between metals and suspended particles has been revealed and the mobility of trace metals in estuary is controlled by dissolved organic carbon, while in coast it depends on chlorides. This study has assessed the metals trace contamination level in sediments and to examine their bioavailability and toxicity. Toxicity indexes are exceeded one in several sites suggesting the potential effects on sediment-dwelling organisms. However, seasonal variability of metal bioavailability was noted, revealing the best period to monitor metal contamination. From an ecotoxicological point of view, concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb were above the effects range low (ERL) threshold limit of the sediment quality guidelines for adverse biological effects. The accumulated trace metals in sediment can be released into the water column due to sediments resuspension caused by tide, flood effects or dredging activities which increases the risk to aquatic ecosystem. Thus, this work is interested in the behavior of metals during these phenomena. The results showed an important mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd and their mobility is strongly correlated to their speciation and bioavailability
Superville, Pierre-Jean. "Suivi en ligne par voltampérométrie de la spéciation des éléments traces métalliques et des espèces soufrées réduites en cours d’eau : de la conception de la station de mesure aux applications environnementales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10014.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to better understand the dynamic fate and speciation of trace metals in the aquatic systems, an Automatic Trace metal Monitoring Station (ATMS) based on voltammetric techniques has been developed during this PhD. This ATMS includes a potentiostat-galvanostat, a stand with a measurement cell, pumps and burettes and is handled with optimized procedures to measure hourly the concentrations of électrolabile and acid-leachable trace metals. Another set of procedures was also developed for the measurement of reduced sulphur species which can greatly influence the metal speciation. These methods have been applied to the Deûle River, daily navigated, downstream of a metallurgical complex, where sediments are heavily contaminated, especially with Zn and Pb. The results demonstrate for the first time in this kind of aquatic system that the chronic resuspension of sediment leads to the desorption of trace metals from sedimentary particles and their dilution in the overlying water. Furthermore, the set of data recorded during the year 2011 reveals an evolution of these sorption mechanisms. A strong bacterial activity in the sediment in summer seems indeed to result in the formation of less-efficient-metal-bounding particulate phases. Thus, trace metals exhibit a more dynamic behaviour in summer and lower and less variable concentrations in winter. These advances open clearly the way for new researches on trace metal behaviour in riverine water where transitory or exceptional events occur (floods, eutrophication, dredging…)
Sivry, Yann. "Utilisation des isotopes stables de Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni et Pb pour quantifier le compartiment échangeable des éléments trace métalliques et de delta66Zn pour tracer les pollutions polymétalliques". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/471/.
Pełny tekst źródłaA multi-elementary spiking method has been is developpeddeveloped in order to simultaneously quantify and caracterizecharacterize simultaneously the labile pools fraction of Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu and Pb in contaminated soils. This method is has been validated by comparison with 1) radioactive Cd spiking data,g Cd and of2) chemical extractions results. In additionFurthermore, an integrated study of Zn isotopic signatures (d66Zn) in various compartments pools of two contaminated ecosystems (zinc smelting sites of Viviez-Decazeville, S. -W. Of France and of Kempen, N. -E of Belgium) has been performed allowing the identification of various allows to assume a coherent scheme of Zn isotopic fractionations during associated to the metallurgical processes. The differents d66Zn ratio observed in between "enriched" and "residual" zinc would be a powerfull tool to identify the metallurgical contaminations origins. These results demonstrate the efficiency of stable isotopes as tracers for contamination processes and sourcescontaminations tracers