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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Pressure time integrals"

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Claisse, Penny J., Jodi Binning, and Julia Potter. "Effect of Orthotic Therapy on Claw Toe Loading." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 94, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0940246.

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This study demonstrates the effect of orthotic therapy for toe deformity on toe and metatarsal head pressures using a new analysis method facilitated by an in-shoe pressure-measurement system’s ability to export detailed data. Plantar pressure–time integrals in 11 individuals (22 feet) with claw deformity of the lesser toes were measured with and without toe props. Differences in pressure–time integrals at every individual sensor unit were then calculated for the two conditions, and significance was tested using the paired t-test. Plantar surface charts with contours of equal significant press
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Naraghi, Reza, Linda Slack-Smith, and Alan Bryant. "Plantar Pressure Measurements and Geometric Analysis of Patients With and Without Morton’s Neuroma." Foot & Ankle International 39, no. 7 (April 11, 2018): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100718766553.

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Background: The purpose of this research was to see if there were any differences in peak pressure, contact time, pressure-time integrals, and geometric variables such as forefoot width, foot length, coefficient of spreading, and arch index between subjects with Morton’s neuroma (MN) and control subjects. Methods: Dynamic peak plantar pressure, contact time, pressure-time integral, and geometric data were extracted using the EMED-X platform in 52 subjects with MN and 31 control subjects. Differences in peak pressure, contact time, pressure-time integral, and geometric data between participants
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Tong, Jasper W. K., U. Rajendra Acharya, Kuang C. Chua, and Peck H. Tan. "In-shoe Plantar Pressure Distribution in Nonneuropathic Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Singapore." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 101, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1010509.

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Background: We sought to establish the in-shoe plantar pressure distribution during normal level walking in type 2 diabetic patients of Chinese, Indian, and Malay descent without clinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy. Methods: Thirty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without loss of tactile sensation and foot deformities and 38 nondiabetic individuals in a control group had in-shoe plantar pressures collected. Maximum peak pressure and peak pressure-time integral of each foot were analyzed as separate variables and were masked into 13 areas. Differences in pressure variables wer
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Borg, Iona, Stephen Mizzi, and Cynthia Formosa. "Plantar Pressure Distribution in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and a First-Ray Amputation." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 108, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/16-021.

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Background: Elevated dynamic plantar pressures are a consistent finding in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy, with implications for plantar foot ulceration. This study aimed to investigate whether a first-ray amputation affects plantar pressures and plantar pressure distribution patterns in individuals living with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. Methods: A nonexperimental matched-subject design was conducted. Twenty patients living with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy were recruited. Group 1 (n = 10) had a first-ray amputation and group 2 (n = 10) had an intact foot with no h
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Štefan, Lovro, Mario Kasović, and Martin Zvonar. "Association between the levels of physical activity and plantar pressure in 6-14-year-old children." PeerJ 8 (February 14, 2020): e8551. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8551.

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Background The main purpose of the study was to determine whether lower levels of physical activity were associated with higher plantar pressure generated under each foot. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 641 children aged 6–14 years (agemean ± SD = 9.7 ± 2.4 years; heightmean ± SD = 143.6 ± 15.3 cm, weightmean ± SD = 37.6 ± 13.4 kg; body-mass indexmean ± SD = 17.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2; 44.2% girls). We used EMED –XL pressure platform to measure force time integral, pressure-time integral, contact-time and contact area, peak plantar pressure and mean plantar pressure of the right and
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Chang, An-Hsiung, Ziad U. Abu-Faraj, Gerald F. Harris, Joe Nery, and Michael J. Shereff. "Multistep Measurement of Plantar Pressure Alterations Using Metatarsal Pads." Foot & Ankle International 15, no. 12 (December 1994): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079401501205.

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Metatarsal pads are frequently prescribed for nonoperative management of metatarsalgia due to various etiologies. When appropriately placed, they are effective in reducing pressures under the metatarsal heads on the plantar surface of the foot. Despite the positive clinical reports that have been cited, there are no quantitative studies documenting the load redistribution effects of these pads during multiple step usage within the shoe environment. The objective of this study was to assess changes in plantar pressure metrics resulting from pad use. Ten normal adult male subjects were tested du
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Prats, Michael, Lidia Lucely Meneses-P., Fernando Samaniego-V., and Ricardo Pacheco-V. "Pressure Buildup in a Well Produced at Constant Pressure." SPE Journal 25, no. 04 (May 20, 2020): 1578–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201111-pa.

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Summary Dimensionless analytic expressions of the well-pressure buildup resulting from shutting in a well after producing it at constant pressure were obtained, in both Laplace space and time, using different mathematical approaches to solve the pertinent differential equations, including the effects of both wellbore storage and skin damage. Such a pressure response is said to have been obtained at constant-pressure-buildup (CPBU) conditions. The well, represented by a cylindrical source of nonzero radius, produces a single compressible fluid from an infinite and homogeneous reservoir. For a v
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Maiwald, Christian, Stefan Grau, Inga Krauss, Marlene Mauch, Detlef Axmann, and Thomas Horstmann. "Reproducibility of Plantar Pressure Distribution Data in Barefoot Running." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 24, no. 1 (February 2008): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.24.1.14.

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The aim of this study was to provide detailed information on rationales, calculations, and results of common methods used to quantify reproducibility in plantar pressure variables. Recreational runners (N = 95) performed multiple barefoot running trials in a laboratory setup, and pressure variables were analyzed in nine distinct subareas of the foot. Reproducibility was assessed by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and the root mean square error (RMSE). Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.58 to 0.99, depending on the respective variable and type of ICC. Root m
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Rome, Keith, David George Survepalli, Maria Lobo, Nicola Dalbeth, Fiona McQueen, and Peter J. McNair. "Evaluating Intratester Reliability of Manual Masking of Plantar Pressure Measurements Associated with Chronic Gout." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 101, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1010424.

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Background: Plantar pressure measurements are commonly used to evaluate foot function in chronic musculoskeletal conditions. However, manually identifying anatomical landmarks is a source of measurement error and can produce unreliable data. The aim of this study was to evaluate intratester reliability associated with manual masking of plantar pressure measurements in patients with gout. Methods: Twenty-five patients with chronic gout (mean disease duration, 22 years) were recruited from rheumatology outpatient clinics. Patients were excluded if they were experiencing an acute gout flare at th
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Coates, P. D., and R. G. Speight. "Towards Intelligent Process Control of Injection Moulding of Polymers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 209, no. 5 (October 1995): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_095_02.

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Steps towards process control of the complex, multi-variable injection moulding process are presented. In-process measurements, in particular melt and hydraulic pressures in the primary injection stage, are shown to provide a sensitive means of monitoring changes in the process and changes in the polymer feedstock. Correlations have been observed between real time process measurements, in the form of specific time integrals of melt and hydraulic pressure, and product quality measures, such as product weight or dimensions. The research has been validated in both scientific laboratory and factor
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Pressure time integrals"

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Duffin, Anthony C., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Structural and functional changes in the feet of young people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Duffin_A.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/408.

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Diabetes can affect the structure and function of the foot, resulting in severe limitation of mobility and reduction of life expectancy. Early warning signs include limited joint mobility (LJM), soft tissue changes, high plantar pressure (HPP), high pressure time integrals (P/TI) and plantar callus. These abnormalities were examined in 216 young people with diabetes and 57 controls. The fingers, toes, ankle subtalar and first metatarsophalangeal joints shows reduced motion and the plantar aponeurosis was thicker in diabetic subjects. Skin thickness was the same for diabetic and control subject
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Duffin, Anthony C. "Structural and functional changes in the feet of young people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/408.

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Diabetes can affect the structure and function of the foot, resulting in severe limitation of mobility and reduction of life expectancy. Early warning signs include limited joint mobility (LJM), soft tissue changes, high plantar pressure (HPP), high pressure time integrals (P/TI) and plantar callus. These abnormalities were examined in 216 young people with diabetes and 57 controls. The fingers, toes, ankle subtalar and first metatarsophalangeal joints shows reduced motion and the plantar aponeurosis was thicker in diabetic subjects. Skin thickness was the same for diabetic and control subject
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Okeng'o, Geoffrey Onchong’a. "A theoretical study of stellart pulsations in young brown dwarfs." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4946_1308548503.

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<p>This thesis reports the results of a twofold study on the recently proposed phenomenon of &lsquo<br>stellar pulsations&rsquo<br>in young brown dwarfs by the seminal study of Palla and Baraffe (2005) (PB05, thereafter). The PB05 study presents results of a non-adiabatic linear stability analysis showing that young brown dwarfs should become pulsationally unstable during the deuterium burning phase of their evolution.</p>
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Książki na temat "Pressure time integrals"

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Read, Matthew, and Christopher V. Maani. Procedures in the Adult and Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495756.003.0028.

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Bedside procedures in the ICU are an integral component of critical care medicine. Anesthesiologists who are assigned to the ICU must adapt principles of safe and effective anesthesia practice to this novel outside-of-the-operating-room environment. There are several reasons for surgical procedures to sometimes be performed at the bedside in the ICU, such as the avoidance of transporting unstable patients from the ICU to the OR, or the lack of adequate time to mobilize resources to perform an urgent procedure in the OR. Readiness of the entire ICU team is essential to avoid compromising care d
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Roche, Benjamin, Hélène Broutin, and Frédéric Simard, eds. Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789833.001.0001.

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During the last thirty years, the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases has been studied extensively. Understanding how pathogens are transmitted in time and space, how they are evolving according to different selective pressures, and how the environment can influence their transmission, has paved the way for new approaches to the study of host/pathogen interactions. At the same time, pathogen control in low-income countries (LIC) has tended to remain largely inspired and informed by classical epidemiology, where the objective is to treat as many people as possible, despite recent findi
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Części książek na temat "Pressure time integrals"

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Horng, J., XC Liu, J. Thometz, C. Tassone, and A. Duey-Holtz. "Evaluation of plantar pressures and center of pressure trajectories in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210451.

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been postulated to affect gait patterns and postural stability due to its effect on center of body mass. 1) Determine the correlation between Cobb angle and COP in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction, COP in the medial-lateral (ML) direction, COP oscillation (COP-O) from midline walking, peak pressures, and pressure-time integrals (loading) at 10 anatomic foot segments; 2) Determine the differences in COP-AP, COP-ML, COP-O, and peak plantar pressures at 10 anatomic foot segments between the normal group and the AIS group. All patients wore a gown to expose the posterior trunk and underwent evaluation with Formetric 4D (DIERS International GmbH, Schlangenbad, Germany) while walking on the treadmill at 2 km/hour for 15 seconds. A total of 24 pressure metrics at 10 anatomic foot segments were evaluated. We then analyzed the data using t-test and linear regression analyses.16 patients were assigned to a normal group (Cobb angle 10° or less, n=4) or AIS group (Cobb greater than 10°, n=12). Of note, AIS patients had statistically significant lower max. pressures at the hallux and the 2nd, 4th, 5th metatarsal head compared to the normal group. Additionally, there was a statistically significant linear association between Cobb angle and both hallux max. pressure and hallux pressure-time integral (P&lt;0.05). Reduced peak plantar pressures before the toe-off phase of gait cycle indicate that AIS patients may lean backwards and have posterior postural sway, which may be associated with hypokyphosis during walking.
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Koussios, Sotiris. "Integral Design for Filament Winding—Materials, Winding Patterns, and Roving Dimensions for Optimal Pressure Vessels." In Composite Filament Winding, 19–34. ASM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.cfw.t52860019.

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Abstract This chapter outlines a methodology for the design of cylindrical pressure vessels, with emphasis on the establishment of winding patterns and the interaction between the real fiber bed geometry (finite roving dimensions) and the theoretical one. To highlight the materials-shape/pattern-roving interaction, an outline of the basic principles of pressure vessel design is provided. After a short section on laminate thickness approximation techniques (essential for establishing a range of acceptable roving dimensions), the chapter concludes with an example demonstrating the methodology from an initial set of design parameters up to the final stage, including patterns, roving dimensions, and production time minimization.
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Buckley, Benjamin J. R., and Stephanie J. Finnie. "Non-pharmacological management of hypertension." In Hypertension (Oxford Cardiology Library) 3E, edited by Sunil K. Nadar and Gregory Y. H. Lip, 115–24. 3rd ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198870678.003.0013.

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Abstract The importance of a healthy lifestyle is well understood for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Numerous studies have emphasized the importance of lifestyle changes as an important component of lowering blood pressure in both patients with hypertension and pre-hypertension. Non-pharmacological interventions are an integral part of not only preventing and managing hypertension, but also reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The importance of physical activity, exercise training, and a healthy diet need to be re-emphasized as powerful primary and secondary preventive tools. Therefore, physicians and other healthcare practitioners must allow time with patients to discuss patient goals related to non-pharmacological and lifestyle modifications.
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Rose'Meyer, Roselyn, and Indu Singh. "Introduction and Current Status of Technology in Teaching and Learning of Allied Healthcare Students." In Emerging Technologies and Work-Integrated Learning Experiences in Allied Health Education, 1–11. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3850-9.ch001.

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Allied healthcare professionals are an integral part of multidisciplinary healthcare teams requiring highly skilled and competent members from every discipline. Clinical and allied health education in Australia is challenged by increasing student numbers, changing healthcare practices, and service pressures impacting the clinical training of students. There is a need to optimise the effectiveness and efficiency of the way students develop their professional skills. New technological approaches deliver student-centered education involving work-integrated learning. This chapter covers different strategies developed and implemented over time, merging various technologies in an innovative manner providing better standardized skills and competencies to more students within limited resources to prepare them for a global inter-professional multidisciplinary healthcare team providing efficient service to society. It will also provide future directions to adapt technology from the non-healthcare industry to healthcare training and share some strategies of bringing the workplace to the classroom.
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McKercher, Bob, and Bruce Prideaux. "Sustainability." In Tourism Theories, Concepts and Models. Goodfellow Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911635352-4730.

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During the early 1980s, it became apparent that major global environmental changes were occurring suddenly and silently and were only beginning to be recognized as an emerging threat by the global scientific community. Scholars and an increasing number of citizens became aware that there was a growing element of uncertainty and risk from human activities on global environments The establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) and endorsed later by the General Assembly of the United Nations was a major step in focusing the global community’s attention to the problem. At that time, moderate environmentalists were wrestling with the idea that we can live in a world where economic development and economic pressures for both developing and developed countries would continue. Short- term pressures to develop national economies (along with the social benefits that derive from it) were considered by policy makers to outweigh long-term potential impacts from that development process. In other words, we failed to ask the question of how can a sustainable economy be developed that integrates both industrial and ecological needs? More recently, advocates of degrowth suggest a more radical change to how the global economy functions. While it is unrealistic to suggest that the solution to our environmental woes would be to wind back the global economy, growing concerns about sea level rise, ecosystem collapse and the emergence of other global ecological crises challenge the idea that it is possible to promote economic growth while maintaining environmental protection. This chapter explores a range of issues related to sustainable development in general and sustainable tourism in particular. It begins with an overview of the concept of sustainable development before moving onto a discussion of sustainable tourism. The chapter then discusses the range of models and concepts that have been developed to monitor asustainability.
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Parlance, J. Y., and T. S. Steenhuis. "Soil Properties and Water Movement." In Vadose Zone Hydrology. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195109900.003.0008.

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For all spatial scales, from pore through local and field, to a watershed, interaction of the land surface with the atmosphere will be one of the crucial topics in hydrology and environmental sciences over the forthcoming years. The recent lack of water in many parts of the world shows that there is an urgent need to assess our knowledge on the soil moisture dynamics. The difficulty of parameterization of soil hydrological processes lies not only in the nonlinearity of the unsaturated flow equation but also in the mismatch between the scales of measurements and the scale of model predictions. Most standard measurements of soil physical parameters provide information only at the local scale and highlight the underlying variability in soil hydrological characteristics. The efficiency of soil characteristic parameterization for the field scale depends on the clear definition of the functional relationships and parameters to be measured, and on the development of possible methods for the determination of soil characteristics with a realistic use time and effort. The soil’s hydraulic properties that affect the flow behavior can be expressed by a soil water retention curve that describes the relation between volumetric water content, θ(L3L3), and soil water pressure, h(L), plus the relation between volumetric water content and hydraulic conductivity, K(L/T). In the next section, the determination of soil hydraulic parameters is first discussed for local and field scale. Then, we show how the pore-scale processes can be linked to soil hydraulic properties. These properties are then used in some of the modern methods that use integral and superposition solutions of Richards’ equation for infiltration and water flow problems for both stable and preferential types of flows. Finally, some practical aspects for watersheds are discussed to highlight the difficulties encountered when large-scale predictions are needed.
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Rahman, Hakikur. "Network Deployment for Social Benefits in Developing Countries." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 1048–54. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch141.

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For many reasons, the establishment of technology is crucial to socio-economic development, as well as increasing democratization of a nation. The technology is pervasive in nature, but the cost benefit together with the national urgency for its introduction through various applications mostly depends on the grass roots awareness and utilization of computers (interconnected computers) for the common people. Hence, the transferability and applicability of e-applications (e-learning, e-commerce, e-governance, e-health, etc.) must assured to be applied at their consistent state and best obtained by the congenial atmosphere at all levels of the policy making. The essential issues are that developing countries, faced with enormous social and economic pressures, must start to confirm consistent economic growth and at the same time accelerate broad-based technology deployment. In this aspect, low-ranking developing countries had to utilize every benefit of it in order to compete with others for a dominant share of the global ICT contribution. In order to realize this vision more efficiently and cost effectively, and to integrate increased human participation within the technology, governments must be proactive in prioritizing limited resources by appropriate planning: build the foundation for a rational expansion of the ICT sector into higher value-added services. In addition, the drive to transform countries into “knowledge-based” societies will necessitate intergovernmental, interagencies, intersocietal, as well as private sector cooperation, commitment, dedication, and partnership in the context of an overall framework for the logical development of the ICT sector. The positioning of suitable foundations requires a comprehensive national strategic vision with elaborate plans. They should ensure seamless interlinkages among all sectors and meaningful participation of all citizens in meeting the challenges to transform the human capital through establishment of various e-applications. At the same time, pervasive education/skill development and the provision for life long learning has to be interlaced within all sectors. As the technology is ever renewing, especially in developing countries, the inadequacy of proper management structure and the scarcity of suitably trained managers deserve immediate attention. This article emphasizes broad-based utilization of ICT applications for social developments, focuses on issues and challenges of their implementations with various usages, and provides a brief discussion on a few cases on networked applications.
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Potts, Charlotte R. "The decoration of early shrines and temples." In Religious Architecture in Latium and Etruria, c. 900-500 BC. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722076.003.0011.

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An integral part of the transition from ‘huts’ to ‘houses’ in the seventh and early sixth century BC was the adoption of a new roofing system using wooden beams and terracotta tiles instead of traditional thatch. The two elements of the new system formed an integrated unit, with special tiles designed and positioned to protect the perishable wooden beams from rain, wind, and fire; many also carried painted and moulded decorations that have encouraged study of their iconography as well as function. The disappearance of wooden trusses and supporting mud-brick walls from the archaeological record means that thousands of these durable tiles and architectural terracottas now comprise the primary evidence for the size, form, and decoration of many early Etruscan and Latial superstructures. Excavations in the last seventy years have yielded new information about the distribution of the decorative elements of these roofs in Etruria and Latium, and in particular about the different types of buildings on which they appeared. It is clear that architectural terracottas were initially placed on a wide variety of buildings, unlike their Greek counterparts, but gradually became the preserve of religious architecture. This chapter will examine the nature and location of these roofs, their imagery, and explanations for their increasingly limited use. As such it will offer a detailed analysis of the process by which terracottas became a means of differentiating religious buildings from vernacular architecture during the sixth century BC. Tile production appears to have begun in central Italy by the middle of the seventh century BC and can be associated with significant changes in society and economy. With an approximate weight of 60 kilograms per square metre for tiles and up to 85 kilograms per square metre for the supporting roof beams, the downward and outward pressure of tiled roofs had to be countered with strong, preferably stonebased, walls following rectangular or square plans, the careful selection of timbers to span greater distances, and specialized craftsmen to make, fit, and repair the roofs. All of these factors imply more sedentary communities than hut architecture, growing technical infrastructure, and an ability and readiness to invest in the greater capital expense of a tiled roof.
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Daly, Blánaid, Paul Batchelor, Elizabeth Treasure, and Richard Watt. "Planning dental services." In Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0028.

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Planning is an integral part of dental care provision that can operate at many different levels. At a national level, government NHS policy impacts upon dental services in different ways. For example, in the General Dental Service, patient charge bands in England are currently set by the government. In the future, at the national level, the National Health Service Commissioning Board (NHSCB) will determine national policy and national delivery requirements. The NHSCB will be responsible for commissioning primary dental services and contractual arrangements with dentists. At the Health and Wellbeing Board (HWB) level in England, planners (in conjunction with general medical practioner (GMP) consortia/clinical care commissioning groups (CCGs)) will make decisions over the priorities for local services, and the types and range of services offered locally. Within a dental practice, dental practitioners and their team members may develop a range of practice policies aimed at improving the services provided. Finally, every day clinicians develop treatment plans for individual patient care based upon their oral health needs. All these activities are planning in action. This chapter will examine the basic principles of planning, and review the different steps in the planning process. At the most basic level, planning aims to guide choices so that decisions are made in the best manner to reach the desired outcomes. Planning provides a guide and structure to the process of decision-making to maximize results within the limited resources available. Is planning really necessary when there are so many other demands on practitioners’ time? Planning can be justified for the following reasons: . . . ● It provides an opportunity to be proactive in decision-making rather than constantly reacting to pressures and demands. . . . . . . ● It enables priorities to be set. . . . . . . ● It identifies where resources can be directed to have the greatest impact. . . . Various planning models have been proposed to act as a guide to the different steps in the planning process. The rational planning model provides a basic guide to the process (McCarthy 1982), and involves the following steps: . . . 1 Assessment of need: e.g. identification of the oral health problems and concerns of the population. . . . . . . 2 Identifying priorities: agreeing the target areas for action. . . .
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"Propagated Fish in Resource Management." In Propagated Fish in Resource Management, edited by JAMES R. JACKSON, JEFF C. BOXRUCKER, and DAVID W. WILLIS. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569698.ch10.

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&lt;em&gt;Abstract.&lt;/em&gt;—The use of cultured fishes by fisheries agencies is a long-standing management technique. In recent decades, however, potential negative impacts of fish stocking programs have received increased attention, particularly as they affect native fish communities and the genetic integrity of wild fish populations. In 1994, a facilitated workshop was organized to develop recommended procedures for the use of cultured fishes that would be compatible with these broader environmental concerns. We administered a survey to state and provincial fisheries management agencies in the United States and Canada to determine the current status of fish culture and stocking programs and assess progress toward adoption of these procedures. With 54 of 62 agencies reporting, our results indicated that stocking programs continue to be an integral part of management programs, but that substantial progress has been made toward addressing concerns about potential negative effects of cultured fishes. The percentage of responding agencies reporting use of management plans in which stocking was considered as part of a larger management program more than doubled in the years since 1980. Consistent with this finding, agency emphasis on alternative management approaches was evidenced by a twofold greater increase in expenditures on habitat management programs relative to culture programs in six agencies that provided budget figures. The percentage of responding agencies evaluating appropriateness of stocking through the use of formal criteria on at least half the waters where cultured fish were used tripled since 1980, and decisions not to stock due to potential impacts on biodiversity or the genetic integrity of recipient fish communities were reported to be four times more likely today than in 1980. Emphasis on the use of native fishes in stocking programs since 1980 was reported to have increased for more than half the agencies responding to our survey, and the number of agencies reporting development of broodstock plans for at least some of the species they cultured also doubled since 1980. Agency perceptions of angler attitudes concerning the importance of stocking indicated that the percentage of anglers who believed that stocking was the primary or only solution to low fish abundance remained high, at 61%, a decline of only 27% from reported attitudes in 1980. While positive strides have been made by agencies toward more careful evaluation of the appropriateness of stocking for achieving management objectives and in the institution of programs to minimize impacts of cultured fishes, these policies have not been adopted by all agencies, nor are they routinely used on all stocked waters by the agencies that have them. To make continued progress, agencies may be required to make difficult decisions regarding allocation of funding, and a more concerted effort to educate anglers and reduce public pressure for stockings will be needed to create an atmosphere where reduced emphasis on stocking is possible. The American Fisheries Society should play a continuing role in providing opportunities for scientists and policy makers to interact and discuss prevailing and emerging issues relative to the use of propagated fishes in resource management.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Pressure time integrals"

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Gommerstadt, B. Y. "The J and M Integrals for a Cylindrical Cavity in a Time-Harmonic Wave Field." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65353.

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The invariant integrals are being widely used in the study of defects and fracture mechanics, mostly in elastostatics. However, the properties and the interpretation of these integrals in elastodynamics, especially in the case of time-harmonic excitation, have remained unexplored. Their study has a variety of engineering and geophysical implications, in particular, for the further development of non-destructive evaluation techniques. This contribution is focused on the derivation of the time average J integral for a cylindrical inhomogeneity and M integral for a cylindrical cavity placed in a
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Apte, Shrinivas G., and Brian H. Dennis. "Pseudo Compressible Mixed Interpolation Finite Element Method for Solving Three Dimensional Navier-Stokes Equations." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13484.

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A pseudo compressible finite element method for solving three dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. A physical problem discretized using tetrahedral elements with linear and quadratic interpolation functions for pressure and velocity variables respectively is then marched in time by using implicit time marching scheme based on finite differencing. The possible formation of indefinite matrix due to incompressibility constraint is avoided by inserting an artificial/pseudo time dependent term (Chorin, 1974) into the continuity equation that is eliminated when steady sta
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Toyoshima, Manabu, and Chikahiro Minowa. "Discussion on Two Times Integral Displacements of Strong Ground Motion Records and Shaking Table Data." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1821.

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In this paper, two times integral of acceleration record was discussed by the use of strong earthquake motion data; recorded in the 1999 Kocaeli (Turkey) Earthquake data. Usually, the two times integral displacements of horizontal seismic acceleration records will diverge. It was estimated for the integral displacement to diverge by the baseline shift caused on sensor tilting during quake. The data was simulated in 3 dimensional and 6 freedom shaking table. The divergent process of seismic data and shaking table data were studied.
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Funai, Madoka, Osamu Watanabe, and Akihiro Matsuda. "Inelastic FE Analysis for J-Integral of Center-Cracked Plate in Creep-Fatigue Range." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28605.

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In order to estimate crack growth rate, it is necessary to use increments of the J-integral for both of time-independent fatigue process and time-dependent creep process. Many researchers and methodologies use C* to characterize creep crack growth and ΔJ or ΔK for fatigue crack growth, suggested are the following Refs.[1,2] This paper shows the fundamental features of J-integral in elastic, plastic and creep range. The path dependency is studied for center-cracked plate by using path integral from the large path to the small path near crack tip. The inelastic FE analysis is carried out for cre
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Mohamed, Bassel Y., and Tamer I. Eid. "Analytical Comparison Between Separate Reinforcement Nozzle and Integral Reinforcement Nozzle Behaviors Under Cyclic Loading." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63318.

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ASME code explicitly addresses design for fatigue due to pressure or temperature cycles. Protection against fatigue failure due to cyclic external mechanical loads (e.g. piping loads) is not tackled in depth. This paper provides a less-tedious yet fit-for-purpose approach to evaluate the effect of cyclic external mechanical loads as well as the pressure fluctuations — as a result of piping slug flow — on nozzles fatigue life. The evaluation compares between two types of nozzles construction (configuration); separate reinforcement nozzle and readily radiographed (lip type) integrally reinforced
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Williams, Bruce W., William R. Tyson, C. Hari M. Simha, and Bogdan Wasiluk. "Specimen Curvature and Size Effects on Crack Growth Resistance From Compact Tension Specimens of CANDU Pressure Tubes." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93318.

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Abstract CSA Standard N285.8 requires leak-before-break and fracture protection for Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes in operating CANDU reactors. In-service deuterium uptake causes the formation of hydrides, which can result in additional variability and reduction of fracture toughness. Pressure tube fracture toughness is assessed mainly through rising pressure tube section burst tests. Given the length of the ex-service pressure tubes required for burst testing and the requirement to increase the hydrogen content of irradiated ex-service pressure tubes, only a limited number of burst tests can be perf
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Funai, Madoka, Osamu Watanabe, and Akihiro Matsuda. "Estimation of Crack Growth Rate by J-Integral Range for Type SUS304 Stainless Steel Plate in Creep-Fatigue Tests at High Temperature." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28598.

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In structures having stress concentration under cyclic loading, a small crack initiates and it grows and propagates. Evaluating crack growth is important to estimate the remaining life of cracked components. The present paper shows the estimation of crack growth rate under creep-fatigue loading with some patterns of strain holding times. Creep-fatigue tests of the perforated plate having initial crack were conducted with the different strain holding time under strain-controlled loading at 550°C. The crack growth was observed from the photographs taken at each cycle. The crack growth per one cy
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Chang, Shuenn-Yih, and Chiu-Li Huang. "Time Integration Method With Structure-Dependent Difference Equations." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97044.

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A novel family of structure-dependent integration method is proposed for time integration. This family method can have the possibility of unconditional stability, second-order accuracy and the explicitness of each time step. Since it can integrate the most important advantage of an implicit method, unconditional stability, and that of an explicit method, the explicitness of each time step, a lot of computational efforts can be saved in solving an inertial type problem, where the total response is dominated by low frequency modes and high frequency responses are of no interest.
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Orynyak, Igor, and Andrii Oryniak. "Computational Aspect of Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics Application." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45838.

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The development of powerful commercial computer programs made the concept of J-integral as computational parameter of fracture mechanics to be a very attractive one. It is equivalent to SIF in linear case, it converges in numerical calculation and the same results are obtained by different codes (programs). Besides, it is widely thought that elastic-plastic analysis gives bigger values than elastic SIF ones what is good from regulatory point of view. Such stand was reflected in the recommended by IAEA TECDOC 1627 (February 2010) devoted to pressurized thermal shock analysis of reactor pressure
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Oh, Chang-Young, Tae-Kwang Song, and Yun-Jae Kim. "An Estimation of C(t) of Transient Creep Under Combined Mechanical and Thermal Stresses." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25372.

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In this paper, a prediction of C(t), a crack tip parameter for the transient creep condition, for the circumferential cracked pipe under combined mechanical and thermal stresses are presented. The estimation formulae for C(t)-integral of the cracked component operating under mechanical load alone have been provided for decades [1–6]. However, high temperature structures usually work under combined mechanical and thermal load. And the interactions between mechanical and thermal loads make the relaxation rate different from those produced under mechanical load alone. In this study, 3-dimensional
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Pressure time integrals"

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Delwiche, Michael, Boaz Zion, Robert BonDurant, Judith Rishpon, Ephraim Maltz, and Miriam Rosenberg. Biosensors for On-Line Measurement of Reproductive Hormones and Milk Proteins to Improve Dairy Herd Management. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573998.bard.

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The original objectives of this research project were to: (1) develop immunoassays, photometric sensors, and electrochemical sensors for real-time measurement of progesterone and estradiol in milk, (2) develop biosensors for measurement of caseins in milk, and (3) integrate and adapt these sensor technologies to create an automated electronic sensing system for operation in dairy parlors during milking. The overall direction of research was not changed, although the work was expanded to include other milk components such as urea and lactose. A second generation biosensor for on-line measuremen
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Wideman, Jr., Robert F., Nicholas B. Anthony, Avigdor Cahaner, Alan Shlosberg, Michel Bellaiche, and William B. Roush. Integrated Approach to Evaluating Inherited Predictors of Resistance to Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (Ascites) in Fast Growing Broiler Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575287.bard.

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Background PHS (pulmonary hypertension syndrome, ascites syndrome) is a serious cause of loss in the broiler industry, and is a prime example of an undesirable side effect of successful genetic development that may be deleteriously manifested by factors in the environment of growing broilers. Basically, continuous and pinpointed selection for rapid growth in broilers has led to higher oxygen demand and consequently to more frequent manifestation of an inherent potential cardiopulmonary incapability to sufficiently oxygenate the arterial blood. The multifaceted causes and modifiers of PHS make
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