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1

Oliveira, Luciano de, Diana Rosa dos Reis, and Nora Katia Saavedra del Aguila Hoffmann. "Decay process of free residual chlorine concentration affected by travel time in water distribution systems." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 17, no. 3 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2830.

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Chlorination is the most widely used method for disinfecting water for human consumption. While the chlorinated water travels through a distribution system, the concentration of free residual chlorine (FRC) declines depending on the natural water characteristics. This study investigated FRC decay in two types of water sources – ground and surface water – with varied concentrations of organic compounds. The travel time variable depended on water consumption patterns of both distribution systems which attend low density populations and their initial project needs. Based on mathematical simulatio
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Dr., Mahmoud Ali* Prof. Jürgen Siegmann. "INTRODUCING HIGH SPEED RAIL SYSTEM IN MIDDLE EAST (KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA): A COMPARISON OF PAST, CURRENT AND FUTURE NETWORKS." Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management 4, no. 7 (2017): 59–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.832614.

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High-speed rail has flourished in technological development since their first appearance in Japanese Shinkansen line 1960. High speed rail systems are far more developing in developed countries, than the Emerging countries especially Saudi Arabia. The study then applies these two models to an emerging high speed network such as the planned/under construction corridors in Saudi Arabia to assess the extent of applicability and suitability of applying established high speed models to the Haramain high speed rail project network. The focus of the article is on assessing the three keys distinct mod
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Stephens, Mark, Mark Bensink, Samuel Brotherton, David Chandler, Jacob Garcia, and Christopher Hollenbeak. "Geographic Access to Oncology Services in the United States (US): Travel Disparities May Affect Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Administration." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 5905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5905.5905.

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Abstract Introduction: Cancer patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy often have suppressed white blood cell counts and are at risk for febrile neutropenia (FN). Treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs) after administration of chemotherapy is indicated for patients with a clinically significant risk of FN. In the US most doses of G-CSFs are administered in the clinic during separate visits after the chemotherapy session, to ensure on-label administration. Patients typically must return to the clinic between 1 and 7 times per chemotherapy cycle for G-CSF injection
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Sommar, Johan Nilsson, Christer Johansson, Boel Lövenheim, Anders Markstedt, Magnus Strömgren, and Bertil Forsberg. "Potential Effects on Travelers’ Air Pollution Exposure and Associated Mortality Estimated for a Mode Shift from Car to Bicycle Commuting." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (2020): 7635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207635.

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This study aims to use dispersion-modeled concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and black carbon (BC) to estimate bicyclist exposures along a network of roads and bicycle paths. Such modeling was also performed in a scenario with increased bicycling. Accumulated concentrations between home and work were thereafter calculated for both bicyclists and drivers of cars. A transport model was used to estimate traffic volumes and current commuting preferences in Stockholm County. The study used individuals’ home and work addresses, their age, sex, and an empirical model estimate of their expected p
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Elnaji, Abdulaziz Ahmida SALEH, and COBANOĞLU Hatice. "Change of Mg and K concentrations for 40 years in the Düzce atmosphere by Pinus pinaster annual rings." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 3 (2022): 560–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7902938.

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Air is one of the most essential elements that living things need to survive. Air pollution has become even more important due to reasons such as population growth and the difficulties brought by global warming and war. The factors that make up air pollution are also one of the most important factors of environmental pollution and cause serious pollution problems. While some metals in the air positively affect plant growth as nutrient elements in agricultural activities, they cause deterioration of plant development due to the accumulation of high concentrations in plant organs. This study, as
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Karaer, Alican, Nozhan Balafkan, Michele Gazzea, Reza Arghandeh, and Eren Erman Ozguven. "Analyzing COVID-19 Impacts on Vehicle Travels and Daily Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Levels among Florida Counties." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 6044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226044.

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The COVID-19 outbreak and ensuing social distancing behaviors resulted in substantial reduction on traffic, making this a unique experiment on observing the air quality. Such an experiment is also supplemental to the smart city concept as it can help to identify whether there is a delay on air quality improvement during or after a sharp decline on traffic and to determine what, if any, factors are contributing to that time lag. As such, this study investigates the immediate impacts of COVID-19 causing abrupt declines on traffic and NO2 concentration in all Florida Counties through March 2020.
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Suprayogi, Slamet, Aulia Nur Fitriyani, and Venny Vivid Fadhilah. "FLOW ENGINEERING TO REMEDIATE CONTAMINATED WATER QUALITY DUE TO DOMESTIC WASTE DISPOSAL IN BELIK RIVER, YOGYAKARTA." JURNAL GEOGRAFI 14, no. 1 (2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jg.v14i1.27738.

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The Belik River Basin is located in an urban area and is affected by rapid population growth. Belik River flows from north of the UGM campus (Karangwuni Subvillage in Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman) to Umbulharjo District then feeds into Gajah wong River before emptying into Opak River. This study sought to examine the effects of flow engineering on the quality of domestic waste-contaminated waters. The flow engineering is in the form of a small weir or pile of stones aiming to elevate the upstream water level and create a free fall or plunge that aerates the overflowing water. The water was samp
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Quon, Doris V., Johnny N. Mahlangu, Amy D. Shapiro, et al. "Predicting FVIII Activity in Patients Who Use Recombinant FVIII Fc Fusion Protein for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Bleeding Episodes." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1522.1522.

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Abstract Introduction: Prophylactic treatment with factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy reduces the frequency of bleeding and prevents arthropathy in patients with hemophilia A. The phase 3 A-LONG study (Mahlangu et al. Blood 2014) demonstrated the prolonged half-life of recombinant FVIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) relative to recombinant FVIII, as well as the efficacy and safety of rFVIIIFc for routine prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding in subjects with severe hemophilia A. While the efficacy of rFVIIIFc for the treatment of bleeding was previously evaluated in an aggregate analysis o
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Karol, Seth E., Todd M. Cooper, Henrique Bittencourt, et al. "Safety, Efficacy, and PK of the BCL2 Inhibitor Venetoclax in Combination with Chemotherapy in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Phase 1 Study." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129805.

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Introduction: Venetoclax (VEN) is a highly selective B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitor approved for the treatment of adults with hematologic malignancies. VEN has antileukemic activity in pediatric patient (pt)-derived xenograft models and cell lines. Data from these and ongoing adult studies of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) provide rationale for trials in a pediatric population. This study evaluated VEN as monotherapy (monoTx) and in combination with disease-specific chemotherapy (CTx) regimens in pediatric and young adult pts with relapsed/refractory (R/R) malignancies. Preliminary results f
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van Welie, N., I. Roest, M. Portela, et al. "Thyroid function in neonates conceived after hysterosalpingography with iodinated contrast." Human Reproduction 35, no. 5 (2020): 1159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa049.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Does exposure to preconceptional hysterosalpingography (HSG) with iodinated oil-based contrast affect neonatal thyroid function as compared to iodinated water-based contrast? SUMMARY ANSWER Preconceptional HSG with iodinated contrast did not influence the neonatal thyroid function. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY HSG is a commonly applied tubal patency test during fertility work-up in which either oil- or water-based contrast is used. Oil-based contrast contains more iodine compared to water-based contrast. A previous study in an East Asian population found an increased risk of c
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Martínez Sánchez, Pilar, Paul Gordon, Stefan Schwartz, et al. "Safety and Efficacy of Subcutaneous (SC) Blinatumomab for the Treatment of Adults with Relapsed or Refractory B Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (R/R B-ALL)." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (2021): 2303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-150018.

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Abstract Background Blinatumomab is a BiTE ® (bispecific T cell engager) molecule that engages patients' T cells to the CD19 antigen on lymphoid tumor cells. Blinatumomab administered as a 28-day continuous intravenous infusion (cIV) is approved in multiple regions for the treatment of R/R B-ALL in adults and children. Subcutaneous delivery may improve the convenience and satisfaction of patients with R/R B-ALL who are candidates for blinatumomab therapy. Here we report the results from the first cohort of adults with R/R B-ALL receiving SC blinatumomab. Methods In this ongoing multicenter, si
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Peffault De Latour, Regis, Robert A. Brodsky, Stephan Ortiz, et al. "Ravulizumab (ALXN1210) Versus Eculizumab in Adults with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Observed in Two Phase 3 Randomized, Multicenter Studies." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (2018): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-110858.

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Abstract Background/Objective: In 2 large, phase 3 clinical studies, ravulizumab (ALXN1210), an innovative C5 inhibitor administered every 8 weeks, achieved noninferiority to eculizumab in complement inhibitor-naive and -experienced patients (pts) with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). The objective of this analysis was to characterize ravulizumab pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). Potential PD differences between ravulizumab and eculizumab were also examined to explore a possible mechanistic explanation for the robust clinical results observed in the phase 3 studies. Th
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Barr, Lawrence C. "Testing for the Significance of Induced Highway Travel Demand in Metropolitan Areas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1706, no. 1 (2000): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1706-01.

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A research study was conducted to evaluate and quantify the effect of highway capacity improvements on travel demand. Statistical models using Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey data were designed to estimate relationships between average household travel time and vehicle-miles of travel. Several regression models were estimated, and the results were stratified by urbanized area, public transportation availability, metropolitan area size, family life cycle, day-of-week of travel, and population density. Travel-time elasticities of -0.3 to -0.5 were generally found, after taking into acc
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Gonzalez-Traves, P., L. Simpson, B. Murray, et al. "POS0224 SELECTIVITY OF CLINICAL JAK INHIBITORS AND THE IMPACT ON NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELL FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (2021): 331.1–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2741.

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Background:Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKinibs) show similar efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, in vitro studies have shown differences in JAK selectivity profiles for baricitinib (BARI), tofacitinib (TOFA), upadacitinib (UPA) and filgotinib (FIL).1,2 These lead to distinct pharmacologic profiles in cellular signaling assays that may impact clinical efficacy or safety1. NK cells are innate lymphocytes important in anti-pathogen responses and immune surveillance, which function via production of cytokines and cell killing3. NK cell proliferation and IFNγ production are JAK-depe
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Okola, Anna. "Departure Time Choice for Recreational Activities by Elderly Nonworkers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1848, no. 1 (2003): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1848-12.

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A discrete choice analysis was performed to study the temporal preferences of elderly persons for recreational trips. Departure time choice studies for recreational activities helped in gaining an understanding of flexible travel behavior. Elderly persons form the fastest-growing age groups, and results from the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey indicate an increase in travel by elderly persons. This study was the first part in a study of the interaction of age, emerging transport technologies, and activity participation. Modeling departure time choice for elderly persons is criti
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Kaandorp, Vince P., Hans Peter Broers, Ype van der Velde, Joachim Rozemeijer, and Perry G. B. de Louw. "Time lags of nitrate, chloride, and tritium in streams assessed by dynamic groundwater flow tracking in a lowland landscape." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 6 (2021): 3691–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3691-2021.

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Abstract. Surface waters are under pressure from diffuse pollution from agricultural activities, and groundwater is known to be a connection between the agricultural fields and streams. This paper is one of the first to calculate long-term in-stream concentrations of tritium, chloride, and nitrate using dynamic groundwater travel time distributions (TTDs) derived from a distributed, transient, 3D groundwater flow model using forward particle tracking. We tested our approach in the Springendalse Beek catchment, a lowland stream in the east of the Netherlands, for which we collected a long time
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Wesolowski, Amy, C. J. E. Metcalf, Nathan Eagle, et al. "Quantifying seasonal population fluxes driving rubella transmission dynamics using mobile phone data." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 35 (2015): 11114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423542112.

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Changing patterns of human aggregation are thought to drive annual and multiannual outbreaks of infectious diseases, but the paucity of data about travel behavior and population flux over time has made this idea difficult to test quantitatively. Current measures of human mobility, especially in low-income settings, are often static, relying on approximate travel times, road networks, or cross-sectional surveys. Mobile phone data provide a unique source of information about human travel, but the power of these data to describe epidemiologically relevant changes in population density remains unc
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Ware, Brandon O., Modhurima Dey Amin, Eric L. Jessup, and Jill J. McCluskey. "Neighborhood racial composition, income, and distance to grocery retailers in Seattle." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 50, no. 3 (2021): 512–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2021.23.

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AbstractThis article examines whether racial disparities exist in travel distances and travel times to grocery stores in Seattle, WA. In contrast to the findings of studies conducted in other metropolitan cities, Seattle, WA, has few food deserts. We find that disparities in travel distance and travel time to supermarkets vary with the percentage of specific racial and ethnic populations. Greater Asian populations in a census tract are associated with shorter travel distance to the grocery, low income, and low vehicle access. For the Hispanic population, a greater percentage in a census tract
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Wong, Kerry LM, Oliver J. Brady, Oona Maeve Renee Campbell, et al. "Current realities versus theoretical optima: quantifying efficiency and sociospatial equity of travel time to hospitals in low-income and middle-income countries." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 4 (2019): e001552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001552.

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BackgroundHaving hospitals located in urban areas where people, resources and wealth concentrate is efficient, but leaves long travel times for the rural and often poorer population and goes against the equity objective. We aimed to assess the current efficiency (mean travel time in the whole population) and equity (difference in travel time between the poorest and least poor deciles) of hospital care provision in four sub-Saharan African countries, and to compare them against their theoretical optima.MethodsWe overlaid the locations of 480, 115, 3787 and 256 hospitals in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeri
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Li, Kevin, Kajal Mehta, Ada Wright, et al. "75 Geographic Location-Allocation Modeling to Optimize National Burn Care Delivery and Disaster Planning." Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, Supplement_1 (2021): S52—S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab032.079.

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Abstract Introduction The study country has a disproportionally high burn incidence rate compared to other low- and middle-income countries. Preventable death and disability are common due to poor population-level spatial access to organized burn care, including no organized system of ground or aeromedical transport. Currently, severe burns are referred to a single facility nationwide, often with suboptimal stabilization and/or significant care delay. Therefore, we aimed to identify existing candidate hospitals that would optimize population-level access to acute burn care if burn stabilizatio
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Major-Monfried, Hannah, Umut Ozbek, Anne S. Renteria, et al. "Biomarkers Predict Graft-Vs-Host Disease Outcomes Better Than Clinical Response after One Week of Treatment." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.510.510.

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Abstract Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the primary cause of non-relapse mortality (NRM) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, does not always respond to treatment with high dose systemic corticosteroids. We have recently shown that a combination of three biomarkers (TNFR1, ST2, and REG3α) measured at onset of GVHD can predict day 28 response to treatment and 6-month NRM (Levine, Lancet Haem, 2015). Our goal in the current study was to determine if the same biomarker-based Ann Arbor GVHD algorithm can alsopredict treatment response andmortality whenapplied after one
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Asfaw, A., K. Maher, and J. D. Shucksmith. "Modelling of metaldehyde concentrations in surface waters: A travel time based approach." Journal of Hydrology 562 (July 2018): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.04.074.

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Kissoon, Niranjan, and Tim Uyeki. "Caught napping in the time of tropical diseases." CJEM 16, no. 06 (2014): 429–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500003419.

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Airline deregulation in 1978 and optimization of routes have been a boon to foreign travel, including to and from Canada, which has one of the fastest growing populations of the G8 countries. Millions of overseas tourists visit Canada each year. More than 20% (almost 7 million) of Canada’s population is foreign born, with at least 50% of new immigrants arriving from tropical locales. Recent immigrants may travel to and from their countries of origin.
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AZEMSHA, S., and V. MOROZOV. "CALCULATION OF TRANSPORT MOBILITY PARAMETERS POPULATION OF G. GOMEL." Herald of Polotsk State University. Series B. Industry. Applied Sciences 47, no. 1 (2023): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1616-2023-47-1-60-64.

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Тransport mobility determines the number of movements and the way they are carried out by the population of the city. Such data are the basis for transport planning, assessing the dynamics of changes in the parameters of transport mobility, determining the effectiveness of decisions made in the field of transport, etc. The classic parameter that determines transport mobility is the average number of movements a resident makes per day. In this article, in addition to this parameter, a number of characteristics have been studied that make it possible to detail the essence of the current transpor
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Turrentine, Florence E., Patrick J. Buckley, Min-Woong Sohn, and Michael D. Williams. "Travel Time Influences Readmission Risk: Geospatial Mapping of Surgical Readmissions." American Surgeon 83, no. 6 (2017): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481708300621.

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The University of Virginia (UVA) has recently become an Accountable Care Organization (ACO), intensifying efforts to provide better care for individuals. UVA's ACO population resides across the entire Commonwealth, with a large percentage of patients living in rural areas. To provide better health for this population, the central tenet of the ACO mission, we identified geographic risk factors influencing hospital readmission. We analyzed the relationship between the distance of patients’ residence to the nearest hospital and 30-day readmission in general surgery patients. A retrospective chart
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Iyer, Hari S., Nicholas G. Wolf, Edda Vuhahula, et al. "Geographic Variation in Access to Pathology and Laboratory Services in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Geospatial Analysis." JCO Global Oncology 6, Supplement_1 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.41000.

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PURPOSE Increasing noncommunicable disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa requires the urgent scale-up of pathology and laboratory medicine (PALM) services. To identify service gaps at the district level, we studied geographic variation in the correlation between travel time to health facilities and population density. METHODS We linked geospatial data for Tanzania from multiple sources. Facility locations were extracted from a comprehensive facility list in Africa. Data on geographic factors, demographics, and roads were collected from government and nonprofit databases. We classified facilitie
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Martinazzo, Lucila, and Claudio Falavigna. "Public transport accessibility to hospitals in the city of Córdoba: a comparative analysis in times of a pandemic (2019-2021)." Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 8, no. 1 (2022): e589. http://dx.doi.org/10.32358/rpd.2022.v8.589.

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Purpose: to evaluate the potential accessibility to public hospitals between 2019 and 2021. Methodology/Approach: comparative analysis of travel times by public transport, calculated using the r5r package in R with the GTFS provided by the municipality. Findings: for the three hospital categories evaluated, travel times increased around 20% in the study period, and the most vulnerable quintiles of population increased their travel times 8 points above the less vulnerable quintiles. Research Limitation/implication: travel times were calculated with programmed schedules and frequencies and fixed
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Juran, Sabrina, P. Niclas Broer, Stefanie J. Klug, et al. "Geospatial mapping of access to timely essential surgery in sub-Saharan Africa." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 4 (2018): e000875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000875.

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IntroductionDespite an estimated one-third of the global burden of disease being surgical, only limited estimates of accessibility to surgical treatment in sub-Saharan Africa exist and these remain spatially undefined. Geographical metrics of access to major hospitals were estimated based on travel time. Estimates were then used to assess need for surgery at country level.MethodsMajor district and regional hospitals were assumed to have capability to perform bellwether procedures. Geographical locations of hospitals in relation to the population in the 47 sub-Saharan countries were combined wi
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Bungin, Victor, Indra Birawaputra, and Sudarman Sudarman. "Performance Evaluation of Mini Bus Type Public Transportation on the Manokwari – South Manokwari Route." JISTECH: Journal of Information Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (2023): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jistech.v12i1.205.

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Manokwari Regency and South Manokwari Regency are two regencies located in West Papua Province which are quite reliable for having tourism and economic potential. Based on data from the population census of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for South Manokwari Regency in 2021, the population of South Manokwari Regency is 35,949 people. Along with increasing population growth and an increase in the economy, the number of trips made by individuals is increasing. Therefore, improving Regency public transport services is absolutely necessary both in terms of time, distance traveled, availability
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Saw, Krishna, Aathira K. Das, Bhimaji K. Katti, and Gaurang J. Joshi. "Travel Time Estimation Modelling under Heterogeneous Traffic: A Case Study of Urban Traffic Corridor in Surat, India." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 47, no. 4 (2018): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.10847.

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Achievement of fast and reliable travel time on urban road network is one of the major objectives for a transport planner against the enormous growth in vehicle population and urban traffic in most of the metropolitan cities in India. Urban arterials or main city corridors are subjected to heavy traffic flow resulting in degradation of traffic quality in terms of vehicular delays and increase in travel time. Since the Indian roadway traffic is characterized by heterogeneity with dominance of 2Ws (Two wheelers) and 3Ws (Auto rickshaw), travel times are varying significantly. With this in backgr
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Chen, Daipeng, Yuyi Xue, and Yanni Xiao. "Determining travel fluxes in epidemic areas." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 10 (2021): e1009473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009473.

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Infectious diseases attack humans from time to time and threaten the lives and survival of people all around the world. An important strategy to prevent the spatial spread of infectious diseases is to restrict population travel. With the reduction of the epidemic situation, when and where travel restrictions can be lifted, and how to organize orderly movement patterns become critical and fall within the scope of this study. We define a novel diffusion distance derived from the estimated mobility network, based on which we provide a general model to describe the spatiotemporal spread of infecti
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Fraser, S. A., N. J. Wood, D. M. Johnston, G. S. Leonard, P. D. Greening, and T. Rossetto. "Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 6 (2014): 4163–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-4163-2014.

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Abstract. Evacuation of the population from a tsunami hazard zone is vital to reduce life-loss due to inundation. Geospatial least-cost distance modelling provides one approach to assessing tsunami evacuation potential. Previous models have generally used two static exposure scenarios and fixed travel speeds to represent population movement. Some analyses have assumed immediate evacuation departure time or assumed a common departure time for all exposed population. In this paper, a method is proposed to incorporate time-variable exposure, distributed travel speeds, and uncertain evacuation dep
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Engelen, Lina, Erika Bohn-Goldbaum, Melanie Crane, Martin Mackey, and Chris Rissel. "Longer, More Active Commute, but Still not Very Active: Five-Year Physical Activity and Travel Behavior Change in a University Population." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (2019): 2420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132420.

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Active travel can support the achievement of recommended levels of physical activity. Monitoring travel behavior of university students and staff provides a useful insight into patterns of regional travel and population level changes in physical activity. This study sought to evaluate current travel and physical activity behaviors in a university population and to determine whether these changed over time. An online survey of travel behavior and physical activity was conducted at the University of Sydney, Australia. The survey was actively promoted for three weeks prior to the release of the s
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Rigon, Riccardo, Marialaura Bancheri, and Timothy R. Green. "Age-ranked hydrological budgets and a travel time description of catchment hydrology." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 12 (2016): 4929–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4929-2016.

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Abstract. The theory of travel time and residence time distributions is reworked from the point of view of the hydrological storages and fluxes involved. The forward and backward travel time distribution functions are defined in terms of conditional probabilities. Previous approaches that used fixed travel time distributions are not consistent with our new derivation. We explain Niemi's formula and show how it can be interpreted as an expression of the Bayes theorem. Some connections between this theory and population theory are identified by introducing an expression which connects life expec
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Lyu, Anji. "Feasibility Analysis of Interstellar Travel from Earth to Kepler-22b Planet - Based on Time Dilation." Theoretical and Natural Science 84, no. 1 (2025): 17–21. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2025.21034.

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Amidst the current challenges facing Earth, such as resource scarcity, unsustainable population growth, and climate change, this paper explores the potential for interplanetary travel, specifically assessing the feasibility of reducing travel time from Earth to another habitable planet, Kepler-22b. By adopting the Python programming language to validate the feasibility of interplanetary travel between Earth and Kepler-22b, the research demonstrates that applying the time dilation theory has the possibility to reduce travel time significantly. The findings suggest that the spacecraft would need
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Farida, Farida, Agus Juanda, and Shinta Novriani. "analysis of The Probability od Choosing a Public Transportation Mode Using A Binomial Model of Differential Logit." Journal of World Science 3, no. 9 (2024): 1139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.58344/jws.v3i9.1178.

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Urbanization and mobility of the population have increased interest in efficient and convenient transportation systems, especially for trips from Cirebon to Jakarta via the Cipali toll road. Public transportation modes that can be used from Cirebon to Jakarta include buses, travel and trains. This study reviews public transportation buses and travel, focusing on the characteristics and probability of mode selection by travelers. The crucial factors studied are cost, travel time, and access time. Primary data was obtained from questionnaires using the stated preference method and secondary data
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Peng, Yong, Zhiyao Mo, and Song Liu. "Passenger’s routes planning in stochastic common-lines’ multi-modal transportation network through integrating Genetic Algorithm and Monte Carlo simulation." Archives of Transport 59, no. 3 (2021): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0123.

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In the urban transportation network, most passengers choose public transportation to travel. However, bad weather, accidents, traffic jams and other factors lead to uncertainty in transportation network. Besides, transport vehicles running on the same segments of routes and belonging to different modes or routes make the transportation network more complicated. In order to improve the efficiency of passenger’s travel, this paper aim to introducing an approach for optimizing passenger travel routes. This approach takes the travel cost and the number of transfers as constraints to finding the sh
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Bouajaji, Rachid, Hassan Laarabi, Mostafa Rachik, and Abdelhadi Abta. "A Multiregion Discrete-Time Epidemic Model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections: An Optimal Control Approach." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (June 5, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5594778.

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The main goal of this article is to devise the spatial-temporal spread of TB, in multiple neighboring domains, taking into account the epidemiological diversity of their populations. However, since both the environment and any population are spatially heterogeneous, it is obviously desirable to include spatial structure into an epidemic model. Individuals with tuberculosis can spread the disease by moving from one area to another. In addition, people travel by air between cities, so diseases can be spread quickly between very distant places (as was the case with the COVID-19). In our model, ea
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Bachhuber, Marcus A., Chinazo O. Cunningham, and Ashly E. Jordan. "Potential improvement in spatial accessibility of methadone treatment with integration into other outpatient substance use disorder treatment programs, New York City, 2024." PLOS ONE 20, no. 2 (2025): e0317967. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317967.

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Background Methadone is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder; however, its provision in the US is limited to federally-regulated opioid treatment programs (OTP). Expansion of methadone treatment into non-OTP substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs (‘expanded methadone treatment access’) is a promising intervention to increase access. Methods We performed a cross-sectional geospatial analysis of public transit times to OTPs, expanded methadone treatment access, and other healthcare facilities as of March, 2024 in New York City (NYC). We estimated one-way public transit travel
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Fatima, Kaniz, Sara Moridpour, and Tayebeh Saghapour. "Development of a Public Transport Accessibility Index for Older Commuters: A Time-Based Approach." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (September 12, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9636217.

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The development of a public transport accessibility index for older travellers using total travel time is not a subject of frequent discussion. This study proposes a public transport accessibility index (EPTAI) which considers older peoples’ travel time and the populations of the second-smallest statistical areas according to census data. EPTAI identifies the level of access of the elderly to public transport (train, tram, and bus) in an urban area. The time-based EPTAI includes different trip purposes, including shopping trips (trips to shopping centres), medical trips (travel to healthcare c
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Todd, Stella W., Alex Yetsko, and Claire Hay. "Time-space Visualization of Automobile and Airplane Travel Time from Chicago to Various Destination Cities." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-131-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Travel distances are often thought of in terms of time. When asked about how far away a destination is, we answer that it is “x” minutes or hours away. This study explores a novel approach to visualize travel time from a selected, specific city to various destination cities in the Conterminous United States using two modes of transportation: automobile and airplane. Each destination city was selected randomly from cities that met a set of criteria including: city population categories, state representation, and overall geographic distribution. Fo
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Song, Genxin, Xinxin He, Yunfeng Kong, et al. "Improving the Spatial Accessibility of Community-Level Healthcare Service toward the ‘15-Minute City’ Goal in China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 8 (2022): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11080436.

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Background: The recent global COVID-19 pandemic serves as another reminder that people in different urban neighborhoods need equal access to basic medical services. This study aims to improve the spatial accessibility of healthcare services toward the ‘15-minute city’ goal. Methods: We chose Zhengzhou, China, as a case study. To improve spatial accessibility, two optimization models of optimal supply-demand allocation (OSD) and the capacitated p-medina problem (CPMP) were used. Spatial accessibility in this study is defined as the walking time from the communities to healthcare centers. Result
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Shalaby, Amer S. "A simplified approach for the historical analysis of urban person travel." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 5 (2002): 702–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-064.

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This paper presents a simplified approach to quantify the contribution of individual factors to the historical growth or decline in total travel between two points in time. The method employs person trip rates and distributions of the individual characteristics at the two time points to determine the portion of urban person travel increase or decrease associated with the change in each factor. The paper presents the application of the approach to investigate changes in person travel in the Greater Toronto Area between 1986 and 1996. Specifically, the study determined the change in person trave
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Worcester, Peter F., Matthew Dzieciuch, Heriberto J. Vazquez, and Bruce Cornuelle. "Travel-time variability during the 2016–2017 deep-water Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015712.

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The Arctic Ocean is undergoing dramatic changes in response to increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. The decreases in ice extent, the near disappearance of multiyear ice, and changes in the stratification of the ocean all have important implications for underwater acoustic propagation. During the 2016–2017 Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (CANAPE), a long vertical receiving array was embedded within an ocean acoustic tomography array of six acoustic transceivers with a radius of 150 km. The impulse response of the ocean was measured every four hours using broad
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Fraser, S. A., N. J. Wood, D. M. Johnston, G. S. Leonard, P. D. Greening, and T. Rossetto. "Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 11 (2014): 2975–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2975-2014.

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Abstract. Evacuation of the population from a tsunami hazard zone is vital to reduce life-loss due to inundation. Geospatial least-cost distance modelling provides one approach to assessing tsunami evacuation potential. Previous models have generally used two static exposure scenarios and fixed travel speeds to represent population movement. Some analyses have assumed immediate departure or a common evacuation departure time for all exposed population. Here, a method is proposed to incorporate time-variable exposure, distributed travel speeds, and uncertain evacuation departure time into an ex
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Harrington, Meagan, Amon Chirwa, Edwards Kasonkanji, et al. "Travel Time to Cancer Care is Associated With Inferior Survival for Lymphoma Patients in Malawi." JCO Global Oncology 10, Supplement_1 (2024): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go-24-14600.

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PURPOSE Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, Malawi serves a population of 10 million from the country’s Central and Northern regions. However, KCH is one of just 2 centers in the country providing care to cancer patients, leaving the majority of the population with the burden of travelling long distances for diagnosis and treatment. Spatial barriers to care, particularly in relation to travel time to clinic, are not well defined in adults with hematologic malignancies in Malawi and may contribute to disparities in diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Therefore, it is important to understan
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Vojtisek-Lom, Michal, Miroslav Suta, Jitka Sikorova, and Radim J. Sram. "High NO2 Concentrations Measured by Passive Samplers in Czech Cities: Unresolved Aftermath of Dieselgate?" Atmosphere 12, no. 5 (2021): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050649.

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This work examines the effects of two problematic trends in diesel passenger car emissions—increasing NO2/NOx ratio by conversion of NO into NO2 in catalysts and a disparity between the emission limit and the actual emissions in everyday driving—on ambient air quality in Prague. NO2 concentrations were measured by 104 membrane-closed Palmes passive samplers at 65 locations in Prague in March–April and September–October of 2019. NO2 concentrations measured by city stations during those periods were comparable with the average values during 2016–2019. The average measured NO2 concentrations at t
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Redondi, Renato, Paolo Malighetti, and Stefano Paleari. "THE ACCESSIBILITY OF EUROPEAN REGIONS AND AIRPORT NETWORK." Journal of Air Transport Studies 6, no. 2 (2015): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v6i2.60.

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The objective of this work is to evaluate the accessibility of European municipalities by air transport. We focus on travels that typically require the use of air transport by computing the quickest paths between any pair of municipalities separated by more than 500 km. The total travel time includes three components: i) travel by car or High Speed Train to reach the origin airport, ii) travel by air from the origin airport to the destination airport, including waiting times when no direct flight is available and iii) travel by car or High Speed Train from the destination airport to the munici
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Talpur, Mir Aftab Hussain, Napiah Madzlan, Ahmed Irfan, Imtiaz Ahmed Chandio, and Shabir Hussain. "Time-Space Geography: A Creditable Transport Accessibility Measure for Rural Dwellers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.763.

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Time is considered as an important element for rural inhabitants to access different essential activities efficiently. A time-space prism is a tool through which inaccessibility problems of the rural population can be resolved. Hence, the motive of this research is to examine the travel patterns, and to develop a time-space prism for the local population of the study area. The time-space prism was developed from the data, which were collected from the sampled households with the help of a questionnaire survey. This research found that transportation facilities in rural sub-regions could reduce
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Qi, Runze, Jinghu Pan, and Rong Zhang. "Comparison of Intercity Travel Network Structure during Daily Time and Holiday in China." Complexity 2021 (August 5, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2193782.

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Intercity travel by residents promotes the regathering and dissemination of social and economic factors. Based on big data from Tencent’s location-based service, 346 cities above the prefecture level in China were chosen as study objects, with 2018 as the study time node. To construct the intercity residents’ travel network, complex network analysis and GIS spatial analysis methods were used. Furthermore, when analyzing the structural characteristics and spatial differences of Chinese residents’ intercity travel from different time perspectives (the whole year, daily, Spring Festival travel ru
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