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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „PPG (polypropylene glycol)”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Fiume, Monice M., Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, et al. "Safety Assessment of Propylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, and PPGs as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 31, no. 5_suppl (2012): 245S—260S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581812461381.

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Propylene glycol is an aliphatic alcohol that functions as a skin conditioning agent, viscosity decreasing agent, solvent, and fragrance ingredient in cosmetics. Tripropylene glycol functions as a humectant, antioxidant, and emulsion stabilizer. Polypropylene glycols (PPGs), including PPG-3, PPG-7, PPG-9, PPG-12, PPG-13, PPG-15, PPG-16, PPG-17, PPG-20, PPG-26, PPG-30, PPG-33, PPG-34, PPG-51, PPG-52, and PPG-69, function primarily as skin conditioning agents, with some solvent use. The majority of the safety and toxicity information presented is for propylene glycol (PG). Propylene glycol is ge

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2

Guven, Onur, Khandjamts Batjargal, Orhan Ozdemir, et al. "Experimental Procedure for the Determination of the Critical Coalescence Concentration (CCC) of Simple Frothers." Minerals 10, no. 7 (2020): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10070617.

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In this study, the critical coalescence concentrations (CCC) of selected commercial frother solutions, namely polypropylene glycols (PPG 200, 400, and 600), tri propylene glycol (BTPG), triethylene glycol (BTEG), dipropylene glycol (BDPG), and as a reference, methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC), were determined using a bubble column based on light absorption. The results for all seven frothers showed that BTEG has the worst bubble inhibiting performance, and PPG 600 has the best bubble inhibiting performance. While critical coalescence concentration (CCC) was found as 3 ppm for PPG 600, it increas

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3

Su, Ji Xin, Ming Bo Zhang, Li Yuan Ma, Shen Ping Zhang, and Fei Fei Dong. "Controlling the Wall Thickness and Pore Size of SBA-15 by Using PPG and PEG as Additives." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1514.

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Ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 with controlled pore size and wall thickness was synthesized using polypropylene glycol (PPG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as different additives. The final samples were characterized by low-angle X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption and transmission electron microscopy. The SBA-15 used PPG or PEG as additive all could maintain the two-dimensional hexagonal structure. The addition of PPG could expand the pore size and decrease the wall thickness and the addition of PEG could reduce the pore size and increase the wall thickness of SBA-15.

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4

Lebedev, A. V., and S. N. Lysenko. "Extension of the Working Temperature Range of Magnetic Fluid Susceptibility Measurements." Solid State Phenomena 190 (June 2012): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.190.649.

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Tests have been carried out to measure the temperature dependence of static susceptibility of a magnetic fluid stabilized with polypropylene glycol (PPG) in propanol, ethyl ether and propylene oxide. The use of propylene oxide provides the widest temperature range for measurements of fluid susceptibility. The coagulation stability of the PPG-stabilized magnetic fluid against ethylene glycol and 1,4-butylene glycol is investigated. It has been shown that ethylene glycol can be used to separate PPG magnetic fluid into fractions. The fluid separation begins as soon as the volumetric fraction of e

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5

Cai, Ling, Feilong Han, Jingen Hu, Gewen Xu, Yiping Huang, and Xiangjin Lin. "The effect of the preparation process on the swelling behavior of silk fibroin-polyurethane composite hydrogels using a full factorial experimental design." Journal of Polymer Engineering 35, no. 6 (2015): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0186.

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Abstract Polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) was synthesized by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) as the soft segments, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as the hard segment and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) and diethylene glycol (DEG) as chain extenders. Silk fibroin (SF)-PU composite hydrogels were prepared by SF and PUP through chemical crosslinking and physical crosslinking interactions. A full factorial experimental design with four factors and four levels was applied to optimize the craft of preparing SF-PU composite hydrogels. The molecular weight of PEG, IPDI/(PEG+PPG)

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6

Ghoroghchian, Fahimeh, Yadollah Bayat, and Fatemeh Abrishami. "Compatibility of energetic plasticizers with the triblock copolymer of polypropylene glycol-glycidyl azide polymer-polypropylene glycol (PPG-GAP-PPG)." Journal of Polymer Engineering 40, no. 10 (2020): 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2020-0051.

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AbstractGlycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is well known as an energetic prepolymer, but its application as a binder in propellants is limited due to its relatively high glass transition temperature and relatively poor mechanical properties. Copolymerization of GAP with polypropylene glycol (PPG) has been shown to improve GAPs properties because of the good thermal and mechanical properties of PPG. In this research we synthesized triblock copolymer of PPG-GAP-PPG and the compatibilities of this copolymer were investigated with energetic plasticizers (20% w/w) n-butyl nitroxyethylnitramine (BuNENA),

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7

Fiume, Monice M., Bart Heldreth, Wilma F. Bergfeld, et al. "Safety Assessment of Alkyl PEG/PPG Ethers as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 35, no. 1_suppl (2016): 60S—89S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581816650626.

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The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel assessed the safety of 131 alkyl polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polypropylene glycol ethers as used in cosmetics, concluding that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be nonirritating. Most of the alkyl PEG/PPG ethers included in this review are reported to function in cosmetics as surfactants, skin-conditioning agents, and/or emulsifying agents. The alkyl PEG/PPG ethers share very similar physiochemical properties as the alkyl PEG ethers, which were revie

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8

Negim, El-Sayed, A. M. Konysbay, G. Irmukhametova, and S. N. Kalugin. "Synthesis and characterization of polypropylene glycol-graft-styrene." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 318, no. 3 (2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2021/6445.23.

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Grafting polymerization based on polypropylene glycol (PPG) and styrene (St) was synthesized with different composition of styrene using the free radical technique in the presence of potassium persulphate as an initiator. The grafted copolymers (PPG-g-St) used different styrene composition (65/15, 65/25, 65/35), respectively. The grafted copolymers were investigated through FTIR (Fourier-transform spectroscopy), Differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analyzer. FTIR showed new peaks at 1450 cm-1 and 1135 cm-1 due to the grafting process of St on PPG. Thermal stability of grafte

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9

Khanlari, Tayebe, Yadollah Bayat, and Mohammad Bayat. "Synthesis, thermal stability and kinetic decomposition of triblock copolymer polypropylene glycol–poly glycidyl nitrate–polypropylene glycol (PPG–PGN–PPG)." Polymer Bulletin 77, no. 11 (2019): 5859–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-03051-z.

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10

He, Ruiying, Zhongpeng Zhu, Weiping Zheng, et al. "Synergistic effects of the bimetallic Ni–Fe systems and their application in the reductive amination of polyether polyols." RSC Advances 14, no. 17 (2024): 11885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra00944d.

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11

Raja, Daim Asif, Fazeelah Munir, Muhammad Raza Shah, Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger, and Muhammad Imran Malik. "Colorimetric sensing of cephradine through polypropylene glycol functionalized gold nanoparticles." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 5 (2021): 210185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210185.

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The development of metal nanoparticle-based facile colorimetric assays for drugs and insecticides is an emerging area of current scientific research. In the present work, polypropylene glycol was used for stabilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a simple one-pot two-phase process and subsequently employed it for the specific detection of cephradine (CPH). The characterization of the prepared PPG-AuNPs was conducted through various analytical techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), zeta potential and zetasize

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12

SANO, Morihiro. "Polypropylene Glycol(PPG) Used as Drilling Fluids Additive." Journal of The Japan Petroleum Institute 40, no. 6 (1997): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi1958.40.534.

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13

Świergiel, Jolanta, and Jan Jadżyn. "A virtual transition from polypropylene glycol (PPG) to polypropylene oxide (PPO)." Journal of Molecular Liquids 304 (April 2020): 112748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112748.

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14

Hu, Xiaoping, Akira Fukutani, Xin Liu, Kazuhide Kimbara, and Fusako Kawai. "Isolation of bacteria able to grow on both polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) and their PEG/PPG dehydrogenases." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 73, no. 6 (2007): 1407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0616-y.

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15

Mikhailova, Olesia, and Pavel Rovnaník. "Effect of Polymer Admixtures on Mechanical Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Mortars." Advanced Materials Research 1124 (September 2015): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1124.145.

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Alkali-activated slag (AAS) binders have lower environmental impact due to its production process, but also have disadvantages as an increased shrinkage followed by formation of microcracks. The effect of polymer admixtures based on vinyl acetate, ethylene and acrylic acid ester, methyl metacrylate and different types of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) on properties of alkali-activated slag concrete was studied. Admixtures used for mortars were tested to improve shrinkage, workability and compressive strength, flexural strength. The analysis also showed the effect of t

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16

Burts, Katsiaryna, Tatiana Plisko, Anastasia Penkova, Sergey Ermakov, and Alexandr Bildyukevich. "Influence of PEG-PPG-PEG Block Copolymer Concentration and Coagulation Bath Temperature on the Structure Formation of Polyphenylsulfone Membranes." Polymers 16, no. 10 (2024): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16101349.

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The effect of amphiphilic block copolymer polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polypropylene glycol (PPG)-PEG concentration in the polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) casting solution and coagulation bath temperature (CBT) on the structure, separation, and antifouling performance of PPSU ultrafiltration membranes was studied for the first time. According to the phase diagram obtained, PPSU/PEG-PPG-PEG/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) systems are characterized by a narrow miscibility gap. It was found that 20 wt.% PPSU solutions in NMP with the addition of 5–15 wt.% of PEG-PPG-PEG block copolymer feature upper critical

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17

Ved, Prakash, Rai Bhuvneshwar, K. Tyagi V., and K. Niyogi U. "Dispersion and characterizations of nanofluids prepared with CuO and CNT nanoparticle." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 92, Aug 2015 (2015): 1245–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5598785.

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Material Science Division, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, 19 University Road, Delhi-110 007, India <em>E-mail</em> : ved.chem@gmail.com Manuscript received online 12 November 2014, revised 18 Decembe 2014, accepted 23 December 2014 Three types of nanofluids were prepared using copper oxide nanopowder and water, ethylene glycol (EG), and ethylene glycol : water (60 : 40) as base fluids separately. These three nanofluids were characterized by viscosity, UV-Visible spectra, dispersion stability, thermal conductivity and TEM analysis. A different type of nanofluid has also been prepare

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18

Ahmed, Fariyal, Paschalis Alexandridis, Harish Shankaran, and Sriram Neelamegham. "The Ability of Poloxamers to Inhibit Platelet Aggregation Depends on their Physicochemical Properties." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 86, no. 12 (2001): 1532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1616759.

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SummaryPoloxamers, block copolymers of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG), are thought to reduce cell-cell adhesion during vascular disorders. We examined how the amphiphilic nature of these polymers may contribute to their ability to inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Four Poloxamers (184, 188, 335 and 338) with varying PEG and PPG block lengths were examined. Of these, Poloxamer 184 at 2 mM markedly inhibited platelet aggregation. We observed that: i) Typically, less than 10% of the platelet surface is covered by Poloxamers, and greater than 99% of the polymer ei

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19

Trinh, Giang Hoang, Marlène Desloir, Fabien Dutertre, Jean-Charles Majesté, Florent Dalmas, and Guilhem P. Baeza. "Isostructural softening of the filler network in SBR/silica nanocomposites." Soft Matter 15, no. 15 (2019): 3122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02592d.

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A new formulation of the widely used nanocomposites based on SBR (ca. 250 kg mol<sup>−1</sup>) and fractal silica fillers is proposed by substituting the usual covering and coupling agents with short chains (4 kg mol<sup>−1</sup>) of polypropylene glycol (PPG).

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20

Silva, Cassio Nazareno Silva da, Maria Carolina Bezerra Di-Medeiros, Luciano Morais Lião, Kátia Flávia Fernandes, and Karla de Aleluia Batista. "Cashew Gum Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Grafted with Polypropylene Glycol as Carriers for Diclofenac Sodium." Materials 14, no. 9 (2021): 2115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092115.

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This investigation focuses on the development and optimization of cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) nanoparticles grafted with polypropylene glycol (PPG) as carriers for diclofenac sodium. The optimization of parameters affecting nanoparticles formulation was performed using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). It was demonstrated that the best formulation was achieved when 10 mg of CGP was mixed with 10 μL of PPG and homogenized at 22,000 rpm for 15 min. The physicochemical characterization evidenced that diclofenac was efficiently entrapped, as increases in the thermal stability of the

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21

Andreev, Artem A., Daria N. Yakhina, Daniil V. Bryankin, and Veronika V. Makarova. "Investigation of the dispersion process of polypropylene glycol in perfluorodecalin." Image Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies 7, no. 1 (2022): 028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/jamt.2022.01.pp.028-035.

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Perfluorinated polyesters (PFPE) are used as components of high-performance lubricants and oils operating in high and low temperature conditions, including in special-purpose products used in space and in Arctic conditions. To date, the methods for producing PFPE are complex processes that are quite demanding to the conditions of synthesis, which makes it almost impossible to produce these compounds commercially on a large scale. One of the promising approaches to obtaining perfluorinated esters is liquid-phase direct fluorination. Toxic, ozone-depleting solvents have been used in these proces

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22

Takada, Ryoichi, Ryosuke Takagi, Zhaohuan Mai, Atsushi Matsuoka, and Hideto Matsuyama. "Practical Osmotic Agent for High-Degree Pharmaceutical Pre-Concentration by Organic Solvent Forward Osmosis." Membranes 14, no. 9 (2024): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14090187.

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Pre-concentration can reduce the total production costs in the pharmaceutical industry. Organic solvent forward osmosis (OSFO) is a suitable pre-concentration method because of its nonthermal nature, low capital cost, and potential for achieving high-degree concentrations. In a previous study, we first demonstrated a high-degree OSFO concentration. Sucrose octaacetate (SoA) in MeOH was concentrated to 52 wt% using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-400 as the osmotic agent, but the concentrated solution had a concentration of 17% PEG-400 because of the reverse solute flux. This result does not meet the

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23

Solomon, Moses M., Saviour A. Umoren, Aniekemeabasi U. Israel, and Idongesit G. Etim. "Synergistic inhibition of aluminium corrosion in H2SO4 solution by polypropylene glycol in the presence of iodide ions." Pigment & Resin Technology 45, no. 4 (2016): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-01-2015-0010.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of polypropylene glycol (PPG), as a corrosion inhibitor for aluminium corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at 303-333 K and the effect of addition of iodide ions on the corrosion inhibition efficacy of PPG. Design/methodology/approach The corrosion inhibition performance of PPG alone and on addition of iodide ions in the acid medium was evaluated using weight loss and electrochemical [electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarisation resistance (LPR) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP)] methods as well as surface

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24

Xie, Dong, Yang Zhao, Yuan Li, et al. "Rheological, Thermal, and Degradation Properties of PLA/PPG Blends." Materials 12, no. 21 (2019): 3519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213519.

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The work presented herein focuses on simulating the compounding process via a torque rheometer, as well as the relationship between the melt viscosity and the polymer molecular weight (MW). We aim to predict the plasticization of polylactic acid (PLA) using polypropylene glycol (PPG) with different MWs. The rheological properties of the PLA/PPG composites containing PPG with different MWs were systematically studied by capillary rheometry and torque rheometry. The initial degradation of PLA/PPG composites during melt processing was monitored in real time. The results indicate that PPG can sign

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25

Yarysheva, Alena Yu, Semen N. Klyamkin, Larisa M. Yarysheva, and Olga V. Arzhakova. "Functionalization and Surface Modification of Mesoporous Hydrophobic Membranes by Oligomers and Target Additives via Environmental Crazing." Membranes 13, no. 5 (2023): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13050466.

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This work offers an ecologically friendly and facile approach for the modification of high-tonnage commercial polymers, including polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and preparation of nanocomposite polymeric membranes via incorporation of modifying oligomer hydrophilic additives, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and salicylic acid (SA). Structural modification is accomplished via the deformation of polymers in PEG, PPG, and water-ethanol solutions of PVA and SA when mesoporous

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26

Zhou, Shi, Bing Zhou, Chun Ying Huang, and Jia Jun Chen. "Preparation of Antibacterial WPU Nanometer Titanium Dioxide Composite." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.388.

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In the paper, WPU nanometer titanium dioxide composite is made mainly of polypropylene glycol (PPG), 2, 4-toluene diisocynate (TDI), nanometer titanium dioxide (TiO2), oleic acid (OA), dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), triethylamine (TEA), polypropylene glycol phosphate (PPG-P). Feature of nano particle is analyzed and tested by scanning electron microscope; Fourier infrared spectrum of nanoparticle and composite is tested by fourier infrared spectrometer under room temperature; thermal property test is conducted to composite by thermogravimetric analyzer; XRD test

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27

Padmavathi, B., and N. V. S. Venugopal. "Synthesis, Characterization and Bioassay of Nano Cartap Hydrochloride-An Ecofriendly Insecticide." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 39, no. 3 (2023): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/390328.

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The common insecticide used in Cabbage and Basmati rice fields is Cartaphydrochloride(CHC). It is a low toxicity insecticide belongs to Neurotoxin. Present study aimed to synthesize a new Nano-insecticide by using polypropylene glycol(PPG) as an encapsulated agent. Nano-CHC is useful for plant disease control. Polypropylene glycol encapsulated CHC size distribution was obtained by PadeLaplace dispersion in the size range in between 60-67nm.The functional group analysis of encapsulated CHC was carried by FT-IR spectroscopy. The structural topology of encapsulated CHC was obtained by scanning el

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28

Batjargal, Khandjamts, Onur Guven, Orhan Ozdemir, et al. "Adsorption Kinetics of Various Frothers on Rising Bubbles of Different Sizes under Flotation Conditions." Minerals 11, no. 3 (2021): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030304.

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This paper studies the effect of the type and concentration of selected frothers, the gas flowrate, and the pore size of the porous frit on the bubble sizes (Sauter mean diameter, SMD) of bubbling flow produced in a micro-flotation cell, and the determination of bubble size distribution (BSD) in the presence of the frothers. The commercial frothers polypropylene glycols (PPG 200, 400, and 600), tri propylene glycol (BTPG), triethylene glycol (BTEG), dipropylene glycol (BDPG), and Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC) were used in the present investigation. The frother concentration varied from 1 to

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Ghoroghchian, Fahimeh, Yadollah Bayat, and Fatemeh Abrishami. "Study on the Thermal Stability and Decomposition Kinetics of Polypropylene Glycol - Glycidyl Azide Polymer - Polypropylene Glycol (PPG-GAP-PPG) as a Novel Triblock Copolymer Binder." Central European Journal of Energetic Materials 17, no. 2 (2020): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22211/cejem/124073.

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Yang, Jian Jun, Zhi Lai Jin, Jia Nan Zhang, Qing Yun Wu, and Ming Yuan Wu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Alcohol Soluble Acrylate-Polyurethane Adhesive for Low Surface Energy Substrate." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.169.

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In this paper, vinyl-terminated polyurethane was synthesized with polypropylene glycol (PPG, Mn=1000) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as raw materials and hydroxyethyl acrylate as the blocking agent. Then the alcohol soluble acrylate-polyurethane (PU) adhesive for low surface energy substrate was acquired from vinyl acetate, acrylate and vinyl-terminated PU by solution polymerization. The resin was characterized by Infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetry analyses (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) respectively. Adhesion performance to biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP)

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Zinov’eva, I. V. "Liquid-liquid extraction of Pt(IV) from hydrochloric acid solutions using PPG 425 – NaCl – H₂O system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1212, no. 1 (2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1212/1/012011.

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Abstract Today, metal extraction from e-waste is beneficial from both an environmental and economic point of view. Natural resources of metals, especially platinum group metals, are limited. At the same time, the amount of waste containing many valuable elements continues to grow. In this work, we studied the extraction of Pt (IV) from hydrochloric acid solutions using polypropylene glycol 425 (PPG 425). In the course of the experimental work, the dependence of the platinum extraction degree on the influence of hydrochloric acid concentration and medium pH in the polypropylene glycol 425 - sod

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32

Shinzawa, Hideyuki, Tadafumi Uchimaru, Junji Mizukado, and Sergei G. Kazarian. "Non-equilibrium behavior of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polypropylene glycol (PPG) mixture studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy." Vibrational Spectroscopy 88 (January 2017): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2016.11.001.

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Ammar, MG Muhammad, PR Sua, AB Azizah, et al. "Ultraviolet (UV) curable hybrid material based on palm oil: plasticization effect and flame retardancy." Polymers and Polymer Composites 31 (June 8, 2023): 096739112311589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911231158998.

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In this study, a UV curable hybrid material from palm oil was prepared with glycerol and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). However, the resin was brittle and flammable. Thus, tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) and polypropylene glycol 400 (PPG) were added in the formulation as a flame retardant and plasticizer respectively. From the results, the gel content of UV cured films were more than 95%. The hardness, adhesion strength, impact, water absorption and wettability of the films were influenced by PPG 400 content as well as TnBP percentage. In addition, the flame retardant properties of coated wood were

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Wei, Yuan, Shu Lin An, and Su Ran Liao. "Research on the Reaction of IPDI and PPG with Organo-Tin Mixed Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.399.

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The kinetics of the reaction is essential for the synthesis of polyurethane. In this study, the reaction kinetics and polymerization conditions in two-step process of isophorone diisocyante (IPDI) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) with organo-tin mixed catalyst were investigated by chemical titration. The results showed that the reaction obeyed the second-order equation of step-growth polymerization, the rate constants of IPDI and PPG reaction at 50, 60 and 70°C were 0.0161, 0.0373 and 0.0806 kg•mol-1•min-1，respectively. The activation energy obtained from the result was 74.25 kJ•mol-1. The polyu

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Kim, Do Hun, Yang Soo Lee, Won Kyu Park, et al. "Flexible Graphite/PPG Hybrid Composite-Based Resistive Sensor for Sensing Organic Compounds." Sensors 20, no. 9 (2020): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092651.

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Our objective in this study was to investigate a sensor for volatile organic compounds based on a graphite (G)/polypropylene glycol (PPG) hybrid composite (HC) for sensing hybrid elements. The G/PPG HC sensor films for organic-matter detection were successfully fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film with a simple blade-coating method. The sensing paste based on G/PPG (1:2) HC showed good dispersibility and stability. In addition, G/PPG HC sensor films with organic compounds showed different thickness changes as a function of the G/PPG ratio because of the swelling effect of the po

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Wierzbicki, Łukasz, and Marcin Leonowicz. "Composition – Property Relations in Shear Thickening Fluids." Advances in Science and Technology 87 (October 2014): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.87.91.

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It was shown that fumed silica particles (FS), dispersed in polypropylene glycol (PPG), form shear thickening fluids (STF). PPGs with different molar mass were tested. The best combination of the properties (high viscosity, obtained at high shear rate) present the fluids composed of 7 nm FS and PPG 425. The highest volume fraction of FS, which was possible to disperse in PPG 425, was 25%. This fluid exhibited the highest viscosity. The highest magnitude of shear thickening effect was obtained, however, for 17.5 vol.% of the solid phase. Dynamic oscillatory shear experiments were conducted at e

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Gopi, Jineesh A., and Golok B. Nando. "Preparation and characterization of nanohydroxyapatite-based nanocomposites derived from immiscible blends of thermoplastic polyurethane and polydimethylsiloxane rubber." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 4 (2016): 465–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715604675.

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This article holds significance in preparing nanocomposites with reasonably good strength and flexibility. Nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and polypropylene glycol-coated nHA (PPG-nHA) were synthesized by sol–gel technique. Nanocomposites derived from immiscible blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rubber with nHA as the nanofiller were prepared by melt mixing technique and characterized. Transmission electron microscopic images display a significant extent of dispersion of modified and unmodified nHA in the blend matrices. Scanning electron microscopy results sh

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Shanmugam, Kirubanandan. "Modification of Biodegradable Polymer Nanofibers for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review." Bone and Arthrosurgery Science 2, no. 1 (2024): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/bas.v2i1.5957.

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Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physiochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions at the injured site. The designing of a biomaterial that can mimic the three-dimensional tissues in vivo is still challenging. Biodegradable polymers are used for the development of tissue engineering constructs in the form of sponges, films, and macroporous scaffolds, which do not influence cell fate processes such as cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation. Biodegradable polymer nanofibers fabrica

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Park, Kwang Hun, Dong Yeop Lee, Sung Ha Yoon, et al. "Adhesion Improvement of Solvent-Free Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives by Semi-IPN Using Polyurethanes and Acrylic Polymers." Polymers 14, no. 19 (2022): 3963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193963.

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To improve the peel strength and holding time of polypropylene glycol (PPG)-based pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs), a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) was prepared using acrylic polymers. In addition, to prevent air pollution due to volatile organic compound emissions and avoid the degradation of physical properties due to a residual solvent, the PPG-based semi-IPN PSAs were fabricated by an eco-friendly solvent-free method using an acrylic monomer instead of an organic solvent. PPG-based semi-IPN PSAs with different hard segment contents (2.9–17.2%) were synthesized; their

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Hazer, Derya Burcu, Baki Hazer, and Nazmiye Dinçer. "Soft Tissue Response to the Presence of Polypropylene-G-Poly(ethylene glycol) Comb-Type Graft Copolymers Containing Gold Nanoparticles." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/956169.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the soft tissue response of the pure and Au-embedded PPg-PEG. PP-g-PEG2000, PP-g-PEG4000, Au-PP-g-PEG2000, and AuPP-g-PEG4000 were obtained via chlorination of polypropylene and polyethylene glycol in the presence of a base with a “grafting onto” technique. Solvent cast films of these four copolymers with PP as a control group were embedded into five different rats. After 30 days of implantation, microscopic evaluation of inflammation and SEM analysis were done. PP had the most intense inflammatory reaction among the other polymers. PP-PEG block copolymers

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Huang, Xin, Tingting Zhao, Shuanjin Wang, et al. "Self-Healable, Transparent, Biodegradable, and Shape Memorable Polyurethanes Derived from Carbon Dioxide-Based Diols." Molecules 29, no. 18 (2024): 4364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184364.

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A series of CO2-based thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) were prepared using CO2-based poly(polycarbonate) diol (PPCDL), 4,4′-methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), and polypropylene glycol (PPG and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as the raw materials. The mechanical, thermal, optical, and barrier properties shape memory behaviors, while biocompatibility and degradation behaviors of the CO2-based TPUs are also systematically investigated. All the synthesized TPUs are highly transparent amorphous polymers, with one glass transition temperature at ~15–45 °C varying with hard segment content and soft

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Akram, Nadia, Muhammad Saeed, and Muhammad Usman. "Role of Macrodiols in the Synthesis and Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Anti-Tack Water Borne Polyurethane Dispersions." Polymers 14, no. 3 (2022): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030572.

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The texture and molecular weight of polymer drastically affect the adhesion or tack strength. Waterborne polyurethane dispersions (WBPU) have been prepared using two different macrodiols of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB; Mn = 2912 g/mol−1) and four compositions of Polypropylene glycol (PPG Mn = 425, 1000, 2000, 2700 g/mol−1). The contents of the macrodiols have been varied using HTPB as 5, 10 and 15 mol%. The prepolymer of HTPB and Poly propylene glycol (PPG) have been developed using 4,4-Methylene bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H12MDI) which is extended using 1, 4 butanediol (BD) follo

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Tsonev, Tsvetomir, Michael Herzog, and Sanchi Nenkova. "Shape memory polyurethanes based on recycled polyvinyl butyral. I. Synthesis and morphology." Open Chemistry 11, no. 12 (2013): 2058–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0331-3.

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AbstractShape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) were synthesized by 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), hexane-1,6-diol (HD), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and recycled polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transformation infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy was used to characterize the poly (vinylbutyral-urethanes). Micro-phase domain separation of hard and soft segments and phase inversion were investigated. Increasing the hard segment content, i.e., average hard segment molecular weight, leads to an increase in the deg

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Liao, Su Ran, Yuan Wei, Yu Qi Zhang, Meng Zhang, and Gao Fei Feng. "Study on the Reaction of TDI and PPG with Organo-Tin Mixed Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.13.

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The study of polyurethanes are of continuing interest due to their excellent physical properties. In this study, the reaction kinetics and polymerization conditions in two-step process of toluene diisocyante (TDI) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) with organo-tin mixed catalyst were investigated by di-n-butylamine back-titration. It was showed that the reaction obeyed the second-order equation of step-growth polymerization, the rate constants of TDI and PPG reaction at 50, 60 and 70°C were 0.0922, 0.3373 and 0.5828 kg•mol-1•min-1，respectively. The activation energy obtained from the result was 71

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Shafqat, Zahra, Nadia Munir, Naveed Inayat, Muhammad Adnan Khan, Muhammad Amber Fareed, and Muhammad Sohail Zafar. "Calcium Phosphate-Loaded Novel Polypropylene Glycol-Based Dental Resin Composites: Evaluation of In Vitro Bioactivity." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 4 (2023): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7040140.

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Objective: This study aimed to assess in vitro bioactivity of novel remineralizing dental composites loaded with calcium phosphate fillers and chlorhexidine in polypropylene glycol (PPG) resin matrix. Methods: The stock monomer was prepared by adding 69.75% urethane dimethacrylate and 23.25% of the polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate with silica fillers, chlorhexidine (5 wt%), and varying levels of calcium phosphate fillers. The study groups were BC (basic composite), commercial control, CHX-CP5, CHX-CP10, and CHX-CP15, respectively. Bioactivity was assessed by placing samples in the simulated

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Marijan, Marijan, Anamarija Mitar, Lejsa Jakupović, Jasna Prlić Kardum, and Marijana Zovko Končić. "Optimization of Bioactive Phenolics Extraction and Cosmeceutical Activity of Eco-Friendly Polypropylene-Glycol–Lactic-Acid-Based Extracts of Olive Leaf." Molecules 27, no. 2 (2022): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020529.

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Olive leaf is a rich source of phenolic compounds with numerous activities related to skin health and appearance. In this study, a green extraction method was developed using eco-friendly solvents: polypropylene glycol (PPG), lactic acid (LA), and water. The optimal extraction conditions were established, including solvent, extraction time, technique (magnetic stirrer vs. ultrasound-assisted extraction), and herbal material/solvent ratio. The composition of the solvent mixture was optimized using a mixture design. The content of phenolic compounds, including oleuropein and verbascoside, was de

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Raja, Pada Mulia. "KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT POLIURETAN DENGAN PENGISI (FILLER) MIKRO KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT." Jurnal Agro Fabrica 2, no. 1 (2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47199/jaf.v2i1.133.

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Polyurethane is a type of polymer made by reacting polyol (OH) groups with isocyanate (NCO) groups. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of a mixture of polyol and toluene sources as well as by adding the composition of activated carbon of palm shell as a filler to determine the best results. The materials used in making composites are PPG (Polypropylene Glycol), TDI (Toluent DiIsocyanate) and Palm Oil Shell Activated Carbon. Palm shells are carbonated at 600 ◦C, then made into powder using a ball mill and then sieved with 110 mesh particle sieve and activated u

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Pada Mulia Raja. "KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT POLIURETAN DENGAN PENGISI (FILLER) MIKRO KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG KELAPA: Actived Carbon." Jurnal Agro Fabrica 2, no. 1 (2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47199/jaf.v2i1.130.

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Polyurethane is a type of polymer made by reacting polyol (OH) groups with isocyanate (NCO) groups. Thepurpose of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of a mixture of polyol and toluene sourcesas well as by adding the composition of activated carbon of palm shell as a filler to determine the best results.The materials used in making composites are PPG (Polypropylene Glycol), TDI (Toluent DiIsocyanate) andPalm Oil Shell Activated Carbon. Palm shells are carbonated at 600 ◦C, then made into powder using a ballmill and then sieved with 110 mesh particle sieve and activated using

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Sun, Eun-Kyu, Ook Choi, and Tae-Hyun Kim. "Carbon Dioxide Separation Performance Improvement of Gas Separation Membrane Attributed by Forming Triazine in PIM-1 and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)/Polypropylene Glycol (PPG)." Membrane Journal 34, no. 6 (2024): 399–413. https://doi.org/10.14579/membrane_journal.2024.34.6.399.

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Jebreili, Nasrin, Elaheh Janbezar, Mohammed Taghi Zafarani-Moattar, Hemayat Shekaari, and Behrang Golmohammadi. "Study of thermodynamic, transport and volumetric properties of nanofluids containing ZrO₂ nanoparticles in polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and water." RSC Advances 14, no. 45 (2024): 33471–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra05886k.

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