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1
Gerberding, Christina, Rafael Gerke, and Felix Hammermann. "Price-level targeting when there is price-level drift." Journal of Macroeconomics 34, no. 3 (2012): 757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2012.05.006.
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Cui, Nana, Hengyu Gu, Tiyan Shen, and Changchun Feng. "The Impact of Micro-Level Influencing Factors on Home Value: A Housing Price-Rent Comparison." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (2018): 4343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124343.
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The housing sales market in China has flourished and gained considerable interest, while the housing rental market has lagged behind and been ignored over the past two decades. With the acceleration of urbanization, the housing rental demand is rising rapidly. Exploring and comparing the influencing factors on housing sale prices and rental prices has significance for sustainable urban planning and management. Using house purchase transaction and rent transaction data in 2017, as well as the average housing price and rent data in 2016 in Beijing, China, this paper compares the spatial distribution and it employs the hedonic price model and quantile regression model to quantify the average and distributional effects of micro-level influencing factors on housing prices and housing rents. Results show that housing prices and housing rents both have a decentralized distribution with multiple centers, but rents of residential communities with high housing prices may not necessarily be high. Both homeowners and renters prefer properties with good structural, locational, and neighborhood characteristics, as well as a good school attendance zone, whereas they still differ in terms of preferences. Homeowners prefer a higher-quality living environment. Renters are more concerned with proximity to an employment center and public transit convenience. Moreover, the price premium of school quality for homeowners exceeds the premium for renters. Higher-priced homeowners or renters differ in the preferences from lower-priced homeowners or renters. Higher-priced homeowners and higher-priced renters are more willing to live in property with a larger number of bedrooms, proximity to a major employment center, park, or school, as well as a location in a school attendance zone with higher school quality.
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Wang, Qiming. "Evolution of integer price clustering of IPOs in the aftermarket." Nankai Business Review International 5, no. 4 (2014): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-01-2014-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to, using a large sample of NASDAQ initial public offerings (IPOs), examine the evolution of integer price clustering of IPOs in the aftermarket trading. Design/methodology/approach – Consistent with Harris’s (1991) costly negotiation hypothesis, clustering on integer prices is a positive function of price level and various stock valuation uncertainty proxies, and it is a negative function of trading activities for IPOs and seasoned stocks. Findings – It was found that, after controlling for price level, daily return volatility, number of trades, trading volume, number of market makers and the effect of price support, the integer price frequency of IPOs converge to that of seasoned stocks immediately, and whether IPOs have integer offer prices does not affect their integer price clustering in the aftermarket trading after the effect of price support is controlled for. Originality/value – These results suggest that the IPO pricing process significantly reduce the differences between integer priced IPOs and non-integer priced IPOs in pre-offering valuation uncertainty.
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Tripathi, Avinash, and Neeraj Pandey. "Does impact of price endings differ for the non-green and green products? Role of product categories and price levels." Journal of Consumer Marketing 35, no. 2 (2018): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2016-1838.
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Purpose The discount image associated with odd-ending prices has led to its extensive use by retailers. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts and applications of nine-ending vs round-ending prices on the purchase of green and non-green products at different price levels and under different purchase motivations. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments are conducted. The first experiment is a 2 (price ending: nine-ending vs round-ending) × 2 (product appeal: green vs non-green) between-subjects study; the second experiment is a 2 (price ending: nine-ending vs round-ending) × 2 (price level: low price vs high price) × 2 (product appeal: green vs non-green) between-subjects study; and the third experiment examined buyers’ preferences of price endings regarding the purchase of green products having either utility (utilitarian) or pleasure (hedonic) motivation. Findings This research highlights that consumers prefer zero-ending prices for green products and pleasure motivation products, but they prefer odd endings for low-priced and utilitarian products. These results support the increased reception of round-ending prices. Accordingly, this study contributes to the literature by providing a boundary condition for odd-ending prices. Specifically, the study finds that the effect of nine-ending prices becomes weaker as the price of the product increases. Practical implications The findings of this study have practical implications for managers, as the results indicate that pricing green products and high-quality perception products using round digits and pricing low-priced and utility perception products using odd digits will increase consumers’ purchase intentions. Moreover, pricing the products using round-ending prices will reduce the perception of low quality and deter brand loyalty emanating from a low-priced/discount image of a product. Originality/value This research contributes to theoretical and practical aspects of behavioural pricing literature. This research uncovers the buyers’ distinct preferences for zero-ending prices and odd-ending prices when purchasing different products based on different motivations and varied price levels. This is the first research of its kind to explore and compare the impact of psychological pricing on green products. The study also resolves a contradiction in past literature regarding the use of nine-ending prices by providing boundary conditions.
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Černíková, R. "Influence of price level of imported wine on competition in the wine-production sector in the Czech Republic." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 7 (2012): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5209-agricecon.
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The paper is a part of solution of the grant awarded by the Ministry of Agriculture (NAZV) No. QF 3276 and analyzes the influence of the price level of imported bottled wine on the competition in the wine-production sector in the Czech Republic. The comparison of the industrial producers’ prices in the Czech Republic with the average import prices of bottled wine in particular years brings us to conclusion that a threat for Czech producers is first the price of the imported table wine (white and red) at present. The average import prices of this wine category varied under the minimal average industrial producers’ prices in 1998–2003. The average import price of the white table wine in containers up to 2 liters was 19 CZK per liter in 2003 and the minimal average industrial producers’ price was 26.90 CZK per liter in the same year. The price level is higher in case of the red table wine in general, but the average annual import prices (in 2003, 23 CZK per liter) also varied under the minimal average industrial producers’ prices in all analyzed years (in 2003, 29.70 CZK per liter). The situation is more positive for the Czech wine producers in case of the quality wine. There is a space for an increase in price. The average import prices were by 25 CZK per liter per year higher in average than the maximal industrial producers’ prices in the Czech Republic in all analyzed years. However, while the average annual import price of the white quality wine increases (50 CZK per liter in 1998; 93 CZK per liter in 2003) and creates a bigger space for the Czech wine producers in the price policy, the average annual import prices of the red quality wine varied around 80 CZK per liter in all analyzed years.
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Blake, Jay Peter, and Behrooz Gharleghi. "The Ripple Effect at an inter-suburban level in the Sydney Metropolitan area." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, no. 1 (2018): 2–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-05-2017-0054.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the Ripple Effect of house prices at an inter-suburban level of analysis in the Sydney metropolitan area. By doing this, more practical information of price transmission can be provided to improve residential real estate purchasing decisions of market participants. Equity from residential real estate is a major component of household wealth and is frequently used to improve and upgrade homes. With the ever-increasing prices of real estate in Sydney making more efficient purchasing decisions can grow this wealth quicker allowing a household to obtain financial related goals at a quicker pace. Design/methodology/approach Using a two-stage sampling technique strings of adjoining suburbs from different Sydney regions were analysed using a combination of price graphs, Engle–Granger and Johansen co-integration techniques and Granger causality tests. Findings Pairwise co-integration was lacking throughout the various suburb strings, whereas multivariate co-integration was found in the lower priced areas further from the central business district, as these areas also experience less price volatility. The geographical location of suburbs therefore plays an important role in the ability to predict an individual suburb’s price movements. For a prominent Ripple Effect to exist at this level the best conditions would consist of a singular demand centre with restricted geographical space to which this demand can spread. Causal pathways were subsequently mapped for each suburb string identifying price transmission pathways and confirming support that while the standard Ripple Effect does not exist at an inter-suburban level, it is still possible to predict price movements by considering the price behaviour of surrounding suburbs. Originality/value This paper adds to the literature by examining the Ripple Effect across different suburbs in Sydney. This is done via an extensive search through the literature and analysing recent real estate data.
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Guo, Hongfei, Hao Jiang, Weijian Zhang, et al. "Real Estate Level Forecasting - Review." Business, Management and Economics Research, no. 54 (April 24, 2019): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/bmer.54.57.61.
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With China’s rapid economic growth in recent years and the acceleration of urbanization, the real estate price has also shown a substantial increase, especially the housing prices have always been high in first-tier cities. This paper systematically combs the research on the factors affecting house price and the forecasting method of house price at home and abroad, and puts forward some suggestions on the regulation and control of real estate price in our country. It also points out the deficiency of data statistics and research perspective in empirical research. On this basis, it is proposed that we should strengthen the scientificalness and comprehensiveness of the empirical data, put forward a reasonable and appropriate hierarchical classification method for influencing factors, make clear the importance and coupling mechanism of each level, and excavate the dominant influencing factors.
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Gui, Shu Sen, Hai Lin Mu, and Nan Li. "Study on Effect of Oil Price Rising on China’s General Price Level." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3836–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3836.
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This paper analyzes and evaluates the oil price change on effects of China’s general price level and economic sectors’ price level by adopting the input-output price model and input-output of China in 2007. In the case of oil price rise 100%: Compare with the results over the years show that oil price impact on the whole society increased year by year, and the rate of increase present accelerated tendency; Compare with the other energy sector, the impact of oil prices level is generally lower than the price of electricity and heat levels.
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IONESCU, Catinca-Elena, and Mattia MEGGIOLARO. "CUSTOMER AWARENESS LEVEL OF COFFEE PRICE FLUCTUATIONS." BUSINESS EXCELLENCE AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 4 (2022): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/beman/2022.12.4-02.
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Based on what we have witnessed in the last two years from several uncontrollable factors, such as natural disasters, disease pandemics and wars, it is worth exploring the potential rising prices of coffee-based products in the future. This research aims to find out people’s perceptions about the actual prices of coffee and their reasoning for their continuous financial contribution to the coffee-based industry. It is also looking for solutions regarding a suitable increase in the price range to maintain customer interest in coffee-based products in the Romanian market. Presuming that the target customers have already noticed the change in prices, different data-gathering methods come into effect to determine the level of awareness that a regular customer has regarding said price fluctuations. This will aid in providing answers to our research problem: How much can the prices be increased before profits drop significantly? The research sample consisted of 22 international people and the data found was processed to obtain the best accuracy of the results, in SPSS.
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Abdullahi, Ibrahim Alhaji, Nteegah, Alwell, and Kalu, Ijeoma. "Petroleum Products Pricing and Price Stability in Nigeria: An ARDL Investigation." Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports 18, no. 5 (2024): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2024/v18i5647.
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This study employed the Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) technique to investigate the effect of petroleum products pricing on price level in Nigeria over the period 1990 – 2022. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, data on inflation rate, price of premium motor spirit, price of automotive gas oil, price of household kerosene, price of compressed natural gas and price of crude oil were sourced from secondary source. The results of our analysis revealed that: in the long run, prices of Premium motor spirit and compressed natural gas retarded inflation level marginally while prices of automotive gas oil, dual purpose kerosene and crude oil spurred general price level marginally. Prices of premium motor spirit and compressed natural gas fueled inflation in the short run significantly while prices of automotive gas oil and crude retarded general price level. Price of dual-purpose kerosene had mixed but significant effect on price level. The study also found that a long run nexus existed between petroleum product prices and price level in Nigeria. Petroleum product prices had serious implications on the Nigeria’s economy in the short run than long run. Based on this conclusion, the study recommended Increase investment in the downstream petroleum sector and strengthening existing policies in the oil and gas sector as possible measures towards stabilizing price level in Nigeria.
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Kovanen, Arto. "Price Variability Under Price Level Stability—A Study of Sierra Leone's Price Dynamics Using Micro-Level Price Data." IMF Staff Papers 54, no. 4 (2007): 701–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.imfsp.9450021.
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Juswadi, Juri, and Pandu Sumarna. "Elastisitas Transmisi Harga Komoditas Buah Pepaya Di Kabupaten Indramayu Jawa Barat." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 10, no. 2 (2022): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v10i2.464.
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This study aims to analyze the elasticity price transmission of papaya fruit at the farmer level (producer) and at the consumer level (retailer) in Indramayu Regency. Papaya is one of the fruits favored by the public because of its vitamin content, fresh taste, and low price. The price transmission elasticity (Et) analysis uses a simple regression between two prices, namely prices at the farm level and at the retailer level. The research data uses time series data on monthly papaya prices at the farmer level and at the consumer level in Indramayu Regency during the 2014-2020 period. The results of the analysis show that the price elasticity of papaya fruit in Indramayu Regency is inelastic (Et < 1). This shows that price changes at the farmer level are smaller than the price changes at the retail level. This means that farmers have not received good prices from traders.
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Saint-paul, Gilles. "Some Evolutionary Foundations for Price Level Rigidity." American Economic Review 95, no. 3 (2005): 765–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828054201251.
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This paper shows that price rigidity evolves in an economy populated by imperfectly rational agents who experiment with alternative rules of thumb. In the model, firms must set their prices in face of aggregate demand shocks. Their payoff depends on the level of aggregate demand, as well as on their own price and their “neighbor's” price. The latter assumption captures local interactions. Despite the fact that the rational expectations equilibrium (REE) is characterized by a simple pricing rule that firms can easily adopt, the economy does not converge to the REE for all parameter values. When the volatility of monetary innovations is low and interactions among firms are high, the aggregate price level exhibits rigidity, in that it does not fully react to contemporaneous aggregate demand shocks. We discuss the role of the nature of experimentation, and of path dependence driven by interactions, in explaining these results.
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Hu, Jin, Xuelei Xiong, Yuanyuan Cai, and Feng Yuan. "The Ripple Effect and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Intra-Urban Housing Prices at the Submarket Level in Shanghai, China." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 5073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125073.
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The ripple effect of housing price movements between cities has been extensively investigated, but there are relatively few studies on this topic within a metropolitan context, especially at the submarket level. This paper describes the use of ripple effect theory to examine the diffusion process and convergence of intra-urban housing prices at the submarket level in Shanghai, an emerging global city in China. The analysis is based on directed acyclic graphs, local indicators of spatial association time-paths, and a recently developed convergence test. The empirical results of grouping analysis identify 25 submarkets in Shanghai, and the diffusion of housing prices between these submarkets is found to be caused by both geographical and economic proximities. There is also a complex recursive process of price spillovers from high- to low-priced submarkets, and vice versa, which contributes to the spiraling local housing prices. Housing prices diverge across all submarkets, and the whole market can be divided into three convergence clubs. Finally, these convergence clubs have a circular structure with a degree of continuity. This study broadens our knowledge of the price interrelationship among housing submarkets at the intra-urban level. These findings have profound implications for urban planners, policy makers, and local residents.
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Lin, Chien-Huang, Hung-Ming Lin, and Ai-Ling Hung. "SOCIAL VALUE ORIENTATION AND INFORMATION LEVEL IN SELLING PRICES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, no. 7 (2008): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.7.933.
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The concept of social value orientation was used to investigate whether or not individual difference would influence selling price decisions in situations with different information levels. Results of the study indicated that individuals with different orientations reacted differently to selling price under the condition of different information levels. In general, proselfs charged higher prices under the condition of asymmetric information than under the condition of symmetric information when they believed that the prospective buyer lacked information about market prices. However, the selling price disparity between asymmetric and symmetric information conditions was diminished when the buyer was a friend. By contrast, prosocials were not influenced by the manipulation of the information level of the buyer and their relationship with the buyer.
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Ekananda, Mahjus. "Asymmetric Price Transmission of Some Basic Commodities in Indonesia." Media Ekonomi dan Manajemen 38, no. 2 (2023): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/mem.v38i2.3924.
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The prices of these international goods, world oil prices, exchange rates, and government policies, always influence developments in the current global era that drive domestic commodity prices. This study aims to analyze the effect of asymmetric price transmission on several Indonesian domestic commodities. Asymmetric price transmission occurs if the speed of price adjustment above or below the price trend is not the same. Positive or negative price changes occur if the price is above or below the price trend. Under dynamic conditions, each price will adjust to the long-term price level. This study applies the error correction model (ECM) method to capture the speed of adjustment of each commodity following the long-term price level. This study involves asymmetric price transmission to see price adjustments. Econometric testing through the error correction model is used to determine how much the domestic price adjustments are when there is an increase or decrease in international prices for essential commodities. The results showed an adjustment in domestic prices when global prices increased or decreased for wheat flour, granulated sugar, soybeans, beef, and broiler meat. Based on the coefficient and significance level, there was no domestic price adjustment for rice and broiler chicken eggs. Policy implications include providing input for policymakers in determining prices so that market prices are stable and in line with people's purchasing power.
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Sutisna, Sarah. "Application of Black Scholes Method to Determining Premium Insurance In the Potato Agricultural Based on Price Index." International Journal of Global Operations Research 4, no. 4 (2023): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47194/ijgor.v4i4.258.
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Potato is one of the leading horticultural commodities. Potato farming business often experiences price fluctuations that cause losses to farmers.The government is making efforts to minimize the farmers' losses by issuing agricultural insurance programs. This study aims to determine the relationship between potato prices at the provincial level and potato prices at the farmer level and to determine agricultural insurance premiums based on the price index. The data used are potato price data at the West Java Province level and potato price data at the farmer level in Pangalengan District. The correlation between provincial level prices and farmer level prices can be obtained using the Pearson Product Moment correlation method. The price index is calculated using the relative price index method. Determination of the premium to be paid by farmers using the Black-Scholes method. The results of the analysis show that potato prices at the West Java Province level have a very strong correlation with farmer prices in Pangalengan District in October. Based on the Black-Scholes method, the premium value depends on the trigger value obtained with a price range between IDR 9,806,100.00 to IDR 10,267,784.00 for a sum insured of IDR 39,403,000 per one contract period. Various premium values can be a consideration for farmers in choosing an agricultural insurance policy.
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Lintunen, Jussi, and Lauri Vilmi. "Optimal Emission Prices Over the Business Cycles." Environmental and Resource Economics 80, no. 1 (2021): 135–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-021-00581-x.
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AbstractWe prove that under the most typical circumstances optimal emission prices are procyclical, i.e., prices should be lower during recessions. The procyclicality is more likely when emissions propagate very slowly into environmental damage. A prime example of such process is $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 emissions. We show that carbon prices should be closely linked to the fluctuations of the marginal utility of consumption, which implies relatively modest magnitude of carbon price fluctuations. Our findings imply that climate policies should focus on setting the carbon price to the optimal growth path level and give carbon price fluctuations only a secondary role. Opposite to the carbon price, the cyclicality of optimal emissions depends on the production technology in the energy sector, and may become countercyclical in future if the technology mix becomes less fossil dependent.
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Sun, Qingru, Ze Wang, and Nanfei Jia. "Revisiting the Dynamic Response of Chinese Price Level to Crude Oil Price Shocks Based on a Network Analysis Method." Entropy 24, no. 7 (2022): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24070944.
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Crude oil price shocks have led to a fluctuation in commodity prices through the industrial chain and supply–demand relationships, which can substantially influence a country’s economy. In this paper, we propose a transmission model of oil price shocks to Chinese price levels and explore the direct and indirect impacts of crude oil price shocks on various Chinese price indices, combining the Granger causality test, impulse response function, and network analysis method. The empirical data are the Brent, WTI, Dubai, and Daqing spot crude oil prices and eight categories of Chinese price indices from January 2011 to March 2020. We found the following results: (1) Consumer price index (CPI) and the price index for means of agricultural production (MAPPI) cannot be directly impacted by crude oil price fluctuations, while they could be indirectly affected. (2) The duration and degree of the impacts of oil prices on each price index vary, and the export price index (EPI) is the most significantly affected. (3) The proportion of the indirect impact in the total impact of crude oil price shocks ranges from 0.03% to 100.00%. Thus, indirect influence cannot be ignored when analyzing the influence of crude oil price fluctuation on Chinese price level.
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Hall, Robert E. "Controlling the Price Level." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 64, no. 1 (2005): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2005.00352.x.
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Cover, James Peery. "Optimal price-level flexibility." Journal of Macroeconomics 10, no. 3 (1988): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0164-0704(88)90031-6.
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Purwasih, Rati, Muhammad Firdaus, and Sri Hartoyo. "TRANSMISI HARGA JAGUNG DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG." Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 5, no. 1 (2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2017.5.1.75-88.
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<em>Corn is one of the leading commodities in Lampung Province. The average corn price received by farmers (producers) from January 2009 to December 2014 amounted to Rp 1.820 per kilogram, while the average price of corn at the consumer level was at Rp 3.205 per kilogram. Corn prices at the consumer level are more volatile when compared with the price of corn at the producer level. The purpose of this study are to analyze the transmission of corn prices from the consumer level to the producer level in Lampung Province. The data used was a monthly time series data from January 2009 to December 2014 (72 month). Asymmetric Error Correction Model (AECM) developed by von Cramon-Taubadel and Loy (1996) was used to analyze corn price transmission from the consumer level to the producer level. Causality test results indicate that corn prices at the consumer level affect the formation of corn prices at the producer level. From AECM estimates obtained, the short run corn price transmission from the consumer level to the producer level was asymmetric. However, the long-run transmission of corn prices from the consumer level to the producer was symmetric. After the Wald test, results obtained showed that there was no prove of asymmetric price transmission from the consumer level to the producer level in the long run.</em>
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Rogers, John Harold. "Price Level Convergence, Relative Prices, and Inflation in Europe." International Finance Discussion Paper 2001, no. 699 (2001): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.2001.699.
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Dr. G. SELVALAKSHMI, Dr G. SELVALAKSHMI, and Dr A. ARUMUGAM Dr.A.ARUMUGAM. "Impact of Price Level Changes in Indian Commodity Market." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 4 (2012): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/apr2014/42.
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Cover, James Peery, and Paul Pecorino. "Price and Output Stability under Price-Level Targeting." Southern Economic Journal 72, no. 1 (2005): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20062099.
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Cover, James Peery, and Paul Pecorino. "Price and Output Stability under Price‐Level Targeting." Southern Economic Journal 72, no. 1 (2005): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2005.tb00693.x.
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Rahayu Nangsi Paramata, Asda Rauf, and Ria Indriani. "Analysis of Hot Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) Vertical Market Integration in Gorontalo Province." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 18, no. 2 (2023): 1158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.2.0912.
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This research gives 1) an identification of hot pepper prices in Gorontalo Province, 2) an analysis of hot pepper price fluctuation in Gorontalo Province, and 3) an analysis of hot pepper vertical market integration in Gorontalo Province. It was undertaken in April-June 2022. The data used were secondary. The method was descriptive-quantitative, with analyses of IMC (Index of Market Connection), Coefficient of Variation (CV) by finding the standard deviation, and price fluctuation. The results demonstrated the highest price of hot pepper around IDR67,708.00/kg prevalent at the consumer level in 2019. The lowest one, that was around IDR26,392.00/kg came about at the producer level in 2018. The price mostly fluctuated at the consumer level with a coefficient of the standard deviation of 17,281.52. At the producer level, it came with a standard deviation of 12,202.82. Price stability was relatively small at the producer level with a low-price fluctuation but was relatively high at the consumer level that, accordingly, had a high price fluctuation. The IMC (Index Market of Connection) was 0.76. The market integration grew higher or stronger. That is, price changes at the consumer level could be significantly perceived by producers. It exhibited how prices at the retailer level affected prices at the farmer and consumer levels.
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Surbakti, T., T. Supriana, and Iskandarini. "Price formation of red chili in producer level to maintain the sustainability of chili farmer’s farming business." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 977, no. 1 (2022): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/977/1/012051.
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Abstract Red chili is a commodity contributes to inflation. The high price fluctuations of red chili resulted in large marketing margins and low prices received by farmers. Low prices make farmers switch to growing profitable crops. This condition is closely related to an inefficient market because price information and its formation occur in a non-transparent manner. This research objective to analyse components that impact the prices arrangement of red chili producers. The data used is secondary data on farmers level of red chili prices, wholesalers, consumers, Cayenne prices and fuel prices for 2016-2020. The analysis utilized is Error Correction Model (ECM) to see the factors that influence the formation of red chili prices in long and short time. Results showed that the factors that influence the price formation in producer level of red chili in the short time are wholesale prices, consumer prices, prices of cayenne and fuel prices. Within the long time it will be influenced by the price of cayenne and producer prices from the previous month.
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Miečinskienė, Algita, and Indrė Lapinskaitė. "The Research on the Impact of the Changes of Commodity Price Level in the World Commodity Exchanges on Variation of General Price Level." ECONOMICS & SOCIOLOGY 7, no. 4 (2014): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2014/7-4/5.
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Okechukwu, Nwokoye Matthew, Machi Ignatius Okoye, Nwokocha Azuka Florence, et al. "Effect of Exchange Rate on Domestic Price Level in Nigeria." Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 21, no. 3 (2023): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v21i3469.
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Nigeria experienced significant depreciation of her currency during the specified period of this study, mainly due to factors such as falling oil prices, external economic conditions such as slowdown in global economic growth, trade tensions which led to capital outflows from emerging markets including markets in Nigeria, tightening of global monetary policy which affected capital flows to these emerging markets, coupled with domestic macroeconomic challenges like concerns over policy consistency, governance issues and security challenges, capital flight and weakened investors’’ confidence. These conditions collectively created an adverse environment for the Nigerian economy, leading to the depreciation of Naira. Consequently, this study set out to achieve the main objective of investigating on a more recent basis, effects of exchange rate on domestic price level in Nigeria. The period covered was from January 2015 through December 2022. The study adopted the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and the variables included consumer price inflation, nominal exchange rate, import prices, international crude oil prices and real output growth. We found insignificant positive impact of the nominal exchange rate on consumer price inflation in Nigeria. The import prices also proved a significant effect on consumer price inflation in Nigeria. the study recommends that Governments at all levels in the country should encourage and support the innovative ideas of business firms and individuals. This will support local production, hence, there can be substitution of imported goods for domestically produced goods and the exchange rate will be stable.
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Razzakova, C. M., and L. E. Ziganshina. "Medicine prices in 2017 and 2018 as a reflection of the effectiveness of government measures to ensure access to medicines." Kazan medical journal 101, no. 2 (2020): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2020-256.
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Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of medicine prices in 2017 and 2018 years in Kazan (The Republic of Tatarstan, The Russian Federation) to assess the effectiveness of government measures to ensure the accessibility of medicines.
 Methods. We conducted a comparative analysis of medicine prices according to methodology developed by Health Action International and World Health Organization (WHO/HAI). The analysis included 30 medicines at a preselected dosage form. We studied the accessibility and prices of original brands and lowest priced generic of each medicine in the public and private pharmacies of Kazan in 2017 and 2018, and analyzed the procurement prices of the same medicines in inpatient hospitals. Medicine prices were compared with international reference prices (The Management Sciences for Health (MSH) reference prices) and expressed as median price ratio (MPR).
 Results. Prices for originator and generic medicines in the public and private sectors tended to decrease in 2018 compared to 2017, but statistically significant price reduction occurred only for generic medicines in the private sector. For example, the median price ratio for originator products changed from 6.86 to 2.97 in the public sector and from 11.1 to 5.36 in the private sector in 2018 compared to 2017, but the changes were not statistically significant (p 0.05). Prices for generics medicines in the public sector did not change in the studied years and remained at the level of international reference prices (the median price ratio were 1.3 in 2017 and 1.27 in 2018). In the private sector, we found a twofold decrease in the prices of generics medicines in 2018 compared to 2017 [the median price ratio decreased from 3.25 to 1.44 (p 0.05)]. Procurement prices for generics medicines in public hospitals in 2017 and 2018 years did not show statistically significant changes with the median price ratio equal to 1.34 and 0.8, respectively.
 Conclusion. Government price control measures of medicines contributed to maintaining the price of generic medicines at the reference prices level in the public sector and to halving the price of generic medicines in the private sector in 2018 compared to 2017.
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Tran, Duc Trong. "Assigning of land location and land price to land parcel using ArcGIS engine." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 62, no. 1 (2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2021.62(1).04.
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Assigning a state price to each land parcel is a frequent and yet important task in the state management of land parcels. Land price is issued for each street. For each street, land price is divided according to level of location 1, 2, 3 and 4. Parcel is assigned to which location level depending on its walking distance to nearest street, and passed minimum alley’s width, etc. The task of valuing land parcels is cumbersome because the number of land parcels to be priced is huge. To alleviate this burden for government staff, a step by step processing model is developed to automatically determine the location level of a particular parcel. Using ArcGIS Engine library and VB.NET programming language, the steps in the proposed model are built into functions in a specialized module for land valuation. Experiment in assigning location level and land prices of Tam Hiep ward, Bien Hoa city, Dong Nai province shows that 91,73% of parcels are assigned the same location level as the location on the issued land location map. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed model in automatically determining location levels and corresponding prices of land parcels.
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Hannum, Christopher, Kerem Yavuz Arslanli, and Ali Furkan Kalay. "Spatial analysis of Twitter sentiment and district-level housing prices." Journal of European Real Estate Research 12, no. 2 (2019): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-08-2018-0036.
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Purpose Studies have shown a correlation and predictive impact of sentiment on asset prices, including Twitter sentiment on markets and individual stocks. This paper aims to determine whether there exists such a correlation between Twitter sentiment and property prices. Design/methodology/approach The authors construct district-level sentiment indices for every district of Istanbul using a dictionary-based polarity scoring method applied to a data set of 1.7 million original tweets that mention one or more of those districts. The authors apply a spatial lag model to estimate the relationship between Twitter sentiment regarding a district and housing prices or housing price appreciation in that district. Findings The findings indicate a significant but negative correlation between Twitter sentiment and property prices and price appreciation. However, the percentage of check-in tweets is found to be positively correlated with prices and price appreciation. Research limitations/implications The analysis is cross-sectional, and therefore, unable to answer the question of whether Twitter can Granger-cause changes in housing markets. Future research should focus on creation of a property-focused lexicon and panel analysis over a longer time horizon. Practical implications The findings suggest a role for Twitter-derived sentiment in predictive models for local variation in property prices as it can be observed in real time. Originality/value This is the first study to analyze the link between sentiment measures derived from Twitter, rather than surveys or news media, on property prices.
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Salam, Rudhiana, Januar Arifin Ruslan, Rizki Risanto Bahar, et al. "KEKUATAN PASAR DALAM PERDAGANGAN BERAS DI KOTA TASIKMALAYA." Jurnal Agristan 5, no. 1 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37058/agristan.v5i1.6952.
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Inflation occurs in food prices, especially rice, which is related to price formation at final consumer level. Market institution adjust their behavior in the face of the market structure. This study aims to analyze existence of market power in the formation of rice prices at the end -consumer level. The data used is weekly price of rice according to quality during the 2019 - 2022 period in Tasikmalaya City. Data analysis was performed using error correction model. Results of the analysis show that there is market power in four of the six qualities of rice traded in Tasikmalaya City. Price setting at various price qualities traded at the retail level is also necessary as an effort to prevent significant price changes such as price regulation at the producer level. Keywords: rice, behavior, market power
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Orlov, Alexander S., and Maria S. Kocherba. "Analysis of the level and dynamics of prices in the pharmaceutical market of Saint Petersburg." Pharmacy Formulas 2, no. 3 (2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/phf35242.
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This article provides detailed results of an in-depth analysis of the price situation in the pharmaceutical market of Saint Petersburg, based on data from the audit of retail sales and hospital purchases, as well as the audit of preferential drug supply in 2012-2019, provided by the research company DSM Group. Using such statistical indicators as weighted average prices, weighted average prices index, Laspeyres price index and structural shifts index, the analysis of the level and dynamics of prices in the drug market of Saint Petersburg as a whole, as well as in its individual segments-retail, hospital and preferential drug provision segment. The results of a comparative analysis of price changes for medicines included in the List of essential and essential medicines and not included in it, for domestic and imported drugs, as well as for medicines belonging to different pharmacotherapeutic groups of Anatomic-therapeutic-chemical classification and located in different price ranges are presented.
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Ševela, M. "Price levels convergence of consumer expenditures in the European Union ." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 5 (2012): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5016-agricecon.
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The convergence of price levels is one of the important aspects of a real convergence and is often viewed as a criterion for the evaluation of preparedness. The convergence process of comparative price levels can run either through the exchange rate channel and/or that of nominal prices. The paper is focused on the assessment of comparative price levels and the rate of their convergence in the enlarged European Union within the period of 1999&ndash;2003. With the exception of Cyprus, the price levels in the new EU member countries were significantly lower. The greatest differences from the price level of EU countries existed in Poland, Slovakia and Baltic countries. The new member countries differ also in the rate of convergence. When combining their initial position and the rate of convergence, it can be concluded that all countries will be able to reach 80% of the comparative price level of the European Union till the year 2010. In Poland, the development is very unfavourable because its price level will reach only 55% provided that there will be no changes in its development.&nbsp;
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Andiojaya, Agung. "TRANSMISI HARGA GABAH TERHADAP HARGA BERAS: TINJAUAN ARAH, BESARAN DAN LAMA PERUBAHAN." JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 14, no. 2 (2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v14i2.24304.
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Policies to maintain rice prices are a sensitive policy in Indonesia so that the government controls the rice price tightly in every level of the rice market. To make sure it runs well, the government needs to take into account the magnitude, direction, and speed of transmission of the rice price changes. When these three things can be monitored and controlled well, the success rate of controlling prices is in hand. This study investigates the direction and speed of transmission of changes in grain prices at the farm level to changes in rice prices at various levels of trade. The empirical results utilizing Granger Causality Test and VAR indicate that changes in the price of grain at the farm level significantly cause changes in rice prices at the milling and wholesale levels in a unidirectional way. Meanwhile, there is a piece of additional information where changes in the retail price of rice significantly cause changes in the price of grain at the farm level rather than vice versa. By implementing the IRFs method reveal the transmission’s duration of price change takes place in the short term and long term. Considering these findings, the policy of stabilizing rice prices at the mill and wholesale levels should be implemented immediately when the price of farmers' grain begins to change.
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Sipan, Ibrahim, Abdul Hamid Mar Iman, and Muhammad Najib Razali. "Spatial–temporal neighbourhood-level house price index." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, no. 2 (2018): 386–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-03-2017-0027.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a spatio-temporal neighbourhood-level house price index (STNL-HPI) incorporating a geographic information system (GIS) functionality that can be used to improve the house price indexation system. Design/methodology/approach By using the Malaysian house price index (MHPI) and application of geographically weighted regression (GWR), GIS-based analysis of STNL-HPI through an application called LHPI Viewer v.1.0.0, the stand-alone GIS-statistical application for STNL-HPI was successfully developed in this study. Findings The overall results have shown that the modelling and GIS application were able to help users understand the visual variation of house prices across a particular neighbourhood. Research limitations/implications This research was only able to acquire data from the federal government over the period 1999 to 2006 because of budget limitations. Data purchase was extremely costly. Because of financial constraints, data with lower levels of accuracy have been obtained from other sources. As a consequence, a major portion of data was mismatched because of the absence of a common parcel identifier, which also affected the comparison of this system to other comparable systems. Originality/value Neighbourhood-level HPI is needed for a better understanding of the local housing market.
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Azwina, Rafika, and Muhammad Syahbudi. "Pengaruh Fluktuasi Harga Komoditas Pangan Terhadap Inflasi di Provinsi Sumatera Utara tahun (2019-2021)." El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam 4, no. 1 (2022): 238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v4i1.1373.
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Inflation has a major impact on the local economy. Inflation cann have a positivee or negativee impact, depending on whether inflation is high or not. The purpose of this study was to analyzee the effect of fluctuations in the price of rice, curly red chilies and broilers on inflation in North Sumatra. This type of research uses quantitative methods. Thee type of data used is secondary data. Data analysis method using VAR. VAR analysis was performed using Evaluation 10 software. The results showed that there were seven variables that had a significant effect on inflation at the 5% level in the short term: inflation one month ago, inflation two months ago, inflation three months ago, and prices. Thee price of rice one month ago, the price of ricee two months ago, thee price of red chili three months ago. In the long run, there are variables that affect inflation. Namely, thee price of rice, the pricee of redd chili, the price of fresh chicken eggs. 
 KEYWORDS: Inflation, Food prices, VECM
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Sukiyono, Ketut, and Miftahul Janah. "Forecasting Model Selection of Curly Red Chili Price at Retail Level." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v2i1.859.
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Chilli is one of strategic commodity in Indonesia due to its contribution to inflation level. For this reason, future price information is very importance for designing price policy. Future price merely can be provided by conducting a price forecasting. Various forecasting models can be applied for this purpose; the problem is which the best model for forecasting is. This study aims to select the most accurate forecasting model of curly red chili prices at the retail level. The data used are monthly data, from 2011 - 2017. Five forecasting models are applied and estimated including Moving Average, Single Exponential Smoothing, Double Exponential Smoothing, Decomposition, and ARIMA. The best model is selected based on the smallest MAPE, MSE and MAD values. The results show that the most accurate forecasting model is ARIMA (1,1,9).
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Casaburi, Lorenzo, and Tristan Reed. "Using Individual-Level Randomized Treatment to Learn about Market Structure." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 14, no. 4 (2022): 58–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20200306.
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Interference across competing firms in RCTs can be informative about market structure. An experiment that subsidizes a random subset of traders who buy cocoa from farmers in Sierra Leone illustrates this idea. Interpreting treatment-control differences in prices and quantities purchased from farmers through a model of Cournot competition reveals differentiation between traders is low. Combining this result with quasi-experimental variation in world prices shows that the number of traders competing is 50 percent higher than the number operating in a village. Own-price and cross-price supply elasticities are high. Farmers face a competitive market in this first stage of the value chain. (JEL L13, L14, O13, Q12, Q13)
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Carvalho, Carlos, Jae Won Lee, and Woong Yong Park. "Sectoral Price Facts in a Sticky-Price Model." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 13, no. 1 (2021): 216–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20190205.
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We develop a multisector sticky-price DSGE model that can endogenously deliver differential responses of prices to aggregate and sectoral shocks. Input-output production linkages and a (standard) monetary policy rule contribute to a slow response of prices to aggregate shocks. In turn, labor market segmentation at the sectoral level induces within-sector strategic substitutability in price-setting decisions, which helps the model deliver a fast response of prices to sector-specific shocks. We estimate the model using aggregate and sectoral price and quantity data for the United States and find that it accounts well for a range of sectoral price facts. (JEL E12, E21, E31, E32, E43, E52)
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Wróblewska, Wioletta, and Eugenia Czernyszewicz. "THE LEVEL AND PRICE VOLATILITY OF BLUEBERRY FRUITS (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM L.) OBTAINED BY PRODUCER AND ON THE WHOLESALE MARKET DURING 2007-2016." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 2 (2017): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1217.
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The aim of the study was to assess the level and volatility of prices of blueberry obtained in the farm (in wholesale on the domestic market and in export) and on the wholesale market during 2007-2016, due to choice of distribution channel. The level, direction and intensification of price changes were analyzed. The study shows that the prices of blueberry at the producer level were characterized by greater volatility than the wholesale market. Prices obtained by the producers on wholesale on the domestic market were significantly lower than in exports and in the wholesale market, on average in the analyzed period accounted for only 69% of the export price and 52% of the wholesale market price. Regardless of where the price comes from,the highest price for fruits was obtained in September, and the lowest in August, which is the month of the largest supply of fruits on the market.
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Shonkwiler, J. S., and T. G. Taylor. "Food Processor Price Behavior: Firm‐Level Evidence of Sticky Prices." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 70, no. 2 (1988): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242063.
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Vestin, David. "Price-level versus inflation targeting." Journal of Monetary Economics 53, no. 7 (2006): 1361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2005.07.015.
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Gaspar, Vitor, and Frank Smets. "Price Level Stability: Some Issues." National Institute Economic Review 174 (October 2000): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795010017400111.
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This article challenges the conventional wisdom that price level targeting necessarily increases the volatility of inflation and economic activity. It shows that the optimal policy under commitment for a society that cares only about the variability of output and inflation involves only a limited degree of base drift. The result crucially depends on the importance of forward-looking behaviour and on the credibility of the commitments. The case for price level targeting is strengthened when the possibility of a binding lower bound on nominal interest rates is considered. This may be increasingly relevant in a low inflation environment. This justifies renewed interest on price level targets in the context of thinking through how to prevent and respond to deflationary risks.
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Sulistiowati, Susanti Evie, Ratya Anindita, and Rosihan Asmara. "PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND PRICE (IMPORTS, PRODUCERS AND CONSUMER) VOLATILITY OF SHALLOT IN PROBOLINGGO REGENCY." Agricultural Social Economic Journal 21, no. 3 (2021): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2021.021.3.8.
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Changes in production, consumption, and import variables cause the price of shallots to fluctuate. A high and unpredictable price fluctuation increasing the volatility problem. This phenomenon gives results in risk, uncertainty and leading to a decline in the welfare of producers and consumers. Based on the description of the problems above, it is important to analyze price, production, import, and consumption volatility to determined the level of risk and uncertainty faced by producers and consumers. This study uses monthly secondary data (time series) on production, price, imports, and consumption of shallots in Probolinggo Regency, for seven years (2013-2019). The ARCH/GARCH method is used to analyze the volatility of prices, production and consumption. The results from the analysis are the production variable has a low level of volatility, the consumption and import prices have high-level volatility, producer price has low-level volatility, while consumer prices has-high level volatility. From the results means that the risks and uncertainties faced by producers in conducting shallot cultivation are low. While for the consumer means the risks and uncertainties in consuming shallots are high.
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Susan M. Rivera and Flordeliza A. Lantican. "Market Level Price Analysis of Copra Trading in the Philippines." CORD 26, no. 1 (2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v26i1.133.
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The dynamics in market level prices was examined for Philippine copra trading. The analysis of the price formation process in the copra miller-dealer-farmer markets showed that a weak form of market integration characterized the trading of copra resecada between dealers and millers in all Philippine regions. In contrast, integration of any form was absent between miller-farmer and dealer-farmer in all regions except in Region V. Likewise, no integration was noted in all market levels when dealers and millers used copra resecada price while farmers were given the copra corriente Pasa price. Important factors were identified that contributed to the level of market integration. Recommendations made encompass areas on coconut production and productivity, market infrastructure and facilities, and pricing system in copra trading.
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Ben Abdallah, Marwa, Maria Fekete Farkas, and Zoltan Lakner. "Analysis of meat price volatility and volatility spillovers in Finland." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 2 (2020): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/158/2019-agricecon.
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Unforeseen important changes in price can present a significant risk in the market. The price fluctuation of agricultural commodities has raised concern for studying the volatility of different agricultural products. A persistent volatility in prices causes continued uncertainty in the market. Higher price volatility is to be mitigated by higher management costs and the higher cost of risk mitigation is often converted into higher producer prices. The aim of this paper is to investigate the price volatility of producer and consumer meat prices and to capture the volatility spillover along the Finnish meat supply chain. The Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity – Baba, Engle, Kraft and Kroner (GARCH-BEKK) model is applied to analyse shocks and volatilities of the prices and to estimate whether the price volatility is flowing from the first price level (producer) to the second price level (consumer), using monthly price indices. An asymmetric volatility spillover effect was detected in the poultry meat and a unidirectional, volatility spillover effect, from consumer to producer, is observed for pork prices. The findings of this study could serve as a tool for forecasting meat producer and consumer prices, which could assist the Finnish government with endorsing policy options to alleviate the price volatility impact, to protect both consumers and producers from its negative effects.
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Yuan, Xiaojun, Yinjie Shen, and Haigang Zhou. "House price and household consumption in China: evidence from micro-level data." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 13, no. 3 (2020): 475–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-10-2019-0103.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify how house price affects household consumption. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a micro-level data set that tracks the house price and consumption of a vast number of households over a period of four years. OLS regression is the main econometric method. Findings The authors document robust evidence that an increase in house prices stimulates household consumption, regardless of whether a household owns or rents. Moreover, the authors find that both acquiring and losing homeownership negatively affects household consumption. Further investigation suggests significant regional heterogeneity in the relationship between house prices and household consumption. Originality/value This is one of the first studies examining the relationship between house price and household consumption in China using micro-level data. Given the uniqueness of the Chinese housing market and China’s fast-growing consumption rate, the study contributes new evidence to the long-lasting debate.