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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Pricing”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 25 lipca 2025

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1

Wang, Xiao-Yong. "Effect of Carbon Pricing on Optimal Mix Design of Sustainable High-Strength Concrete." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (2019): 5827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205827.

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Material cost and CO2 emissions are among the vital issues related to the sustainability of high-strength concrete. This research proposes a calculation procedure for the mix design of silica fume-blended high-strength concrete with an optimal total cost considering various carbon pricings. First, the material cost and CO2 emission cost are determined using concrete mixture and unit prices. Gene expression programming (GEP) is used to evaluate concrete mechanical and workability properties. Second, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to search the optimal mixture, considering various constraints,

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Saputra, Gani. "Pengaruh Pajak, Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas Terhadap Transfer Pricing Dengan Leverage Sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Stusi Empiris Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Makanan dan Minuman Tahun 2017-2021)." Jurnal Literasi Akuntansi 3, no. 1 (2023): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55587/jla.v3i1.88.

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Purpose: This study aims to show the effect of tax, company size and profitability on transfer pricing with leverage as a moderating variable. The nature of this research is quantitative. Methot: The population in this study are food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2021 and there are 40 companies. The research sample used purposive sampling and obtained 15 companies. This research uses secondary data in the form of financial reports and company annual financial reports which are downloaded from www.idx.co.id and the website of each

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Zhang, Lihui, Huiyuan Liu, and Daniel (Jian) Sun. "COMPARISON AND OPTIMIZATION OF CORDON AND AREA PRICINGS FOR MANAGING TRAVEL DEMAND." TRANSPORT 29, no. 3 (2014): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2014.914970.

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This paper analyses both the cordon and area pricings from the perspective of travel demand management. Sensitivity analysis of various performance measures with respect to the toll rate and demand elastic parameter is performed on a virtual grid network. The analysis shows that cordon pricing mainly affects those trips with origins outside of the Central Business District and destinations inside, while area pricing imposes additional cost on the trips with either origins or destinations in the Central Business District. Though both pricing strategies are able to alleviate traffic congestion i

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4

Murodova, Nargiza. "TOURISM PRICING STRATEGIES." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 4, no. 4 (2024): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-04-04-34.

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Tourism pricing strategies are vital for businesses in the travel and hospitality sector to maximize revenue, attract and retain customers, and stay competitive. These strategies range from value-based pricing, which relies on the perceived value to the customer, to dynamic pricing, adjusting costs in real-time based on market demand. Other approaches include discount pricing for off-peak periods, package deals offering combined services, psychological pricing to make costs seem more attractive, penetrationpricing to quickly gain market share, premium pricing for exclusive experiences, seasona

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5

Lahiri, Atanu, Rajiv M. Dewan, and Marshall Freimer. "Pricing of Wireless Services: Service Pricing vs. Traffic Pricing." Information Systems Research 24, no. 2 (2013): 418–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.1120.0434.

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6

Clarabella, Angelina, and Edi Pranoto. "JURIDICIAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSFER PRICING DOCUMENTS IN RESPECT OF TAX AVOIDANCE FOR MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES." UNTAG Law Review 5, no. 2 (2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/ulrev.v5i2.2657.

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<span class="fontstyle0">Essential principle within business world definitely would be maximizing profit and minimizing capital. Hence many companies would struggle<br />and develop their own ways to avoid taxes as much as they could. Tax avoidance which is taken illegally would disrupt government's revenue indeed. This paper discusses normative juridical approach to examine problems as 1. How does transfer pricing documents could help to diagnose tax avoidance practice within companies? 2. How to prevent the occurrence of transfer pricing's shortcomings? This would highlight the t

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7

Swart, Barbara. "Fair pricing, and pricing paradoxes." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 2 (2016): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i2.1136.

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The St Petersburg Paradox revolves round the determination of a fair price for playing the St Petersburg Game. According to the original formulation, the price for the game is infinite, and, therefore, paradoxical. Although the St Petersburg Paradox can be seen as concerning merely a game, Paul Samuelson (1977) calls it a “fascinating chapter in the history of ideas”, a chapter that gave rise to a considerable number of papers over more than 200 years involving fields such as probability theory and economics. In a paper in this journal, Vivian (2013) undertook a numerical investigation of the

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8

Wrede, Matthias. "Uniform Pricing Versus Mill Pricing." Journal of Regional Science 43, no. 1 (2003): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9787.00008.

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9

Johansson, Magnus, Niklas Hallberg, Andreas Hinterhuber, Mark Zbaracki, and Stephan Liozu. "Pricing strategies and pricing capabilities." Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management 11, no. 1 (2011): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/rpm.2011.42.

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10

Sim, Kyoungbo. "Predatory Pricing with Personalized Pricing." International Telecommunications Policy Review 31, no. 2 (2024): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.37793/itpr.31.2.3.

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Rosenberg, Alan E. "Congestion Pricing or Monopoly Pricing?" Electricity Journal 13, no. 3 (2000): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6190(00)00094-4.

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12

Chen, Zengjing, and Reg Kulperger. "Minimax pricing and Choquet pricing." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 38, no. 3 (2006): 518–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2005.11.010.

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13

KOSTYRKO, L. A., O. O. LEMISHKO, and T. V. SOLOMATINA. "Pricing as an instrument for ensuring the profitability of the company." Market Relations Development in Ukraine 105, no. 11(270) (2024): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10528569.

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The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical issues of modern pricing and the study ofapproaches to setting the minimum price for various business cases.The purpose of the study is to reveal the problematic issues of pricing policy in the currentUkrainian economy and to develop methodological recommendations for choosing approaches topricing for commercial companies depending on the tasks of managing business development in theconditions of the modern economic environment.Research methods. The empirical basis of the research is the elaborated scientific publicationsof periodicals

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14

Jafri, Hasan Effendi, and Elia Mustikasari. "Pengaruh Perencaan Pajak, Tunnneling Incentive dan Aset Tidak Berwujud Terhadap Perilaku Transfer Pricing pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Memiliki Hubungan Istimewa yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2014-2016." Berkala Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia 3, no. 2 (2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/baki.v3i2.9969.

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This aim of this research is testing effect of tax planning, incentive tunneling and intangible assets to transfer pricing behavior as measured by sales of related parties divided by sales of non-related parties. Tax planning is measured by Cash ETR, incentive tunneling measured by related party parties divided by total assets and intangible assets measured by total intangible assets divided by total sales. The population in this study is a manufacturing company listed on the Indnesia Stock Exchange 2014-2016. Determination of selected sample in research using purposive sampling method. Examin

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15

Kovtunenko, Yurii, Anna Hryhorieva, and Oleksandra Probniak. "The Role of the Enterprise's Price Policy in Modern Conditions." Economics: time realities 6, no. 70 (2023): 37–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10328059.

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This article is dedicated to exploring the role of modern pricing policy in today's realities. It examines the main research and publications of domestic scholars-scientists, characterizes different interpretations of pricing policy, its methods, strategies, principles, and approaches, and defines the main features of a company's pricing policy in modern conditions. Attention is drawn to the significance of pricing strategy for companies in the context of globalization and increased competition in the markets. During the analysis of pricing, it considers contemporary pricing positions, taking

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16

Murodova, N. U. "PRICING STRATEGIES IN TOURISM." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 4, no. 12 (2024): 36–45. https://doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-04-12-06.

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This article explores various pricing strategies utilized in the tourism industry to maximize revenue and enhance competitiveness. The tourism sector is characterized by fluctuations in demand based on seasonality, customer preferences, and external factors. The article also highlights the importance of penetration pricing, premium pricing, and geographic pricing in catering to different market segments. Effective pricing strategies enable tourism businesses to balance profitability with customer satisfaction, ultimately contributing to their long-term success.

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17

(Buzzy) Basch, N. Bernard. "Pricing." Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 12, no. 2 (1988): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-6408(88)90069-5.

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18

Yeoman, Dr Ian. "Pricing." Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management 6, no. 1 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.rpm.5160062.

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19

Sinclair, Stuart. "Pricing." Journal of Business Strategy 14, no. 3 (1993): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb039554.

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Heenan, David A. "Pricing." Journal of Business Strategy 14, no. 6 (1993): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb039597.

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21

Sibbald, Barbara. "Fair pricing or pricing for profit?" Canadian Medical Association Journal 189, no. 20 (2017): E733—E734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1095429.

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22

Shipley, David, and David Jobber. "Integrative Pricing via the Pricing Wheel." Industrial Marketing Management 30, no. 3 (2001): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0019-8501(99)00098-x.

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Miraldo, Marisa. "Reference pricing and firms’ pricing strategies." Journal of Health Economics 28, no. 1 (2009): 176–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.09.006.

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24

Liang, Ling, Lin Tian, Jiaping Xie, Jianhong Xu, and Weisi Zhang. "Optimal pricing model of car-sharing: market pricing or platform pricing." Industrial Management & Data Systems 121, no. 3 (2021): 594–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-04-2020-0230.

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PurposeThe car-sharing market has entered the mature stage, and consumers' demand shows a diversified increasing trend. This paper considers two modes of operation and two pricing strategies, which are business-to-consumer and consumer-to-consumer modes, market pricing and platform pricing. Under these conditions, the platform's revenue-sharing ratio will be different. The purpose of this paper is to explore this research question, and seeks an optimal pricing mechanism that can achieve a win–win situation between platform and automobile manufacturer in the two market modes.Design/methodology/

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25

Sastro, Wahyudi. "Analisis Lanjut Metode Beda Hingga Eksplisit Untuk Menentukan Harga Opsi." Unisda Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science (UJMC) 5, no. 01 (2019): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/ujmc.v5i01.1302.

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Abstract. Explicit finite difference method is used to approximate a partial differential equation that is applied to determine the option pricing. The results of this study note that the calculation of option pricing using explicit finite difference method is negative when partition N ≥ 25 with a value of -2.21. Thus, the results of the calculation of option pricing are not convergent and away from the results of analyzing the option pricirng (Black-Scholes) solution. This is because one of the three probabilities Bj = 1- σ2j2Δt is negative, namely (-0.12) when j ≥ 12 with S ≥ 16.25 (in units

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26

Ezreal, Twell Henry, Abdul Karim Nurulnathirah, Izzati Yusop Amy, and Liew Teo Piaw Lewis. "Bundling Pricing Model." Malaysia Journal of Invention and Innovation 2, no. 4 (2023): 38–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8031066.

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Bundling pricing is a strategy employed by businesses to offer several products as a package and sold as a single unit for one price. In today’s competitive environment, the bundling pricing has gained traction in all types of businesses. It has become an effective method in boosting profits while enhancing overall customer experience, especially during economic downturn where customers are more skeptical about price. However, it is crucial to create bundles with products that consumers genuinely need and set reasonable prices. Price bundling becomes an effective task if a business is ar

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27

Hameed, Omotola Ojodu, Victor Ajibayo Adeyeye, and Tosin Bulugbe Oluwasegun. "The influence of value-based pricing and cost-based pricing strategy on organisational performance in Nigeria." Lagos Journal of Psychology Volume 1, No. 1, September, 2023 (2023): 165–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10206561.

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The environment of business is competitive, as well as dynamic. Thus, businesses put up allnecessary strategies to outsmart one another, because the performance of each organisationdecides who will be the market leader, as well as market followers. One of the strategies that isbeing used by organisations is the pricing strategy. To this end, this research was conducted tofind out the impact of value-based pricing and cost-based pricing on organisational performance.Organisations considered in this study are businesses that produce either goods or services, henceinvolved in offering exchange. H

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28

Dr.A.Shaji, George. "Realizing the Promise of Dynamic Pricing Through Responsible Innovation." Partners Universal International Research Journal (PUIRJ) 03, no. 03 (2024): 21–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13822630.

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Dynamic pricing, or the practice of altering rates in response to demand, is becoming more common in businesses such as air travel, hotels, and entertainment. While the economic idea of balancing supply and demand through pricing is sound, dynamic pricing implementations have sparked customer skepticism. The lack of transparency in demand metrics and price setting fuels the perception that the systems are manipulative ploys to overcharge clients. Though dynamic pricing tries to maximize revenue when demand spikes, customers believe the slant is exclusively upward during peak hours. Case studie

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Moses, Zingwina, and Masekesa Roni. "The Relationship Between Pricing Strategies and Profitability of Office Automation Entities: A Case of Harare Office Automation Companies, Zimbabwe." Indiana Journal of Economics and Business Management 4, no. 5 (2024): 8–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13969251.

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The study investigated the relationship between pricing strategies and profitability of office automation entities in Harare. The research adopted the mixed research methodology. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between pricing strategies and profitability. The research design was a descriptive survey. The study used interviews and surveys as data collection tools. The study findings revealed that there is a strong relationship between pricing strategies and profitability in the majority of office automation entities. The study recommended that office automation ent

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Balkish, Renata Violetta, Trijoko Prasetyo, and Basuki Wibowo. "ANALISIS HUBUNGAN MANAJEMEN PAJAK, SELISIH KURS DAN KEPEMILIKAN ASING DENGAN TRANSFER PRICING PERUSAHAAN." Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan 25, no. 1 (2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jak.v25i1.194.

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Transfer pricing is the company's policy in determining the transfer price of related parties transaction. The purposed of this research is to get empirical evidence about the correlation of tax management, exchange rate, and foreign ownership with transfer pricing’s company. Independent variables used in this research are tax management, exchange rate and foreign ownership. Dependent variable of this research is transfer pricing. The population in this research are mining companies and miscellaneous industries listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2018. The method used for dete

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Mishina, S. V. "Pricing and pricing policy in the organization." CONTINUUM. MATHS. INFORMATICS. EDUCATION, no. 3 (2020): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2500-1957-2020-3-109-116.

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LeBlanc, Greg. "Signalling Strength: Limit Pricing and Predatory Pricing." RAND Journal of Economics 23, no. 4 (1992): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555901.

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Chang, Shih-Kang, and Latha Shanker. "OPTION PRICING AND THE ARBITRAGE PRICING THEORY." Financial Review 21, no. 3 (1986): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.1986.tb00681.x.

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Hinterhuber, Andreas, and Stephan M. Liozu. "Pricing ROI, pricing capabilities and firm performance." Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management 14, no. 3 (2015): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/rpm.2015.11.

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Kahn, Alfred E., Peter C. Cramton, Robert H. Porter, and Richard D. Tabors. "Uniform Pricing or Pay-as-Bid Pricing." Electricity Journal 14, no. 6 (2001): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6190(01)00216-0.

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Chang, Jack S. K., and Latha Shanker. "OPTION PRICING AND THE ARBITRAGE PRICING THEORY." Journal of Financial Research 10, no. 1 (1987): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6803.1987.tb00470.x.

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Liozu, Stephan M., and Andreas Hinterhuber. "Pricing orientation, pricing capabilities, and firm performance." Management Decision 51, no. 3 (2013): 594–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251741311309670.

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Carassus, Laurence, and Miklós Rásonyi. "Risk-Neutral Pricing for Arbitrage Pricing Theory." Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 186, no. 1 (2020): 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10957-020-01699-6.

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Shivani, Lilender. "AIRLINE PRICING: HOW AIRLINES USE PRICING STRATGEIES." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31778.

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Airline pricing strategies play a pivotal role in the aviation industry's revenue management. This abstract explores the intricate mechanisms behind airline pricing, delving into the fundamental principles, factors, and techniques utilized by airlines to set fares. Drawing from a combination of academic research, industry reports, and real-world examples, this abstract provides a concise overview of the dynamic landscape of airline pricing. The abstract begins by elucidating the core objectives of airline pricing strategies, emphasizing the dual goals of maximizing revenue and optimizing capac

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Ren, Gui, and Tao Meng. "Research on Pricing Methods of Convertible Bonds Based on Deep Learning GAN Models." International Journal of Financial Studies 11, no. 4 (2023): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11040145.

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This paper proposes two data-driven models (including LSTM pricing model, WGAN pricing model) and an improved model of LSM based on GAN to analyze the pricing of convertible bonds. In addition, the LSM model with higher precision in traditional pricing model is selected for comparative study with other pricing models. It is found that the traditional LSM pricing model has a large error in the first-day pricing, and the pricing function needs to be further improved. Among the four pricing models, LSTM pricing model and WGAN pricing model have the best pricing effect. The WGAN pricing model is b

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Mohan, M. Madhu, and C. S. Jayanthi rasad. "Pricing Strategies – In Retail Sector." International Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 7 (2012): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/dec2012/45.

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Nerudová, D., and V. Solilová. "Transfer pricing in agricultural enterprises." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 7 (2011): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/84/2010-agricecon.

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International tax issues already have not been problems of multinational enterprises. The effect of globalization and international business development causes that many small and medium size firms including agricultural entities are now engaged in the cross-border transactions and have to face the international tax issues. One of the important areas of international taxes is transfer pricing. The transactions between these persons should be assessed at their arm's length price according to the arm's length principle (internationally accepted standard) as the price which would have been agreed

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Suri, Tanya. "Predatory Pricing Practices in India." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 2 (2022): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr22212193620.

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Melnychenko, Ruslan, Kateryna Pugachevska, and Kyrylo Kasianok. "Tax control of transfer pricing." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 4 (2017): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(4).2017.05.

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The subject of the scientific work is analysis of the essence of the “transfer pricing” concept. It has been proven that transfer pricing is an economic and legal tool used by business entities for their tax burden optimization. It has been concluded that the concept “transfer price” means the price generated by multinational corporations in the process of commercial activity between the affiliated companies located in different countries and, correspondingly, different tax jurisdictions. In essence, transfer pricing means intra-company pricing of goods transferred between the enterprise subdi

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Adhika, Firdha Nanda, and Sartika Wulandari. "Pengaruh Beban Pajak, Mekanisme Bonus, Exchange Rate, dan Intangible Asset terhadap Keputusan Transfer Pricing." Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business 7, no. 1 (2023): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v7i1.900.

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Business development encourages companies to grow into multinational companies whose activities are not only centered on one country. In transactions carried out by multinational companies, it is possible for companies to manipulate transfer prices (transfer pricing). The practice of transfer pricing is carried out with the hope of reducing the tax burden and also minimizing the amount of tax that must be paid to the State. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the tax burden, bonus mechanism, exchange rate, and intangible assets on manufacturing companies listed on the Indon

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Zhou, Ji Chang. "Pricing Strategy Study on Environmental Pollution Liability Insurance in China." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1529.

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The research discovered that the calculation pricing theory, the risk effectiveness pricing theory, the financial pricing theory is the pricing main theory basis, adopts the option pricing and in the calculation pricing union, the pricing method in the pricing technology uses one by one method and the classification unifies, adopts the corresponding pricing strategy in the practical application, only then can calculate conforms to the insurance enterprise, the insurance company, the third party wish and the benefit price.

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Li, Feng. "Option Pricing." Journal of Derivatives 7, no. 4 (2000): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jod.2000.319134.

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Barnett II, William, Michael Saliba, and Walter Block. "Predatory pricing." Corporate Ownership and Control 4, no. 4 (2007): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i4c3p4.

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Predatory pricing is logically impossible, because it necessarily involves pricing below cost. However, cost, properly understood as opportunity cost is subjective and is incommensurable with money prices; more important, to price below cost implies rationally choosing an alternative (selling at price) that is suboptimal, since cost is the most highly valued alternative not chosen. When critics declare that predatory pricing is to price below cost, they mean to set a price below some measure of money expenses. But this entails all kinds of problems; which concept of expense – marginal is most

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Baldenius, T. "Internal Pricing." Foundations and Trends in Accounting 3, no. 4 (2008): 223–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/1400000013.

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Wricke, Martin, Andreas Herrmann, and Frank Huber. "Behavioral Pricing." WiSt - Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium 29, no. 12 (2000): 692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0340-1650-2000-12-692.

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