Rozprawy doktorskie: „Postulare”

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Amaro, Ingaroca Hilary Yeichem, Hernández Danny Ester Castro, Paucarmayta Lya Maribeth Centeno, Carcelen Janet Denisse Pazos i López Briggitte Sharon Valentin. "Proyecto Palante Postulante". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656842.

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Participar en un proceso de selección puede llegar a ser exhaustivo, pues la incertidumbre por conocer los resultados puede generar ansiedad. Además, si nos enfocamos en los jóvenes que se encuentran en búsqueda de su primera oportunidad laboral, la incertidumbre aumenta, ya que en la mayoría de casos, estos carecen de preparación para afrontar exitosamente los procesos de selección, por lo que finalmente no llegan a ser contratados. Es por ello que nace la idea de Palante Postulante, la cual tiene como principal objetivo dar solución a dicha problemática. El proyecto Palante Postulante consiste en demostrar la viabilidad de crear una plataforma web para personas de 18 a 25 años de Lima Metropolitana, que han sido rechazadas durante el proceso de búsqueda de empleo y buscan un soporte emocional y asesorías personalizadas para ser más empleables. Por medio de esta investigación fue posible identificar que los postulantes no se sienten preparados para afrontar un nuevo proceso de selección y desean controlar mejor sus emociones y ansiedad durante esta etapa. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto, se realizó un análisis del segmento de clientes, socios claves, competidores, estructura de costos, entre otros. Asimismo, se desarrolló el Plan Financiero, el cual nos permitió identificar que tan factible es el proyecto. Estos contienen información relevante para la puesta en marcha del proyecto. Finalmente, luego de la proyección, se estima que se recupere la inversión en el mes 20 y que el proyecto sí genera valor.
Participating in a selection process can be exhausting, as the uncertainty of knowing the results can generate anxiety. In addition, if we focus on young people who are looking for their first job opportunity, the uncertainty increases, since in most cases, they lack the preparation to successfully face the selection processes, so they are not hired. That is why the idea of Palante Postulante was born, whose main objective is to provide a solution to this problem. The Palante Postulante project consists of demonstrating the feasibility of creating a web platform for people between 18 and 25 years of age in Metropolitan Lima, who have been rejected during the job search process and are looking for emotional support and personalized advice to become more employable. Through this research it was possible to identify that applicants do not feel prepared to face a new selection process and wish to better control their emotions and anxiety during this stage. To carry out this project, an analysis of the customer segment, key partners, competitors, cost structure, among others, was carried out. Likewise, a Financial Plan was developed, which allowed us to identify the feasibility of the project. These contain relevant information for the implementation of the project. Finally, after the projection, it is estimated that the investment will be recovered in month 20 and that the project will generate value.
Trabajo de investigación

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Ferreira, Antônio Eudes. "Números primos e o Postulado de Bertrand". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9336.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This work presents a study of prime numbers, how they are distributed, how many prime numbers are there between 1 and a real number x, formulas that generate primes, and a generalization to Bertrand's Postulate. Six proofs that there are in nitely many primes using reductio ad absurdum, Fermat numbers, Mersenne numbers, Elementary Calculus and Topology are discussed.
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre os números primos, como estão distribu ídos, quantos números primos existem entre 1 e um número real x qualquer, fórmulas que geram primos, além de uma generalização para o Postulado de Bertrand. São abordadas seis demonstrações que mostram que existem in nitos números primos usando redução ao absurdo, Números de Fermat, Números de Mersenne, Cálculo Elementar e Topologia.

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Oliveira, Atelmo Ferreira de. "Evolu??o da terminoliga princ?pio cont?bil baseada na Escola Norte-Americana". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2003. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18174.

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This research has as objective of study the evolution of the accountancy princliple terminology which is present in the accounting conceptual framework. The scene of this research will have as target the North American School of Accounting. The choice of the searched terminology is its relevance in the study of the Accounting Theory. To understand the evolution of the accountancy thought, will be boarded: the influence of the Feudal System and the Mercantilism in the European economic conception; the importance of the Industrial Revolution in the beginning of the accounting standards and the influence of England in the formation of the North American School of Accounting. With relation to U.S.A., the development of the economic-financial scene of the American society will be evaluated, focusing the contribution in the search of the construction of an applied theoretical framework to the Accounting. The economic-financial development of U.S.A. provided the sprouting of new users with specific necessities. The necessity of the user for useful information for the decision taking, unchained the process of research directed toward the establishment of an applied Accountancy terminology. In this process, the paper exerted for the responsible accountancy organisms for the accounting standards will be boarded, as well as the professionals associations which had invested in researches, aiming at to elaborate a body of accountancy principles and to adjust the accountancy procedures to the necessities of the users. To reach the research objective, a bibliographical revision in specialized literature will be effected, adopting the historical method, in the period that understands the development of the North American School of Accounting. As result of the research, it can conclude that the evolution process of the terminology which is studied presents a structural logical problem, because the impossibility of the construction of a theoretical framework, having as bases the principle terminology. The impossibility occurred in function of the reach attributed to the term, which made a difficult in its application in the elaboration of the accountancy procedures
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo o estudo da evolu??o da terminologia princ?pio cont?bil, constante no referencial conceitual da contabilidade. O cen?rio da pesquisa ter? como escopo a Escola norte-americana de contabilidade. A escolha da terminologia a ser pesquisada deve-se ? relev?ncia que a mesma tem no estudo da Teoria da Contabilidade. Para compreens?o da evolu??o do pensamento cont?bil, ser?o abordados: a influ?ncia do Feudalismo e do Mercantilismo na concep??o econ?mica europ?ia; a import?ncia da Revolu??o Industrial no in?cio da normatiza??o cont?bil e o papel da Inglaterra na forma??o da Escola norte-americana de contabilidade. Com rela??o aos EUA, ser? avaliado o desenvolvimento do cen?rio econ?mico-financeiro da sociedade americana, enfocando a contribui??o na busca da constru??o de um referencial te?rico aplicado ? contabilidade. O desenvolvimento econ?mico-financeiro dos EUA proporcionou o surgimento de novos usu?rios com necessidades espec?ficas. A necessidade do usu?rio por informa??es ?teis para a tomada de decis?o, desencadeou o processo de pesquisa voltada para o estabelecimento de uma terminologia aplicada a contabilidade. Nesse processo, ser? abordado o papel exercido pelos organismos cont?beis repons?veis pela normatiza??o, bem como as associa??es de profissionais que investiram em pesquisas, visando elaborar um corpo de princ?pios cont?beis e adequar os procedimentos cont?beis ?s necessidades dos usu?rios. Para atingir o objetivo da pesquisa, ser? efetuada uma revis?o bibliogr?fica na literatura especializada, adotando-se o m?todo hist?rico, no per?odo que compreende o desenvolvimento da Escola norte-americana de contabilidade. Como resultado da pesquisa, conclui-se que o processo evolutivo da terminologia em estudo apresenta um problema l?gico estrutural, devido a impossiblidade da constru??o de um referencial te?rico, tendo como base a terminologia princ?pio. A impossibilidade ocorreu em fun??o da abrang?ncia atribu?da ao termo, que dificultou sua aplica??o na elabora??o dos procedimentos cont?beis

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Adli, Saloua. "La question des postulats de l'éducation". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAP002.

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Quels sont les postulats de l'éducation? Il y en a plusieurs, le plus important étant celui du changement, c'est-à-dire celui qui pose que l'individu éduqué est susceptible de changer. Penser les présupposés du changement en éducation tend à engager la réflexion sur le terrain de la métaphysique. Or, la métaphysique semble avoir mauvaise presse en éducation. Il faut donc s'intéresser à la question des postulats afin de comprendre sa nécessité et l'engager légitimement. Il s'agira de comparer différents postulats à l'oeuvre actuellement en éducation, à savoir: l'éducabilité, la perfectibilité et la malléabilité. Par là, nous aurons une idée de ce que peut l'homme
What is the most important principle of education? Can we think education without supposing that we are able to change? To answer to this question, it's not enough to admit that somebody can change. We must know what kind of changes he is supposed to make. But, this enquiry should say its name. It seems to be a metaphysical question. But, Metaphysics is not a permitted way of studying education. Because of several reasons, we must justify our research,in order to explain why we can but moreover we must precise our conception of change in education. Then we will be able to compare different kind of principles of education, for example: educability, plasticity or perfectibility. Actually, we want to know how much someone can change

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Le, Gall Roselyne. "Le matérialisme scientifique et/ou métaphysique de Jacques Monod". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE075/document.

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Après une présentation des découvertes scientifiques de Monod en matière de biologie moléculaire, en particulier les gènes régulateurs dans l’opéron et l’allostérie, puis l’exposé de l’interprétation philosophique de Monod sur ces apports scientifiques, par la mise en avant des principes du hasard et de la nécessité, nous tentons de tirer au clair ce qui, chez Monod, relève du matérialisme scientifique proprement dit, car relevant d’un principe méthodologique de stricte objectivité, et ce qui relève de choix métaphysique. Cette distinction est fondamentale car il faut montrer que le matérialisme scientifique n’est pas exclusif de toute métaphysique. Il peut contribuer, au contraire, à manifester la pertinence d’un certain niveau d’analyse qui, loin d’exclure d’autres niveaux d’analyse, les permet. Ceci répond à l’exigence d’opérer les distinctions nécessaires pour mettre chaque investigation rationnelle à sa place, sans confusion ou empiétement des niveaux de recherche
First, we give a presentation of Monod's scientific discoveries as regards molecular biology, particularly the regulator genes in operon and allostery. Then we will present Monod's philosophical interpretation concerning those scientific contributions by the setting in front of the principles of the chance and necessity. We try to draw with light what depends on strict scientific materialism because depending on a methodological principle of strict objectivity, and what depends of metaphysical choice. That distinction is fundamental because it has to be shown that the scientific materialism is not exclusive from any metaphysics. On the contrary, it can contribute to manifest the pertinence of a certain level of analysis which, far from excluding other levels of analysis, do allow them. In that way, we answer to the necessity of right distinctions in order to place each investigation at its right place without any confusion nor overlapping of the levels of research

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Galley, Thomas. "Modifying the measurement postulates of quantum theory". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10059145/.

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Quantum theory can be formulated using a small number of mathematical postulates. These postulates describe how quantum systems interact and evolve as well as describing measurements and probabilities of measurement outcomes. The measurement postulates are logically independent from the other postulates, which are dynamical and compositional in nature. In this thesis we study all theories which have the same dynamical and compositional postulates as quantum theory but different measurement postulates. In the first part we introduce the necessary tools for this task: the operational approach to physical theories (general probabilistic theories) and the representation theory of the unitary group. Following this we introduce a framework which is used to describe theories with modified measurement postulates and we classify all possible alternative measurement postulates using representation theory. We then study informational properties of single systems described by these theories and compare them to quantum systems. Finally we study properties of bi-partite systems in these theories. We show that all bi-partite systems in these theories violate two properties which are met by quantum systems: purification and local tomography.

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Spagnolo, Filippo. "Obstacles épistémologiques : le postulat de Eudoxe-Archimède". Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10580.

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L'objet de la recherche peut se presenter: 1- est-il possible de donner une definition d'obstacle epistemologique operatoire qui est soutenu par une interpretation semiotique des mathematiques ? 2- le postulat d'eudoxe-archimede est-il un obstacle epistemologique ? 3- est-il possible de donner des instruments operatoires pour franchir des obstacles epistemologiques ? pour chercher de repondre a ces questions on a suivi le parcours: 1- la premiere partie de la these (chapitres 1 et 2) presente la notion d'obstacle et sa place dans la recherche en didactique du point de vue theorique et experimentale. Il s'agit d'examiner les differents sens donnes a ce concept (dans diverses theorisations) et de le confronter aux resultats experimentaux obtenus par diverses methodes. 2- la seconde partie (chapitres 3, 4, 5) presente une nouvelle definition de la notion d'obstacle epistemologique en utilisant un nouveau cadre: celui d'une interpretation semiotique des langages mathematiques et mis au point d'un modele theorique-experimental pour l'individuation des obstacles epistemologiques. Cette nouvelle definition est utilisee pour proposer une classification des obstacles. 3- la troisieme partie (chapitres 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) montre que le postulat d'eudoxe-archimede est un obstacle epistemologique au sens introduit dans deuxieme partie. La demonstration fait appelle a des arguments historique et epistemologique chp. 7 puis a une etude experimentale (modele). L'etudie experimental consiste en l'elaboration d'un ensemble de situations et de comportements specifiques puis a leur confrontation a un echantillon de 107 eleves de deug en mathematique. Les resultats statistiques confirment que le postulat d'eudoxe-archimede est un obstacle epistemologique. 4- la these est accompagnee voir les annexes des trois articles deja parus dans des revues italiennes et qu'aident a argumenter la discussion sur les hypotheses. Les argumentations historiques et epistemologiques sont presentes dans le chapitre 7, mais la plus part sont presentes dans les annexes pa1, pa1f, pa2, pa2f, pa3, pa7. La motivation de ce choix est due au fait qu'on a voulu montrer le modele theorique-experimental pour la determination des obstacles epistemologiques et tout ca est independant du choix du contenu mathematique objet de recherche

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Zucchello, Paola <1982&gt. "I POSTULATI DI BILANCIO:ASPETTI ECONOMICO AZIENDALI E GIURIDICI". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8414.

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Il bilancio deve fornire un’informazione chiara, veritiera e corretta della situazione patrimoniale finanziaria ed economica della società. Questa finalità informativa è stata potenziata dal legislatore con l’entrata in vigore del D.Lgs 139/2015 prevedendone un’integrazione in termini di contenuto, tale per cui al bilancio, oltre a comprendere lo stato patrimoniale, il conto economico e la nota integrativa, si aggiunge il rendiconto finanziario e quest’ultimo può meglio soddisfare la rappresentazione veritiera e corretta della situazione finanziaria della società. In relazione al contenuto, il bilancio può risultare irregolare per violazione dei postulati di bilancio, che si traducono nel principio di chiarezza, verità e correttezza. La violazione di questi postulati può compromettere la stessa funzione informativa e comunicativa del bilancio. Il socio, anche se non subisce un pregiudizio patrimoniale, può impugnare la delibera di approvazione del bilancio d’esercizio perché non chiaro, non vero o non corretto. In tal circostanza se il bilancio è redatto in violazione dei postulati di bilancio la delibera di approvazione può essere dichiarata nulla, a meno che non sussistano ipotesi di sanatoria.

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Araújo, Patricia Dantas de. "Participação e educação popular em saúde: propósitos, métodos e organização". Instituto de Saúde Coletiva-ISC, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/17415.

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A construção de um sistema de saúde democrático constitui um processo social e político desafiador. Na arena de disputa de poderes político, técnico e administrativo a Educação Popular em Saúde (EPS) pode ser considerada uma ferramenta estratégica para fortalecer a mobilização e constituição de sujeitos. Diversos estudos têm proposto a inclusão da EPS nas políticas de educação e gestão da saúde, inclusive registrando iniciativas do SUS nessa perspectiva. Assim, a investigação desses processos poderia contribuir na análise da coerência entre os propósitos, métodos e organização no sentido de indicar distintas estratégias. O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar o projeto de Participação e Educação Popular em Saúde (MobilizaSUS), formulado e implementado no Estado da Bahia entre 2007 e 2014, identificando propósitos, métodos e formas organizativas adotados, a coerência entre os mesmos, assim como caracterizando possíveis influências da EPS sobre esses propósitos, métodos e organização. O Projeto MobilizaSUS integra o Plano Estadual de Saúde (PES 2012-2015), sendo voltado para fortalecer o controle social, com gestão democrática e participativa e ampliação dos canais de diálogo com a sociedade visando à consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde na Bahia. Assim, foi realizado um estudo de caso, utilizando entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise documental. Para o processamento e análise dos dados foi construída uma matriz orientadora com categorias analíticas e dimensões de análise, a partir dos componentes do “Postulado da Coerência”. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de janeiro a junho de 2014, com dirigentes e técnicos do projeto. Observou-se que o MobilizaSUS apresenta coerência entre seus propósitos, métodos e organização e que os princípios da EPS tem pautado a forma como o grupo organiza seus processos de gestão, de organização e de educação, mesmo enfrentando os limites de uma instituição burocratizada. Apesar das dificuldades identificadas na implementação, considera-se que o MobilizaSUS representa uma experiência que aponta para a constituição de sujeitos com capacidade de influir na agenda política.

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Castro, Leonardo Andreta de. "Proteção de sistemas quânticos e o postulado da medida". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-20012017-090107/.

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O processamento de informação quântica requer medidas, muitas vezes precedidas devoluções unitárias. Uma descrição realista de um computador quântico também deve levar em conta que o sistema interage com um ambiente externo - distinto do observador - que o remove de sua evolução ideal, gerando erros. Neste trabalho, fazemos um estudo da dinâmica de sistemas quânticos observados múltiplas vezes ou continuamente, enquanto interagem com ambientes externos. Para tanto, empregamos uma equação mestra híbrida, que permite modelar uma interação contínua e markoviana do sistema com o medidor, enquanto o ruído do ambiente apresenta características não markovianas. O estudo da dinâmica de uma medida contínua ruidosa revela que o sistema melhor preserva suas populações iniciais quando é realizada a medida de uma observável que não comuta com os operadores do ruído produzido pelo ambiente. Estes resultados, já conhecidos para o caso simples de um qubit de memória interagindo com o vácuo, são generalizados para uma temperatura inicial superior a zero e para um qubit submetido a uma porta quântica. A universalidade destes fenômenos de preservação da população inicial permite fazer analogia com o efeito Zenão quântico. Mantendo o mesmo formalismo, mas adaptando a interação com o ambiente para descrever um decaimento verificamos que o efeito Zenão quântico é observado para acoplamentos fracos com o ambiente. Tratamos também de como tal conhecimento sobre a preservação das populações pela medida auxilia na elaboração de melhores formas de preservar a informação em códigos quânticos. Com o auxílio da teoria das medidas fracas, propomos um possível método experimental simples para o teste da validade dos modelos de descrição de medidas contínuas. Com este estudo da dinâmica de uma medida quântica, esperamos elucidar questões de ordem prática no processamento de informação quântica, assim como ajudar no melhor entendimento de questões fundamentais, como o postulado da medida.
The processing of quantum information requires measurements, often preceded by unitary evolutions. A faithful description of a quantum computer should also take into account that the system interacts with an external environment - other than the observer - that removes it from its ideal evolution, causing errors. Here, we study the dynamics of quantum systems observed multiple times or continuously, while they interact with external environments. To do this, we employ a hybrid master equation, which allows us to model a continuous, Markovian interaction between the system and the measurement apparatus, while the environmental noise presents non-Markovian features. This study of the dynamics of the noisy continuous measurement reveals that the system better preserves its initial populations when the observable measured does not commute with the environmental noise operators. These results, already known for the simpler case of a memory qubit interacting with vacuum, are generalized for an initial temperature above zero and a qubit undergoing a quantum gate. The universality of these phenomena of preservation of the initial populations allows an analogy with the Quantum Zeno Effect. Keeping the same formalism, but adapting the environmental interaction to describe a decay, we verify that the quantum Zeno effect is observed for weak coupling with the environment. We also deal with how the knowledge about the preservation of the populations by the measurement helps in creating better ways to preserve the information in quantum codes. With the help of the weak measurement theory, we propose a simple experimental method to test the validity of models that describe a continuous measurement. With this study of the dynamics of a quantum measurement, we hope to help solve practical issues in quantum information processing, as well as provide greater insight into fundamental questions, such as the measurement postulate.

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Clarridge, Pamela Brown. "Alternative perspectives for analyzing expert, novice, and postulant teaching". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184423.

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The investigation of expertise in teaching has followed the lead of research in domains other than education in that it has focused on the cognitive processes that define expertise. This study has shifted the focus to the actual classroom teaching, comparing expert, novice, and postulant (those without pedagogical training) teachers. Each of six teachers (two experts, two novices, and two postulants) taught the same unfamiliar lesson to the same group of students, in the same classroom. These half hour lessons were videotaped. Two aspects make this study unique. First, the teaching situation was controlled to the extent that each teacher taught the same lesson to the same students. This was done to try to separate expertise from the experience gained from teaching a familiar lesson to students known to the teacher. The second aspect pertains to the method of analysis. Instead of viewing these tapes from just one perspective, four perspectives were used. Observers knowledgeable in the areas of subject matter knowledge and delivery, connoisseurship and criticism, nonverbal communication, and teacher evaluation instrumentation viewed each of the six tapes and analyzed what they saw from their individual perspectives. These analyses were then content analyzed by the author. Results and discussion were first analyzed for each perspective separately, comparing the three groups of teachers for similarities and differences. This was followed by a discussion of similarities and differences among the four perspectives, particularly focusing on the interplay of the four perspectives within the three groups of teachers. A key point made was the diversity of information provided by each perspective and the unique insights provided from the use of all four.

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Bensah, Yaw D. "Interfacial Solid-Liquid Diffuseness and Instability by the Maximum Entropy Production Rate (MEPR) Postulate". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439310971.

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Longino, Brando. "Entanglement: dai postulati della meccanica quantistica al teorema di Bell". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14595/.

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In questo lavoro di tesi vengono presentati inizialmente i postulati della meccanica quantistica, passando poi alla descrizione di stati tramite vettori in uno spazio di Hilbert e, successivamente, alla descrizione tramite l’operatore densità associato al sistema. Introducendo quindi i concetti di qubit e di decomposizione di Schmidt, si mostra il fenomeno chiamato Entanglement, illustrando alcuni esempi. Nel quinto capitolo viene trattata l’Entropia di Von Neumann come stumento per quantificare l’Entanglement di un sistema, mentre nel sesto si discute il problema del paradosso EPR, accompagnato dal teorema di Bell. Viene presentato infine uno degli eseprimenti di Aspect, prova sperimentale della non validità della teoria a varibili nascoste locali di cui Einstein, Podolski e Rosen furono sostenitori.

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Baroni, Matilde. "I postulati della meccanica quantistica alla luce della teoria dell'informazione". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21222/.

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In questa tesi presento tre formulazioni dei postulati della meccanica quantistica. La prima, che possiamo definire classica, si rifà alla prima formalizzazione della meccanica quantistica di Von Neumann, basata sull'utilizzo di spazi di Hilbert. La seconda formulazione che affronto è quella delle matrici densità, che in realtà è una semplice generalizzazione della precedente che nasce dalla esigenza sperimentale di poter descrivere stati parzialmente sconosciuti. Entrambe queste enunciazioni identificano univocamente la meccanica quantistica, ma non ci sono principi fisici forti che le giustificano. La sfida ora è cercare di capire il collegamento fisico tra questo particolarmente complesso formalismo matematico e la realtà quantistica. È in questa direzione che si muove l'ultima proposta, che rifacendosi alla teoria dell'informazione rivede e ripresenta dei postulati della meccanica quantistica supportati da una forte intuizione fisica.

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許士敏 i Shi-man Hui. "Investigation of synthetic routes to postulated biosynthetic intermediates of artemisinin". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31215324.

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Winer, Michael Loyd. "Students' Reasoning with Geometric Proofs that use Triangle Congruence Postulates". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500037701968622.

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Hui, Shi-man. "Investigation of synthetic routes to postulated biosynthetic intermediates of artemisinin /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19473084.

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Sawyer, Patrice. "Géométrie hyperbolique pour les non-initié". Acfas-Sudbury, 2004. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/62.

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Price, Matthew Llewellyn. "Calibrating Reality with a Mind's Mirror Postulate| Towards a Comprehensive Schema for Measuring Personal Presence". Thesis, Fielding Graduate University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10279289.

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While we believe our perceptions drive our reality, it is our sense of presence that ultimately determines how real an experience truly is. Whether we are fully immersed in a virtual world or captivated by conversation, presence governs our neurological processing, our psychological belief, and our physiological confirmation of all our experiences. Over the last several decades researchers have developed various study paradigms to qualify specific aspects of presence. However, little progress has been made in promoting a comprehensive framework that captures both self-reported responses as well as a full complement of correlative neurological and physiological sensor-based measurements. In this study, I employ a custom three-phase, proof-of-concept schema bridging multiple methodologies. First, exposure to an immersive media experience while collecting ECG and GSR sensor data. Second, administration of the Temple Presence Inventory with FACS and eye-tracking. Third, neurophysiological sensor measurements with EEG, eye-tracking, and FACS, along with ECG and GSR retests, during a randomized viewing of recordings from Phase I self-experience, others-experience, and a neutral-experience, to control for position bias and habituation. This phased correlation-meta-analysis, using sensor-fusion, will also introduce self-actuated mirror neuron response. In all, this study will prove that a holistic, multi-sensor measurement schema is best able to estimate the activation and relative intensity of personal presence and provide an objective assessment of mediated reality experiences. Keywords: presence, perception, augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, AR, VR, MR, narrative transportation theory, flow theory, illusions, proprioception, somatosensory response, vestibular system, haptics, visual system, auditory system, immersion, measurement, mirror neurons, EEG, ECG, GSR, eye-tracking, FACS, reality metaphor

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Leopoldo, Ana Caroline Kruger de Lima. "Normatividade da boa-fé objetiva no direito tributário : princípio e postulado". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164156.

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Este trabalho teve como finalidade analisar a operabilidade da boa-fé objetiva no Direito Tributário, área na qual o instituto desempenha importantes funções como princípio e postulado. A primeira parte do estudo se propôs a trazer a noção geral da boa-fé objetiva no âmbito do Direito Tributário. Iniciou-se o trabalho com a apresentação histórica da boa-fé, seguindo-se a apresentação do seu núcleo semântico conforme a aplicação jurisprudencial da norma, enfatizando-se por fim sua relação com a Ética. Então, em um segundo momento, foram entabulados critérios objetivos de distinção entre a boa-fé em sua forma objetiva e a subjetiva. Seguiu-se a apresentação da consagração da norma no Direito Tributário, o que ocorreu na forma de princípio. E, finalmente, prestou-se o trabalho à distinção entre os princípios da boa-fé objetiva e da proteção da confiança. Então, delineado o contorno do instituto em exame, a segunda parte do estudo se dedicou a analisar especificamente a sua normatividade, isso é, a sua aplicabilidade como norma jurídica. O tema foi introduzido estabelecendo-se a premissa referente ao que se entende como norma jurídica e suas espécies, quais sejam: as regras, os princípios e os postulados. A seguir, foram abordadas as funções da boa-fé objetiva como princípio no Direito Tributário (limitadora do exercício de direitos subjetivos e posições jurídicas, criadora de deveres jurídicos e interpretativa) bem como foi realizada análise sobre a razão de se entender o instituto como princípio. E, arrematando o estudo, passou-se ao desenvolvimento da tese de que a boa-fé objetiva possui, além das funções tradicionais compreendidas como funções principiológicas, funções tipicamente pertinentes aos postulados normativos aplicativos: função de padronização e a função de exceção.
This paper has the purpose of examining the operativity of objective good faith in Tax Law, in which the institute plays a relevant role as a principle and as a postulate. The first part of the study introduces da notion of objective good faith considering Tax Law as its field of application. Initially, are present the historic aspects, followed by the meaning of its semantic core according to the jurisprudential use of the norm, also covering its relation with Ethics. In a second moment, the work points out the differences and similarities of subjective and objective good faith. Next, are highlighted the evidences of consecration of the norm in the Tax Law, what happened as its performance as a general principle. Finally, the study distinguishes the principle of objective good faith and the principle of trust. Then, traced the contour of the institute under examination, the second part of the study is focus on the analysis of its normativity, or, in other words, how it can and should be applied as a juridic norm. In order so, it is fix an important premise about the adopted conception of the juridical norm species, which are: the rules, the principles and the postulates. Therefore, the role of good faith as a principle is approached (as limit in the exercise of the subjective rights and juridic positions, origin of juridic duties and interpretative), just as is analyzed the reason of the comprehension of the institute as a principle. Then, to finalize the study, is develop the thesis that the objective good faith also has, besides the traditional role as a principle, other papers in the juridic universe, papers that are coherent to the role that applicative postulates have: padronization function and exception function.

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Tavares, Fabiana Luiza Silva. "Direito de postular sem advogado e processo judicial eletrônico: maior eficácia no acesso à justiça?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do UniCEUB, 2017. https://repositorio.uniceub.br/jspui/handle/prefix/12780.

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Na Constituição Federal, a figura do advogado é definida como indispensável (artigo 133). Ao mesmo tempo, leis especiais permitem o exercício do direito de postular sem advogado visando maior acesso à justiça. Com esse mesmo fim, a Lei nº 11.419 de 2006 instituiu o processo judicial eletrônico. Desse modo, esta dissertação investiga se há eficácia, ou não, na combinação dos dois mecanismos para maior acesso à justiça. Com base na análise das respectivas leis e análise qualitativa do processo eletrônico, conclui-se sobre a baixa eficácia dos mecanismos. Paradoxalmente, o acesso à justiça depende cada vez mais da presença do advogado.

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Tryselius, Kristina. "Rum i tillblivelse". Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1066.

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How is space conceptualized? The question is central to subject theory in human geography. In the present dissertation, this issue is actualized in discussions of the virtual, space, and an ontology of becoming. The point of departure is that in human geography, as well as in the general discourses in society, a science fiction-like conception of the virtual has been dominant. The virtual is understood as another reality and as an absolute space. Predominant perceptions of the space and the virtual are problematized in Space in Becoming, and based on analyses of complex sets of ideas grounded in actor-network theory and Deleuzian geophilosophy, an alternative approach is formulated. The aim is to provide an enhanced conceptual understanding of space and the virtual. In order to fulfill the aim, three tasks are performed. Firstly, the prevalent conception of the virtual is presented. Secondly, a conception of space grounded in an ontology of becoming is constructed and defined, expressed in three postulates. Thirdly, the importance of the ontology of becoming and the postulates for the conception and conceptualization of space are discussed in relation to subject theory in human geography. Since the present work centers on treatment of concepts and ideas, a postulate method was selected. The postulate method also makes argumentation and discussion on theoretical and analytical levels possible. The outcome of the project is formulated in three postulates – actants do space, assemblages fold space, and the virtual is a real dimension of space. Accordingly, the main contribution to the conceptual understanding of space and the virtual is the construction and specification of the three postulates. The notion of the virtual as an ontological dimension emerges, with direct implications for the conception and conceptualization of space. The ontology of becoming offers an alternative point of departure, a different perspective on the virtual, and thereby also on virtual geography. This is further elucidated by returning to the point of departure for the dissertation project. The postulates contribute to subject theory in human geography by providing an alternative point of departure for future theoretical research and the formulation of new theories. Accordingly, the particular conception of space expressed in the three postulates brings a challenge in terms of both method and vocabulary.

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Gussn, Nasser M. N. 1968. "On the bondgraphic power postulate and its role in interpreting the 1905 and 1915 relativity theories". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558235.

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Caruso, Monica. "Geometrie non euclidee: dalla negazione del V postulato all'interpretazione geometrica del cosmo". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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La tesi è incentrata sulle geometrie non euclidee. Al di là della descrizione dei vari modelli, essa si propone di evidenziare e accertare il fatto che tutte le geometrie, euclidee e non, abbiano pari dignità, fatto oggi pienamente condiviso, ma che era messo in dubbio al momento della loro genesi. Il primo è un capitolo introduttivo riguardo alla storia della geometria, che mira a evidenziare il cambio di prospettiva da una geometria intesa come "misura della terra" a una disciplina svincolata da ogni applicazione pratica. Si arriva poi all'opera di Euclide. A una descrizione sommaria degli Elementi, segue un'analisi del V postulato euclideo che, a differenza dei primi quattro postulati, i quali risultavano intuitivamente evidenti, non era così immediato. Molti studiosi per secoli cercarono invano di dedurlo dagli altri quattro assiomi ma, i tentativi sempre falliti, portarono, fra la fine del XVIII e l'inizio del XIX secolo, all'idea di considerare dei modelli che contemplassero solo i primi quattro postulati e una delle due possibili negazioni del V assioma: nacquero così le geometrie non euclidee. Nel terzo capitolo si scopre che tutte e tre le geometrie sono manifestazioni diverse di un unico concetto generale che le trascende tutte: la curvatura. Lo studio delle geometrie non euclidee e la generalizzazione del concetto di curvatura alle dimensioni superiori, hanno consentito di intraprendere, nel quarto capitolo, un'interpretazione geometrica dell'universo, volta a capire quale geometria risulta più adatta per descriverlo, permettendoci di mostrare la naturale interdisciplinarità delle geometrie non euclidee. Il quinto capitolo, infine, considera gli aspetti didattici attraverso un'analisi delle Indicazioni nazionali e dei libri di testo in merito all'argomento, e ai progetti volti a promuovere un approccio maturo e consapevole al moderno sistema assiomatico e alla geometria di Euclide.

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Caceres, Claudia. "L'OEA: espace public pour l'interconnectivité des citoyens interaméricains. Postulats d'une réforme institutionnelle". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24644/24644.pdf.

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Cáceres, Claudia. "L'OEA : espace public pour l'interconnectivité des citoyens interaméricains : postulats d'une réforme institutionnelle". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19261.

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Couto, Alessandro Ribeiro. "As contribuições de intervenção no domínio econômico e o postulado da proporcionalidade". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9114.

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199 f.
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O objetivo desta dissertação é propor o postulado da proporcionalidade como instrumento de controle da validade das normas institutivas das contribuições de intervenção no domínio econômico. Examina-se, inicialmente, a importância da interpretação construtiva na hermenêutica contemporânea, com ênfase nos princípios. Em seguida, estudam-se os princípios pertinentes à ordem econômica constitucional. Depois se analisam os requisitos e modalidades da intervenção estatal no domínio econômico. Por fim, delimita-se a noção do postulado da proporcionalidade, sua natureza e aplicação no direito tributário. A conclusão indica a possibilidade e necessidade de reconhecimento da utilização do referido postulado para a aferição de validade das contribuições em comento.
Salvador

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Cerna, Carrasco Carolina Esther. "Crítica a la configuración del delito de parricidio y fundamentos para postular la supresión del ilícito". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111820.

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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)
La presente memoria desarrolla el delito de parricidio, sancionado en el artículo 390 del Código Penal, en contraposición a la figura base de los delitos contra la vida, el homicidio simple. Para ello se analiza la adecuación típica del parricidio y se examinan las recientes modificaciones legales que han afectado la norma, así como los problemas de interpretación que generan. En el marco de las reformas que inciden en el artículo 390, se desarrollan especialmente, la problemática de la convivencia que contempla el parricidio, por ser un concepto no definido por la legislación, así como su eventual alcance en lo que respecta a las parejas homosexuales; y luego, revisamos la reciente inclusión del “femicidio” en el Código Penal, que representa una extensión del tipo penal a otros sujetos pasivos, cuales son los ex cónyuges y ex convivientes del agente. Por otro lado, se estudia el delito de parricidio y su justificación teniendo a la vista los principios básicos del Derecho Penal moderno: principio de última ratio legis y rol subsidiario de esta rama dentro del Ordenamiento Jurídico. Asimismo, se determina si el parricidio cumple con cada uno de los principios informadores del Derecho Penal. Finalmente, se exponen distintas legislaciones para establecer las alternativas de tratamiento del parricidio, ya sea, a través de la tipificación de un delito autónomo como en nuestro país; con la calificación del homicidio por concurrir la circunstancia de parentesco; o prescindiendo del delito de parricidio, como es el caso de España, legislación que nos sirve de modelo para proponer la supresión del ilícito entre nosotros. El contenido de este trabajo surge a partir del estudio de las normas contenidas en nuestro Código Penal relativas a los delitos contra la vida independiente, así como las leyes que han modificado el artículo 390, y algunos Códigos Penales extranjeros. Los postulados que se enuncian están, a su vez, documentados con doctrina nacional y comparada.

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Baur, Natalija. "Russische Frauensprache : feministisches Postulat oder Wirklichkeit? : empirische Untersuchung anhand russischer Talkshows". Hamburg Kovac̆, 2005. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-1762-6.htm.

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Stamm-Griffin, Christine. "Analyzing expert, postulant, and novice instruction in culinary and pastry arts laboratory classrooms". Thesis, Boston University, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/33565.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Research on teaching expertise in theoretically-oriented classrooms suggests the instructional characteristics exhibited by experts, postulants, and novices. This study explores whether instruction in postsecondary, experientially-based classrooms would result in teachers exhibiting similar characteristics of instruction across the levels of teaching expertise. Several aspects of the methodology were adapted from the Clarridge study (1988). Six teachers of various levels of expertise (two experts, two postulants, and two novices) volunteered and were given one half hour to plan a lecture on a previously undisclosed topic. They were then allowed one half hour to present the lecture to culinary and pastry arts student volunteers while being videotaped by the researcher. Nine expert observers from three different perspectives (pedagogy, subject matter, and nonverbal communication) then analyzed the videotaped lectures. The findings of the study were derived from ratings by the nine expert analyses of the teaching subjects, descriptive statistics, and analysis of variance calculated using the Friedman Q-statistic test to determine inter-rater reliability. The alpha level was set at .05 for all statistical tests. The study found that expert teachers outperformed postulants and novices in their organization and comprehension of content knowledge, display of pedagogical content knowledge, and comfort level in their roles as teachers. Most significantly, the study found that postulants in experientially-oriented classrooms may exhibit and more effectively teach subject matter than novices although both groups were weak in their pedagogy and pedagogical content knowledge. Postulants also appeared more confident in their roles as teachers in experientially oriented classrooms than did the novices. The Friedman Q-statistic test concluded that the expert observers' ratings of the subjects were not significantly different from each other across the perspectives and were not significantly different from each other in their ratings of cross category items. The items rated across all six subjects were not good predictors of inter-rater reliability. The findings of this study combined with further postulant research could reveal a way to improve postulant teaching in culinary and pastry arts laboratory classrooms. In the long run it could make alternative teacher certification programs more pedagogically comparable to traditional teacher training programs, thus addressing postulant deficiencies. In addition, the study could have implications for designing other differentiated preservice and inservice training programs targeted toward various levels of teaching and subject matter expertise.
2031-01-01

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Silva, Tiago. "Noções de geometria hiperbólica". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/24077.

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SILVA, T. Noções de geometria hiperbólica. 2017. 57 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional) - Departamento de Matemática, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017.
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Rejected by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br), reason: Boa tarde, Revisei a Dissertação de TIAGO SILVA e encontrei alguns erros de formatação que devem ser corrigidos pelo autor. Tais erros estão listados a seguir: 1- CAPA (o quarto elemento da capa deve ser alterado para: PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM MATEMÁTICA EM REDE NACIONAL) 2- FOLHA EM BRANCO (retire a folha em branco que aparece na página 4) 3- FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO (insira a folha de aprovação após a FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ) OBS.: a folha de aprovação não deve conter as assinaturas dos membros da banca examinadora. 4- EPÍGRAFE (retire a formatação “itálico” da frase que compõe a epígrafe. 5- PALAVRAS-CHAVE (a recomendação da ABNT é que apenas as primeiras letras dos termos que compõem as palavras-chave estejam em letra maiúscula, salvo se forem nomes próprios. Assim, o termo “Geometria Hiperbólica”, e os subsequentes, devem apresentar a seguinte forma: “Geometria hiperbólica”) OBS.: essa regra também serve para os títulos de capítulos, seções e subseções. Assim, revise os títulos dos capítulos e das seções ao longo do trabalho. 6- LISTA DE FIGURAS ( A formatação deste elemento do trabalho deve seguir o padrão constante no GUIA DE NORMALIZAÇÃO DE TRABALHOS ACADÊMICOS DA UFC, o mesmo encontra-se disponível no endereço eletrônico: http://www.biblioteca.ufc.br/images/arquivos/documentos_tecnicos/guia_normalizacao_trabalhos_ufc_2013.pdf 7- SUMÁRIO (consulte o GUIA DE NORMALIZAÇÃO e verifique a formatação adequada para este elemento do trabalho) 8- REFERÊNCIAS (este item do trabalho não deve ser numerado, e deve conter apenas o termo “REFERÊNCIAS”, com a formatação negrito e centralizado) Atenciosamente, on 2017-07-19T16:51:58Z (GMT)
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The emergence of hyperbolic geometry is one of the most interesting chapters in the history of mathematics. For a long time the fifth postulate of Euclid drew the attention of mathematicians, they saw the possibility of demonstrating it as a theorem, using as hypothesis the first four. The various attempts to prove the fifth postulate occupied the geometers for over 2000 years, but all failed. However these attempts were fundamental to see a new geometry as consistent as Euclid's. This work deals with the main topics of hyperbolic geometry, the historical context, the main mathematicians who contributed to its birth, some results and tests involving parallel lines, generalized triangles and their congruence criteria, seeking a simple and accessible development. In addition, it clearly presents hyperbolic trigonometry, its main theorems and trigonometric identities. Finally, it is hoped that this work will contribute to a new geometry spread in universities and elementary schools.
O surgimento da Geometria hiperbólica é um dos capítulos mais interessantes da história da matemática. Durante muito tempo o quinto postulado de Euclides chamou a atenção dos matemáticos, eles viram a possibilidade de demonstrar-lo como um teorema, usando como hipótese os quatro primeiros. As varias tentativas de se provar o quinto postulado ocuparam os geômetras por mais de 2000 anos, porém todos fracassaram. Contudo essas tentativas foram fundamentas para se enxergar uma nova geometria tão consistente quanto a de Euclides. Este trabalho aborda os principais tópicos da Geometria hiperbólica, o contexto histórico, os principais matemáticos que contribuíram para o seu nascimento, alguns resultados e provas envolvendo retas paralelas, triângulos generalizados e seus critérios de congruência, buscando um desenvolvimento de forma simples e acessível. Além disso, apresenta de forma clara a trigonometria hiperbólica, seus principais teoremas e identidades trigonométricas. Por fim espera-se que este trabalho contribua para que uma nova geometria se propague nas universidades e nas escolas de ensino básico.

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Behzadi, Asita [Verfasser]. "Sterben dürfen im Krankenhaus : Paradoxien eines ärztlichen Postulats in der Behandlung Schwerstkranker / Asita Behzadi". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223453197/34.

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Weigand, Kevin, Neeraj Singh, Manfred Hagedorn i Klaus Banert. "Direct observation and characterisation of 3-azido-2H-azirines: postulated, but highly elusive intermediates". Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-222768.

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For the first time, successful synthesis of an unknown class of compounds, 3-azido-2H-azirines, which are implicated as highly reactive intermediates in the thermolysis of the corresponding 1,1-diazidoethenes, has been performed. These elusive heterocycles have been detected and characterised by low-temperature NMR and in situ IR spectroscopy. Even the parent compound, 3-azido-2H-azirine, has been observed via low-temperature photolysis of 1,1-diazidoethene, as a highly reactive species with a half-life period of only 12 min at −40 °C
Dieser Beitrag ist aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich

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Goldbaum, Sergio. "O postulado da racionalidade e a nova economia institucional: a nova teoria da firma". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5392.

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A Nova Economia Institucional e a Nova Teoria da Firma são relacionadas à Controvérsia Metodológica dos anos 40 e 50 e aos argumentos de seleção de lchian, Friedman e Becker. Embora os proponentes da Nova Teoria da Firma Williamson, Alchian & Demsetz, Fama, Jensen & Meck1ing) alegassem uma opção explícita pela utilização da racionalidade do agente individual - o homo oeconomicus eles 'deslizam' para uma racionalidade de sistema; reintroduzindo uma lógica stuacional poperiana. Além disso, expõem-se duas criticas à teoria dos custos de transação de WiIliamson: a de que ele constrói explicações 'funcionalistas', onde a emergência de uma instituição explicada pelas suas 'consequências benéficas' e'panglossianas', onde a eficiência de instituições é inferida de sua mera existência.

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Tochon, François Victor. "Group problem solving in a complex verbal production with expert, postulant teacher, and peer regulation". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4166.

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Dans le but d'elucider la dynamique de l'apprentissage de groupe, nous analysons la resolution de probleme en termes de strategies et d'accomplissement en situation. Les strategies sont observees au cours de la resolution d'un probleme creatif complexe et peu defini, et des notes de nature biographique sont prises sur le contexte d'implantation et d'experience de ces strategies. Nous proposons une definition originale des strategies de resolution de probleme. Les strategies sont definies comme un ensemble de choix reflexifs et regulateurs etablis en connexion avec le contexte de la tache et en coherence avec des buts sociaux. Ces choix sont operes dans chaque groupe d'apprentissage en accord avec un regulateur different: pair, stagiaire, ou expert. Ces regulateurs se preparent, interviennent en un discours pedagogique dont des extraits sont analyses, et reflechissent a voix haute apres l'action sur ses implications. L'objectif general de la recherche est de determiner par des moyens quantitatifs et qualitatifs quelles strategies d'apprentissage, lors de la resolution d'un probleme en groupe, sont reliees a la reussite de la tache et aux progres des eleves: (a) Determiner la relation entre l'organisation observee dans des groupes regules par une enseignante experte, une novice ou un pair, et la reussite d'une tache verbale complexe sur le plan des savoirs, des procedures, et de l'experience; (b) Decrire le traitement de l'information dans la resolution du probleme pose dans chaque groupe en indiquant le role des informations issues de l'environnement de la tache, des modeles de situation interiorises par les eleves, des dispositions et des buts sociaux-affectifs; (c) Interpreter les resultats en termes d'optimalisation de l'apprentissage en groupe. Le probleme analyse consiste a enregistrer, en groupe, un message original et creatif sur un repondeur telephonique (message sortant). Pendant l'experimentation, la regulation dans la resolution de probleme porte sur plusieurs episodes strategiques: ecouter ou lire les consignes, reflechir, planifier, explorer, appliquer et verifier. L'ensemble du processus d'apprentissage est influence par des situations particulieres: experience anterieure, implicite ou explicite, modeles de situation (maniere dont les enfants se representent ce qu'ils font), biographies individuelles et de groupe. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Arenas, Benavides Sergio Luis. "Responsabilidad del postulante de la Corporación de Asistencia Judicial ante los patrocinados y ante la institución". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112711.

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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)
Esta monografía pretende responder a la duda de si el postulante, egresado de Derecho que realiza su práctica en las Corporaciones de Asistencia Judicial (CAJ) tiene alguna responsabilidad civil por su actividad, especialmente por perjuicios provocados a los patrocinados, y en caso de ser afirmativa esta respuesta averiguar de qué tipo es y bajo qué condiciones se presenta. Para realizar su estudio, el autor se introduce en el tema de la Asistencia Jurídica como derecho y los modos en que se garantiza, deteniéndose en las CAJ como institución y en los postulantes, tomando en cuenta especialmente a las relaciones jurídicas que nacen con la respectiva Corporación y con los otros sujetos, especialmente los patrocinados. Se detiene el estudio en descubrir qué características tiene esta relación y cuáles son los instrumentos actuales para que los derechos de uno y otro puedan ser efectivamente resguardados, poniendo énfasis en la responsabilidad civil que pudiese surgir de esta relación. Luego de esto, se identificaron problemas relativos a la situación jurídica del postulante y se analizaron las soluciones que se han ideado. Finalmente, se ha querido hacer una propuesta propia de solución a esto. El diagnóstico que se ha hecho en este trabajo es que hay poca preocupación acerca de la situación jurídica de los postulantes y en especial de su responsabilidad civil por los daños que pudieran provocar por su labor, especialmente a los patrocinados que defienden. Las soluciones que se han propuesto para la asistencia judicial suelen desdeñar el papel de los egresados, sin considerar que la práctica es también el lugar para el correcto entrenamiento de la técnica jurídica por parte de los futuros abogados. La propuesta correcta, a juicio del autor, es incorporar la responsabilidad civil como elemento que permita salvaguardar los derechos de los patrocinados y a la vez incentivar el correcto desempeño de los egresados de Derecho en su práctica. Palabras clave: postulantes, responsabilidad civil, práctica forense, asistencia jurídica, formación profesional, relaciones jurídicas.

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Evtusjenko, Alexander. "Socialdemokratins idéutveckling : Har det skett en förskjutning mot liberalism i partiets ideologi?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71100.

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The purpose pf this thesis is to explore the occurence of an ideological changen of Swedish social democratic party towards liberalism. the Swedish social democratic party ha during recent decades been experiencing political setebacks and it may be a reason that caused an ideological shift in favour for liberal values. To answer this question this paper conducts ideal type analysis pf the party programmes from 1990s an onwards. The analysis is based on an ideal types framework that includes najor tenets from liberalism and reformistic socialism and typical traits of both ideologies.

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Cisterna, Cid Jorge Orlando. "Modelo de negocio para portal web que asistirá a estudiantes secundarios provenientes de múltiples países a postular a Universidades de EEUU". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/139864.

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Magíster en Gestión para la Globalización
El objetivo del trabajo es efectuar un modelo de negocios para un portal web que asistirá a estudiantes secundarios provenientes de cualquier lugar del mundo a postular a universidades de EEUU, permitiendo que desde 9° grado quienes estén interesados en postular a estas universidades, puedan comenzar con la recopilación de antecedentes, para de esta forma aliviar el trabajo necesario para el proceso, el que se concentra en 12° grado. Actualmente, solo en EEUU, la cantidad de estudiantes secundarios que cursan entre 9° y 12° grado alcanzan una cantidad que supera los 15 millones, y el tamaño de mercado asociado a la actividad de postulación/ admisión a las universidades de EEUU está en el rango de US$ 500 millones a US$ 1.000 millones, convirtiéndose en una interesante oportunidad de negocio en un mercado que no está del todo bien atendido y donde existe una creciente demanda en las postulaciones. Para el desarrollo de esta plataforma, se considera la aplicación de principios LEAN, de manera de crear un modelo mínimo viable que pueda ser lanzado como versión beta de la plataforma. Para conocer cuáles son los elementos mínimos que debe incluir la versión beta, se implementó encuesta que permitió identificar cuáles son las funcionalidades y características mejor valoradas por los usuarios, con tal de implementarlas en una primera iteración. La encuesta online aplicada es del tipo descriptiva, y busca reflejar o documentar las actitudes y/o condiciones presentes respecto a las plataformas que se consideran competencia. La encuesta aplicada también ayudó a determinar cuál es la predisposición de pago por el servicio a entregar, que grado cursan los estudiantes que muestran mayor interés por ser usuarios de la plataforma a desarrollar, la nacionalidad de origen y el nivel de conocimiento de los usuarios por la competencia. La propuesta de valor de este modelo de negocios se basa en la creación de perfiles históricos de estudiantes que desean postular a universidades de Estados Unidos, destacando las pasiones y habilidades de los individuos de manera de hacer el match perfecto entre el estudiante y la universidad y/o plan de estudio que mejor se ajuste a las características individuales de cada estudiante. A pesar de que no existe en el mercado ninguna plataforma similar, se identificaron los factores de riesgo más relevantes, con los que se determina un plan de contingencia con el cual se podrá mitigar las amenazas.

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Llucià, i. Sabarich Isidre. "Postulats per a un nou model de política local a Catalunya. Esperit del dret públic català aplicat". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403810.

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La recerca parteix d’un estudi del dret públic català, inspirat en l’anterior al Decret de Nova Planta, el qual ens dóna cinc eixos fonamentals: la participació dels ciutadans; un model territorial sostenible i racional; un potent teixit associatiu; un model de govern i sistema electoral local, adaptat a les exigències del present; i una acció política local concordant amb el model que es postula. En el desenvolupament, s’hi afegeix el resultat d’incorporar determinats mecanismes de models comparats, i es planteja un patró en el que la participació dels ciutadans en la cosa pública, mitjançant un complex teixit associatiu, és essencial. Aquest plantejament es fonamenta en la implementació d’un model territorial, original, novador i racional, donant lloc, ensems, a un nou sistema de govern i de patró electoral local pensat per a les exigències d’una societat del segle XXI a la que hi sumem una concepció i una manera de fer política en el món local, coherent amb el paradigma que es proposa. El desenvolupament de la tesi es fa a través d’un anàlisi de la conjuntura actual de la cosa pública mitjançant un examen de la política general i la política local, i on es posa en evidència un sistema polític que anuncia un final de cicle. Es contextualitza el marc políticoadministratiu general vigent a l’Estat, perquè només així es pot entendre el que succeeix en el món local: praxi, comportament, situacions i supòsits que, dia a dia, impregnen, contaminen, afecten i incideixen en l’activitat política i administrativa a l’Estat espanyol. Es fa una denúncia explícita del garbuix legislatiu existent: un immens embull i galimaties normatiu: tot una porta oberta a la inseguretat jurídica. També s’analitza l’acció política i s’estudia la participació ciutadana en l’administració pública local. Es reserva un apartat específic per a l’actor ciutadà, per a l’individu, i es posa de manifest l’anacronisme d’algun dels rols polítics. Finalment, s’elabora un exhaustiu treball en el que s’evidencia l’irracional mapa territorial local, on es dissecciona el nombre de municipis, la seva dimensió poblacional i la seva sostenibilitat. A través de l’evolució política i administrativa des de Roma fins el Decret de Nova Planta, tot posant en valor l’esperit del dret pública català originari, es planteja el paradigma que es postula, amb l’objectiu de fer possible un nou model de govern local a Catalunya Fonamentat en una societat implicada i participativa en la cosa pública local, es fa una proposta d’un model territorial racional, s’exposa el disseny del que anomenem una àrea bàsica administrativa (ABA) i s’explica la proposta de model de govern local que es proposa, incloent-hi el marc jurídic i l’estructura administrativa de govern. Es posa de manifest, que el postulat que es sotmet a consideració és, en bona part, perfectament plausible amb la normativa vigent, i que la seva posta en funcionament, podria ser, en un primer estadi, immediata, sense haver d’esperar a noves promulgacions normatives. Finalment s’hi estudien les quatre formes de govern i de directius municipals que la doctrina ha convingut en classificar en el marc de la Unió Europea, i s’hi desenvolupa un estudi de models comparats: Irlanda, Finlàndia i Portugal, que ens serveixen per a potenciar i reforçar, amb realitats existents, la tesi objecte del treball de recerca.
The research is based on a study about Catalan public law, inspired by the previous Decree of Nueva Planta, which give us five core themes: citizens participation; a sustainable and rational territorial model; a powerful associative network; a model of government and local electoral system, adapted to the demands of the present; and local political action in concordance with the model postulated. In the development, it adds the result to incorporate certain mechanisms of comparative models and it lays out a pattern in which the participation of citizens in public affairs through a complex associative network, is essential. This approach is based on the implementation of a territorial model, original, innovative and rational, leading, together, a new system of local government and electoral pattern designed to meet the demands of a society in the 21th century to which we add a conception and a way of doing politics on the local world, consistent with the proposed paradigm. The development of the thesis is done through an analysis of the current situation of the public affairs through an examination of the general and local policy, and where it reveals a political system that announces the end of a cycle. It contextualizes the political and administrative frame in force in the State, so only then can understand what happens at the local world: praxis, behavior, situations and assumptions that, day by day, impregnate, pollute, and influence in the political and administrative activity in Spain. It makes an explicit denounce of the existing legislative mess: an immense tangle and normative gibberish, an open door to legal uncertainty. It also analyzes the political action and examines the citizen participation in local public administration. It reserves a specific section for the citizen, for the individual, and highlights the anachronism of some of the political roles. Finally, we made a thorough work that demonstrates the irrational local territorial map, which dissects the number of municipalities, their population size and its sustainability. Through the political and administrative evolution from Rome to the Decree of Nueva Planta, while highlighting the spirit of primary Catalan public law, it lays out the postulated paradigm, in order to make possible a new model of local government in Catalonia. Based on a participatory society involved in local public affairs, it is made a proposal for a rational territorial model, it shows the design of what we call a basic administrative area (BAA) and explains the proposal of local government model that is proposed, including the legal framework and administrative structure of government. It shows that the postulate that is submitted for consideration, largely perfectly plausible with in force regulations and that the operation could be in the first stage, immediately, without waiting for new regulatory enactments. Finally it studies the four types of government and municipal managers that doctrine has agreed to classify within the European Union framework, and it develops a study of comparative models: Ireland, Finland and Portugal, which serve to promote and strengthen, with existing realities, the thesis objective of the research.

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Bergström, Hanna, i Julia Medelberg. "Hållbar avgränsning i tid och rum : En studie av hur företag förhåller sig till den traditionella redovisningens postulat redovisningsenhet och redovisningsperiod vid avgränsningen av miljörapporter". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21214.

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Miljörapportering är en allt mer vanligt förekommande företeelse bland företag världen över. Fenomenet är ett resultat av en ökad medvetenhet kring vad hållbarhet är och vad som krävs för att uppnå det. Trots att denna typ av rapportering har ökat är den i Sverige i stort sett frivillig att upprätta, något som lett till att direktiven för hur rapporterna ska utformas är få och inte heller särskilt utförliga. Därför har den traditionella redovisningen kommit att prägla även miljörapporteringens utformning och innehåll, trots att de två rapporternas syften är skilda. Den traditionella redovisningens postulat, redovisningsenhet och redovisningsperiod, är två exempel på när redovisningens direktiv är tydligt upprättade för ett finansiellt ändamål, och inte är förenligt med långsiktig hållbarhet. I denna studie undersöks vilka företag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen som miljörapporterar, samt hur dessa företag har valt att förhålla sig till begreppet hållbarhet vid avgränsningen av sina miljörapporter. För att skapa förståelse kring varför det råder skillnader i valet av att publicera dessa rapporter, samt varför rapporterna förhåller sig olika till de två ovan nämnda postulaten, har fyra företagsspecifika faktorer tagits i bejakande. Dessa är storlek, skuldsättningsgrad, ägarkoncentration och bransch. Variablerna är tillämpade i flertalet tidigare studier och går att härleda till välkända redovisningsteorier. Studiens statistiskt genomförda tester visar att storlek, skuldsättningsgrad och ägarkoncentration har samband med valet att lämna miljörapporter, medan endast de två förstnämnda variablerna visar samband med rapporternas hållbarhet gällande avgränsning av redovisningsenhet och period. Vidare framkommer det i studien att det endast är ett fåtal företag som lyckas förmedla deras produkters miljöpåverkan under hela dess livscykel. Detta resultat signalerar att miljörapporteringen brister i sitt syfte att tillgodose det långsiktiga och globala som krävs för att uppnå hållbarhet. Som förslag till fortsatt forskning lämnas därför att mer ingående studera de företag som faktiskt lyckas integrera hållbarhetsperspektivet i sin rapportering, samt undersöka hur avvägningen mellan de traditionella ramverken och miljörapportering bör ske.

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Flores, Cristiano Vilhalba. "Do controle de convencionalidade à harmonização jurídica : a legitimidade do particular em postular opiniões consultivas ao tribunal permanente de revisão do Mercosul". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164489.

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No presente trabalho busca-se demonstrar a inovação trazida pela regulamentação dos Estados-partes do Mercosul, especialmente pela brasileira, que conferiu ao particular o direito subjetivo de postular Opiniões Consultivas diretamente ao Tribunal Permanente de Revisão. Para tanto, destaca-se a condição de sujeito de direito internacional adquirida pelo particular por meio de normas advindas de integrações entre Estados soberanos. Da mesma forma, a importância que possui um tribunal legitimado e com atribuições claras, tendo por exemplos a União Europeia e da Organização dos Estados Americanos, onde o Tribunal de Justiça e Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos são reconhecidos como responsáveis diretos pelo sucesso destes blocos. Dentre suas competências, destaca-se o protagonismo que tiveram as suas faces consultivas, representadas pelo reenvio prejudicial e pelas opiniões consultivas, respectivamente, instrumentos que não foram apenas responsáveis pela harmonização das legislações internas com a norma da integração, mas também por criar uma verdadeira cooperação jurisdicional entre organismos jurisdicionais interacionais e as jurisdições nacionais. Institutos que se assemelham às opiniões consultivas do Mercosul, cuja legitimação em postulá-las diretamente ao Tribunal Permanente de Revisão é conferida ao particular de forma inovadora em processos de integração.
This paper seeks to demonstrate the innovation brought about by the regulations of the Mercosur States Parties, especially by the Brazilian, which gave the individual the subjective right to apply for Consultative Opinions directly to the Permanent Review Tribunal. In order to do so, the condition of being a subject of international law acquired by the individual is highlighted, through norms derived from integrations between sovereign states. Likewise, the importance of a legitimate and clearly defined court, for example the European Union and the Organization of American States, where the Court of Justice and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights are recognized as directly responsible for the success of these blocs. Among its competences, the leading role played by advisory opinions, represented by the reference for a preliminary ruling and by the advisory opinions respectively, were not only responsible for the harmonization of domestic legislation with the integration rule but also for creating a genuine Jurisdictional cooperation between national courts and national courts. Institutes that resemble the consultative opinions of Mercosur, whose legitimacy in postulating them directly to the Permanent Review Tribunal is given to the individual in an innovative way in integration processes.

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Lins, Auristela Maciel. "O programa UNI da Fundação Kellogg no Brasil : uma avaliação a partir do postulado de coerencia de Mario Testa". [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310544.

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Orientador: Luiz Carlos de Oliveira Cecilio
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Este estudo tem por objeto o Programa UNI da Fundação Kellogg no Brasil e analisa a coerência do seu ideário entre Propósitos, Métodos e Organização, à luz do Postulado de Coerência de Mario Testa. O material empírico da pesquisa é composto por bibliografia sobre o Programa UNI, seu ideário, propostas e avaliação e por entrevistas com doze atores do seu processo, agrupados como Formuladores do Programa UNI, Diretores de Projetos UNI e Avaliadores. O material foi recortado, sistematizado e analisado segundo as categorias analíticas de determinação, condicionamento, sujeito coletivo e paradigma e segundo as categorias empíricas de propósito, método (parceria e participação comunitária) e organização. Evidenciamos uma formulação idealizada do espaço real de operacionalização dos Projetos. Evidenciamos também que, linhas de determinação e condicionamento foram sendo construídas, dialeticamente, no espaço concreto de atuação dos atores e na relação entre sujeito e objeto, algumas vezes, em sentido contrário ao que previamente se supôs na formulação do Programa. A investigação consegue identificar movimentos de mudanças nas realidades nas quais estão inseridos os Projetos UNI, tanto na universidade, como no serviço de saúde e comunidade. As limitações presentes no referencial funcionalista adotado na formulação inicial do Programa e a pouca valorização dada às linhas de condicionamento ou determinação que partem das organizações podem ser apontadas como explicações para o não alcance de sua eficácia plena
Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyse KELLOGG FOUNDATION's UNI PROGRAM as it has been carried out in Brazil. The coherence of its conception with regard to its proposals, methods and organization is analysed using Mario Testa's coherence postulate. Data was obtained from different sources: references on the UNI PROGRAM containing the ideas that guide it, the proposals and the evaluation methods used, and interviews with twelve UNI PROGRAM participants. These were c1assified into three sets: first, those who took part in the shaping of the UNI PROGRAM; second, the directors and, third, people in the evaluation group. Data was selected,. systematized and analyzed with the help of the following analytical categories: determination, conditioning, collective subject and paradigm. These empirical categories were also used: proposals, methods (partnership and community participation) and organization. Further interpretation led to the identification of an idealized view of the real space where the UNI PROGRAM would function. It also became evident these some orientations were gradually built, dialectically, in the actual scenario where the several actors operate and in the subject/object relationship. At times, these orientations were opposed to what was intended in the original design of the UNI PROGRAM. Through this investigation it was possible to identify some changes in the concrete contexts in which UNI PROJECTS are developed, be it in the university or in the health service and community. The limits present in the functionalistic theoretical references adopted in the original formulation of the UNI PROGRAM and the insufficient consideration to determination and conditioning orientations built by the organization could be said to be factors responsible for the low rate of efficiency of the PROGRAM
Mestrado
Mestre em Saude Coletiva

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43

Zygmunt, Agata. "Postulat równości płci w sferze zatrudnienia i pracy w teorii i praktyce państw Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce". Doctoral thesis, Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/4954.

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Niniejsza rozprawa dotyczy ekonomicznego aspektu równości płci. Kluczową tezę wyznacza założenie, że równość płci w sferze zatrudnienia i pracy musi oznaczać współwystępowanie równości formalnej, teoretycznej – gwarantowanej przez prawo i równości faktycznej, czyli tej, która odnosi się do realiów życia społecznego. Równość faktyczna w pewien sposób weryfikuje formalną, sprawdza jej skuteczność w praktyce. Jakkolwiek tytuł pracy sygnalizuje podjęcie próby analizy postulatu równości płci w sferze teorii i praktyki zarówno w odniesieniu do państw Unii Europejskiej, jak i do Polski, to jednak z uwagi na rozległość obszaru badawczego, część empiryczna pracy odnosi się wyłącznie do Polski. Niewątpliwie rozszerzenie zakresu badań empirycznych na inne kraje umożliwiłoby dokonanie precyzyjnej analizy porównawczej, niemniej jednak z uwagi na czasochłonność tego zabiegu oraz konieczność zaangażowania znacznych środków, w niniejszej rozprawie zrezygnowano z niego. Uznanie Polski za państwo, które pod względem realizacji postulatu równości płci może być reprezentatywne dla całej Unii Europejskiej byłoby dużym nadużyciem. Opierając się na wiedzy teoretycznej na temat sytuacji kobiet na rynkach pracy innych państw europejskich można jednak przypuszczać, że wyniki badań empirycznych uzyskanych w naszym kraju mogą nie odbiegać w znaczący sposób od tych, które zostałyby uzyskane w badaniach o szerszym zasięgu.

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Pilon, Jérôme André-Louis. "L’apport de Jacques Derrida au 'critical religion' : déconstruction du signifié transcendantal 'religion' dans le discours postulant l’universalité de la religion". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23526.

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Les sciences des religions acceptèrent l’universalité de la religion comme une prémisse indéniable dès sa fondation. Néanmoins, certaines réserves peuvent être émises. Cette thèse poursuit la problématisation de l’universalité de la religion, entamée par un groupe d’auteurs de la critical religion, et oriente la réflexion sur les conditions d’intelligibilité de cette croyance par l’entremise d’une analyse discursive déconstructiviste contextualisant l’universalité de la religion dans son épistémè. Plus précisément, cette thèse propose que la croyance en l’universalité de la religion soit supportée par des réseaux de croyances métaphysiques et ontologiques. La déconstruction des conditions d’intelligibilité du concept de l’universalité, juxtaposée à celle de la réification de la religion, expose des jeux de langage délimités et circonscrits par une ontologie moderne. Ces jeux de langage ontologiques sont déployés par des démarcations radicales où des séries dichotomiques, le sujet et l’objet par exemple, circonscrivent les discours dans une clôture métaphysique. Bref, cette thèse déconstruit le signifié transcendantal « religion » et expose les conditions d’intelligibilité de l’universalité de la religion, c’est-à-dire les jeux de langage ontologiques modernes étroitement tissés et calqués sur l’ontologie classique où les discours auxquels la grande majorité des approches en sciences des religions adhèrent puisent leur intelligibilité.

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Prunzel, Regine [Verfasser]. "Der "Europäische Sozialkonsens" als Instrument zur Stärkung des "Europäischen Sozialmodells". : Vom politischen Postulat zur eigenständigen sozialpolitischen Säule. / Regine Prunzel". Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1238357490/34.

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46

Dang, Thao P. "Biomimetic Modeling of the Nitrogen-centered Radical Postulated to occur during the Inhibition of Ribonucleotide Reductases by 2'-Azido-2'-deoxynucleotides". FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/318.

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Ribonucleotide reductases (RNR) are essential enzymes that catalyze the reduction of ribonucleotides to 2'-deoxyribonucleotides, which is a critical step that produces precursors for DNA replication and repair. The inactivation of RNR, logically, would discontinue producing the precursors of the DNA of viral or cancer cells, which then would consequently end the cycle of DNA replication. Among different compounds that were found to be inhibitors of RNR, 2'-azido-2'-deoxynucleotide diphosphates (N3NDPs) have been investigated in depth as potent inhibitors of RNR. Decades of investigation has suggested that the inactivation of RNR by N3NDPs is a result of the formation of a nitrogen-centered radical (N•) that is covalently attached to the nucleotide at C3' and cysteine molecule C225 [3'-C(R-S-N•-C-OH)]. Biomimetic simulation reactions for the generation of the nitrogen-centered radicals similar to the one observed during the inactivation of the RNR by azionuclotides was investigated. The study included several modes: (i) theoretical calculation that showed the feasibility of the ring closure reaction between thiyl radicals and azido group; (ii) synthesis of the model azido nucleosides with a linker attached to C3' or C5' having a thiol or vicinal dithiol functionality; (iii) generation of the thiyl radical under both physiological and radiolysis conditions whose role is important in the initiation on RNR cascades; and (iv) analysis of the nitrogen-centered radical species formed during interaction between the thiyl radical and azido group by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Characterization of the aminyl radical species formed during one electron attachment to the azido group of 2'-azido-2'-deoxyuridine and its stereospecifically labelled 1'-, 2'-, 3'-, 4'- or 5,6-[2H2]-analogues was also examined. This dissertation gave insight toward understanding the mechanism of the formation of the nitrogen-centered radical during the inactivation of RNRs by azidonucleotides as well as the mechanism of action of RNRs that might provide key information necessary for the development of the next generation of antiviral and anticancer drugs.

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Hamati, Inanna. "Connaître et juger en théorie des relations internationales : étude du discours axiologique de trois "réalismes" en rapport avec leurs postulats épistémologiques". Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010314.

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Partant d'une interrogation sur la dualité du rapport du chercheur aux valeurs, il s'agit d'identifier, par l'étude de modes différents d'objectivation de la politique internationale, l'articulation entre connaissance et jugement en théorie politique. L'analyse des fondements théoriques de trois réalismes (réalisme classqiue de Morgenthau, systémisme de Kaplan, structuralisme de Waltz) révèle la diversité épistémologique de cette tradition, ainsi que les divergences profondes concernant la définition de la science, le rôle de la connaissance objective, et la place des valeurs dans le processus cognitif. Elle montre aussi que ni l'approche philosophique, ni l'approche scientiste ne peuvent produire un discours axiologique ou normatif cohérent, et qu'un alignement des discours cognitif et évaluatif nécessite que la théorie soit elle-même conçue comme faisant partie de son objet d'étude, c'est à dire comme soumise aux relations et structures de pouvoir qu'elle se charge d'objectiver.

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Demers, Céline. "La pertinence de postuler de multiples niveaux de représentation dans le modèle de la redescription des représentations de Karmiloff-Smith". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ26669.pdf.

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Petitclerc, Adèle. "Le postulat critique au coeur de l'analyse de discours. Introduction critique aux bases méthodologiques et épistémologiques des Critical Discourse Studies". Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1017/document.

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Ce travail de thèse a pour enjeux de rendre accessible à la communauté scientifique francophone en analyse dudiscours la manière dont le postulat critique s’est mis en place dans les sciences du langage européennes delangue anglaise à partir des années 1970 avec la Critical Linguistics jusqu’à son évolution actuelle donnant formeet programme à un courant de recherche connu sous les noms de Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) et de CriticalDiscourse Studies (CDS). Au moyen de nombreuses traductions réalisées dans le but de donner accès aux textes dece courant, nous faisons émerger, à travers leurs publications marquantes, comment sont nés ces courants, etcomment ils se sont établis scientifiquement et institutionnellement dans le paysage des sciences du langageanglophones en tant que disciplines désormais pleinement reconnues et disposant d'une reconnaissanceimportante dans les institutions universitaires. Malgré l’éclectisme de ces disciplines, qui pourrait à première vues’apparenter à un éclatement, nous identifions dans une exploration épistémologique ce qui fait leur unité et leurcohésion interne : principe critique appliquée à l’analyse du discours, posture définie du chercheur comme partieprenante de la société, focalisation sur des problématiques sociales construites comme objets de recherche,interdisciplinarité théorique pour ne jamais se limiter dans l’analyse, et pragmatisme dans le choix desméthodologies de recherche, toujours envisagées comme étant au service d’une analyse la plus complète possibledes aspects sémiotiques et discursifs des problèmes sociaux. Dans notre dernière partie, nous donnonsprécisément à voir des manières de faire de l’analyse du discours en CDS. À travers la présentation et l’analysedes grandes approches et tendances méthodologiques des CDS, nous montrons comment les chercheurss’emparent de problèmes sociaux concrets pour proposer des analyses répondant à une visée d’émancipation,démêlant ce qu'il en est des rapports entre langage et pouvoir. Nous montrons que ces analyses sont basées à lafois sur une théorisation critique du discours, de l’idéologie et de la société dans une visée interdisciplinaire(mêlant librement aux théories linguistiques des concepts issus des sciences sociales, de l’homme ou de lacognition), et sur des méthodologies qui empruntent sans restriction à toutes les branches des sciences dulangage pour appréhender le discours de manière complète, tant sous l’angle de son contenu que de samatérialité, analysant par exemple conjointement les macropropositions sémantiques, les stratégies rhétoriques,la représentation des acteurs sociaux ou les microphénomènes syntaxiques
With this thesis, we are aiming at presenting how critique was incorporated into linguistics and discourseanalysis, first in the United-Kingdom in the 1970s and later spread to all European Anglophone discourseanalysis where it became its own discipline, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) or alternatively, Critical DiscourseStudies (CDS). With a francophone audience in mind, we have translated excerpts of the major publications ofthe field to French in order to present first how CDA and CDS came into being as established disciplines, startingfrom Critical Linguistics. Then, we explore the main tenets of CDA and CDS and what constitutes them ascoherent scientific fields despite what appears at first sight to be a very eclectic body of works gathered underthese labels. We show that it has to do with critique as a governing principle for discourse analysis; how theresearcher’s position in society is defined; social problems as starting points for research; and a very pragmaticapproach when choosing methodological tools. Our last part presents the major approaches to “doing CDA”,from the founders’ approaches (Wodak’s Discourse Historical Approach, Fairclough’s Dialectical-RelationalApproach, Van Dijk’s Socio-Cognitive Approach, Van Leeuwen’s Representation of Social Actors) to largercurrent trends (CDA with a Cognitive Linguistics or Gender Studies input, Social Semiotics, Forensic Linguistics)

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Hornslien, Karina Stensland. "Characterization of three novel genes encoding postulated peptides of the IDA family, and their possible function in plant defense in Arabidopsis thaliana". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13865.

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IDL6 and IDL7 are postulated peptides of the INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) peptide family in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. The genes encoding the postulated peptides, IDL6 and IDL7, were investigated to potentially elucidate the function of the peptides and the possible relations to plant defense and stress tolerance in A. thaliana. A phenotypic characterization study of single and double knockout mutant lines, and over-expression lines of IDL6 and IDL7 was conducted to potentially find a phenotype linked to the genes by analyzing deviations in growth and development, compared to wild type (Wt) A. thaliana. Over-expression lines showed a tendency to have a higher amount of individuals reaching defined growth stages in seedling development, but this could not be concluded to be a phenotype linked to IDL6 or IDL7.The genes have been shown to be highly up-regulated in response to several different stress treatments, both abiotic and biotic in silico data. Several different transgenic lines of A. thaliana were subjected to different types of stress treatments to potentially verify the in silico data. Knockout lines, double knockout lines, over-expression lines and promoter:GUS lines of IDL6 and IDL7 were treated with abiotic stress factors (NaCl, mannitol, UV-B light, H2O2 and paraquat) and biotic stress factors (aphids, Pseudomonas syringae and flagellin22) to investigate differences in tolerance, gene expression and promoter activity in the respective transgenic lines and Wt A. thaliana.No absolute phenotype was detected in experiments related to stress tolerance, and great variations in promoter activity using promoter:GUS lines were observed. However, double knockout mutants of idl6 and idl7 showed a small trend to tolerate NaCl better than Wt A. thaliana and other transgenic lines. The great variation in GUS expression from GUS assay lead to a thorough screening and expression analyses of promoter:GUS lines. Results presented in this work, indicate that expression of the IDL6 and IDL7 genes may be subjected to extensive post transcriptional regulation through mRNA degradation, possibly governed by stress related environmental signals. A novel member of the IDA peptide family, IDL8, was also analyzed. Segregation analyses of knock out lines were conducted and they were genotyped to verify that mutant lines of idl8 were real knockouts. Results presented here show that one of the idl8 mutant lines had the T-DNA inserted to the promoter region of the gene and is postulated to be a real knockout. However, further expression analyses should be conducted to verify that the gene is not transcribed. Over-expression lines of IDL8 were successfully constructed through recombinant DNA technology and by T-DNA insertion using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

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