Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Price Level

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Price Level”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 18 maja 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Price Level"

Gerberding, Christina, Rafael Gerke i Felix Hammermann. "Price-level targeting when there is price-level drift". Journal of Macroeconomics 34, nr 3 (wrzesień 2012): 757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2012.05.006.

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Cui, Nana, Hengyu Gu, Tiyan Shen i Changchun Feng. "The Impact of Micro-Level Influencing Factors on Home Value: A Housing Price-Rent Comparison". Sustainability 10, nr 12 (22.11.2018): 4343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124343.

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The housing sales market in China has flourished and gained considerable interest, while the housing rental market has lagged behind and been ignored over the past two decades. With the acceleration of urbanization, the housing rental demand is rising rapidly. Exploring and comparing the influencing factors on housing sale prices and rental prices has significance for sustainable urban planning and management. Using house purchase transaction and rent transaction data in 2017, as well as the average housing price and rent data in 2016 in Beijing, China, this paper compares the spatial distribution and it employs the hedonic price model and quantile regression model to quantify the average and distributional effects of micro-level influencing factors on housing prices and housing rents. Results show that housing prices and housing rents both have a decentralized distribution with multiple centers, but rents of residential communities with high housing prices may not necessarily be high. Both homeowners and renters prefer properties with good structural, locational, and neighborhood characteristics, as well as a good school attendance zone, whereas they still differ in terms of preferences. Homeowners prefer a higher-quality living environment. Renters are more concerned with proximity to an employment center and public transit convenience. Moreover, the price premium of school quality for homeowners exceeds the premium for renters. Higher-priced homeowners or renters differ in the preferences from lower-priced homeowners or renters. Higher-priced homeowners and higher-priced renters are more willing to live in property with a larger number of bedrooms, proximity to a major employment center, park, or school, as well as a location in a school attendance zone with higher school quality.

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Wang, Qiming. "Evolution of integer price clustering of IPOs in the aftermarket". Nankai Business Review International 5, nr 4 (28.10.2014): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-01-2014-0008.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to, using a large sample of NASDAQ initial public offerings (IPOs), examine the evolution of integer price clustering of IPOs in the aftermarket trading. Design/methodology/approach – Consistent with Harris’s (1991) costly negotiation hypothesis, clustering on integer prices is a positive function of price level and various stock valuation uncertainty proxies, and it is a negative function of trading activities for IPOs and seasoned stocks. Findings – It was found that, after controlling for price level, daily return volatility, number of trades, trading volume, number of market makers and the effect of price support, the integer price frequency of IPOs converge to that of seasoned stocks immediately, and whether IPOs have integer offer prices does not affect their integer price clustering in the aftermarket trading after the effect of price support is controlled for. Originality/value – These results suggest that the IPO pricing process significantly reduce the differences between integer priced IPOs and non-integer priced IPOs in pre-offering valuation uncertainty.

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Tripathi, Avinash, i Neeraj Pandey. "Does impact of price endings differ for the non-green and green products? Role of product categories and price levels". Journal of Consumer Marketing 35, nr 2 (19.03.2018): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2016-1838.

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Purpose The discount image associated with odd-ending prices has led to its extensive use by retailers. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts and applications of nine-ending vs round-ending prices on the purchase of green and non-green products at different price levels and under different purchase motivations. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments are conducted. The first experiment is a 2 (price ending: nine-ending vs round-ending) × 2 (product appeal: green vs non-green) between-subjects study; the second experiment is a 2 (price ending: nine-ending vs round-ending) × 2 (price level: low price vs high price) × 2 (product appeal: green vs non-green) between-subjects study; and the third experiment examined buyers’ preferences of price endings regarding the purchase of green products having either utility (utilitarian) or pleasure (hedonic) motivation. Findings This research highlights that consumers prefer zero-ending prices for green products and pleasure motivation products, but they prefer odd endings for low-priced and utilitarian products. These results support the increased reception of round-ending prices. Accordingly, this study contributes to the literature by providing a boundary condition for odd-ending prices. Specifically, the study finds that the effect of nine-ending prices becomes weaker as the price of the product increases. Practical implications The findings of this study have practical implications for managers, as the results indicate that pricing green products and high-quality perception products using round digits and pricing low-priced and utility perception products using odd digits will increase consumers’ purchase intentions. Moreover, pricing the products using round-ending prices will reduce the perception of low quality and deter brand loyalty emanating from a low-priced/discount image of a product. Originality/value This research contributes to theoretical and practical aspects of behavioural pricing literature. This research uncovers the buyers’ distinct preferences for zero-ending prices and odd-ending prices when purchasing different products based on different motivations and varied price levels. This is the first research of its kind to explore and compare the impact of psychological pricing on green products. The study also resolves a contradiction in past literature regarding the use of nine-ending prices by providing boundary conditions.

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Černíková, R. "Influence of price level of imported wine on competition in the wine-production sector in the Czech Republic". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 7 (24.02.2012): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5209-agricecon.

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The paper is a part of solution of the grant awarded by the Ministry of Agriculture (NAZV) No. QF 3276 and analyzes the influence of the price level of imported bottled wine on the competition in the wine-production sector in the Czech Republic. The comparison of the industrial producers’ prices in the Czech Republic with the average import prices of bottled wine in particular years brings us to conclusion that a threat for Czech producers is first the price of the imported table wine (white and red) at present. The average import prices of this wine category varied under the minimal average industrial producers’ prices in 1998–2003. The average import price of the white table wine in containers up to 2 liters was 19 CZK per liter in 2003 and the minimal average industrial producers’ price was 26.90 CZK per liter in the same year. The price level is higher in case of the red table wine in general, but the average annual import prices (in 2003, 23 CZK per liter) also varied under the minimal average industrial producers’ prices in all analyzed years (in 2003, 29.70 CZK per liter). The situation is more positive for the Czech wine producers in case of the quality wine. There is a space for an increase in price. The average import prices were by 25 CZK per liter per year higher in average than the maximal industrial producers’ prices in the Czech Republic in all analyzed years. However, while the average annual import price of the white quality wine increases (50 CZK per liter in 1998; 93 CZK per liter in 2003) and creates a bigger space for the Czech wine producers in the price policy, the average annual import prices of the red quality wine varied around 80 CZK per liter in all analyzed years.

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Blake, Jay Peter, i Behrooz Gharleghi. "The Ripple Effect at an inter-suburban level in the Sydney Metropolitan area". International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, nr 1 (5.02.2018): 2–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-05-2017-0054.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the Ripple Effect of house prices at an inter-suburban level of analysis in the Sydney metropolitan area. By doing this, more practical information of price transmission can be provided to improve residential real estate purchasing decisions of market participants. Equity from residential real estate is a major component of household wealth and is frequently used to improve and upgrade homes. With the ever-increasing prices of real estate in Sydney making more efficient purchasing decisions can grow this wealth quicker allowing a household to obtain financial related goals at a quicker pace. Design/methodology/approach Using a two-stage sampling technique strings of adjoining suburbs from different Sydney regions were analysed using a combination of price graphs, Engle–Granger and Johansen co-integration techniques and Granger causality tests. Findings Pairwise co-integration was lacking throughout the various suburb strings, whereas multivariate co-integration was found in the lower priced areas further from the central business district, as these areas also experience less price volatility. The geographical location of suburbs therefore plays an important role in the ability to predict an individual suburb’s price movements. For a prominent Ripple Effect to exist at this level the best conditions would consist of a singular demand centre with restricted geographical space to which this demand can spread. Causal pathways were subsequently mapped for each suburb string identifying price transmission pathways and confirming support that while the standard Ripple Effect does not exist at an inter-suburban level, it is still possible to predict price movements by considering the price behaviour of surrounding suburbs. Originality/value This paper adds to the literature by examining the Ripple Effect across different suburbs in Sydney. This is done via an extensive search through the literature and analysing recent real estate data.

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Guo, Hongfei, Hao Jiang, Weijian Zhang, Fuqian Cui, Ru Zhang, Zhihui He, Yitao Lun, Qiufan Chen i Qiufan Chen. "Real Estate Level Forecasting - Review". Business, Management and Economics Research, nr 54 (24.04.2019): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/bmer.54.57.61.

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With China’s rapid economic growth in recent years and the acceleration of urbanization, the real estate price has also shown a substantial increase, especially the housing prices have always been high in first-tier cities. This paper systematically combs the research on the factors affecting house price and the forecasting method of house price at home and abroad, and puts forward some suggestions on the regulation and control of real estate price in our country. It also points out the deficiency of data statistics and research perspective in empirical research. On this basis, it is proposed that we should strengthen the scientificalness and comprehensiveness of the empirical data, put forward a reasonable and appropriate hierarchical classification method for influencing factors, make clear the importance and coupling mechanism of each level, and excavate the dominant influencing factors.

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Gui, Shu Sen, Hai Lin Mu i Nan Li. "Study on Effect of Oil Price Rising on China’s General Price Level". Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (październik 2011): 3836–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3836.

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This paper analyzes and evaluates the oil price change on effects of China’s general price level and economic sectors’ price level by adopting the input-output price model and input-output of China in 2007. In the case of oil price rise 100%: Compare with the results over the years show that oil price impact on the whole society increased year by year, and the rate of increase present accelerated tendency; Compare with the other energy sector, the impact of oil prices level is generally lower than the price of electricity and heat levels.

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IONESCU, Catinca-Elena, i Mattia MEGGIOLARO. "CUSTOMER AWARENESS LEVEL OF COFFEE PRICE FLUCTUATIONS". BUSINESS EXCELLENCE AND MANAGEMENT 12, nr 4 (15.12.2022): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/beman/2022.12.4-02.

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Based on what we have witnessed in the last two years from several uncontrollable factors, such as natural disasters, disease pandemics and wars, it is worth exploring the potential rising prices of coffee-based products in the future. This research aims to find out people’s perceptions about the actual prices of coffee and their reasoning for their continuous financial contribution to the coffee-based industry. It is also looking for solutions regarding a suitable increase in the price range to maintain customer interest in coffee-based products in the Romanian market. Presuming that the target customers have already noticed the change in prices, different data-gathering methods come into effect to determine the level of awareness that a regular customer has regarding said price fluctuations. This will aid in providing answers to our research problem: How much can the prices be increased before profits drop significantly? The research sample consisted of 22 international people and the data found was processed to obtain the best accuracy of the results, in SPSS.

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Abdullahi, Ibrahim Alhaji, Nteegah, Alwell i Kalu, Ijeoma. "Petroleum Products Pricing and Price Stability in Nigeria: An ARDL Investigation". Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports 18, nr 5 (15.04.2024): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5647.

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This study employed the Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) technique to investigate the effect of petroleum products pricing on price level in Nigeria over the period 1990 – 2022. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, data on inflation rate, price of premium motor spirit, price of automotive gas oil, price of household kerosene, price of compressed natural gas and price of crude oil were sourced from secondary source. The results of our analysis revealed that: in the long run, prices of Premium motor spirit and compressed natural gas retarded inflation level marginally while prices of automotive gas oil, dual purpose kerosene and crude oil spurred general price level marginally. Prices of premium motor spirit and compressed natural gas fueled inflation in the short run significantly while prices of automotive gas oil and crude retarded general price level. Price of dual-purpose kerosene had mixed but significant effect on price level. The study also found that a long run nexus existed between petroleum product prices and price level in Nigeria. Petroleum product prices had serious implications on the Nigeria’s economy in the short run than long run. Based on this conclusion, the study recommended Increase investment in the downstream petroleum sector and strengthening existing policies in the oil and gas sector as possible measures towards stabilizing price level in Nigeria.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Price Level"

Pulford, Andrew L. "MONETARY FACTORS and the U.S. RETAIL FOOD PRICE LEVEL". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/685.

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The following study assesses whether an economic relationship exists between the money supply (i.e. M2), interest rates, and the exchange rate and the retail food price level in the United States. Data for the M2 classification of the United States money supply, the Effective Federals Funds (interest) Rate, and the United States Trade Weighted Exchange Index: Major Currencies for the period from January 1974 through December 2007 are evaluated as they relate to the United States Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers: Food for the same period. The statistical analysis involves an examination of the autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions of each variable, a test for the presence of stationarity in each variable(Augmented Dickey-Fuller test), Johansen’s test for co-integrating equations of the variables considered, Granger’s test for causality, and finally an estimation of regression models of United States retail food prices as a function of the money supply, interest rates, and exchange rates. Results indicate that a statistically significant relationship exists among the variables tested. A causal relationship exists between the Federal Funds Rate and the money supply, the money supply and the retail level of food prices, and also between the exchange rate and the retail level of food prices. The implications of the results are assessed through the lens of agricultural producers and processors, investors, lenders, consumers, and monetary and agricultural policymakers. Keywords: retail food prices, money supply, Federal Funds Rate, exchange rate, augmented Dickey-Fuller, Johansen’s test for co-integration, Granger causality

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Roeger, Edward A. "Investigating a countercyclical price level with procyclical inflation". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6031.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 16, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

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Anwar, Muslimin. "Modelling exchange rates and monetary policy in emerging Asian economies : non-linear econometric approach". Thesis, Brunel University, 2007. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4865.

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In this thesis we examine exchange rates and monetary policy of four emerging Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and South Korea. We model equilibrium exchange rates using a general behavioural specification consistent with a variety of theoretical approaches; and short-run dynamics using a general non-linear adjustment model. We find in all countries examined, equilibrium nominal and real exchange rates are a function of permanent relative output and one or more variables from domestic and foreign price levels, nominal and real interest rate differentials, the level of and changes in net foreign assets, and a time trend. These results imply that individual countries present significant elements of idiosyncratic behaviour, casting doubt on empirical models using panel-data techniques. We also obtain evidence of non-linear exchange rate dynamics, with the speed of adjustment to equilibrium being in all cases a function of the size, and in two cases, the sign of the misalignment term. With respect to monetary policy, we examined these countries' monetary policy reaction function based on an open economy augmented Taylor rule including the exchange rate and the foreign interest rate. Using a formal testing approach, our tests reject linearity, suggesting that monetary authorities in these four emerging economies are subject to nonlinear inflation effects and that they respond more vigorously to inflation when it is further from the target. Our results also lead us to speculate that policymakers in three countries may have been attempting to keep inflation within the range, while those in the other country may have been pursuing a point inflation target. Finally, we also find monetary policy is asymmetric as policy makers respond differently to upward and downward deviations of inflation away from the target.

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Denk, Ann. "Interest Rate and Commodity Price Impacts on Farm-Level Financials". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31149.

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The agriculture industry has been around for hundreds of years. Although farmers and ranchers work every day to put food on the tables of billions of people from all around the world, most agricultural producers require assistance to finance their operations and continue production. This research is motivated by recent changes in interest rates and the downturn in agricultural commodity prices. This study examines how farm-level financial statements are impacted by changes in interest rates and agricultural commodity market prices. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to model several stochastic variables and derive key financial calculations. This study shows how the financial statements of different agricultural operations change due to factors that are largely beyond the control of agricultural producers.

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Nyaoke, David Ochieng. "Factors Determining Sugarcane Price at the Farm Level in Kenya". OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1357.

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Kenya's current sugar consumption stands at 700,000 MT. The country is only able to produce approximately 500,000MT. The deficit is covered by cheap imported sugar from other countries. Weak import policies together with other supply demand factors have impacted negatively on the sugarcane price at the farm level. The study reviews the current sugar policies with an aim of formulating better solutions to help protecting farmers and the local industries. In addressing the problems facing the sugar industry in Kenya, the study also evaluates the roles played by various sugar stakeholders in Kenya, their effectiveness, and impacts to the general performance of this vital industry. This study also investigated the sugar supply and demand factors resulting in low sugarcane price at the farm level using a price transmission model (Kinnucan 1987). In analyzing these sugar supply demand factors, the empirical results revealed that all the identified variables apart from cheap imported sugar has significant impact on the sugarcane price at the farm level hence could explain the low cane price. Coefficient of determination between sugarcane price and the supply and demand factors shows that 95.4% of sugarcane price is explained by the identified variables. The study concludes that among the factors identified, imported sugar price is not significant in explaining the sugarcane price at the farm level in Kenya. The study recommends that farmers diversify if they have to maximize revenues from their farms.

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Minsch, Rudolf. "Relative prices and inflation : an empirical analysis of firm-level price data from selected Swiss service industries /". Bamberg : Difo-Dr, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/356765334.pdf.

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Waldenlind, Stefan. "Forecasting Price-Level on Trades of Financial Instruments using Orderbook Activity". Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105810.

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In today’s highly competitive trading climate it is getting more important to understand the fundamentals of the orderbook and how it works in practice in order to stand out in the competition. Better knowledge of the orderbook statistics can be applied in areas such as high frequencyand execution trading. Therefore the focus of this study is to determine the probabilities of the settlement prices of financial instruments traded on a public order-driven market exchange i.e to predict the probabilities regarding whether the next executed trade will happen on the bid or on the ask side. The mathematical methods used in this study are logistic regression and Maximum Likelyhood (ML)-estimation for optimization of parameters. First the parameter matrix was optimized using orderbook data on the OMXS30 future and then use the estimated model on an out-ofsample test. Keywords: Logistic Regression, Orderbook, level-2 data
I dagens marknad råder hög konkurens vilket gör det viktigt att förstå fundamentan bakom orderboken och hur handeln med finansiella instrument fungerar i praktiken. Det utvecklas flera nya och förbättrade informationsystem och tradingalgoritmer varje dag och detta skärper konkurensen och försvårar möjligheten att tjäna pengar på tradingverksamhet. Med ökad förståelse för orderboken och dess fundamenta kan utvecklingen inom databaserad handel exempelvis exekverings- och högfrekvenshandel drivas på. Därför fokuserar jag denna studie på orderboken genom att försöka uppskatta sannolikheten för om nästkommande trade kommer att ske på köp- eller säljsidan av orderboken på en orderdriven marknad som Stockholmsbörsen. I undersökningen har logistisk regression och Maximum Likelyhood (ML)-skattning använts för att bestämma koefficienterna i den skattade statistiska modellen. Data är hämtade från OMXS30 terminen där kovariaterna är volymen på varje prisnivå för köp- respektive säljsidan i orderboken. Den skattade modellen testas på andra data än som använts för att skatta modellen. Nyckelord: Orderbok, logistisk regression, Maximum Likelyhood

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Osipenko, G. S., T. N. Korzh i E. K. Ershov. "Dynamics of price-level, national income and cost of money interaction". Thesis, ДИАЙПИ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63865.

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Dynamics of a macroeconomic system in which national income, cost of money and price-level are in close interaction is studied. Such an interaction is simulated with the help of discrete dynamic system in R3. The system has a curve formed by fixed points, which describe a balanced state of money, goods and service markets. It has been shown that there is a foliation which is transversal to the curve, each layer being invariant for the system. There are layers where balanced state can be both stable and unstable. The system dynamics is changing from layer to layer.

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Hatcher, Michael C. "Should central banks switch from inflation to price-level targeting? : quantifying the benefits from long-term price stability". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54454/.

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Economic researchers have not yet quantified the long-term benefits of price-level targeting. Consequently, central banks are unable to conduct a full cost-benefit analysis vis-a-vis inflation targeting. The primary contribution of this thesis is to quantify these benefits within a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework, thereby laying the foundations for a full cost-benefit analysis. The thesis focuses on three key areas: consumption volatility social welfare and inflation risk premia on long-term nominal contracts. Conventional wisdom holds that the main benefit of price-level targeting is a reduction in long-term inflation risk. However, the current workhorse model for monetary analysis cannot be used to evaluate this benefit, because long-term inflation risk does not affect agents' welfare. This thesis therefore builds and simulates overlapping generations models in which long-term inflation risk matters for social welfare. In these models, consumers save over a long horizon for old age using indexed and nominal government bonds that offer imperfect insurance against inflation risk. Importantly, the extent of nominal indexation is chosen endogenously in response to monetary policy in order to address the Lucas critique and to allow for heterogeneities across countries and over time, three separate models are simulated in which consumers have access to different assets. Key findings are as follows. First, price-level targeting reduces long-term inflation risk substantially compared to inflation targeting, leading to an increase in social welfare and a reduction in consumption volatility. Second, price-level targeting reduces by an order of magnitude the inflation risk premium on nominal bonds. Finally, optimal indexation of government bonds is substantially lower under price-level targeting. Notably, there is considerable heterogeneity in results across model specifications. The estimated welfare gain from price-level targeting ranges from 0.01 to 0.17 per cent of aggregate consumption, and the estimated reduction in consumption risk ranges from 13 to 95 per cent.

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Cai, Mengmeng. "A Profit-Neutral Double-price-signal Retail Electricity Market Solution for Incentivizing Price-responsive DERs Considering Network Constraints". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99094.

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Emerging technologies, including distributed energy resources (DERs), internet-of-things and advanced distribution management systems, are revolutionizing the power industry. They provide benefits like higher operation flexibility and lower bulk grid dependency, and are moving the modern power grid towards a decentralized, interconnected and intelligent direction. Consequently, the emphasis of the system operation management has been shifted from the supply-side to the demand-side. It calls for a reconsideration of the business model for future retail market operators. To address this need, this dissertation proposes an innovative retail market solution tailored to market environments penetrated with price-responsive DERs. The work is presented from aspects of theoretical study, test-bed platform development, and experimental analysis, within which two topics relevant to the retail market operation are investigated in depth. The first topic covers the modeling of key retail market participants. With regard to price-insensitive participants, fixed loads are treated as the representative. Deep learning-based day-ahead load forecasting models are developed in this study, utilizing both recurrent and convolutional neural networks, to predict the part of demands that keep fixed regardless of the market price. With regard to price-sensitive participants, battery storages are selected as the representative. An optimization-based battery arbitrage model is developed in this study to represent their price-responsive behaviors in response to a dynamic price. The second topic further investigates how the retail market model and pricing strategy should be designed to incentivize these market participants. Different from existing works, this study innovatively proposes a profit-neutral double-price-signal retail market model. Such a design differentiates elastic prosumers, who actively offer flexibilities to the system operation, from normal inelastic consumers/generators, based on their sensitivities to the market price. Two price signals, namely retail grid service price and retail energy price, are then introduced to separately quantify values of the flexibility, provided by elastic participants, and the electricity commodity, sold/bought to/from inelastic participants. Within the proposed retail market, a non-profit retail market operator (RMO) manages and settles the market through determining the price signals and supplementary subsidy to minimize the overall system cost. In response to the announced retail grid service price, elastic prosumers adjust their day-ahead operating schedules to maximize their payoffs. Given the interdependency between decisions made by the RMO and elastic participants, a retail pricing scheme, formulated based on a bi-level optimization framework, is proposed. Additional efforts are made on merging and linearizing the original non-convex bi-level problem into a single-level mixed-integer linear programming problem to ensure the computational efficiency of the retail pricing tool. Case studies are conducted on a modified IEEE 34-bus test-bed system, simulating both physical operations of the power grid and financial interactions inside the retail market. Experimental results demonstrate promising properties of the proposed retail market solution: First of all, it is able to provide cost-saving benefits to inelastic customers and create revenues for elastic customers at the same time, justifying the rationalities of these participants to join the market. Second of all, the addition of the grid service subsidy not only strengthens the profitability of the elastic customer, but also ensures that the benefit enjoyed per customer will not be compromised by the competition brought up by a growing number of participants. Furthermore, it is able to properly capture impacts from line losses and voltage constraints on the system efficiency and stability, so as to derive practical pricing solutions that respect the system operating rules. Last but not least, it encourages the technology improvement of elastic assets as elastic assets in better conditions are more profitable and could better save the electricity bills for inelastic customers. Above all, the superiority of the proposed retail market solution is proven. It can serve as a promising start for the retail electricity market reconstruction.
Doctor of Philosophy
The electricity market plays a critical role in ensuring the economic and secure operation of the power system. The progress made by distributed energy resources (DERs) has reshaped the modern power industry bringing a larger proportion of price-responsive behaviors to the demand-side. It challenges the traditional wholesale-only electricity market and calls for an addition of retail markets to better utilize distributed and elastic assets. Therefore, this dissertation targets at offering a reliable and computational affordable retail market solution to bridge this knowledge gap. Different from existing works, this study assumes that the retail market is managed by a profit-neutral retail market operator (RMO), who oversees and facilitates the system operation for maximizing the system efficiency rather than making profits. Market participants are categorized into two groups: inelastic participants and elastic participants, based on their sensitivity to the market price. The motivation behind this design is that instead of treating elastic participants as normal customers, it is more reasonable to treat them as grid service providers who offer operational flexibilities that benefit the system efficiency. Correspondingly, a double-signal pricing scheme is proposed, such that the flexibility, provided by elastic participants, and the electricity commodity, generated/consumed by inelastic participants, are separately valued by two distinct prices, namely retail grid service price and retail energy price. A grid service subsidy is also introduced in the pricing system to provide supplementary incentives to elastic customers. These two price signals in addition to the subsidy are determined by the RMO via solving a bi-level optimization problem given the interdependency between the prices and reaction of elastic participants. Experimental results indicate that the proposed retail market model and pricing scheme are beneficial for both types of market participants, practical for the network-constrained real-world implementation, and supportive for the technology improvement of elastic assets.

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Książki na temat "Price Level"

E, Diewert W., red. Price level measurement. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1990.

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Hall, Robert Ernest. Controlling the price level. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Heim, Lukas. Inflation versus Price-Level Targeting. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-08228-4.

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Rogers, John H. Price level convergence, relative prices, and inflation in europe. Washington, D.C: Federal Reserve Board, 2001.

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Batini, Nicoletta. Hybrid inflation and price level targeting. London: Bank of England, 2001.

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Batini, Nicoletta. Hybrid inflation and price level targeting. London: Bank of England, 1998.

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Gordon, David B. The price level, the quantity theory of money, and the fiscal theory of the price level. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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Canada, Economic Council of. Interregional variations in the general level of prices in 1988. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Economic Council of Canada, 1991.

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Kaufman, Phillip R. Supermarket prices and price differences: City, firm, and store-level determinants. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research service, 1990.

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Kaufman, Phil R. Supermarket prices and price differences: City, firm, and store-level determinants. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research service, 1990.

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Części książek na temat "Price Level"

Wang, Zhenying. "Price Level". W The Principle of Trading Economics, 509–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0379-5_17.

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Bridel, P. "Price Level". W The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–4. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1507-1.

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Bridel, P. "Price Level". W Money, 298–302. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19804-7_36.

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Bridel, P. "Price Level". W The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 10695–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_1507.

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Cakici, Nusret, i Kudret Topyan. "Price Level". W Risk and Return in Asian Emerging Markets, 29–41. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137359070_3.

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Nagle, Thomas T., Georg Müller i Evert Gruyaert. "Price Level". W The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing, 154–72. Wyd. 7. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003179566-7.

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Grant, Sue, i Richard Young. "Price Determination". W Economics a Level, 29–38. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13606-3_4.

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Dowd, Kevin. "Price-level Optimality". W Competition and Finance, 381–445. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24856-8_15.

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Officer, Lawrence H. "National Price Level". W Essays in Economic History, 125–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95925-8_7.

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O’Donoghue, Cathal. "Static Farm Microsimulation Model: Price Impact". W Farm-Level Microsimulation Modelling, 49–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63979-6_3.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Price Level"

Ye, Chu, i Dong-xiu Niu. "Research on Effect of Power Price Adjustment on China's Price Level". W 2009 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aici.2009.252.

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Yuan, Yi-jun, i Rong-hui Xie. "China's business cycle and the price level". W 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6009815.

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WONG, S. K., K. W. CHAU, Y. YAU i A. K. C. CHEUNG. "PROPERTY PRICE, FLOOR LEVEL, AND BUILDING DENSITY". W Tall Buildings from Engineering to Sustainability - Sixth International Conference on Tall Buildings, Mini Symposium on Sustainable Cities, Mini Symposium on Planning, Design and Socio-Economic Aspects of Tall Residential Living Environment. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701480_0128.

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Zhang, Ran. "The effect and strategy of low-priced level premium brand products price reduction". W 2008 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2008.4668970.

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"House Price depreciation Rates and Level of Maintenance". W 11th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2004. ERES, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2004_232.

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"SPATIAL BEHAVIOR OF PRICES FOR FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF FUNCTIONING OF TASED". W CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF RUSSIA AND CHINA. Amur State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/medprh.10.

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The article presents the results of assessing the level of spatial differentiation of prices for 10 food products in the Far East in the context of the functioning of the PSEDA. A comparative assessment of the levels of spatial price differentiation before and after the creation of TASED is carried out. It is concluded that there is no significant impact of the new institutional regime on the volatility of food prices in the Far East.

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Gupta, Vivekanad, Abhishek Yadav, Vineeta Nishad i Atebar Haider. "HOUSE PRICE PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING". W Computing for Sustainable Innovation: Shaping Tomorrow’s World. Innovative Research Publication, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/csistw.2024.12.1.31.

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The real estate market, characterized by intense competition and continual pricing fluctuations, stands as a prime candidate for the application of machine learning techniques to achieve enhanced and accurate cost predictions. This paper focuses on the overarching objective of predicting the market value of real estate properties, particularly in Mumbai. The proposed system employs machine learning methodologies, specifically the Decision Tree Regressor, to establish a starting price for a property based on geographical variables.The research findings underscore the effectiveness of the Decision Tree Regressor model, revealing an impressive accuracy rate of 89%. This high accuracy level affirms the model's proficiency in predicting real estate market values in Mumbai. The significance of this research lies in its potential to assist clients in making informed investment decisions, enabling them to navigate the real estate market without relying on traditional brokers. The results emphasize the valuable role of machine learning, particularly the Decision Tree Regressor, in augmenting accuracy and efficiency in predicting real estate prices, thereby contributing to more informed decision-making in this dynamic market. The study ensures authenticity by adhering to plagiarism-free practices, both conventional and AI-based.

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Fanta, Michael, Radek Soběhart i Aleš Rod. "PRICE OF ALCOHOL IN EU MEMBER STATES – AFFORDABILITY OF ALCOHOLIC PRODUCTS AND ROLE OF EXCISE DUTIES". W 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.93.

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This research paper focuses on alcoholic beverages and their price affordability between 2000-2016 in the member states of the European Union. Based on the data from OECD, WHO, Eurostat, and the European Commission, the paper primarily discusses development of prices and consumption of alcoholic products, level of excise duties, and the development of average wages. Overall alcohol consumption has decreased in most EU member states over the past two decades, even though price affordability has increased due to relatively dynamic development of average wages. As consumption of alcohol products is decreasing, producers of alcoholic beverages are now pushed to increase the prices of alcoholic products to keep their level of revenues, which means that the price of alcohol is growing naturally. Those facts raise a question about the role of excise duties on alcohol, whether it is an effective tool for reducing alcohol consumption or just a fiscal tool, whose further increases might lead to market distortions.

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Edmunds, Calum, Waqquas A. Bukhsh, Simon Gill i Stuart Galloway. "Locational Marginal Price Variability at Distribution Level: A Regional Study". W 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope.2018.8571664.

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Zhang, Xin, Jinghan Zhi i Chengke Zhang. "Multidimensional RaD-Price Level Game Model Analysis of Duopoly Group". W 5th International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Innovation (IEMI 2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iemi-14.2014.24.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Price Level"

Hall, Robert. Controlling the Price Level. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, styczeń 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6914.

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Waller, Christopher J., i Aleksander Berentsen. Price-level Targeting and Stabilization Policy. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2009.033.

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Gordon, David, i Eric Leeper. The Price Level, the Quantity Theory of Money, and the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, lipiec 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9084.

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Fernández-Villaverde, Jesus, i Daniel Sanches. Price-Level Determination Under the Gold Standard. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, luty 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21799/frbp.wp.2024.06.

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Buiter, Willem. The Young Person's Guide to Neutrality, Price Level Indeterminacy, Interest Rate Pegs, and Fiscal Theories of the Price Level. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luty 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6396.

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Fujita, K. Sydny. Estimating Price Elasticity using Market-Level Appliance Data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1236368.

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McCallum, Bennett. A Semi-Classical Model of Price Level Adjustment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, kwiecień 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4706.

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Christiano, Lawrence, i Terry Fitzgerald. Understanding the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, kwiecień 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7668.

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Allen-Coghlan, Matthew, Kieran McQuinn i Conor O'Toole. Irish house price sustainability: a county-level analysis. ESRI, listopad 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rn20190401.

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Golec, Joseph, Shantaram Hegde i John Vernon. Pharmaceutical Stock Price Reactions to Price Constraint Threats and Firm-Level R&D Spending. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzec 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11229.

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