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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Protein quality evaluation"
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Soh, Bi Xue Patricia, Matthieu Vignes, Nick W. Smith, Pamela R. von Hurst, and Warren C. McNabb. "Evaluation of protein intake and protein quality in New Zealand vegans." PLOS ONE 20, no. 4 (2025): e0314889. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314889.
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Dietary protein provides indispensable amino acids (IAAs) that the body cannot synthesise. Past assessments of total protein intake from vegan populations in western, developed countries were found to be low but not necessarily below daily requirements. However, plant-sourced proteins generally have lower quantities of digestible IAAs as compared to animal-sourced proteins. Simply accounting for protein intake without considering AA profile and digestibility could overestimate protein adequacy among vegans. This study quantified protein intake and quality, as compared to reference intake values among 193 NZ vegans using a four-day food diary. Protein and IAA composition of all foods were derived from New Zealand FoodFiles and the United States Department of Agriculture and adjusted for True Ileal Digestibility (TID). Mean protein intakes for males and females were 0.98 and 0.80 g/kg/day, respectively with 78.8% of males and 73.0% of females meeting the Estimated Average Requirement for protein. Plant-sourced proteins provided 52.9 mg of leucine and 35.7 mg of lysine per gram of protein and were below the reference scoring patterns (leucine: 59mg/g, lysine: 45mg/g). When adjusted to individual body weight, average IAA intakes were above daily requirements, but lysine just met requirements at 31.0 mg/kg of body weight/day (reference: 30 mg/kg/day). Upon TID adjustment, the percentage of vegans meeting adequacy for protein and IAA decreased and only approximately 50% of the cohort could meet lysine and leucine requirements. Hence, lysine and leucine were the most limiting IAAs in the vegan cohort’s diet. Legumes and pulses contributed most to overall protein and lysine intake. An increased proportion of legumes and pulses can potentially increase these intakes but must be considered in the context of the whole diet. AA composition and digestibility are important aspects of protein quality when assessing protein adequacy and is of particular importance in restrictive diets.
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Hughes, Glenna. "The evolution of protein quality evaluation." INFORM: International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials 26, no. 2 (2015): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/inform.02.2015.110.
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Colić Barić, I., I. Panjkota Krbavčić, and S. Pedisić. "Evaluation of infant formula protein quality." Acta Alimentaria 31, no. 3 (2002): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aalim.31.2002.3.10.
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Gupta, H. O. "Protein quality evaluation of sprouted maize." Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 46, no. 1 (1994): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01088465.
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Bejosano, Feliciano P., and Harold Corke. "Protein quality evaluation ofAmaranthus wholemeal flours and protein concentrates." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 76, no. 1 (1998): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199801)76:1<100::aid-jsfa931>3.0.co;2-b.
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Renzo Cortez-Vega, William, Irene Rodrigues Freitas, Sandriane Pizato, and Carlos Prentice. "Nutritional quality evaluation of Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) protein isolate." Nutrition & Food Science 44, no. 2 (2014): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-06-2013-0070.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study was to isolate Whitemouth croaker protein by alkaline solubilization process and evaluate their nutritional quality to evaluate the bioavailability of essential amino acids. Design/methodology/approach – The proximate composition, essential amino acid composition, in vitro digestibility, apparent bioavailability, chemical score of amino acids and SDS-PAGE were determined for the isolated croaker proteins. Findings – The isolated protein showed a high level of protein 92.21 percent and low amount of lipids 0.57 percent. The protein is rich in lysine and leucine, 108.73 and 96.75 mg/g protein, respectively. The protein isolate had high digestibility, 94.32 percent, which indicates proper utilization of this protein source, while the tryptophan had lower bioavailability (12.58 mg amino acid/mg protein). The high chemical scores were found for the amino acids lysine, methionine+cysteine (6.79 and 5.14). SDS-PAGE of proteins extracted showed appearance of the heavy chain of myosin (220 kDa), actin (50 kDa) and other fractions, with molecular weight between 20 and 50 kDa, such as troponin I, C and T. Originality/value – The products obtained from croaker muscle can be incorporated as a high value supplements in human diets. The isolated protein exhibited a high content of essential amino acids and digestibility, indicating that the protein has a high nutritional quality.
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Olorode, Omobolanle Omowunmi, and Latifat Motunrayo Ewuoso. "Production and Quality Evaluation of Spiced Dark Chocolate Bars." International Journal of Research in Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (2024): 24–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11122012.
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The quality of chocolate incorporated with different spices was assessed. Chocolate was produced from cocoa beans and incorporated with different spices (ginger, garlic, turmeric and cinnamon) while plain chocolate sample serves as control using standard processing methods. The chocolate samples was analysed for their proximate composition, vitamin A, vitamin C, phytochemicals, polyphenols, free fatty acid and sensory qualities. The result of the analysis showed that there was significant difference (P<0.05) among the samples in all the parameters evaluated. The results obtained in this research work showed that incorporation of different spices into chocolate samples increased significantly the protein, fibre, ash and dry matter content of the samples while the fat, moisture and carbohydrate contents decreased. The vitamins A and C, epicathechin, cathechin, total polyphenol, total flavonoid and free fatty acid contents of the chocolate samples increased significantly (P<0.05) as a result of incorporation of different spices. In terms of sensory attributes, there was significant difference (P<0.05) among the samples in terms of mouth feel, colour, taste and aroma while there was no difference among the samples (P<0.05) in terms of texture and overall acceptability. In general, all chocolate samples were judged acceptable by the panelist since all have mean score above 5 which is the minimum acceptable score on a 9-point hedonic scale. Chocolate samples incorporated with cinnamon followed by those with ginger had the highest nutrient content and were rated high in terms of sensory quality based on the findings of this study and could therefore be recommended for consumption. Functional chocolate with improved nutritional and sensory attributes could be produced with incorporation of the different spices used in this study for potential health benefits.
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Kalra, Snehil, and Sudesh Jood. "Biological evaluation of protein quality of barley." Food Chemistry 61, no. 1-2 (1998): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(97)00145-3.
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Corgneau, Magda, Claire Gaiani, Jeremy Petit, et al. "Nutritional quality evaluation of commercial protein supplements." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 54, no. 8 (2019): 2586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14170.
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Yang, Meiyun, Weiwei Huan, Guobing Zhang, et al. "Identification of Protein Quality Markers in Toad Venom from Bufo gargarizans." Molecules 28, no. 8 (2023): 3628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083628.
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Toad venom is a traditional Chinese medicine with high medicinal value. The existing quality evaluation standards of toad venom have obvious limitations because of the lack of research on proteins. Thus, it is necessary to screen suitable quality markers and establish appropriate quality evaluation methods for toad venom proteins to guarantee their safety and efficacy in clinical applications. SDS-PAGE, HPLC, and cytotoxicity assays were used to analyze differences in protein components of toad venom from different areas. Functional proteins were screened as potential quality markers by proteomic and bioinformatic analyses. The protein components and small molecular components of toad venom were not correlated in content. Additionally, the protein component had strong cytotoxicity. Proteomics analysis showed that 13 antimicrobial proteins, four anti-inflammatory and analgesic proteins, and 20 antitumor proteins were differentially expressed extracellular proteins. A candidate list of functional proteins was coded as potential quality markers. Moreover, Lysozyme C-1, which has antimicrobial activity, and Neuropeptide B (NPB), which has anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, were identified as potential quality markers for toad venom proteins. Quality markers can be used as the basis of quality studies of toad venom proteins and help to construct and improve safe, scientific, and comprehensive quality evaluation methods.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Protein quality evaluation"
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Spaner, Dean Michael. "Agronomic evaluation of short season quality protein maize." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61042.
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The introduction of Quality Protein Maize (QPM), hard endosperm opaque-2 maize, into northern temperate maize growing areas is a desirable breeding objective. In topcrosses with opaque-2 testers, in diallel combination, as inbreds per se, and in inbred disease screening nurseries, some QPM lines performed better than or equal to the best local checks. In general, while agronomic potential is high for some lines and gains from selection are statistically possible, longer days to flowering intervals and higher levels of moisture at harvest than check hybrids indicated a need to improve adaptation for the locations studied. Methodology experiments indicated that detasselling of check hybrids is a suitable experimental method to facilitate the inclusion of normal endosperm local checks into QPM performance tests. The screening for Fusarium graminearum resistance in the seedling stage has not been proven to be a viable alternative to field scale ear inoculation screening procedures. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Dyer, Scott Douglas. "Evaluation of the efficacy of the stress protein response as a biochemical water quality biomonitoring method." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798352/.
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The stress protein response (SPR) is a conserved and ubiquitous mechanism that enables cells to tolerate a wide variety of environmental insults. This response involves the preferential synthesis of an array of proteins with different molecular weights. These proteins perform a variety of functions, such as protein folding, multimeric protein assembly, steroid receptor binding, and heme catabolism.
To evaluate the potential use of the SPR as a biomonitoring tool, a stepwise plan was utilized that proceeded through various physical and chemical laboratory exposures and culminated with a field validation study. The goals of the laboratory exposures were threefold: (1) determine the time required for induction of the SPR; (2) determine the dose-responsiveness of the SPR; and (3) compare the increased syntheses and accumulations of stress proteins to classical toxicological endpoints (i.e. percent mortality, LC50, LC1, etc).
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Joseph, Mercy A. D. "Studies on the preservation of crab processing waste and evaluation of the quality of the protein from crab waste." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-152119/.
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Cappelli, G. A. "IN SILICO EVALUATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON THE QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF RICE PRODUCTIONS IN THE MAIN ITALIAN RICE-GROWING DISTRICT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/347453.
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The definition of food security provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) includes the quality of agricultural products as a principal pillar, intended as the production of nutritious food to allow people to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. In a world that is undergoing major physical, social, and economic transitions, the achievement of global food security is undermined by the projected increase of human population to 9 billion people by 2050.
Nowadays, even if the current total food production would be capable to provide humankind with enough calories, the latest FAO statistics estimate that hundreds of millions of people live in hunger or lack a suitable supply of food. This is why the world governments are acting to meet the need of higher quality diets as a main objective. The challenge to improve the quality and the nutritional value of crop productions is also threatened by the climate change issue, with agriculture representing the most vulnerable economic sector due to the deep influence of weather conditions on the performances of cropping system.
The only viable solution to gain information on the future trends of the qualitative aspect of crop production and to provide farmers and stakeholders in agriculture with effective adaptation strategies is the use of process based simulation models, which are capable to reproduce the responses of biophysical systems to changing boundary conditions.
This doctorate gives answers to these research questions, by developing a reference methodological framework to assess the quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) –the first staple food crop in the world – in current and future climatic conditions.
The first chapter presents a software library of models to simulate the dynamics of the main aspects of rice grain quality as a function of agro-meteorological conditions. This research product is released as a framework independent component, fostering extension with new models and reuse by third parties intended as collaborations between research entities.
In the second chapter the performances of the rice quality models in reproducing observed field data of milling quality and functional properties of grains are tested in a multi-site and multi-year evaluation, prior to be used to assess climate change impacts.
The third chapter deals with the development of a forecasting system targeting the simulation of qualitative and quantitative rice productions in Northern Italy, the main European producing area. This pilot study is realized by coupling the WARM rice model with rice quality models, taking the head rice yield, i.e., the percentage of entire grains as a case study.
The fourth chapter presents the complete workflow to assess the climate change impacts on crop productivity in the Lombardy plain via the application of process based models at a fine spatial resolution. An exploratory analysis of the impacts of climate change on giant reed crop is performed to illustrate the potentialities of the methodology.
This work led the basis to the last chapter, where a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of climate change on rice milling quality and technological suitability is performed in Europe. The main sources of uncertainties in climate change projections were taken into account, i.e., General Circulation Models and emission scenarios, to give an ensemble of future weather scenarios as input data to the models. The implementation of remote sensing to detect rice sowing dates and the assimilation of local farmers management led to a tight adherence between simulated and real system.
The main perspective of this work is the application of the methodological framework developed here in top producing rice countries, in order to allow moving a step forward the mere focus on the quantitative trends of crop production in a changing climate.
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Yokota, Hiroyuki. "Quality evaluation of recombinant DNA-derived pharmaceutical proteins." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151628.
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Giora, Cintia Gisela Bezuti. "Avaliação in vivo da qualidade protéica da soja Geneticamente modificada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-13042015-123050/.
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A soja geneticamente modificada tolerante ao herbicida glifosato foi testada em ensaio nutricional. A qualidade protéica da soja foi avaliada durante 14 dias de experimento com ratos machos tipo Wistar recém desmamados. Além de um grupo controle aproteico, quatro dietas testadas continham cerca de 10% de proteínas de diferentes fontes: caseína, soja comercial, soja parental e soja GM. Resultados similares entre os grupos demonstraram o baixo aproveitamento da proteína ingerida, conforme esperado para todas as dietas com soja não suplementadas com metionina e expressos pelos valores de PDCAAS. As análises hematológicas realizadas demonstraram a síntese comprometida de células eritrócitárias e imunológicas nos mesmos grupos experimentais. Este comportamento fisiológico dos animais indica que a ingestão da variedade GM não causou diferença significativa no desenvolvimento dos animais entre as três amostras de soja ensaiadas e tampouco foram observados efeitos adversos em órgãos dos animais e nos parâmetros químicos analisados.<br>A glyphosate tolerant soybean obtained by genetic modification was tested on a nutritional essay. The quality of the soy protein was assessed by a 14-day long experiment with Wistar male rats, three weeks old. Besides the control free protein group, four different diet groups containing about 10 % protein were pooled out: casein, commercial, parental and GM soybeans. Similar results showed the regular low biological value of the consumed soy proteins not supplemented by methionine displayed by PDCAAS values. The hematological analysis pointed to a commitment of the synthesis of erythrocytic and immunologic cells at the experimental soy groups. The overall behavior of the animals indicate the ingestion of the GM variety of soybean did not cause significant differences for the rat development when compared to the other soybean groups, neither side effects on inner organs and chemical analyzed parameters.
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Hautrive, Tiffany Prokopp. "AVALIAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA E FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DA CARNE DE AVESTRUZ (Struthio camelus) E SEU EFEITO NOS PARAMÊTROS BIOQUÍMICOS EM RATOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5657.
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The ostrich meat is being introduced in the market for meat as a healthy alternative when
compared with most other meat, because it has low content of total lipids, saturated fatty acids
and calories. Despite these benefits reported in the scientific literature on the ostrich meat,
there are few jobs in relation to protein quality and effect of the consumption of meat on the
metabolism of humans and animals. This study aims to assess the biological and physical
chemistry of ostrich meat, its effect on biochemical parameters in rats and compared with
most other meat consumed. We performed analysis of proximate composition, fatty acid
profile, cholesterol and minerals of ostrich meat, beef, pork and chicken. To test the
biological, experimental diets were prepared with casein (control) and diets in which casein
was replaced by ostrich meat, beef, chicken and pork. The proximate composition of meat, for
moisture, protein and ash, was very similar, but the meat of ostriches showed a lower
percentage of lipid (0.58%). Moreover, had a good relationship of polyunsaturated fatty acids
/ saturated (0.99) n6/n3 ratio (8.32) and greater amount of iron (4.17 mg/100g). By the assay
it was found that as well as beef, pork and chicken, beef and ostrich has an excellent quality
protein and showed positive results in the biochemical parameters of rats fed with this meat,
especially in relation to serum cholesterol of animals that showed a lower concentration.<br>A carne de avestruz está sendo introduzida no mercado das carnes como uma alternativa mais
saudável quando comparada com outras carnes, pois tem baixo teor de lipídios totais, de
ácidos graxos saturados e calorias. Apesar desses benefícios relatados na literatura científica
sobre a carne de avestruz, existem poucos trabalhos, em relação à qualidade protéica e o efeito
do consumo desta carne sobre o metabolismo de humanos e animais. Este trabalho tem como
objetivo a avaliação biológica e físico-química da carne de avestruz, seu efeito nos parâmetros
bioquímicos em ratos e comparar com outras carnes mais consumidas. Foram realizadas
análises da composição centesimal, perfil de ácidos graxos, colesterol e minerais das carnes
de avestruz, bovina, suína e frango. Para o ensaio biológico, foram elaboradas dietas
experimentais, com caseína (controle) e dietas onde a caseína foi substituída por carne de
avestruz, carne bovina, carne de frango e carne suína. A composição centesimal das carnes,
em relação à umidade, proteína e cinzas, foi bastante semelhante, porém a carne de avestruz
apresentou um percentual de lipídio mais baixo (0,58%). Além disso, apresentou uma boa
relação de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados/saturados (0,99), razão n6/n3 (8,32) e maior
quantidade de ferro (4,17 mg/100g). Através do ensaio biológico verificou-se que assim como
a carne bovina, suína e frango, a carne de avestruz possui uma excelente qualidade protéica e
apresentou resultados positivos nos parâmetros bioquímicos de ratos alimentados com esta
carne, principalmente em relação ao colesterol sérico dos animais que apresentaram menor
concentração.
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Engström, Mathias, and Erik Olby. "Evaluating Response Images From Protein Quantification." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416108.
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Gyros Protein Technologies develops instruments for automated immunoassays. Fluorescent antibodies are added to samples and excited with a laser. This results in a 16-bit image where the intensity is correlated to concentration of bound antibody. Artefacts may appear on the images due to dust, fibers or other problems, which affect the quantification. This project seeks to automatically detect such artifacts by classifying the images as good or bad using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs). To augment the dataset a simulation approach is used and a simulation program is developed that generates images based on developed simulation models. Several classification models are tested as well as different techniques used for training. The highest performing classifier is a VGG16 DCNN, pre-trained on simulated images, which reaches 94.8% accuracy. There are many sub-classes in the bad class, and many of these are very underrepresented in both the training and test datasets. This means that not much can be said of the classification power of these sub-classes. The conclusion is therefore that until more of this rare data can be collected, focus should lie on classifying the other more common examples. Using the approaches from this project, we believe this could result in a high performing product.
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Delimont, Nicole Marie. "Factors affecting food aid: evaluating new fortified-blended foods and the clinical impact of tannin and phytic acid consumption on iron bioavailability." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35374.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health<br>Brian L. Lindshield<br>Iron, vitamin A, and protein inadequacies are common in food-aid receiving countries, and maximizing nutrient intake and bioavailability are essential treatments. Fortified-blended foods (FBFs), are food-aid micronutrient-fortified legume-grain porridges distributed worldwide. FBFs have not consistently, effectively treated undernutrition, and it has been suggested that formulation and processing changes could improve their nutritional quality. Sorghum is a well suited FBF commodity, but high concentrations of ‘antinutritional’ tannin and phytic acid have limited its adoption. Iron bioavailability adaptation may be possible after long-term antinutritional factor consumption, but adaptive mechanisms are not well understood. In rats, salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) have been found to chelate tannins to improve iron bioavailability, this could be true for people as well. Several research design methods were employed to summarize FBF quality outcomes and the effect of tannin and phytic acid consumption on iron bioavailability. Extruded sorghum and corn FBFs were developed; protein quality, iron, and vitamin A outcomes were compared with a non-extruded corn-soy blend (CSB+) in rats. A narrative literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine tannin’s antinutritional effects on iron bioavailability, and the potential for adaptation through salivary PRPs. Two clinical trials examined the effect of long-term tannin or phytic acid consumption on iron bioavailability, salivary protein production, and correlations between PRPs and iron bioavailability. There were no differences between iron (hepatic iron 207-300 µmol/g *100), vitamin A (hepatic retinol 423-585.5 ng/mg), or protein quality (caloric efficiency: 101.3-113.3 g/kcal*100) between extruded FBFs regardless of commodity in rats. Compared to extruded FBFs, CSB+ caloric efficiency (49.0 ± 2.2 g/kcal*100) and growth (96.3 ± 3.4g vs. 208.6-236.6) were significantly reduced. A literature review suggested that there were differences in acute meal and long-term iron bioavailability with tannin consumption; tannic acid inhibited iron availability, while food-tannins did not. Meta-analysis suggested that tannin-PRP binding could protect iron bioavailability, that long-term tannin consumption did not significantly affect hepatic iron or non-heme iron absorption respectively in rats (d = -0.64-1.84; -2.7-0.13), and that PRP expression in rats during tannin consumption was correlated with improved iron bioavailability. There were no reductions in iron bioavailability or status based on long-term tannin (ps > 0.126) or phytic acid (ps > 0.08) consumption clinically, but basic PRP and cystatin subtypes were significantly correlated with improved iron bioavailability during tannin (ps < 0.03) and phytic acid (ps < 0.02) consumption. In vitro, it phytic acid-PRP binding did not occur, but phytic acid did specifically bind with cystatin SN, a non-enzymatic salivary protein. In conclusion, FBF formulation changes may improve protein quality, and provide needed macronutrients to food-aid receiving areas. Despite this, this research did not suggest that antinutritional factors affected iron bioavailability. In support of this finding, literature, and clinical studies presented here suggest that salivary proteins, including PRPs and cystatin, may serve as adaptive protective mechanisms against phytic acid and tannin consumption, and that further research may be warranted before further recommendations for their removal from food-aid are made.
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Chan, Chun-tat, and 陳俊達. "A global review and evaluation on the derivation and application of sediment quality criteria to protect aquatic ecosystem and humanhealth." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48542507.
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Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) serve as scientific benchmarks, or reference points of chemical contaminants levels for evaluating the possibility of occurrence of adverse biological responses in the aquatic environment. SQGs are important because the quality of sediment has significant influences on the health of aquatic organisms, and the use of SQGs is a critical means to protect and manage various aquatic ecosystems. In this study, nine conventional derivation methods are described and contrasted. Their uses and limitations, which in general reduce the ecological relevance of SQGs in applications, are discussed. Improvements can be made through implementing elements like site-specific, field-based, chemical mixtures assessments, etc. in the SQG derivation process.
The Hong Kong sediment management system, which focuses on classification of dredged sediment for their disposal options, is reviewed. I suggest that the current system shall be subject to major review. First, SQG values (i.e., LCEL and UCEL) shall be reviewed with the establishment of a new database. Second, a new set of guidelines shall be derived site-specifically for the disposal area. Third, the chemical priority list shall be expanded to include other contaminants of environmental concerns. Forth, a tier of evaluating bioavailability of the target contaminant can be incorporated in the classification framework in order to assess the portion of chemicals that causes toxicity in the sediment. Finally, the biological test can be improved by using ecologically relevant local species.
The need of the site-specificity in SQG derivation is justified in this study, by deriving two sets of SQGs (i.e., ERL, ERM, TEL, PEL and AET) using data from two geologically distinct areas in Hong Kong, which are the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) area and the Kai Tak development area. The derived SQGs of arsenic, chromium, nickel and zinc are higher in the HZMB areas, but those of copper, mercury, lead and silver are higher in the Kai Tak area. In addition, the incidence rates of effect data with the same contaminants concentrations are different between the HZMB and Kai Tak area. The discrepancies among the derived SQGs and the incidence rates indicate that site-specific SQGs are essential. Furthermore, the analysis of incidence rates of effect data with different contaminants concentrations shows that the HKSQG (i.e., LCEL and UCEL) has to be reviewed, especially for arsenic, because high toxicity is not resulted at a high arsenic concentration range in the dataset.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Environmental Management<br>Master<br>Master of Science in Environmental Management
Książki na temat "Protein quality evaluation"
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Lant, Christopher. Evaluation of policy tools to establish forests and protect water quality in cornbelt watersheds. Water Resources Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1993.
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Morton, David A. How to qualify for social security disability, and protect your rights. Fine Books, 1992.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Federal and state role in pharmacy compounding and reconstitution: Exploring the right mix to protect patients : hearing before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, on examining state and federal oversight to ensure the safety and quality of drug compounding--the process of mixing, combining, or altering ingredients to create a customized medication for an individual patient--by pharmacies, October 23, 2003. U.S. G.P.O., 2004.
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United States. Government Accountability Office. Nuclear waste: DOE's efforts to protect the Columbia River from contamination could be further strengthened : report to the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. United States Government Accountability Office, 2006.
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Osmond, Deanna L. How to build better agricultural conservation programs to protect water quality: The National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Conservation Effects Assessment Project experience. Soil and Water Conservation Society, 2012.
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Office, General Accounting. Nursing homes: Complaint investigation processes often inadequate to protect residents : report to the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member, Special Committee on Aging, U.S. Senate. The Office, 1999.
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Office, General Accounting. Drinking water: Stronger efforts needed to protect areas around public wells from contamination : report to the chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. GAO, 1993.
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Protein quality evaluation: Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, Bethesda, Md., USA 4-8 December 1989. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1991.
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World Health Organization (WHO). Protein Quality Evaluation: Report of the Joint Fao/Who Expert Consultation, Bethesda, MD., USA 4-8 December 1989 (Who AIDS Series). Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FA, 1991.
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Wolff, Nancy. Correctional Mental Health Research and Program Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0070.
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Research in mental health issues in prisoner populations essentially stopped in the mid 1970’s. It is now re-emerging as a critical component of improving mental health care and helping toward recovery for the incarcerated mentally ill. Mental illness, ranging from acute anxiety to schizophrenia, is endemic within prisons and jails. Unlike their free world counterparts, however, incarcerated people have a constitutional right to mental health treatment. Yet, despite the need for and right to mental health treatment, remarkably little reliable and valid evidence is available on the nature and level of mental illness among incarcerated people, the effects of incarceration on symptomatology, the availability and quality of medication, cognitive, and psychosocial treatment for disorders, and how context impacts the effectiveness of the treatment that is available. Evidence is absent because corrections-based research is constrained by regulation, financing, and inexperience. In this chapter, the history of prisoner research and the evolution of federal regulations to protect prisoners as human subjects will be reviewed and then discussed in terms of how regulation has impacted correctional mental health research, after first defining what is meant by research and why research is needed to inform policy and practice decisions. This will be followed by recommendations for building the correctional mental health research evidence base. The intent here is to help researchers, in collaboration with stakeholders, develop, design, and implement research studies, and disseminate evidence to advance science and the quality of care available to incarcerated people with mental illnesses within the current regulatory environment.
Części książek na temat "Protein quality evaluation"
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Broderick, G. A. "Quantifying Forage Protein Quality." In Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1994.foragequality.c5.
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Wang, Qiang. "Functional Improvement of Peanut Protein Concentrate." In Peanut Processing Characteristics and Quality Evaluation. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6175-2_6.
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Wang, Qiang. "Gelation Improvement of Peanut Protein Component." In Peanut Processing Characteristics and Quality Evaluation. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6175-2_8.
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Wang, Qiang. "Improvement of Gelation of Peanut Protein Isolate." In Peanut Processing Characteristics and Quality Evaluation. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6175-2_7.
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Sarwar, G. "Available Amino Acid Score: Method for Protein Quality Evaluation." In Amino Acid Composition and Biological Value of Cereal Proteins. Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5307-9_14.
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Jankulovska, Mirjana, Sonja Ivanovska, Ljupcho Jankuloski, Mile Markoski, Biljana Kuzmanovska, and Dane Boshev. "Evaluation of advanced wheat mutant lines for food and feed quality." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0021.
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Abstract The main goals of this study were to evaluate the agronomic performance of wheat mutant lines; to detect the effect of genotype, location and different fertilizer levels on analysed traits; to assess seed and feed quality; and to select best performing mutant lines for dual-purpose growing. Ten wheat mutant lines were sown on two locations in Macedonia, for evaluation of their agronomic performance. At both locations, grain yield, straw mass, harvest index, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen and protein content in seed and straw, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre in the straw were determined. In order to classify the genotypes based on all analysed traits, two-way cluster analysis was applied. According to their overall performance, at both locations and with the three different fertilization treatments, the mutant lines were classified in two main groups. The first cluster consisted of mutants 5/1-8, 2/2-21, 4/2-56 and 2/1-51, characterized by very high values for seed yield, straw yield and harvest index, and high to moderate values for all other traits. Only 4/2-56 had very low values for N and protein content in the seed. One mutant line, 6/2-2, did not belong to any of the groups and differed from all other genotypes based on its very low seed and straw yield and very high values for nitrogen and protein content in the straw and neutral detergent fibre. All other mutants belonged to the second group, with low to moderate yield and moderate to high values for the other traits. Mutant lines with the highest seed and straw yield, as well as the best quality of seed and straw under different management systems, were identified and after additional evaluation will be submitted for official variety registration.
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Tramontano, Anna. "Protein Structural Models – Evaluating Quality." In Encyclopedia of Biophysics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_153.
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Walger-Kunze, Brigitta. "In Vivo Methods in the Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality of Cereal Proteins." In Amino Acid Composition and Biological Value of Cereal Proteins. Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5307-9_8.
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Hybertsen, Ingunn Dahler, and Bjørn Stensaker. "Affirmative and Non-affirmative Dimensions in Quality Assurance: Balancing the Accountability–Improvement Dilemma as a Matter of Trust and Learning." In Educational Governance Research. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55116-1_6.
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AbstractToday, given the build-up of national quality assurance systems, ‘quality management’ within higher education institutions requires critical attention. This management operates as a balance between accountability, which is outward oriented, and improvement, which covers internal pedagogical and research activities. This accountability–improvement dilemma has been intensively researched over the years, not least by focusing on how the relationship between national quality assurance agencies and individual higher education institutions can be developed with respect to mutual trust. Applying insights from non-affirmative theory, this chapter investigates external judgements of quality management at the institutional level in the Nordic context. The investigation addresses how external evaluation reports may function as a mediating tool for balancing the accountability–improvement dilemma in quality assurance. Using conceptualisations of educational and pedagogical leadership derived from non-affirmative theory, we analyse how expectations of leadership are expressed in external evaluation reports. The framework comprises dimensions of pedagogical leadership that are (1) to organise learning processes in professional learning communities, (2) to negotiate practices of quality work in the academic community, both within and across institutions, and (3) to protect professional, academic and institutional autonomy. We analyse the alignment between this conceptualisation of and the expectations of leadership expressed in external reports and add (4) trust in quality management as a fourth dimension. Balancing the accountability and improvement dilemma is not only a matter of trust between the institution and the national agencies but also within the academic community. Discussing the importance of mutual trust in quality work can add value to our understanding of pedagogical leadership in non-affirmative education theory.
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Jankowicz-Cieslak, Joanna, Florian Goessnitzer, Stephan Nielen, and Ivan L. W. Ingelbrecht. "Chemical Mutagenesis of Mature Seed of Coffea arabica L. var. Venecia Using EMS." In Mutation Breeding in Coffee with Special Reference to Leaf Rust. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67273-0_12.
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AbstractChemical mutagens are a major tool to generate novel genetic variation in crops, functional genomics and breeding. They are advantageous because they do not require any specialized equipment and can induce a high mutation frequency. Compared to physical methods, chemical mutagens cause point mutations rather than deletions or translocations. Point mutations can have varying effects on gene expression ranging from knockouts to changes in amino acids that may have subtle effects on protein function. Many important gene functions have been uncovered by evaluating the in vivo effect of mutated genes in a broad range of model and crop plants. Chemical mutagens have been successfully applied to induce tolerance to fungal diseases in cereals such as barley and wheat. Among the chemical mutagens used for plant mutagenesis, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is the most widely applied. This protocol chapter describes the utilization of EMS for establishing kill curves and generating a mutagenized population of Coffea arabica var. Venecia via treatment of mature seed. The different steps of the mutagenesis process are described, including quality control and preparation of the seed batches, procedures for determining Lethal Dose (LD) and Growth Reduction (GR) values, and for post-treatment handling of the chemically mutagenized seed, specific for Arabica coffee.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Protein quality evaluation"
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Crista, Laura, Florin Crista, Isidora Radulov, Alina Lato, and Adina Berbecea. "ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF COMPLEX FOLIAR FERTILIZERS ON CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) PRODUCTIVITY." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024v/3.2/s12.25.
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This study investigates the effects of foliar fertilization (FF) on the yield and quality of corn grains, utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to optimize foliar treatment applications. The PCA approach enabled the identification of the most effective FF formulation for enhancing grain production and quality. The experiments were conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the university's experimental field, evaluating seven treatment variants, each with distinct chemical compositions labelled from V1 to V7, along with a control group. FF applications were carried out during the 15-16 BBCH and 20-22 BBCH vegetative stages of corn, with application rates ranging from 2 to 6 L/ha, according to the product specifications. Foliar fertilization of corn can directly influence the nutritional composition and quality of grains, affecting key components such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fibers, and minerals. By applying nutrients directly to the leaves, this method can stimulate essential metabolic processes, leading to an improved nutritional profile of the grains. The FF treatments showed significant improvements in both the yield and quality of corn grains, as assessed through quality indicators such as moisture content, protein levels, lipids, carbohydrates, fibers, and minerals.
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Chen, Tao, Feng Liang, Frank Chang, and Qiwei Wang. "Evaluation of a Hydrophobic Coating Material for Downhole Application, Lab vs. Field Evaluation." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20756.
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Abstract A hydrophobic electroless nickel-phosphorus (ENP) coating material has been developed to reduce corrosion-induced iron sulfide scale deposition. The ENP coating has several key advantages to provide corrosion resistance for sour oil and gas applications, including a level of phosphorus imparting superior corrosion resistance in a sour gas environment, a tailored phosphorus level providing a range of super hydrophobic microstructures, and a second material introduced and embedded in the ENP coating during the coating process to impart desired properties such as wear and erosion resistance. The coating material has been qualified through a series of evaluation tests carried out in the lab, including iron sulfide scale formation under HTHP, coating adhesion tests, explosive decomposition, formation of heazlewoodite (Ni3S2), etc. The coating material was installed in downhole completion tubing through a downhole corrosion and scale monitoring (DCSM) tool to monitor coating stability, corrosion, and scaling under real downhole flow conditions in a sour gas well over 3 months. Overall, the field testing has demonstrated that this newly developed coating material can effectively protect the metal coupon against corrosion and iron sulfide deposition. However, the abrasion of the formed surface layer of Ni3S2 and blistering might be a concern for a long-term field application. This paper will comprehensively compare the coating performance evaluated in the lab and field conditions. Long-term evaluation under real field conditions is highly recommended to qualify the coating material for large-scale application in the downhole.
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Popa, Oana, and Ovidiu Tita. "EVALUATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF YOGURT ENRICHED WITH CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDES OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT MUSHROOMS." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/6.1/s25.10.
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With the development of food production technologies, the consumers attention has turned to products with specific nutritional and health-promoting properties. For this necessity, today's manufacturers have turned their attention to fortified foods, and a raw material that is found in great diversity and that can be used to enrich food is represented by mushrooms. The purpose of this study consists in determining how the addition of different concentrations of crued polysaccharides extracted from mushrooms and added to milk to obtain new varieties of yogurts can influence its quality. The two mushroom species from which polysaccharides have been extracted are Champignon and Reishi. The obtained analysis showed that the crued polysaccharides extracted from mushrooms consist in carbohydrates (~6% - Champignon mushrooms; ~30% - Reishi mushrooms), proteins (~6.2% - Champignon mushrooms; ~12.6% - Reishi mushrooms) and in a smaller amount in phenolic compounds (~ 0.5% - Champignon mushrooms; ~8% - Reishi mushrooms). To obtain the fortified yogurts, the polysaccharides were added to cow's milk at different concentrations of 0.3% and 0.5% from each species of mushroom. A control sample represented by plain milk that does not contain polysaccharides was also developed. All samples were fermented using commercially available starter cultures. Following the determinations, it was found that the addition of polysaccharides led to a decrease in pH in the case of both types of samples with the addition of polysaccharides from mushrooms, compared to the control sample. The largest decreases in pH were recorded for concentrations of 0.5% added polysaccharides. In the case of syneresis, significant increases were recorded for the samples enriched with polysaccharides, especially for the samples to which concentrations of 0.5% polysaccharides were added (38.02g for the sample with Reishi polysaccharides and 42.22g for the sample with Champignon polysaccharides). The results on the antioxidant activity following the determinations performed recorded the lowest values for the control sample (355?M). The results showed that crude polysaccharides extracted from the two species of mushrooms added to milk before fermentation can improve its properties, but can also affect them, if the concentrations are not exceeded and are not kept under observation.
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Shukla, Pavan K., and Andrew Nordquist. "A Simplified Model to Simulate Electrolytic Coupling in Cased Pipeline Crossings." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-08974.
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Abstract To protect an oil or gas pipeline from external damage or stress that can occur when a segment of the pipeline crosses or goes under a highway, railroad, or river, a casing pipe is typically installed that surrounds the carrier pipeline. The U.S. Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration estimates there are thousands of cased crossings nationwide and hundreds if not thousands located in high consequence areas. Over time, the annular space between the casing and the carrier pipe may be filled with soil and water, resulting in electrolytic coupling between the two pipes. A simplified model is developed to simulate electrolytic coupling between the carrier and casing pipe, and to estimate diversion of the cathodic protection current from the rest of the pipeline for a given set of conditions. This model calculates current densities at the casing-soil and casing-annulus interfaces for different coatings at the carrier pipe and other relevant parameters. Model results show that electrolytic coupling has the potential to degrade the cathodic protection level at the carrier pipe, but the effects are dependent on the quality of the casing coating. This model may be useful for evaluating the potential for pipe degradation at cased pipeline crossings.
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Bailey, H. M., E. P. Berg, and H. H. Stein. "Protein quality evaluation in processed human foods by the digestible indispensable amino acid score methodology." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_130.
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Bychkova, Elena, Ekaterina Podgorbunskikh, Vladimir Buchtoyarov, Lada Rozhdestvenskaya, and Polina Kudachyova. "Formulation and quality evaluation of partially prepared dough using protein plant raw materials." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0164594.
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Widyawati, S. D., A. Hanifa, R. F. Hadi, and Wara Pratitis Sabar Suprayogi. "Evaluation of nutritional value of linseed protein quality in lactating Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOSCIENCE, BIOTECHNOLOGY, AND BIOMETRICS 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5141318.
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Gulkirpik, Ece, Juan Andrade Laborde, and Kephas Nowakunda. "Evaluation of an alternative low-resource soy protein production method." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ctjq7096.
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Mechanically expelled soy cake (MESC) is a valuable source of protein and other nutrients; however, this product stream is underutilized for human consumption, especially in low-resource settings such as the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region. Additionally, MESC still contains oils, which are prone to oxidation. Through collaborative partnerships with scientists like Dr. Keshun Liu, USDA, ARS, and Dr. Kephas Nowakunda, NARL, we piloted a low resource method to make soy protein concentrate (SPC) that can be widely used by processors in developing economies. Using this method, oil content, oxidized byproducts, phytic acid, and oligosaccharides are reduced, while increasing protein content to almost 63% db. In this session, we demonstrate an alternative low-resource method to produce SPC from MESC and evaluate their nutritional quality and oxidative stability. We also present early sensory findings and hypothesize on potential uses and benefits of SPC products and ingredients in emerging markets. The SPC materials produced were characterized based on their protein, oil and phytic acid contents. Thiobarbituric acid reactive species using malondialdehyde (MDA) as standard and peroxide value were assessed in SPC meal and oil extracted from SPC, respectively, to evaluate oxidation status in comparison with raw materials.With this alternative less resource-demanding method, SPC with a protein content of ~63% db and with lower oil (50% less) and phytic acid (70% less) contents and higher stability due to lower peroxide value (50% less) and MDA (50% less) contents than the original MESC can be made from defatted or low-fat soy flour using locally-available materials and equipment. This is beneficial because with this alternative method, the utilization of SPC for human consumption in SSA can be improved by expanding its incorporation into various food products including extruded snacks, composite flours, porridges, and bakery products.
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Brbaklić, Ljiljana, Jelena Pejin, Milana Pribić, et al. "Evaluation of quality traits and yield in NS barley varieties during the 2023/24 growing season." In VII naučno-stručni simpozijum sa međunarodnim učešćem "Pivo, pivarske sirovine i tržište". Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Research, Novi Sad, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/pivos24013b.
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Breeding of malting barley at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has a tradition spanning more than seventy years. During this period, a large number of winter and spring barley varieties have been developed and registered, which have stood out for their high genetic yield potential and good technological quality required for malt production. The aim of this study was to examine two-row winter barley varieties that have been developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops over the past 10 years and registered for the malt industry. A total of six NS varieties were tested at the Rimski šančevi location in the 2023/24 season. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design on 10 m² plots with four replications, applying standard cultivation practices. All necessary pathogen control treatments were applied in three replications, while the fourth replication served as a control and was untreated. During the growing season and after harvesting, important agronomic traits were recorded: heading, number of ears per m², disease occurrence, lodging resistance, grain yield, protein content, and all important technological quality parameters obtained from the micro-malting process. All tested varieties had uniform heading within a three-day interval (April 10-13, 2024). Protein content in the treated block ranged from 9.4% to 11.2%, while protein levels in the untreated block were higher, ranging from 9.9% to 13.3%. The percentage of first-class grain for all varieties was over 95%. Dry extract values ranged from 76.7% to 80.3%. The Kolbach index varied from 33.4 to 42.1, and the Hartong value ranged from 33.2% to 40.7%. All varieties demonstrated excellent lodging resistance. Increasing demands from the industry and the growing demand for new beer flavors, both in large multinational companies and small craft breweries, present an excellent opportunity for the use of NS malting barley varieties in malt production, which would ensure greater diversity in the available assortment, excellence, and create new challenges and uniqueness in beer production.
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Селеуова, Л. А., Д. К. Найманов, И. М. Брель-Киселева, and А. М. Зайцев. "Evaluation of meat quality of mugalzharskaya breed of horses." In Достижения молодых учёных - зоотехнической науке и практике. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25727/rads.hs.2019.1.24288.
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В статье приведены результаты исследований химического состава, биологической и пищевой ценности мяса чистопород- ных лошадей мугалжарской породы в возрасте 2,5 лет. Уста- новлено, что мясо лошадей кожамбердинского внутрипородного типа по содержанию влаги, сухого вещества, жира, белка и золы превосходило мясо куландинских жеребчиков на 1,8 %, 1,8 %, 1,2 %, 0,8 % и на 0,2 %. Калорийность мяса жеребчиков кожам- бердинской селекции составила 1691 ккал на 1 кг мяса, кулан- динских – 1526 ккал. Энергетическая ценность мяса в 1 кг со- ставляет 7,1 и 6,4 мДж соответственно. Белковый качественный показатель (БКП) мяса жеребчиков кожамбердинского внутри- породного типа составил 6,2, у куландинского молодняка - 5,74. Результаты дегустационной оценки образцов мяса и бульо- на лошадей кожамбердинского внутрипородного типа получили оценку 8,8 и 8,7 баллов, куландинского – по 8,0 баллов. Пред- ставленные образцы по внешнему виду, цвету, вкусу и запаху, консистенции, сочности и наваристости отвечают требованиям потребителя и промышленности, обладают высокой органо- лептической оценкой. In the article the results of investigations of chemical structure, biological and food value of meat of pure Mugalzharskaya breed at the age 2,5 are given. It is established that meat of Kozhamberdinskiy inner breed type excelled meat of Kulandinskiy colts in moisture, dry substance, fat, proteinandashesin 1,8 %, 1,8 %, 1,2 %, 0,8 % and 0,2 %. Meat caloricity of colts of Kozhamberdinskiy selection was 1691 kcal per one kilo of meat, Kulandinskiy – 1526 kcal. Calorific value of meat in one kilo –s 7<1 and 6,6 mDj accordingly. Protein quality index of colt meat of Kozhamberdinskiy inner breed type was 6,2, in Kulandinskiy colts – 5,74. The results of tasting evaluation of meat samples and broth form Kozhamberdinskiy inner breed type of horses got 8,8 and 8,7 points, from Kulandinskiy type – 8,0 and 8,0.The given samples meet the requirements of consumes and industry in condition, colour, taste, smell, consistence, juiciness and richness and possess high organoleptic value.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Protein quality evaluation"
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Dyer, Scott D., Kenneth L. Dickson, and Earl G. Zimmerman. Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Stress Protein Response as a Biochemical Water Quality Biomonitoring Method. Defense Technical Information Center, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada231966.
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Shomer, Ilan, Louise Wicker, Uzi Merin, and William L. Kerr. Interactions of Cloud Proteins, Pectins and Pectinesterases in Flocculation of Citrus Cloud. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580669.bard.
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The overall objective was to understand the cloud flocculation of citrus juice by characterization of the interactions between proteins and pectins, and to determine the role of PE isozymes in catalyzing this phenomenon. Specific objectives were to: 1. identify/characterize cloud-proteins in relation to their coagulable properties and affinity to pectins; 2. to determine structural changes of PME and other proteins induced by cation/pectin interactions; 3. localize cloud proteins, PME and bound protein/pectates in unheated and pasteurized juices; 4. to create "sensitized" pectins and determine their effect on clarification. The original objectives were not changed but the methods and approach were modified due to specific research requirements. Two i postulates were: 1. there is a specific interaction of cloud proteins with de-esterified regions of ! pectin and this contributes to cloud loss; 2. isozymes of pectin-methyl-esterase (PME) vary in efficiency to create sensitized pectins. The appearance of citrus fruit juice is an important quality factor and is determined by the color and turbidity that .are conferred by the suspended particles, i.e., by the cloud and its homogeneity. Under some circumstances the cloud tend to flocculate and the juice clarifies. The accepted approach to explain the clarification is based on pectin demethoxylation by PME that promotes formation of Ca-pectate. Therefore, the juice includes immediate heat-inactivation upon ~ squeezing. Protein coagulation also promotes cloud instability of citrus fruit extracts. However, the clarification mechanism is not fully understood. Information accumulated from several laboratories indicates that clarification is a more complex process than can be explained by a single mechanism. The increasing trend to consume natural-fresh juice emphasizing the importance of the knowledge to assure homogeneity of fresh juice. The research included complementary directions: Conditions that induce cloud-instability of natural- juice [IL]. Evaluate purification schemes of protein [USA]. Identifications of proteins, pectin and neutral sugars ([IL]; Structure of the cloud components using light and electron microscopy and immuno-labeling of PME, high-methoxyl-pectin (HMP) and low-methoxyl-pectin (LMP); Molecular weight of calcium sensitized pectins [US]; Evaluation of the products of PME activity [US]. Fractions and size distribution and cloud components [IL-US]. The optimal pH activity of PME is 7 and the flocculation pH of the cloud is 3-4. Thus, the c roles of PME, proteins and pectins in the cloud instability, were studied in pH ranges of 2- 7. The experiments led to establish firstly repeatable simulate conditions for cloud instability [IL]. Thermostable PME (TS-PE) known to induce cloud instability, but also thermolabile forms of PME (TL-PE) caused clarification, most likely due to the formation and dissolution of inactive :. PE-pectin complexes and displacement of a protective colloid from the cloud surface [US]. Furthermore, elimination of non-PME protein increases TS-PE activity, indicating that non-PME proteins moderate PME activity [US]. Other experiments Concomitantly with the study of the PME activity but promotes the association of cloud-proteins to pectin. Adjusting of the juice pH to f 7 retains the cloud stability and re-adjusting of the pH to 40% DE reacts to immuno-labeling in the cloud fragments, whereas
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Smith, Margaret, Nurit Katzir, Susan McCouch, and Yaakov Tadmor. Discovery and Transfer of Genes from Wild Zea Germplasm to Improve Grain Oil and Protein Composition of Temperate Maize. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580683.bard.
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Project Objectives 1. Develop and amplify two interspecific populations (annual and perennial teosintes x elite maize inbred) as the basis for genetic analysis of grain quality. 2. Identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from teosinte that improve oil, protein, and essential amino acid composition of maize grain. 3. Develop near isogenic lines (NILs) to quantify QTL contributions to grain quality and as a resource for future breeding and gene cloning efforts. 4. Analyze the contribution of these QTLs to hybrid performance in both the US and Israel. 5. Measure the yield potential of improved grain quality hybrids. (NOTE: Yield potential could not be evaluated due to environmentally-caused failure of the breeding nursery where seed was produced for this evaluation.) Background: Maize is a significant agricultural commodity worldwide. As an open pollinated crop, variation within the species is large and, in most cases, sufficient to supply the demand for modem varieties and for new environments. In recent years there is a growing demand for maize varieties with special quality attributes. While domesticated sources of genetic variation for high oil and protein content are limited, useful alleles for these traits may remain in maize's wild relative, teosinte. We utilized advanced backcross (AB) analysis to search for QTLs contributing to oil and protein content from two teosinte accessions: Zea mays ssp. mexicana Race Chalco, an annual teosinte (referred to as Chalco), and Z diploperennis Race San Miguel, a perennial teosinte (referred to as Diplo). Major Conclusions and Achievements Two NILs targeting a Diplo introgression in bin 1.04 showed a significant increase in oil content in homozygous sib-pollinated seed when compared to sibbed seed of their counterpart non-introgressed controls. These BC4S2 NILs, referred to as D-RD29 and D-RD30, carry the Diplo allele in bin 1.04 and the introgression extends partially into bins 1.03 and 1.05. These NILs remain heterozygous in bins 4.01 and 8.02, but otherwise are homozygous for the recurrent parent (RD6502) alleles. NILs were developed also for the Chalco introgression in bin 1.04 but these do not show any improvement in oil content, suggesting that the Chalco alleles differ from the Diplo alleles in this region. Testcross Fl seed and sibbed grain from these Fl plants did not show any effect on oil content from this introgression, suggesting that it would need to be present in both parents of a maize hybrid to have an effect on oil content. Implications, both Scientific and Agricultural The Diplo region identified increases oil content by 12.5% (from 4.8% to 5.4% oil in the seed). Although this absolute difference is not large in agronomic terms, this locus could provide additive increases to oil content in combination with other maize-derived loci for high oil. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of a QTL from teosinte for improved grain oil content in maize. It suggests that further research on grain quality alleles from maize wild relatives would be of both scientific and agricultural interest.
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Smith, Margaret, Nurit Katzir, Susan McCouch, and Yaakov Tadmor. Discovery and Transfer of Genes from Wild Zea Germplasm to Improve Grain Oil and Protein Composition of Temperate Maize. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695846.bard.
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Project Objectives 1. Develop and amplify two interspecific populations (annual and perennial teosintes x elite maize inbred) as the basis for genetic analysis of grain quality. 2. Identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from teosinte that improve oil, protein, and essential amino acid composition of maize grain. 3. Develop near isogenic lines (NILs) to quantify QTL contributions to grain quality and as a resource for future breeding and gene cloning efforts. 4. Analyze the contribution of these QTLs to hybrid performance in both the US and Israel. 5. Measure the yield potential of improved grain quality hybrids. (NOTE: Yield potential could not be evaluated due to environmentally-caused failure of the breeding nursery where seed was produced for this evaluation.) Background: Maize is a significant agricultural commodity worldwide. As an open pollinated crop, variation within the species is large and, in most cases, sufficient to supply the demand for modem varieties and for new environments. In recent years there is a growing demand for maize varieties with special quality attributes. While domesticated sources of genetic variation for high oil and protein content are limited, useful alleles for these traits may remain in maize's wild relative, teosinte. We utilized advanced backcross (AB) analysis to search for QTLs contributing to oil and protein content from two teosinte accessions: Zea mays ssp. mexicana Race Chalco, an annual teosinte (referred to as Chalco), and Z diploperennis Race San Miguel, a perennial teosinte (referred to as Diplo). Major Conclusions and Achievements Two NILs targeting a Diplo introgression in bin 1.04 showed a significant increase in oil content in homozygous sib-pollinated seed when compared to sibbed seed of their counterpart non-introgressed controls. These BC4S2 NILs, referred to as D-RD29 and D-RD30, carry the Diplo allele in bin 1.04 and the introgression extends partially into bins 1.03 and 1.05. These NILs remain heterozygous in bins 4.01 and 8.02, but otherwise are homozygous for the recurrent parent (RD6502) alleles. NILs were developed also for the Chalco introgression in bin 1.04 but these do not show any improvement in oil content, suggesting that the Chalco alleles differ from the Diplo alleles in this region. Testcross Fl seed and sibbed grain from these Fl plants did not show any effect on oil content from this introgression, suggesting that it would need to be present in both parents of a maize hybrid to have an effect on oil content. Implications, both Scientific and Agricultural The Diplo region identified increases oil content by 12.5% (from 4.8% to 5.4% oil in the seed). Although this absolute difference is not large in agronomic terms, this locus could provide additive increases to oil content in combination with other maize-derived loci for high oil. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of a QTL from teosinte for improved grain oil content in maize. It suggests that further research on grain quality alleles from maize wild relatives would be of both scientific and agricultural interest.
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Lee, Richard, Moshe Bar-Joseph, K. S. Derrick, et al. Production of Antibodies to Citrus Tristeza Virus in Transgenic Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613018.bard.
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Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the most important virus disease of citrus in the world. CTV causes death of trees on sour orange rootstock and/or stem pitting of scions regardless of rootstock which results in trees of low vigor, reduced yield with reduction in size and quality of fruit. The purpose of this project was to produce monoclonal antibodies (MABs) to CTV coat protein (CP), develop single domain antibodies (dAbs) or Fab fragments which neutralize the infection by binding to the virus, and to produce transformed plants which express the dAbs. The objectives of this research have been met and putative transgenic tobacco and citrus plants have been developed. These putative transgenic plants are presently undergoing evaluation to determine the level of dAbs expression and to determine their resistance to CTV. Additionally, the CTV genome has been sequenced and the CP gene of several biologically characterized CTV strains molecular characterized. This has indicated a correlation between CP sequence homology and biological activity, and the finding of DI RNAs associated with some CTV strains. Several MABs have been produced which enable broad spectrum identification of CTV strains while other MABs enable differentiation between mild and severe strains. The use of selected MAbs and determination of the CP gene sequence has enabled predictions of biological activities of unknown CTV isolates. The epitopes of two MABs, one reacting selectively with severe CTV strains and the other reacting with all strains, have been characterized at the molecular level.
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Wisniewski, Michael E., Samir Droby, John L. Norelli, Noa Sela, and Elena Levin. Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of postharvest decay resistance in Malus sieversii and the characterization of pathogenicity effectors in Penicillium expansum. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600013.bard.
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Blue mold of apple caused by Penicilliumexpansumis a major postharvest disease. Selection for postharvest disease resistance in breeding programs has been ignored in favor of fruit quality traits such as size, color, taste, etc. The identification of postharvest disease resistance as a heritable trait would represent a significant accomplishment and has not been attempted in apple. Furthermore, insight into the biology of the pathogenicity of P. expansumin apple could provide new approaches to postharvest decay management. Hypothesis: Postharvest resistance of apple to P. expansumcan be mapped to specific genetic loci and significant quantitative-trait-loci (QTLs) can be identified that account for a major portion of the population variance. Susceptibility of apple fruit to P. expansumis dependent on the ability of the pathogen to produce LysM effectors that actively suppress primary and/or secondary resistance mechanisms in the fruit. Objectives: 1) Identify QTL(s) and molecular markers for blue mold resistance in GMAL4593 mapping population (‘Royal Gala’ X MalussieversiiPI613981), 2) Characterize the transcriptome of the host and pathogen (P. expansum) during the infection process 3) Determine the function of LysM genes in pathogenicity of P. expansum. Methods: A phenotypic evaluation of blue mold resistance in the GMAL4593 mapping population, conducted in several different years, will be used for QTL analysis (using MapQTL 6.0) to identify loci associated with blue mold resistance. Molecular markers will be developed for the resistance loci. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq will be used to conduct a time course study of gene expression in resistant and susceptible apple GMAL4593 genotypes in response to P. expansum, as well as fungal responses to both genotypes. Candidate resistance genes identified in the transcriptomic study and or bioinformatic analysis will be positioned in the ‘Golden Delicious’ genome to identify markers that co-locate with the identified QTL(s). A functional analysis of LysM genes on pathogenicity will be conducted by eliminating or reducing the expression of individual effectors by heterologous recombination and silencing technologies. LysMeffector genes will also be expressed in a yeast expression system to study protein function. Expected Results: Identification of postharvest disease resistance QTLs and tightly-linked genetic markers. Increased knowledge of the role of effectors in blue mold pathogenic
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Ginzberg, Idit, and Walter De Jong. Molecular genetic and anatomical characterization of potato tuber skin appearance. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587733.bard.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) skin is composed of suberized phellem cells, the outer component of the tuber periderm. The focus of the proposed research was to apply genomic approaches to identify genes that control tuber skin appearance - smooth and shiny skin is highly preferred by the customers while russeted/netted skin potatoes are rejected. The breeding program (at Cornell University) seeks to develop smooth-skin varieties but has encountered frequent difficulties as inheritance of russeting involves complementary action by independently segregating genes, where a dominant allele at each locus is required for any degree of skin russeting. On the other hand, smooth-skin varieties frequently develop unsightly russeting in response to stress conditions, mainly high soil temperatures. Breeding programs in Israel aimed towards the improvement of heat tolerant varieties include skin quality as one of the desired characteristics. At the initiation of the present project it was unclear whether heat induced russeting and genetically inherited russeting share the same genes and biosynthesis pathways. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that russeting might result from increased periderm thickness, from strong cohesion between peridermal cells that prevents the outer layers from sloughing off, or from altered suberization processes in the skin. Hence, the original objectives were to conduct anatomical study of russet skin development, to isolate skin and russeting specific genes, to map the loci that determine the russet trait, and to compare with map locations the candidate russet specific genes, as well as to identify marker alleles that associated with russet loci. Anatomical studies suggested that russet may evolve from cracking at the outer layers of the skin, probably when skin development doesn’t meet the tuber expansion rate. Twodimensional gel electrophoresis and transcript profiling (cDNA chip, potato functional genomic project) indicated that in comparison to the parenchyma tissue, the skin is enriched with proteins/genes that are involved in the plant's responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and further expand the concept of the skin as a protective tissue containing an array of plantdefense components. The proteomes of skin from heat stressed tubers and native skin didn’t differ significantly, while transcript profiling indicated heat-related increase in three major functional groups: transcription factors, stress response and protein degradation. Exceptional was ACC synthase isogene with 4.6 fold increased level in the heat stressed skin. Russeting was mapped to two loci: rusB on chromosome 4 and rusC on chromosome 11; both required for russeting. No evidence was found for a third locus rusA that was previously proposed to be required for russeting. In an effort to find a link between the russeting character and the heat-induced russeting an attempt was made to map five genes that were found in the microarray experiment to be highly induced in the skin under heat stress in the segregating russet population. Only one gene was polymorphic; however it was localized to chromosome 2, so cannot correspond to rusB or rusC. Evaluation of AFLP markers tightly linked to rusB and rusC showed that these specific alleles are not associated with russeting in unrelated germplasm, and thus are not useful for MAS per se. To develop markers useful in applied breeding, it will be necessary to screen alleles of additional tightly linked loci, as well as to identify additional russet (heat-induced and/or native) related genes.
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Eagle, J. W., A. Hermanne, A. L. Nichols, and R. Capote Noy. Summary Report of the Technical Meeting on Nuclear Data for Medical Applications. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.aktc-t5yh.
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A summary is given of an IAEA Technical Meeting on Nuclear Data for Medical Applications at which participants assessed present and future medical applications for many radionuclides based upon their existing and potential diagnostic and therapeutic properties. Debate focused upon charged-particle induced reactions and their production cross sections, derivation of optimal yields, minimisation of radionuclidic impurities, decay-data requirements, and nuclear data requirements for proton and heavy-ion radiotherapy. Technical discussions are included in this report, along with comprehensive listings and detailed recommendations for future measurements. Subsequent excitation functions and decay-data evaluations will also be needed to ensure the necessary quality and consistency of the datasets to be assembled in an existing dedicated IAEA-NDS database that is regularly maintained and supported.
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Engle, Jonathan W., Alan L. Nichols, and Roberto Capote Noy. Nuclear Data for Medical Applications. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.6pjr-s8ta.
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A summary is given of a Technical Meeting on “Nuclear Data for Medical Applications” at which participants assessed future medical applications for many radionuclides based upon their existing and potential diagnostic and therapeutic properties. Debate focused upon charged-particle induced reactions and their production cross sections, derivation of optimal yields, minimisation of radionuclidic impurities, and nuclear data needs for proton and heavy-ion radiotherapy, along with outstanding decay data requirements. Technical discussions are included in this report, along with comprehensive listings and detailed recommendations for future work. Required cross-section measurements were identified for a reasonably wide range of targets and projectiles, along with decay data studies for specific radionuclides. Subsequent excitation functions and decay-data evaluations will also be needed to ensure the necessary quality and consistency of the datasets to be assembled in an existing dedicated IAEA-NDS database that merits regular maintenance and support.
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Chen, Xiaole, Peng Wang, Yunquan Luo, et al. Therapeutic Efficacy Evaluation and Underlying Mechanisms Prediction of Jianpi Liqi Decoction for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Science Repository, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jso.2021.02.04.sup.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic effects of Jianpi Liqi decoction (JPLQD) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods: The characteristics and outcomes of HCC patients with intermediate stage B who underwent sequential conventional transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (cTACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) only or in conjunction with JPLQD were analysed retrospectively. The plasma proteins were screened using label-free quantitative proteomics analysis. The effective mechanisms of JPLQD were predicted through network pharmacology approach and partially verified by ELISA. Results: Clinical research demonstrated that the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, neutropenia and bilirubin, median progression-free survival (PFS), and median overall survival (OS) in HCC patients treated with JPLQD were superior to those in patients not treated with JPLQD (all P<0.05). The analysis of network pharmacology, combined with proteomics, suggested that 52 compounds targeted 80 potential targets, which were involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, especially affecting the apoptosis-related pathways including TNF, p53, PI3K-AKT, and MAPK. Plasma IGFBP3 and CA2 were significantly up-regulated in HCC patients with sequential cTACE and RFA therapy treated with JPLQD than those in patients not treated with JPLQD (P<0.001). The AUC of the IGFBP3 and CA2 panel, estimated using ROC analysis for JPLQD efficacy evaluation, was 0.867. Conclusion: These data suggested that JPLQD improves the quality of life, prolongs the overall survival, protects liver function in HCC patients, and exhibits an anticancer activity against HCC. IGFBP3 and CA2 panels may be potential therapeutic targets and indicators in the efficacy evaluation for JPLQD treatment, and the effective mechanisms involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, possibly affected the regulation of apoptosis.