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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Polyurethan foam production”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 2 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Jeffs, G. M. F., and D. J. Sparrow. "Progress in the Reduction and Elimination of the Use of CFCs in Rigid Polyurethane Foam." Cellular Polymers 9, no. 4 (1990): 253–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248939000900401.

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There is a growing consensus that CFCs will be phased out by the year 2000. Finding other ways of blowing polyurethane foams whilst retaining their excellent insulation properties is the major technical challenge currently facing the polyurethanes industry. The most promising technical solution to date is the replacement of CFC 11, the principal blowing agent for rigid polyurethane foams, by either HFA 123 or HFA 141b. Both are proving to be viable alternatives. Significant progress has already been made in reducing substantially the amount of CFC 11 needed for foam manufacture by using a dual

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Lee, Joo Hyung, Seong Hun Kim, and Kyung Wha Oh. "Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams with Castor Oil Based Multifunctional Polyols for Improved Compressive Properties." Polymers 13, no. 4 (2021): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040576.

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Currently, most commercial polyols used in the production of polyurethane (PU) foam are derived from petrochemicals. To address concerns relating to environmental pollution, a sustainable resource, namely, castor oil (CO), was used in this study. To improve the production efficiency, sustainability, and compressive strength of PU foam, which is widely used as an impact-absorbing material for protective equipment, PU foam was synthesized with CO-based multifunctional polyols. CO-based polyols with high functionalities were synthesized via a facile thiol-ene click reaction method and their chemi

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Ugarte, Lorena, Tamara Calvo-Correas, Itziar Gonzalez-Gurrutxaga, et al. "Towards Circular Economy: Different Strategies for Polyurethane Waste Recycling and the Obtaining of New Products." Proceedings 2, no. 23 (2018): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2231490.

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As a consequence of the high production and simultaneous consumption of polyurethanes (PU) a great volume of PU waste is landfilled. In this scenario, suitable and efficient routes for PU waste recycling have been searched for many years. In this work two series of PUs using different recycled PU sources were synthesized: a thermoplastic PU series using a glycolysated polyol obtained from the glycolysis of elastomeric PU waste (chemical recycling) and a PU flexible foam series loaded with PU dust waste created in the shaping of PU surf tables (mechanical recycling). Results showed that the inc

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Polaczek, Krzysztof, Maria Kurańska, Elżbieta Malewska, Małgorzata Czerwicka-Pach, and Aleksander Prociak. "From Bioresources to Thermal Insulation Materials: Synthesis and Properties of Two-Component Open-Cell Spray Polyurethane Foams Based on Bio-Polyols from Used Cooking Oil." Materials 16, no. 18 (2023): 6139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186139.

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Open-cell spray polyurethane foams are widely used as highly efficient thermal insulation materials with vapor permeability and soundproofing properties. Unfortunately, for the production of commercial foams, mainly non-renewable petrochemical raw materials are used. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of completely replacing petrochemical polyols (the main raw material used in the synthesis of polyurethanes, alongside isocyanates) with bio-polyols obtained from used cooking oils, classified as waste materials. The research consisted of three stages: the synthesis of bio-pol

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Sullivan, W. F., and A. K. Thomas. "The Use of An All CO₂ Blown Foam in Production." Cellular Polymers 11, no. 1 (1992): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248939201100102.

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Prior to the Montreal Protocol on ozone depleting substances, dichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) had been widely used in polyurethane foam formulations as both a blowing agent and to endow the foam with excellent insulation properties. Now, U.S. manufacturers of products containing rigid polyurethane foam insulation must face the challenge of eliminating CFC-11 from their products. This must be done while retaining the excellent insulation properties that have made PUR foam the most effective insulation material in use today. Elimination of CFC-11 without any reduction in foam insulation efficienc

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Domingos, Idalina J., Ana P. Fernandes, José Ferreira, Luísa Cruz-Lopes, and Bruno M. Esteves. "Polyurethane foams from liquefied Eucalyptus globulus branches." BioResources 14, no. 1 (2018): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.1.31-43.

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Currently, polyurethane (PU) production is completely dependent upon fossil oil, as the two primary reagents necessary for PU production, polyol and isocyanate, are derived from fossil fuels. Eucalyptus branches are waste products for most forest management companies. In this work, polyols obtained by the liquefaction of eucalyptus branches were used for foam production. The influence of the isocyanate, catalyst, surfactant, and blowing agent contents on the foam properties was studied. Overall the amount of each chemical used in the production of PU foams had a noticeable effect on the densit

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Sendijarevic, Ibrahim, Karol W. Pietrzyk, Christi M. Schiffman, Vahid Sendijarevic, Alper Kiziltas, and Debbie Mielewski. "Polyol from spent coffee grounds: Performance in a model pour-in-place rigid polyurethane foam system." Journal of Cellular Plastics 56, no. 6 (2020): 630–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x20912204.

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The objective of this study was to produce a polyol from spent coffee grounds via acid liquification process that meets performance requirements for use in polyurethane applications. The spent coffee grounds based polyol was characterized and evaluated on a fully catalyzed model rigid polyurethane foam system. The pH of the polyol was 6.8, acid value 4.12 mg KOH/g, and hydroxyl value 302.6 mg KOH/g, which are in the range of polyols used in rigid polyurethane foams. The reactivity study confirmed enhanced reactivity of the spent coffee grounds polyol compared to standard sucrose-glycerol initi

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8

Omotoyinbo, Joseph Ajibade, Isiaka Oluwole Oladele, Jamiu Mosebolatan Jabar, et al. "Comparative investigation of the influence of kaolin and dolomite on the properties of polyurethane foam." Manufacturing Review 8 (2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2021025.

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This work investigates the influence of kaolin and dolomite on the properties of polyurethane foam. The selected fillers were pulverized and sieved to obtained < 90 μm that were used as reinforcements in the polyurethane matrix in a randomly dispersed mode. The matrix constituents were mixed in the same ratio while fillers were introduced via a one-shot system approach in predetermined proportions of 3–7 wt.%. The work was carried out to identify optimum fillers to be utilized in the production of polyurethane rigid foams given the effect of the fillers on the physical, mechanical, and chem

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Paciorek-Sadowska, Joanna, Marcin Borowicz, Marek Isbrandt, Bogusław Czupryński, and Łukasz Apiecionek. "The Use of Waste from the Production of Rapeseed Oil for Obtaining of New Polyurethane Composites." Polymers 11, no. 9 (2019): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091431.

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This article presents the results of research on obtaining new polyurethane materials modified by a by-product from vegetable oils industry—rapeseed cake. The chemical composition of rapeseed cake was examined. Rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams containing a milled rapeseed cake in their composition were obtained as part of the conducted research. Biofiller was added in amount of 30 wt.% up to 60 wt.%. Effects of rapeseed cake on the foaming process, cell structure and selected properties of foams, such as apparent density, compressive strength, brittleness, flammability, abso

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10

Udayakumar, Mahitha, Renáta Zsanett Boros, László Farkas, et al. "Composite Carbon Foams as an Alternative to the Conventional Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon in Catalytic Application." Materials 14, no. 16 (2021): 4540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164540.

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The suitability of a new type of polyurethane-based composite carbon foam for several possible usages is evaluated and reported. A comparison of the properties of the as-prepared carbon foams was performed with widely available commercial biomass-derived activated carbon. Carbon foams were synthesized from polyurethane foams with different graphite contents through one-step activation using CO2. In this work, a carbon catalyst was synthesized with a moderately active surface (SBET = 554 m2/g), a thermal conductivity of 0.09 W/mK, and a minimum metal ion content of 0.2 wt%, which can be recomme

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11

Chmiel-Szukiewicz, Elżbieta. "Hardly Flammable Polyurethane Foams with 1,3-Pyrimidine Ring and Boron Atoms." Polymers 13, no. 10 (2021): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101603.

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This work presents the results of research related to the determination of application possibilities of new oligoetherols with 1,3-pyrimidine rings and boron atoms in rigid polyurethane foam production. Oligoetherols were obtained from 1,3-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)uracil, boric acid, and ethylene carbonate. Their structure was determined by instrumental methods (IR, 1H-NMR and MALDI-ToF spectra) and the physicochemical and thermal properties were examined. Obtained oligoetherols were used for synthesis of polyurethane foams. Some properties of the foams, such as apparent density, water uptake, dimen

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12

Noureddine, Boumdouha, Safidine Zitouni, Boudiaf Achraf, Chabane Houssém, Duchet-Rumeau Jannick, and Gerard Jean-François. "Development and Characterization of Tailored Polyurethane Foams for Shock Absorption." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (2022): 2206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042206.

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In this paper, different types of polyurethane foams (PUR) having various chemical compositions have been produced with a specific density to monitor the microstructure as much as possible. The foam may have a preferential orientation in the cell structure. The cellular polyurethane tends to have stubborn, typical cellular systems with strong overlap reversibility. Free expansion under atmospheric pressure enables formulas to grow until they are refined. Moreover, the physicochemical characterization of the developed foams was carried out. They later are described by apparent density, Shore ha

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Paciorek-Sadowska, Joanna, Marcin Borowicz, and Marek Isbrandt. "Evaluation of the Effect of Waste from Agricultural Production on the Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams." Polymers 15, no. 17 (2023): 3529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15173529.

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The management of by-products and waste from agriculture and the agri-food industry is a challenge for the plastics industry. Flexible polyurethane foams (EPPUR) containing ground corncake from corn oil production were obtained. The influence of the bio-filler on the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of synthesized flexible polyurethane foams was investigated. The content of corncake ranged from 0 php (part per 100 parts of polyol) to 10 php. Open-cell flexible polyurethane foams with a favorable comfort factor were obtained. The lower reactivity of the developed polyurethane systems w

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Margarita Alexandrovna, Goncharova, Korneeva Anastasia Olegovna, Korneev Oleg Olegovich, and Hameed Ghalib Hussain Al-Surraiwy. "Effective polyurethane compositions filled with industrial wastes." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.13 (2018): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.13.12671.

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Formulations are developed and optimized for of rigid polyurethane foams filled with converter slag. The optimum content of the filler is 30%. Polyurethane compositions have the following characteristics: average density – 42.59 kg/m3, compressive strength at 10% deformation – 0.293 MPa, water absorption by volume 1.71%, coefficient of thermal conductivity – 0.028 W/m·0C. Polyurethane foams are applied in sandwich panels, multi-layer roof constructions and for the manufacture of fixing systems for metal rolled.Sandwich panels with polyurethane foam insulation and sheathing of specialized panel

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15

Özveren, Nihan, and M. Özgür Seydibeyoğlu. "The Use of Biodiesel Residues for Heat Insulating Biobased Polyurethane Foams." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6310198.

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The commercial and biobased polyurethane foams (PUF) were produced and characterized in this study. Commercial polyether polyol, crude glycerol, methanol-free crude glycerol, and pure glycerol were used as polyols. Crude glycerol is byproduct of the biodiesel production, and it is a kind of biofuel residue. Polyol blends were prepared by mixing the glycerol types and the commercial polyol with different amounts, 10 wt%, 30 wt%, 50 wt%, and 80 wt%. All types of polyol blends were reacted with polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanates (PMDI) for the production of rigid foams. Thermal properties o

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Ajayi, Arinola Bola, Habeeb Akorede Mustapha, Abiodun Felix Popoola, Tosin Emmanuel Folarin, and Samuel Olabode Afolabi. "Development of a Laboratory-Scale Steam Boiler for Polyurethane (Foam) Waste Recycling Machine." Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 7, no. 2 (2023): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.55579/jaec.202372.409.

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In this paper, a laboratory-scale (small) Steam Boiler was designed and developed for a small-scale polyurethane recycling machine. A small-sized polyurethane machine was developed for the recycling of polyurethane foams to reduce wastes in the polyurethane production industries and also to reuse old discarded foams after their useful lives. It has been observed from studies carried out in many foam manufacturing industries that the polyurethane foam wastes generated from various plant operations are enormous. Also, polyurethane (foam) products are everywhere in our homes, industries and autom

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17

Кочерженко, А., and A. Kocherzhenko. "OBTAINING FILLED POLYURETHANE FOAM WITH IMPROVED OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 4 (2019): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5cb1e65f6791b0.52319300.

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One of the most important advantages of polyurethane foam is the ability of single-stage production. Foaming and curing of this heat insulation does not require the supply of heat in connection with the exothermic fusion reaction that occurs when two or more liquid components are mixed, with simultaneous adhering of polyurethane foam to various surfaces due to good adhesion to almost any material. At the same time, this foam polymer has a low density and is able to withstand quite large loads.  Thermal insulation material with improved performance properties can be obtained with a carefu

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Ganesan, Kavya, Bethany Guin, Elijah Wilbanks, and James Sternberg. "Synthesis and Characterization of Soy Hull Biochar-Based Flexible Polyurethane Foam Composites." Materials 18, no. 9 (2025): 2006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18092006.

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Flexible polyurethane foams are a diverse class of materials encompassing furniture, packaging, automotive, and many other industrial and domestic applications. Polyurethane foams are synthesized by the addition of polyols and isocyanates; however, the petroleum origin and toxic nature of isocyanates have driven many to look for more sustainable routes to production. Renewable fillers have emerged as a biobased resource to decrease the carbon footprint of this widely used polymeric material. In this study, soy hulls, as mass-produced, industrial by-products of soybean production, were used to

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Kiss, Gabriel, Gerlinde Rusu, Geza Bandur, Iosif Hulka, Daniel Romecki, and Francisc Péter. "Advances in Low-Density Flexible Polyurethane Foams by Optimized Incorporation of High Amount of Recycled Polyol." Polymers 13, no. 11 (2021): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111736.

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An industrially manufactured recycled polyol, obtained by acidolysis process, was for the first time proved to be a possible replacement of the reference fossil-based polyol in a low-density formulation suitable for industrial production of flexible polyurethane foams. The influence of increasing recycled polyol amounts on the properties of the polyurethane foam has been studied, also performing foam emission tests to evaluate the environmental impact. Using 10 pbw recycled polyol in the standard formulation, significant differences of the physical properties were not observed, but increase of

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Leszczyńska, Milena, Elżbieta Malewska, Joanna Ryszkowska, et al. "Vegetable Fillers and Rapeseed Oil-Based Polyol as Natural Raw Materials for the Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foams." Materials 14, no. 7 (2021): 1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071772.

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The reported study concerns the introduction of renewable raw materials into the formulation of rigid polyurethane foams in the quest for the sustainable development of polymer composites. In this study, rigid polyurethane foam composites were prepared using 75 wt.% of rapeseed oil-based polyol and 15 parts per hundred parts of polyol (php) of natural fillers such as chokeberry pomace, raspberry seeds, as well as hazelnut and walnut shells. The influence of the used raw materials on the foaming process, structure, and properties of foams was investigated using a FOAMAT analyzer and a wide sele

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Singh, Vratika, Mahesh N. Gopalasamudram, and Jaya Maitra. "Variable pressure foaming on functionality and structural properties correlation in flexible polyurethane foam." Brazilian Journal of Development 10, no. 1 (2024): 1605–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n1-102.

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The production cost of flexible polyurethane foam is significantly dependent on the cost of polyol, which constitutes the largest percentage of materials used in foam production with the characteristics to induce superior mechanical properties. Suitable fillers that are relatively cheap can be introduced in the foam as replacement for polyol. Certain compositions of filler have deleterious effect on some relevant mechanical properties of the foam. This paper investigates the Effects of Variable Pressure Foaming on functionality and structure property correlation in polyurethane foam using diff

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Grancharov, Georgy, Mariya-Desislava Atanasova, Radostina Kalinova, et al. "Biorenewable Oxypropylated Pentane-1,2,5-triol as a Source for Incorporation in Rigid Polyurethane Foams." Polymers 15, no. 20 (2023): 4148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15204148.

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In this study, as a product from the efficient Achmatowicz rearrangement and mild subsequent hydrogenation–reduction reactions of biorenewable C5 alcohols derived from lignocellulose, pentane-1,2,5-triol was successfully used after oxypropylation in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams—one of the most important classes of polymeric materials. Despite the broad range of applications, the production of polyurethanes is still highly dependent on petrochemical materials considering the need of renewable raw materials and new process technologies for the production of polyol or isocyanate co

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Malewska, Elżbieta, Maria Kurańska, Klara Grelowska, et al. "Hydroxyl Derivatives of Oils from Solid Fats as Components for Production of Polyurethane Foams." Molecules 30, no. 13 (2025): 2703. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30132703.

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Biopolyols derived from solid fats of both vegetable origin (coconut oil (P/CO) and palm oil (P/PA)) and animal origin (pork fat (P/PO) and duck fat (P/DU)) were used to produce thermal insulation polyurethane foams. The biopolyols were characterized by hydroxyl numbers in the range of 341–396 mgKOH/g, a viscosity of 60–88 mPa·s, and a functionality of 2.3–3.4. Open-cell polyurethane foams were obtained by replacing from 50 to 100 wt.% of a petrochemical polyol with the biopolyols from solid fats. The most advantageous properties were found for the materials modified with the biopolyol based o

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Kairytė, Agnė, Saulius Vaitkus, and Giedrius Balčiūnas. "THE IMPACT OF CHAIN EXTENDER ON THE PROPERTIES OF POLYURETHANE FOAM BASED ON RAPESEED OIL POLYOL OBTAINED VIA CHEMO–ENZYMATIC ROUTE." Engineering Structures and Technologies 8, no. 3 (2016): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2016.1209726.

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Presently, researches regarding green chemistry are conducted due to its significance for the mitigation of environmental problems, particularly those related to carbon dioxide emissions in relation to global warming and the usage of fossil feedstocks not only for energy generation but also for materials production. The study examines the impact of bio-products such as corn starch, rapeseed glycerin as well as petroleum based propylene glycol as bifunctional and trifunctional chain extenders on physical-mechanical properties of polyurethane foam from rapeseed oil polyol derived via chemo-enzym

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Kirpluks, Mikelis, Ugis Cabulis, Viesturs Zeltins, Laura Stiebra, and Andris Avots. "Rigid Polyurethane Foam Thermal Insulation Protected with Mineral Intumescent Mat." Autex Research Journal 14, no. 4 (2014): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2014-0026.

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Abstract One of the biggest disadvantages of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams is its low thermal resistance, high flammability and high smoke production. Greatest advantage of this thermal insulation material is its low thermal conductivity (λ), which at 18-28 mW/(m•K) is superior to other materials. To lower the flammability of PU foams, different flame retardants (FR) are used. Usually, industrially viable are halogenated liquid FRs but recent trends in EU regulations show that they are not desirable any more. Main concern is toxicity of smoke and health hazard form volatiles in PU foam materia

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Paciorek-Sadowska, Joanna, Marcin Borowicz, Janusz Datta, Łukasz Piszczyk, Paulina Kosmela, and Iwona Zarzyka. "Polyurethane Nanocomposites with Open-Cell Structure Modified with Aluminosilicate Nano-Filler." Materials 17, no. 22 (2024): 5641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17225641.

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Nanocomposite flexible polyurethane foams (nFPUfs) were obtained by modifying the polyurethane formulation by adding a halloysite nano-filler in the amount of one to five parts by weight per hundred parts of used polyol (php). Flexible polyurethane (PU) foams with an open-cell structure and with a beneficial SAG factor were obtained. Premixes with nano-filler had a lower reactivity than the reference PU system. This favored the production of smaller cells, but with a more rounded shape in comparison with the REF foam without the nano-filler. During the study, the morphology and physical and me

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Yakushin, Vladimir, Ugis Cabulis, Velta Fridrihsone, Sergey Kravchenko, and Romass Pauliks. "Properties of polyurethane foam with fourth-generation blowing agent." e-Polymers 21, no. 1 (2021): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2021-0081.

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Abstract Climate change makes it imperative to use materials with minimum global warming potential. The fourth-generation blowing agent HCFO-1233zd-E is one of them. The use of HCFO allows the production of polyurethane foam with low thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity, like other foam properties, depends not only on the density but also on the cellular structure of the foam. The cellular structure, in turn, depends on the technological parameters of foam production. A comparison of pouring and spray foams of the same low density has shown that the cellular structure of spray foam consi

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Fedorova, T. P., G. V. Pavlova, and V. A. Zelenin. "Hygienic assessment of working conditions in the manufacture of polyurethane foam products." Kazan medical journal 68, no. 2 (1987): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj96059.

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We studied working conditions in the production of polyurethane foam products for the automotive industry. Polyurethanes are synthesized by interaction of isocyanates with polyesters in the presence of stabilizers, catalysts, emulsifiers, foaming agents, colorants, etc. Of all compounds used, the most toxic are toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (DMI) and the amines triethylenediamine, triethanolamine.

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Gu, Xiaohua, Shangwen Zhu, Siwen Liu, and Yan Liu. "Analysis of the Influencing Factors of the Efficient Degradation of Waste Polyurethane and Its Scheme Optimization." Polymers 15, no. 10 (2023): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102337.

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This work proposes an efficient catalytic recovery and utilization method for waste polyurethane foam. This method uses ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PPG) as two-component alcohololytic agents for the alcoholysis of waste polyurethane foams. For the preparation of recycled polyethers, the conditions of different catalytic degradation systems were catalyzed by duplex metal catalysts (DMC) and alkali metal catalysts, and a synergy with both was also used. The experimental method was adopted with the blank control group and was set up for comparative analysis. The effect of the catal

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Bello, Kabirat O., and Ning Yan. "Mechanical and Insulation Performance of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Reinforced with Lignin-Containing Nanocellulose Fibrils." Polymers 16, no. 15 (2024): 2119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16152119.

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Isocyanates are critical components that affect the crosslinking density and structure of polyurethane (PU) foams. However, due to the cost and hazardous nature of the precursor for isocyanate synthesis, there is growing interest in reducing their usage in polyurethane foam production—especially in rigid PU foams (RPUF) where isocyanate is used in excess of the stoichiometric ratio. In this study, lignin-containing nanocellulose fibrils (LCNF) were explored as mechanical reinforcements for RPUF with the goal of maintaining the mechanical performance of the foam while using less isocyanate. Dif

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El Khezraji, Said, Suman Thakur, Mustapha Raihane, et al. "Use of Novel Non-Toxic Bismuth Catalyst for the Preparation of Flexible Polyurethane Foam." Polymers 13, no. 24 (2021): 4460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244460.

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Foam products are one of the largest markets for polyurethane (PU) and are heavily used in many sectors. However, current PU formulations use highly toxic and environmentally unfriendly production processes. Meanwhile, the increasing environmental concerns and regulations are intensifying the research into green and non-toxic products. In this study, we synthesized flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) using different weight percentages (0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1%) of a non-toxic bismuth catalyst. The bismuth-catalyzed foams presented a well evolved cellular structure with an open cell morphology. The

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Majib, Nur Mawaddah, Sam Sung Ting, Noorulnajwa Diyana Yaacob, Nor Munirah Rohaizad, and Lee Boon Beng. "Effects of different biomass on the properties of Pleurotus Djamor eco-friendly foam." E3S Web of Conferences 437 (2023): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343703004.

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Plastic waste and polyurethane foam are major sources of pollution that threatens environments’ biodiversity. The objective of the study is to create an eco-friendly foam from Pleorotus djamor mycelium, rice husk and sugarcane bagasse. The mushroom industry’s overabundance of materials, like oyster mushrooms and biomass, has provided an alternative method to make foam that could be beneficial for the environment. The biomass, consisting of rice husk and sugarcane bagasse, both of which are necessary for the production of foam, was evaluated as a substrate. Pleurotus djamor was inoculated on bo

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Pendle, T. D. "A Review of the Moulded Latex Foam Industry." Cellular Polymers 8, no. 1 (1989): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248938900800101.

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This review describes the processes used in latex foam production and the changes that have occurred in the industry in the last thirty years. It is concluded that the increased use of synthetic latices for foam production has been nearly sufficient to compensate for the losses in natural latex usage arising from competition from flexible polyurethane foams. As a consequence, the industry is today in a better condition than many people realise and may well have a viable future into the next century. It is also shown that the bulk of latex foam production has moved away from the countries that

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Rosbotham, Dave, Rik De Vos, and Joris Deschaght. "Micro-fine Cellular Technology for the Appliance Industry." Cellular Polymers 11, no. 4 (1992): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248939201100403.

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When expanded with CFCs, rigid polyurethane foams display exceptional thermal insulation properties. The imminent phase-out of CFCs due to their environmental impact, however, has produced intensive research programmes throughout the polyurethanes industry. These aim to develop technologies, based on environmentally acceptable blowing agents, which produce foams with equivalent insulation performance to CFC 11 systems. HCFC 22 has been considered as a possible alternative to CFC 11 because of its lower environmental impact. The gas's low boiling point of -40°C, however, results in processing p

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Zakrzewska, Patrycja, Monika Kuźnia, Beata Zygmunt-Kowalska, Anna Magiera, and Aneta Magdziarz. "Utilization of Sunflower Husk Ash in the Production of Polyurethane Materials." Energies 16, no. 24 (2023): 8080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16248080.

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Energy produced from waste biomass is more environmentally friendly than that produced from fossil resources. However, the problem of managing waste from the thermal conversion of biomass arises. The overarching goal of this article was to propose a method of utilizing biomass ash (sunflower husk) as a filler that positively affects the properties of rigid polyurethane foams. The scope of the presented research is to obtain and characterize rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) with the addition of two types of fillers: sunflower husks (SHs) and sunflower husk ash (SHA). First, an analysis of the f

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Colvin, B. G. "An Integrated Approach to Foam Development for Automotive Instrument Panels." Cellular Polymers 11, no. 1 (1992): 29–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248939201100103.

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The technical requirements of semi-rigid polyurethane foams for automotive instrument panels have become increasingly demanding in recent years. This is predominantly due to the change in design of cars and the consequent impact upon the design of instrument panels. In particular, larger and flatter windscreens have resulted in higher interior temperatures and higher thermal stresses. In addition, some companies have moved towards a closed mould technique which when combined with the requirement to produce longer, more complex instrument panels, has put pressure on foam formulators to provide

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NJEXTR. "DEVELOPMENT OF BIOBASED FOAM FROM JATROPHA SEED OIL POLYOL: EFFECT OF ISCOYANATE ON SOME PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE BIOBASED FOAM." Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Research 9, no. 2 (2023): 173–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13932871.

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Designers and manufacturers need to study the appropriate factors that affect the polyurethane foams production and full usage in order to exploit their full potential because of the continuous growth of their usage. This work studied the effectiveness of Toluene Isocyanate (TDI) on the tensile strengths, compression set value, elongation at break, density support factor and the hardness of the biobased polyurethane foam. The chemicals (Polyol, Dimethyl ethyl amine, Silicone oil, Methylene chloride, Tin catalyst and Water) were weighed in separate containers and added into the mixing vessel. V

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Omotoyinbo, J. A., I. O. Oladele, J. M. Jabar, et al. "MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISATION, RHEOLOGICAL AND WATER ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF FILLED POLYURETHANE FOAM." FUTA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 16, no. 1 (2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51459/futajeet.2022.16.1.359.

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This work investigates the microstructural characterization, rheological and water absorption properties of granite and feldspar filled polyurethane foam. Foaming of polyurethane with the use of synthetic materilas as suitable additives remain a major setback for polyurethane foams. Hence, granite and feldspar are selected as the fillers, pulverized and sieved to ˂90 µm and are randomly dispersed into the polyurethane matrix. The matrix constituents were mixed in the same ratio while fillers were introduced via a one-shot system approach in predetermined proportions of 3-7 wt%. The work was ca

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Gu, Xiaohua, Xiaoyao Wang, Tong Wang, et al. "Analysis of Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Catalysts Used in Waste PU Degradation." Polymers 14, no. 24 (2022): 5450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245450.

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Polyurethane (PU) is an indispensable part of people’s lives. With the development of polyurethane, the disposal of polyurethane waste has become a significant issue around the world. Conventional degradation catalysts have poor dispersion and low degradation efficiency when used in the process of solid degradation into liquid. Therefore, this paper innovatively adopts self-made core–shell nanoscale titanium catalysis, traditional alkali metal catalyst (KOH), and polyol to carry out the glycolysis of waste polyurethane (PU) pipeline foam. The homogenized nanoscale titanium catalyst coated with

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Vevere, Laima, Sarmīte Janceva, Alexandr Arshanitsa, and Galina Telysheva. "Polyols from Condensed Tannin Enriched Extracts for Rigid Polyurethane Foam Production." Key Engineering Materials 762 (February 2018): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.197.

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A condensed tannin enriched extract from Grey alder bark was completely liquefied using the batch solvent free oxypropylation process in a high pressure reactor. The obtained polyols were characterized in terms of their composition, functionality, viscosity, and reactivity towards isocyanate. The main constituents of the obtained polyols included high functional polyphenolics based copolymers and low functional constituents – carbohydrate derived products based copolymers and polypropylene glycols. This structure is important for governing the balance between the rigidity and elasticity of pol

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Kuźnia, Monika, Beata Zygmunt-Kowalska, Artur Szajding, Anna Magiera, Rafał Stanik, and Maik Gude. "Comparative Study on Selected Properties of Modified Polyurethane Foam with Fly Ash." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (2022): 9725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179725.

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The aim of the article is to compare two types of fly ash (from the fluidized and pulverized coal combustion process) as a filler for rigid polyurethane foam. Pulverized fly ash (PFA) is widely used in building materials, while fluidized fly ash (FFA) is not currently recycled, but landfilled. The produced rigid polyurethane foams were reinforced with 5 and 10% by weight addition of fly ash from two different types of boilers. The foaming process, physical properties, morphologies and thermal degradation were subject to comparative analysis. The research indicated that fly ash intensifies the

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Kirpluks, Mikelis, Ugis Cabulis, Maria Kurańska, and Aleksander Prociak. "Three Different Approaches for Polyol Synthesis from Rapeseed Oil." Key Engineering Materials 559 (June 2013): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.559.69.

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Three different kinds of polyols from rapeseed oil were synthesised and characterized during this study. Afterwards, using these polyols rigid polyurethane foams were produced, which are used as thermal insulation material in construction industry and in production of refrigerators. Polyols from rapeseed oil were synthesised by epoxidation, transamidization and transesterification methods. One rapeseed oil based polyol was synthesized by partial epoxidation of the double bonds in fatty acid chains and overall opening oxirane rings by using diethylene glycol. Other two methods transamidization

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Lin, Zhaojun, Qianqiong Zhao, Ruilan Fan, Xiaoxue Yuan, and Fuli Tian. "Flame retardancy and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foam conjugated with a phosphorus–nitrogen halogen-free intumescent flame retardant." Journal of Fire Sciences 38, no. 3 (2020): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904119890685.

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In this work, a halogen-free intumescent combining phosphorus and nitrogen, flame-retardant 2-((2-hydroxyphenyl)(phenylamino)methyl5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane 2-oxide (HAPO) was successfully synthesized. It had been synthesized by reaction of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3, 2-dioxphosphinane 2-oxide with Schiff base. Its chemical structure was characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and 31P NMR spectrum. The flame-retardant polyurethanes were prepared with different loadings of HAPO. The thermal properties, flame retardancy and combustion behavior of the pure poly

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Sari, Imas Ganda, and Naziyah Naziyah. "Analisis Asuhan Keperawatan dengan Intervensi Penggunaan Polyurethane Foam sebagai Balutan Sekunder Pada Fase Proliferasi Pada Pasien Tn. M, Ny. N dan Ny. E dengan Ulkus Dekubitus di Wocare Center Kota Bogor." Jurnal Kreativitas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) 6, no. 10 (2023): 4349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v6i10.11400.

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ABSTRAK Ulkus dekubitus merupakan suatu keadaan dimana ada kerusakan jaringan setempat atau luka yang diakibatkan oleh tekanan dari luar yang berlebihan, dan pada umumnya terjadi pada pasien yang menderita penyakit kronik yang sering berbaring lama di tempat tidur. Masalah keperawatan utama yang ditemukan pada saat pengkajian terhadap pasien Tn. M, Ny. N dan Ny. E adalah gangguan intergritas kulit/jaringan, yang dibuktikan dengan adanya data subjektif dan objektif pada gejala dan tanda mayor berupa adanya ulkus dekubitus. Menganalisis asuhan keperawatan dengan intervensi penggunaan Polyurethan

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Ivdre, Aiga, Arnis Abolins, Nikita Volkovs, et al. "Rigid Polyurethane Foams as Thermal Insulation Material from Novel Suberinic Acid-Based Polyols." Polymers 15, no. 14 (2023): 3124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143124.

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Developing polyols from biomass sources contributes to a more circular economy by replacing petroleum-based polyols in the vast production of polyurethanes (PUR). One such potential biomass source could be leftover birch bark from which suberinic acids (SA) can be obtained. The purpose of this study was to identify the best synthesis routes for novel SA-based polyols, obtain rigid PUR foams, and evaluate their competitiveness and potential suitability as thermal insulation material. Novel polyols were synthesized from depolymerized SA by esterification with various functionality and molecular

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Czupryński, Bogusław, Joanna Liszkowska, and Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska. "Modyfication of the Rigid Polyurethane-Polyisocyanurate Foams." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/130823.

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The effect of polyethylene glycol 1500 on physicomechanical properties of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (PUR-PIR) foams has been studied. It was found that application of polyethylene glycol 1500 for synthesis of foams in amount from 0% to 20%w/whad an effect on reduction of brittleness and softening point, while the greater the increase in compressive strength the higher its content in foam composition was. Wastes from production of these foams were ground and subjected to glycolysis in diethylene glycol with the addition of ethanolamine and zinc stearate. Liquid brown products were obt

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Paciorek-Sadowska, Joanna, Marcin Borowicz, and Marek Isbrandt. "New Poly(lactide-urethane-isocyanurate) Foams Based on Bio-Polylactide Waste." Polymers 11, no. 3 (2019): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030481.

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The article presents the results of research on the synthesis of a new eco-polyol based on polylactide (PLA) waste and its use for the production of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams. The obtained recycling-based polyol was subjected to analytical, physicochemical and spectroscopic tests (FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) to confirm its suitability for the synthesis of polyurethane materials. Then, it was used to partially replace petrochemical polyol in polyurethane formulation. The obtained RPU/PIR foams were characterized by lower apparent density, brittleness, and water absorption.

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Simioni, F., M. Modesti, and S. A. Rienzi. "Polyol Recovery from Elastomer Polyurethane Waste." Cellular Polymers 6, no. 6 (1987): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248938700600603.

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Waste and scraps, from polyurethane elastomers, mainly from the shoe sole production, can be conveniently converted by a transesterification process into polyols which can be reused in the production of rigid foams, with both economical and ecological advantages. In the transesterification process, secondary reactions leading to amine formation, can be controlled by means of the reaction conditions. In the production of rigid foam the recovered products are mixed with fresh polyol; the recovered/fresh polyol ratio must be moderate in order to obtain materials with sufficiently high dimensional

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Schäfer, Kay, Susann Anders, Stefan Valentin, et al. "Investigation of the specific adhesion between polyurethane foams and thermoplastics to suited material selection in lightweight structures." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 50, no. 8 (2018): 720–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244318765040.

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Lightweight construction combines various materials to create resource efficient components. Thermoplastics (TPs) combined with polyurethane (PUR) foams are increasingly used to create hybrid composites. Optimizing the energy efficiency is one of the main issues in the development of production processes of components. Reducing the number of process steps offers great potential in this respect. PUR foam develops a strong adhesive bond with most materials. This is used for the manufacturing of hybrid composite components by filling complex cavities with PUR foam simultaneously bonded with other

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Hurd, R. "Some Actions Taken by Flexible Foam Producers in Europe to Meet the Requirements of Legislation on Health and the Environment." Progress in Rubber and Plastics Technology 8, no. 1 (1992): 49–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/147776069200800104.

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Present and impending EEC and national legislation poses considerable problems for the producers of flexible foams. EUROPUR and B.R.M.A. Working Groups have been defining what information is required by polyurethane foam producers and what practical steps their particular industry can take to meet present and prospective legislation. To meet new requirements in the protection of the health of employees the B.R.M.A. Working Group, including medical advisers and members of the Government Health Inspectorate, has produced a Code of Practice. This gives detailed advice on the medical selection, sc

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