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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Probabilities Study and teaching”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 19 lutego 2022

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1

Fanshawe, Thomas R., Michael Power, Sara Graziadio, José M. Ordóñez-Mena, John Simpson, and Joy Allen. "Interactive visualisation for interpreting diagnostic test accuracy study results." BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 23, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebmed-2017-110862.

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Information about the performance of diagnostic tests is typically presented in the form of measures of test accuracy such as sensitivity and specificity. These measures may be difficult to translate directly into decisions about patient treatment, for which information presented in the form of probabilities of disease after a positive or a negative test result may be more useful. These probabilities depend on the prevalence of the disease, which is likely to vary between populations. This article aims to clarify the relationship between pre-test (prevalence) and post-test probabilities of dis

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Gorka, Artur, and Phantipa Thipwiwatpotjana. "The Importance of Fuzzy Preference in Course Assignment Problem." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/106727.

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This paper points out the importance of fuzzy preference by using a teaching course assignment problem as a case study. The model with fuzzy teaching preference provides a more satisfactory solution to a course assignment problem than assigning arbitrary weights. A method for improving a fuzzy membership function by using sensitivity analysis is devised. The method with fuzzy preferences is compared with a model using weighted probabilities.

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Chen, Xu, Bin Xu, Kunjie Yu, and Wenli Du. "Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization with Learning Enthusiasm Mechanism and Its Application in Chemical Engineering." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2018 (2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1806947.

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Teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) is a population-based metaheuristic search algorithm inspired by the teaching and learning process in a classroom. It has been successfully applied to many scientific and engineering applications in the past few years. In the basic TLBO and most of its variants, all the learners have the same probability of getting knowledge from others. However, in the real world, learners are different, and each learner’s learning enthusiasm is not the same, resulting in different probabilities of acquiring knowledge. Motivated by this phenomenon, this study introd

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Bako, IA, PO Agada, PM Utoo, and AJ Ikughur. "Bed-Occupancy Management in the Emergency Wards of the Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi using the Queuing Model." Journal of Epidemiological Society of Nigeria 1 (February 28, 2017): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jeson.15.

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Background: Patients who present at the Emergency Departments require specialized care and therefore should have access to beds, where necessary, in a timely manner. This study was aimed at using the queuing model to determine the optimal number of beds required for zero delay probability at the emergency wards of the Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria.  Methodology: The study used the M/G/C/C queuing model for bed optimization at the emergency wards. Information on arrival, length of stay and number of beds for each of the wards covering three years v

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Cooper, Darren, Steve Higgins, and Nadin Beckmann. "Online Instructional Videos as a Complimentary Method of Teaching Practical Rehabilitation Skills for Groups and Individuals." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 45, no. 4 (May 17, 2017): 546–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047239516669104.

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Online instructional videos are becoming increasingly common within education. This study adopts a quasi-experimental 2 × 2 crossover design (control and experimental groups) to evaluate the efficacy of instructional videos to teach practical rehabilitation skills. The students performed practical sessions in class and were formatively assessed by their lecturers. The results demonstrate that the group effect was moderate with an effect size of 0.68, CI [0.04, 1.31]; the magnitude-based inferences indicate the probabilities the video was beneficial or trivial or harmful were 93.9% or 5.4% or 0

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Harshith N, Monica Muthamma P.P, Kanakavalli K, Kundury, and Sujay Mugaloremutt Jayadeva. "A Study on Assessing Staff and Patient Perception on Electronic Prescription in a tertiary care Teaching Hospital." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 1051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4242.

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Electronic Prescription Concept is very predominant to enhance digitalization and Automation in the healthcare sector. The Electronic prescription concept may require still more time for full-scale implementation in India. The main goal of the study was to know about current practices adopted in Paperless prescriptions and to survey the consciousness of Electronic prescription among staff and patient family members. The study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Mysore for three months. Questionnaires were designed for both the hospital staff in Intensive care units (ICU’S) an

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Al Tamimi, Abdul-Rehman. "The Effect of Using Ausubel's Assimilation Theory and the Metacognitive Strategy (K.W.L) in Teaching Probabilities and Statistics Unit for First Grade Middle School Students’ Achievement and Mathematical Communication." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n1p276.

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The study aimed to investigate the effect of using Ausubel's assimilation theory and the metacognitive strategy (K.W.L) in teaching statistics and probability unit for students of second grade – middle school students’ achievement and mathematical communication. The study sample consisted of 168 grade – middle school students in Hail. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups; the first (N=56) students and the second (N=56), and a control group (N=56). The first experimental group was studied using Ausubel's model; the second experimental group was studied using the metacognitive

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Ejiofor, Kingsley E. "Designers project: Afrotouch Brands." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 3 (June 23, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2016-0149.

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Subject area Entrepreneurship, Analysis of business problems. Study level/applicability Masters in business administration, Entrepreneurship management. Case overview The CEO of Afrotouch Brands, Mr Emeka Emmanuel, must decide what level of investment his company would need to implement to increase its market share and revenue, thus ensuring adequate business competitiveness. Afrotouch Brands was among the leading names in gift items and indoor furniture in Nigeria. Despite the business main outlet in Victoria Island, the highbrow commercial centre in the city of Lagos, it has other high-profi

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Pitukhin, Evgeny A., and Olga A. Zyateva. "Analysis of the dynamics of the publication activity of the university in terms of employee categories." Perspectives of Science and Education 52, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2021.4.37.

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Introduction. In recent years, the goal of the state policy in the field of science and higher education was to make the universities occupy competing positions in international assessment systems, including scientific potential. Therefore, the universities need constructive solutions able to ensure the growth of the corresponding indicators. The purpose of the research is to analyze the dynamics of the publication activity of the university staff. Materials and methods. Data on the number of publications of university employees in the world's leading scientometric databases Web of Science and

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Stolz, Jörg, and Anaïd Lindemann. "The Titanic Game: Introducing Game Heuristics to Mixed Methods Theorizing and Data Analysis." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 14, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 522–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689819885723.

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Despite tremendous interest in social games and game studies, the potential of game heuristics for the field of mixed methods remains unknown. This article introduces game heuristics to mixed methods research, showing how it was used in a specific study on the survival probabilities on the Titanic. Specifically, we describe how game heuristics was used to create the explanandum, code and interpret the qualitative material, and set up and interpret the quantitative model. Furthermore, we show and explicate how game heuristics was used to construct seven types of meta-inferences. The Titanic dat

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Dunkerton, Suzanna, Yadava Jeve, Neil Walkinshaw, Eamonn Breslin, and Tanu Singhal. "Predicting Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) during Cesarean Delivery Using the Leicester PPH Predict Tool: A Retrospective Cohort Study." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 02 (August 28, 2017): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606332.

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Objective The aim of the present study was to develop a toolkit combining various risk factors to predict the risk of developing a postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during a cesarean delivery. Study Design A retrospective cohort study of 24,230 women who had cesarean delivery between January 2003 and December 2013 at a tertiary care teaching hospital within the United Kingdom serving a multiethnic population. Data were extracted from hospital databases, and risk factors for PPH were identified. Hothorn et al recursive partitioning algorithm was used to infer a conditional decision tree. For each of

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Vlasov, Dmitriy. "Analysis of the Possibilities of Using the Wald-Savage Test for the Study of Game Models." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 9, no. 4 (January 11, 2021): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2020-82-88.

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Within the framework of this article, the mechanisms for constructing and researching the game model for choosing the investor's optimal investment strategy in various information conditions are disclosed: building many players, building many players' strategies, the option of formalizing the payment function in the form of a game matrix, many optimality criteria, methods of justifying the choice of the strategy optimality criterion. Against the background of the application of classical criteria (Savage criterion, Wald criterion, Hodge-Lehman criterion, Hermeyer criterion), special attention

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Sweet, Robert, Ashley Pullman, Maria Adamuti-Trache, and Karen Robson. "Ethno-linguistic patterns of degree completion in BC universities: How important are high-school academic achievement and institution of entry?" Canadian Journal of Higher Education 49, no. 3 (January 9, 2020): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1066636ar.

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We examine bachelor's degree completion in the British Columbia post-secondary system, which is noted for its multiple pathways to graduation and ethnically diverse student population. Employing an administrative longitudinal dataset, we compare how the probability of degree completion by students enrolled at research-intensive, teaching-intensive, and college-technical institutions differs by ethno-linguistic background and high school grades. Estimates from multi-level logistic regression modelsdemonstrate that Korean, Tagalog, and Vietnamese speakers have lower probabilities of degree compl

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Sweet, Robert, Ashley Pullman, Maria Adamuti-Trache, and Karen Robson. "Ethno-linguistic patterns of degree completion in BC universities: How important are high-school academic achievement and institution of entry?" Canadian Journal of Higher Education 49, no. 3 (December 10, 2019): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v49i3.188531.

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We examine bachelor's degree completion in the British Columbia post-secondary system, which is noted for its multiple pathways to graduation and ethnically diverse student population. Employing an administrative longitudinal dataset, we compare how the probability of degree completion by students enrolled at research-intensive, teaching-intensive, and college-technical institutions differs by ethno-linguistic background and high school grades. Estimates from multi-level logistic regression modelsdemonstrate that Korean, Tagalog, and Vietnamese speakers have lower probabilities of degree compl

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Panda, Rajendra Kumar, P. Ansuman Abhisek, Lalit Mohan Sika, Shweta Supriya Pradhan, Sidharth Srabana Routray, and Srikanta Mohanty. "Utilisation of antimicrobial agents in intensive care unit at a tertiary care teaching hospital in eastern India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 9 (August 28, 2019): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20193672.

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Background: Antimicrobial agents (AMAs) are the most frequently used drugs in the intensive care units (ICU) and regular auditing can prevent the development of resistance to AMAs, reduce the cost and incidence of adverse drug reactions. The present study was conducted to assess the drug utilisation pattern by measuring the defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 bed days for the AMAs used and their correlation with the APACHE score II.Methods: This was a prospective observational study, conducted in the Central ICU of SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha for 4 months. Data regarding dem

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Anishchenko, E. B., L. V. Trankovskaya, A. A. Vazhenina, and I. R. Miroshnichenko. "Hygienic assessment of the tension of the labor process and emotional state of the teaching staff of a medical university." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2010-02.

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The medical condition of the higher-education teaching personnel of the university is reflected in the quality of the educational process in the educational institution and, as a consequence, in the formation of professional competencies of future graduates. It is known that workers in the fields of education and health care more than others are subject to stress, physical inactivity and, as a result, professional (emotional) burnout. The present study is devoted to the study of the state of health, activity, mood, professional (emotional) burnout of the teaching staff of a medical university,

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Balan, Marli Aparecida Joaquim, William Campo Meschial, Rosangela Geritana Santana, Simone Mancini Liduário Suzuki, and Magda Lúcia Félix de Oliveira. "Validation of an instrument for investigating knowledge on the initial assistance to burns victims." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 23, no. 2 (June 2014): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072014000380013.

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This study featured a methodological quantitative approach and its objective was to validate an instrument on the initial assistance given to burns victims, on medical and nursing knowledge, using the theoretical stage of Pasquali's model. The data were collected in June - August 2008, in two parts: analysis of face validity and content validity by 18 judges; and analysis of internal consistency, undertaken through Item Response Theory, by 42 doctors and nurses from a teaching hospital in the North-West region of the Brazilian state of Paraná. Following the judges' analysis, 35 questions regar

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do Vale, Carliene, Poliano Bastos da Cruz, and Carlos Jorge Taborda Macedo. "The Effects of Compliance on the Results of Management of Support Foundations of Public Universities." Studies in Educational Management 6 (July 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/sem.2020.06.01.

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This work proposes to study Support Foundations that are private non-profit organizations which support public universities by managing their teaching, research and extension projects. These foundations are inserted as the Third Sector Institutions. The research targets verify if the compliance level affects the surplus probability of support foundations. The sample includes thirty-four support foundations. The accounting statements analyzed were the balance sheet; the deficit and/or surplus demonstration; the statement of changes in shareholders’ equity; the cash flow statement and the explan

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Poses, Roy M., D. Mark Chaput De Saintonge, Donna K. Mcclish, Wally R. Smith, Elizabeth C. Huber, F. Lynne W. Clemo, Brian P. Schmitt, et al. "An International Comparison of Physicians' Judgments of Outcome Rates of Cardiac Procedures and Attitudes toward Risk, Uncertainty, Justifiability, and Regret." Medical Decision Making 18, no. 2 (January 1998): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x9801800201.

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Objective. Compare U.K. and U.S. physicians' judgments of population probabilities of important outcomes of invasive cardiac procedures; and values held by them about risk, uncertainty, regret, and justifiability relevant to utilization of cardiac treatments. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. University hospital and VA medical center in the United States; two teaching hospitals in the United Kingdom. Participants. 171 housestaff and attendings at U.S. teaching hospitals; 51 physician trainees and consultants at U.K. hospitals. Measures. Judgments of probabilities of severe complications

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Turner, Mark O., John R. Mayo, Nestor L. Müller, Michael Schulzer, and J. Mark FitzGerald. "The Value of Thoracic Computed Tomography Scans in Clinical Diagnosis: A Prospective Study." Canadian Respiratory Journal 13, no. 6 (2006): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/859870.

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BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) scans are used extensively to investigate chest disease because of their cross-sectional perspective and superior contrast resolution compared with chest radiographs. These advantages lead to a more accurate imaging assessment of thoracic disease. The actual use and evaluation of the clinical impact of thoracic CT has not been assessed since scanners became widely available.OBJECTIVE: To identify patterns of utilization, waiting times and the impact of CT scan results on clinical diagnoses.DESIGN: A before and after survey of physicians who had ordered thor

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Kinnear, Benjamin, Philip A. Hagedorn, Matthew Kelleher, Courtney Ohlinger, and Jonathan Tolentino. "Integrating Bayesian reasoning into medical education using smartphone apps." Diagnosis 6, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dx-2018-0065.

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Abstract Background Diagnostic reasoning is an important topic in medical education, and diagnostic errors are increasingly recognized as large contributors to patient morbidity and mortality. One way to improve learner understanding of the diagnostic process is to teach the concepts of Bayesian reasoning and to make these concepts practical for clinical use. Many clinician educators do not fully understand Bayesian concepts and they lack the tools to incorporate Bayesian reasoning into clinical practice and teaching. Methods The authors developed an interactive workshop using visual models of

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Alagkiozidis, Ioannis, Kirstie Wilson, Nicole Ruffner, Jeremy Weedon, Eli Serur, Katherine Economos, Ovadia Abulafia, Yi-Chun Lee, and Ghadir Salame. "External Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Survival of Women With Uterine Cancer in a Cohort of African American Patients." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 24, no. 1 (January 2014): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000000039.

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to externally validate a nomogram for predicting overall survival of women with uterine cancer in an African American population.MethodsAfter the institutional review board approval, data from the uterine cancer database from 2 major teaching hospitals in Brooklyn, NY, were analyzed. The predicted survival for each patient was calculated with the use of the nonogram; the data were clustered in deciles and compared with the observed survival data.ResultsHigh incidence of aggressive histologic types (22% carcinosarcoma, 16% serous/clear cell), poorly differentiated (53%

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Rodríguez-Benito, Andrea Jhoanna, and Margarita Durán-Gómez. "Implementation of educational technology for the development of computational thinking in fourth grade children in a public educational institution in Colombia." Revista Perspectivas 5, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/25909215.2827.

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Statistics are becoming more and more important in the teaching of mathematics, being an essential part of the curricula and school environments, for which this project seeks to solve a problem that was detected in the Ciudad Verde educational institution and that is related to the prediction, interpretation and calculation of probabilities in fourth grade students. When carrying out an analysis, it was possible to show that it is necessary to strengthen these probabilistic knowledge that are fundamental in the learning processes of students and that in fact are part of the daily context; ther

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Brinne Roos, Johanna, Per Bergenzaun, Kristina Groth, Lars Lundell, and Urban Arnelo. "Telepresence-teleguidance to facilitate training and quality assurance in ERCP: a health economic modeling approach." Endoscopy International Open 08, no. 03 (February 21, 2020): E326—E337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1068-9153.

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Abstract Background and study aims The aims of this study was to document the clinical and training relevance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) teleguidance (as a clinical model for applied telemedicine) with health economic modeling methodologies. Methods Probabilities and consequences of complications after ERCP performed by either a novice-trainee or supported through teleguidance (TM) by an expert formed the basis of the health economic model. Results The main clinical and economic outcomes originated from the base case scenario representing a low-volume center. In

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Sari, Dwi Ivayana, I. Ketut Budayasa, and Dwi Juniati. "ANALISIS PENYELESAIAN TUGAS PROBABILITAS SISANALISIS PENYELESAIAN TUGAS PROBABILITAS SISWA SD DITINJAU DARI PERBEDAAN KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIKA DAN GENDER." AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika 7, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v7i1.1344.

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This study is aimed to analyze probabilistic thinking of elementary school students based on math ability and gender differences. Descriptive explorative approach was used to describe in depth probabilistic thinking of boys with high, middle, low math ability and girls with high, middle, low math ability. The result showed that probabilistic thinking of boy with high math ability indicated multistructural because his thinking quantitative and proportional. While probabilistic thinking of boys with middle, low math ability and girls with high, middle, low math ability indicated unistructural be

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Limbong, Nimrod. "HUBUNGAN KOMPETENSI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA DENGAN KOMITMEN GURU MELAKSANAKAN TUGAS PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN SEKABUPATEN TOBA SAMOSIR." Jurakunman (Jurnal Akuntansi dan Manajemen) 14, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.48042/jurakunman.v14i1.69.

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ABSTRACT This research aims to see connection between teacher competence and work motivation with commitment of religion teacher embraced with spreading questionnaires. Hypothesis tested in this research are: (1) There is relation of teacher’s competence with commitment of religion teacher to implement job. (2) There is connection between motivation of teaching occupation of religion teacher. (3). There is connection between mastery of competence by the teacher and motivation of teaching to occupation of religion teacher. This study use quantitative research method with the entire

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Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher, Robin Morgan, Naziha Chelaghma, Joyeeta Palit, Christopher Keil, Rasha Omer, Katharine Cartwright, and Evangelos I. Kritsotakis. "External validity and clinical usefulness of a risk prediction model for 30 day unplanned hospitalization in patients receiving outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, no. 8 (April 25, 2021): 2204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab127.

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Abstract Objectives Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is increasingly used to treat a variety of infections. However, hospital readmissions remain relatively common. We examined the external validity and clinical usefulness of a previously derived risk prediction model for 30 day unplanned hospitalization in patients receiving OPAT. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted at two large teaching hospitals in the UK. The design comprised quasi-external temporal validation on patients from the same OPAT setting as the model development, and broader external validation o

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Lauseker, Michael, Joerg Hasford, Markus Pfirrmann, and Rüdiger Hehlmann. "Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Patients Treated In Teaching Hospitals Seem To Have a Survival Advantage Compared To Other Settings." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3997.3997.

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Abstract Introduction Treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has changed considerably due to the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. As a consequence, CML is nowadays increasingly treated in municipal hospitals (MH) and at office-based physicians (OBP) and not only in teaching hospitals (TH). It is unknown how this affects the outcomes of CML patients. Thus we analysed if patients at TH have a survival advantage in comparison to patients that are treated in MH or at OBP. Patients All patients with chronic phase Ph+ CML and admitted to the German CML Study IV [Hehlmann et al. JCO 2013,

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George, Glyn. "Parallel probabilities." Mathematical Gazette 104, no. 560 (June 18, 2020): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2020.50.

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After several years of teaching an introduction to probability and statistics for engineering degree students, my attention has been captured by some variations on the familiar general addition law of probability. Network analysis of components connected in parallel is one of many applications.

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Housten, Ashley J., Geetanjali R. Kamath, Therese B. Bevers, Scott B. Cantor, Nickell Dixon, Andre Hite, Michael A. Kallen, Viola B. Leal, Liang Li, and Robert J. Volk. "Does Animation Improve Comprehension of Risk Information in Patients with Low Health Literacy? A Randomized Trial." Medical Decision Making 40, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x19890296.

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Introduction. Enhanced visual effects, like animation, have the potential to improve comprehension of probabilistic risk information, particularly for those with lower health literacy. We tested the effect of presentation format on comprehension of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening probabilities to identify optimal risk communication strategies. Methods. Participants from a community foodbank and a cancer prevention center were randomized to 1 of 3 CRC screening risk presentations. The presentations used identical content but varied in format: 1) video with animated pictographs, 2) video with

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Berthelot, S., E. Lang, H. Quan, and H. Stelfox. "LO085: Canadian in-hospital mortality for patients with emergency-sensitive conditions." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.122.

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Introduction: The emergency department (ED) hospital standardized mortality ratio (ED-HSMR) measures risk-adjusted mortality for patients admitted to hospital with conditions for which ED care may improve outcomes (emergency-sensitive conditions). This study aimed to describe in-hospital mortality across Canadian provinces using the ED-HSMR. Methods: Data were extracted from hospital discharge databases from April 2009 to March 2012. The ED-HSMR was calculated as the ratio of observed deaths among patients with emergency-sensitive conditions in a hospital during a year (2010-11 or 2011-12) to

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Upshur, Ross E. G. "Two Techniques for Teaching the Estimation of Prior Probabilities." Teaching and Learning in Medicine 12, no. 3 (July 2000): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328015tlm1203_4.

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Ben, Mirian Dal, Maura Oliveira, Paola Cappellano, Jorge Sampaio, and Maria Beatriz Dias. "Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Proposed Algorithms for C. difficile Infection in Different Pretest Probability Settings." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s224—s225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.769.

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Background: The use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as a first-line test for the diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile may result in overdiagnosis and overtreatment because the test is not capable of distinguishing infection from carriage. Toxin EIA assays have impeditive low sensitivity. Some algorithms using enzyme immunoassay for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and toxins A and B as the first step have been proposed to increase diagnostic performance. However, cost-effectiveness of different diagnostic algorithms would depend on the cost of each test and on the pretest

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DOS SANTOS FERREIRA, ROBSON, VERÔNICA YUMI KATAOKA, and MONICA KARRER. "TEACHING PROBABILITY WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE R STATISTICAL SOFTWARE." STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL 13, no. 2 (November 28, 2014): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/serj.v13i2.286.

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The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of high school students’ learning of probability in a context where they are supported by the statistical software R. We report on the application of a teaching experiment, constructed using the perspective of Gal’s probabilistic literacy and Papert’s constructionism. The results show improvement in students’ learning of basic concepts, such as: random experiment, estimation of probabilities, and calculation of probabilities using a tree diagram. The use of R allowed students to extend their reasoning beyond that developed from paper-and-pencil

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Erreygers, Alexander, and Enrique Miranda. "A graphical study of comparative probabilities." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 104 (September 2021): 102582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2021.102582.

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Frighetto, Luciana, Carlo A. Marra, H. Grant Stiver, Elizabeth A. Bryce, and Peter J. Jewesson. "Economic Impact of Standardized Orders for Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Program." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 34, no. 2 (February 2000): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.19142.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect and economic impact of an intervention aimed at standardizing the timing of preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis from the perspective of a major teaching hospital. DESIGN: A pre/post study design in which a random sample of 60 procedures from a 12-month period in the preintervention phase were reviewed. A comparative sample of 60 procedures during a seven-month postintervention phase was selected. For each prophylactic course, preoperative dose administration details were classified as early (>2 h prior to incision), on time (0–2 h prior), delayed (0–3 h af

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Беленкова, Жанна Тадеушевна, Оксана Борисовна Смирнова, and Дмитрий Владимирович Беленков. "ON THE METHODS OF TRAINING FOREIGN STUDENTS OF THE THEORY OF PROBABILITIES." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Педагогика и психология, no. 4(53) (December 21, 2020): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtpsyped/2020.4.146.

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Обсуждается проблема обучения иностранных студентов теории вероятностей. Рассмотрены приемы обучения, направленные на повышение качества обучения иностранных студентов с недостаточным уровнем знаний русского языка решению текстовых задач. Предложено использование в обучении теории вероятностей совокупности приемов визуализации учебного материала и информационной структуры задачи, приведены примеры учебных вопросов различных типов, направленных на понимание ситуаций, описанных в задаче. The problem of teaching probability theory to foreign students is discussed. The methods of teaching are cons

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Lyford, Alex, and Michael Czekanski. "Teaching students to estimate complex probabilities of board game events through simulation." Teaching Statistics 42, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/test.12235.

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Rubel, Laurie H. "Connecting Research to Teaching: Is 7/10 Always Equivalent to 700/1000?" Mathematics Teacher 104, no. 2 (September 2010): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.104.2.0144.

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Consider the following problem: Compare the probabilities of the following two events: (1) 7 tails out of 10 tosses of a fair coin and (2) 700 tails out of 1000 tosses of a fair coin. Which of the events is more likely, or are they equally likely? (adapted from Fischbein and Schnarch 1997, p. 99)

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Rubel, Laurie H. "Connecting Research to Teaching: Is 7/10 Always Equivalent to 700/1000?" Mathematics Teacher 104, no. 2 (September 2010): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.104.2.0144.

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Consider the following problem: Compare the probabilities of the following two events: (1) 7 tails out of 10 tosses of a fair coin and (2) 700 tails out of 1000 tosses of a fair coin. Which of the events is more likely, or are they equally likely? (adapted from Fischbein and Schnarch 1997, p. 99)

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Wathen, J. Kyle, and Peter F. Thall. "A simulation study of outcome adaptive randomization in multi-arm clinical trials." Clinical Trials 14, no. 5 (February 1, 2017): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774517692302.

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Randomizing patients among treatments with equal probabilities in clinical trials is the established method to obtain unbiased comparisons. In recent years, motivated by ethical considerations, many authors have proposed outcome adaptive randomization, wherein the randomization probabilities are unbalanced, based on interim data, to favor treatment arms having more favorable outcomes. While there has been substantial controversy regarding the merits and flaws of adaptive versus equal randomization, there has not yet been a systematic simulation study in the multi-arm setting. A simulation stud

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Noone, E. T. "Chuck-a-luck: Learning Probability Concepts with Games of Chance." Mathematics Teacher 81, no. 2 (February 1988): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.81.2.0121.

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Chuck-a-luck is a dice game that is easy to understand and to play. It offers an excellent means of teaching the fundamental idea of the expected value of a random variable. Furthermore, by using a simple BASIC program, the game can easily be simulated on the computer. For students to appreciate and follow the discussion, it is necessary for them to have a basic understanding of such elementary probability concepts as computing simple classical probabilities and computing the probabilities of independent and mutually exclusive events

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Yuan, Xiaobin, and Shesh N. Rai. "Confidence Intervals for Survival Probabilities: A Comparison Study." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 40, no. 7 (July 7, 2011): 978–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2011.560732.

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Flores, S. M., R. M. Ziff, and J. J. H. Simmons. "Percolation crossing probabilities in hexagons: a numerical study." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 48, no. 2 (December 11, 2014): 025001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/48/2/025001.

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Wetzel, James N., Dennis O’Toole, and Steven Peterson. "Factors affecting student retention probabilities: A case study." Journal of Economics and Finance 23, no. 1 (March 1999): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02752686.

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Pistorius, Pierre A., and Marthán N. Bester. "A longitudinal study of senescence in a pinniped." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-017.

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To measure the prevalence of senescence in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina Linn.) at Marion Island, changes in adult-female survival and breeding probabilities with age were quantified. Markrecapture data that had been collected over a 17-year period were analysed using recently developed software to obtain likelihood estimates of survival and capture probabilities. With recapture effort constant over the study period, capture probabilities during the breeding seasons were used as indices of breeding probabilities. Longevity in the population was assessed from the resighting of tagg

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Craig, Michael D., Andrew H. Grigg, Mark J. Garkaklis, Richard J. Hobbs, Carl D. Grant, Patricia A. Fleming, and Giles E. St J. Hardy. "Does habitat structure influence capture probabilities? A study of reptiles in a eucalypt forest." Wildlife Research 36, no. 6 (2009): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09014.

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Pitfall traps are commonly used to examine differences in reptile communities among habitat types and disturbance regimes that differ in structure. However, capture rates and probabilities may be influenced by habitat structure, which invalidates comparisons of relative abundance among habitat types. To assess whether pitfall traps provide accurate reflections of density and whether habitat structure affects capture probabilities, we trapped at six sites in various jarrah-forest habitat types in south-western Australia, then intensively searched 150-m2 total-removal plots around each pitfall g

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Zerbolio, Dominic J. "A “Bag of Tricks” for Teaching about Sampling Distributions." Teaching of Psychology 16, no. 4 (December 1989): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1604_9.

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This classroom technique uses imaginary marbles, chips, and bags to create distributions of sample means, differences between independent sample means, mean difference scores, and raw score populations. With this technique, students more easily grasp the distinctions between raw score populations and sampling distributions, With these distinctions established, the need for different measures of variability for each distribution becomes apparent. Then, solutions for the probabilities of specific observations for each sampling distribution are easily generalized from the raw score model. Once st

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Ologhadien, Itolima. "Study of Unbiased Plotting Position Formulae for the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) Distribution." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 4 (June 17, 2021): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.4.2468.

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The determination of appropriate quantile relations between the magnitude of extreme events and the corresponding exceedance probabilities is a prerequisite for optimum design of hydraulic structures. Various plotting position formulae have been proposed for estimating the exceedance probabilities or recurrence in. In this study, eight plotting position formulae recommended for GEV distribution were used for estimating the exceedance probabilities of annual maximum series of River Niger at Baro, Kouroussa and Shintaku hydrological stations. The performance measures of PPCC, RRMSE, PBIAS, MAE a

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Herreid, Clyde Freeman. "Case study teaching." New Directions for Teaching and Learning 2011, no. 128 (December 2011): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tl.466.

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