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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Rapid miner studio"
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Mardalius, Mardalius. "PEMANFAATAN RAPID MINER STUDIO 8.2 UNTUK PENGELOMPOKAN DATA PENJUALAN AKSESORIS MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS." JURTEKSI 4, no. 2 (2018): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33330/jurteksi.v4i2.36.
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Pada toko Rafadel Acc menjual berbagai jenis aksesoris yang tersedia yang dijual di tok tersebut. Dari berbagai jenis aksesoris yang dijual tentu tidak semuanya yang laku terjual dan juga ada yang kurang laku serta ada juga yang tidak pernah terjual sama sekali. Dengan adanya masalah ini maka kita perlu melakukan perhitungan untuk menentukan atau mengelompokkan mana kategori aksesoris yang laku, kurang laku dan tidak laku terjual, dalam proses pengelompokan maka akan digunakan sebuah metode pengelompokan menggunakan Algoritma K-Means Clustering sebagai metode perhitungan secara manual dan dalam implementasinya maka digunakan sebuah software Data Mining menggunakan RapidMiner Studio versi 8.2. Dengan adanya aplikasi RapidMiner Studio ini pemilik toko dapat melihat hasil pengelompokan aksesoris mana yang paling laku, laku dan kurang laku. Maka, bila terdapat produk yang tidak laku, pemilik toko dapat mencari alternative lain agar aksesoris yang tidak laku dapat menjadi laku. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah observasi dan wawancara kepada pemilik toko Rafadel Acc.
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Abdillah, Allif Rizki, and Firman Noor Hasan. "Analisis Sentimen Terhadap Kandidat Calon Presiden Berdasarkan Tweets Di Sosial Media Menggunakan Naive Bayes Classifier." SMATIKA JURNAL 13, no. 01 (2023): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32664/smatika.v13i01.750.
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Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis sentimen rakyat Indonesia tentang para kandidat presiden yang kemungkinan akan maju di pilpres tahun 2024 dari tweet pada aplikasi twitter. Tweet pada twitter ini ditulis,diketik dan dipublish oleh netizen Indonesia tentang para kandidat yang kemungkinan akan maju dalam pilpres tahun 2024. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan tools yaitu RapidMiner Studio untuk mengumpulkan data tweet dari netizen Indonesia tentang para kandidat. Selanjutnya peneliti menggunakan algoritma Naïve Bayes Classifier untuk menentukan apakah sebuah statement atau sentimen itu bernilai positif atau negatif yang dilakukan menggunakan tools Rapid Miner juga. Dari keempat kandidat yang telah peneliti teliti, Anies mendapat 74% sentimen positif 26% sentimen negatif, lalu disusul oleh Sandi yaitu 57% sentimen positif 43% sentimen negatif, Ganjar mendapat 53% sentimen positif 47% sentimen negatif dan Prabowo mendapat 32% sentimen positif 68% sentimen negatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini supaya bisa mengetahui mana kandidat yang disukai atau dipandang baik oleh rakyat Indonesia dari hasil analisis sentimen dengan algoritma Naïve Bayes dan tools yang digunakan yaitu Rapid Miner.
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Azim, Fauzan, Yuli Hartati, and Eko Afrianto. "Increase Sales For The Best Seed Clustering Using Rapid Miner." PROCEEDING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ECONOMICS, BUSINESS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (ICEBIT) 4 (July 24, 2023): 906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31967/prmandala.v4i0.850.
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The superiority of seeds is one of the main factors for farmers. UD. Tiara Bersaudara is a shop that sells seeds and agricultural needs. Poor sales of seeds and fertilizers can hurt UD. Tiara Brothers. To maintain the stock of seeds that are in demand by farmers, sellers must be able to analyze data on the sale of seeds that are in great demand by farmers so as not to cause losses in business. This process is difficult for UD Tiara Brothers to do because it has a lot of sales data. Existing problems can be solved by clustering seed sales data according to most farmers' interests. Clustering is the grouping of data into several clusters based on the level of data similarity. The purpose of the study was to group the best-selling seed data at UD. Tiara Brothers in increasing sales. The clustering method uses the K-Means algorithm by partitioning data into clusters based on the centroid closest to the data. Furthermore, testing by comparing the calculation results with RapidMiner studio software 9.7. The results of this study can later be used as a benchmark for decision support by UD. Tiara Brothers to set marketing strategies for increasing sales.
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Julianto, Muhammad Fahmi, Sofian Wira Hadi, Setiaji Setiaji, Windu Gata, and Rangga Pebrianto. "CLUSTERING PENCAPAIAN TARGET PENJUALAN RUMAH PARA KARYAWAN MARKETING MENGGUNAKAN RAPID MINER DAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS." Bianglala Informatika 8, no. 2 (2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/bi.v8i2.8189.
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In the competition of the business world today, we are required to always develop business in order to always be successful in competition. Fachry PropertyLand is one of the business fields engaged in the sale of homes. Everywhere this shop must meet the needs of customers who are currently trending. On Land Fachry Property Around the issue that always appears regarding sales. Where many employees do not meet their sales targets. Based on this, it is expected to facilitate the Land Fachry Property in assessing the appropriateness of its employees in determining employees who have met the target, has not met the target and does not meet the target, in the grouping process, the grouping method will be used using the K-Me Clustering Algorithm as a method of manual replacement and in its implementation the Data Mining software uses RapidMiner Studio version 9.2. With the application of Rapid Miner Studio, it is expected that the owner of Fachry Propertyland can see the results of the grouping that meets the target, does not meet the target and does not meet the target. It is expected that the owner of Fachry Propertyland can take action on these employees.
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Andry, Johanes Fernandes, Henny Hartono, Honni, Aziza Chakir, and Rafael. "Data Set Analysis Using Rapid Miner to Predict Cost Insurance Forecast with Data Mining Methods." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 6 (2022): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.6.17.
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The insurance protection program cannot be separated from everyday human life because there will always be risks in every human activity. Most people have entered into insurance agreements with state-owned and national private-owned insurance companies. The information system is one of the resources to increase competitive advantage. Information systems can be used to obtain, process, and disseminate information to support day-to-day operations and support strategic decision-making activities. The rapid growth of data accumulation has created data-rich but insufficient information conditions. Data mining is the mining or discovery of new information by looking for specific patterns or rules from large amounts of data expected to overcome these conditions. It is hoped that customer data can accurately produce information about insurance cost predictions. In this analysis, the authors use the RapidMiner Studio version 9.1 software. With the RapidMiner Studio app, authors can analyze the insurance data. A scientific novelty of this research is investigating data set cost insurance with data mining techniques consisting of classification, association, and clustering. Research goals for data mining techniques with classification, association, and clustering case studies implemented are to find all associative rules with high confidence, organize objects into groups whose members are similar, and collect objects between them. The following methods can be used: decision tree for data modeling, FP-Growth for determining which dataset occurs most frequently, and K-Means to classify the data attributes to facilitate the analysis.
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Mohamed, Saouabi, and Abdellah Ezzati. "A data mining process using classification techniques for employability prediction." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 2 (2019): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp1025-1029.
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The use of the data mining has become wider today; it can be applied in several fields like marketing, customer relationship management, medicine, engineering, etc. It can be used also in employability, the use of data mining in this field will give opportunities and solution for decision makers in this field in order to improve the employability and propose solutions. In this paper, we propose a data mining process for employability data using classification techniques, presenting in details all the phases in the process and what should be done in every phase. We used Rapid Miner Studio Educational Version 8.1.000, using an employability dataset.
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Rudianto, Rudianto, Tedi Wahyudi, and Popon Handayani. "PERBANDINGAN AKURASI C4.5 DAN NAIVE BAYES UNTUK EVALUASI KINERJA KARYAWAN PT CATUR SENTOSA ADIPRANA." Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer Prima(JUSIKOM PRIMA) 5, no. 2 (2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34012/jurnalsisteminformasidanilmukomputer.v5i2.2350.
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ABSTRAK- Proses evaluasi penilaian kinerja karyawan PT Catur Sentosa Adiprana (CSA) belum sepenuhnya efektif dikarenakan proses perhitungannya yang masih dilakukan secara manual dan masih terdapat unsur subjektif dalam proses penilaiannya, sehingga hasil penilaian yang diperolehpun menjadi kurang akurat dan Algoritmamenyebabkan ketidakpuasan serta ketidakadilan bagi karyawan. Menilai setiap karyawan tentunya bukan hal yang mudah jika jumlah karyawan begitu banyak, maka dari itu penerapan data mining dengan metode Algoritma klasifikasi C4.5 (Decision tree) dan Naïve Bayes dipilih untuk membantu proses evaluasi penilaian kinerja karyawan dalam menentukan mana karyawan yang layak dan mana yang tidak layak untuk dipertahankan dengan mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor apa saja yang dapat memengaruhinya. Pengimplementasian kedua metode algoritma ini diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui perbadingan akurasi yang lebih komprehensif dengan mencari nilai tertinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil uji komparasi algoritma klasifikasi C4.5 memiliki nilai akurasi sebesar 98.18% lebih unggul 3.03% dibandingkan dengan Naïve Bayes yang memiliki nilai akurasi 95.15%. sedangkan pada nilai uji ROC, kedua algoritma ini memiliki nilai uji ROC yang masuk tingkat paling baik (excellent classification), yaitu C4.5 sebesar 0.994 dan Naïve Bayes 0.981 dengan perbedaan yang tidak terlalu signifikan. Dengan demikian, Algoritma C4.5 memiliki performa lebih baik dan dapat diterapkan sebagai bahan dasar pertimbangan dalam menentukan karyawan yang layak atau tidak layak untuk dipertahankan secara adil, objektif, dan cepat oleh pihak pengambil keputusan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Rapid Miner Studio.
 Kata kunci : Klasifikasi, Karyawan, Algoritma C4.5, Naïve Bayes, Rapid Miner.
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Sinaga, Titin Handayani, Anjar Wanto, Indra Gunawan, Sumarno Sumarno, and Zulaini Masruro Nasution. "Implementation of Data Mining Using C4.5 Algorithm on Customer Satisfaction in Tirta Lihou PDAM." Journal of Computer Networks, Architecture, and High-Performance Computing 3, no. 1 (2021): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnahpc.v3i1.923.
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This application applies the C4.5 Algorithm to decide customer satisfaction, the C4.5 algorithm is one of the algorithms used to classify or segment, or group and it is predictive. This type of research is a classification with the concept of data mining involving 150 customers of PDAM Tirta Lihou in Totap Majawa Kab. Simalungun can be categorized as: "Satisfied and Dissatisfied". The meaning of Data Mining is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science and statistics with the overall objective of extracting information (with intelligent methods) from data sets and converting information into understandable structures for further use. There are 5 criteria that can affect customer satisfaction, among others: Service Facilities (x1), Price Rates (x2), Smooth Water (x3), Corporate Image (x4), and Location (x5). The results of processing the C4.5 method using the RapidMiner Studio 5.3 software mean that Rapid Miner is a solution for analyzing data mining, text mining, and predictive analysis. Rapid Miner uses various descriptive and predictive techniques in providing insight to users so that they can make the best decisions with the level of accuracy, namely, class recall and class precision values, it is explained that the "Satisfied" category produces a class recall of 97.80% and a class precision of 97.80%. 98.89% and the "Not Satisfied" category resulted in a class recall of 98.31% and a class of precision of 96.67%. And the above accuracy results from the calculation of the C4.5 algorithm is 98.0%. Keywords: C4.5 Algorithm, Data Mining, Customer Satisfaction, PDAM Tirta Lihou
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Irshadi, Ardandy Amrie, and Alam Wahyu Santoso. "PENGGUNAAN DATA MINING DALAM EKSTENSIFIKASI PENELITIAN ULANG." JURNAL PERSPEKTIF BEA DAN CUKAI 5, no. 2 (2021): 218–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jpbc.v5i2.1305.
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ABSTRACT Due to increasing volume of international trade, effect on increasing customs document, Customs play a role so that trade flows run without obstacles, this causes inspection of imported goods to be less than optimal, but on the other hand Customs are required to collect state revenues optimally. This study tries to solve this problem from the post-clearance control side with re-examination by construct an analytical data model to predict the suitable classification. This study uses data on the Notification of Imported Goods during 2020 at the Regional Office of DJBC XXX which using a sample of goods that has similarities but has the potential to be misclassified. This study uses the Cross-industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) model and the Rapid Miner Studio 9.9.2 application. Based on the model formed, the prediction results obtained according to the appropriate classification according to data mining. It also found the factors that most impact to goods classification, the most impact is the Importer status, whereas the least impact is the goods lane. ABSTRAK: Seiring dengan volume perdagangan internasional yang semakin tinggi, jumlah dokumen kepabeanan yang harus diperiksa juga mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini menghambat peran Bea dan Cukai sebagai fasilitator perdagangan yang menyebabkan pemeriksaan barang impor kurang optimal. Di sisi lain, Bea dan Cukai dituntut untuk menghimpun penerimaan negara secara optimum. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut pada tahap post clearance dengan penelitian ulang, yaitu dengan membangun model data analitik untuk memprediksi klasifikasi barang yang diberitahukan oleh importir sudah sesuai atau belum. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Pemberitahuan Impor Barang selama tahun 2020 pada Kanwil DJBC XXX yang sampel data barangnya memiliki kemiripan tetapi berpotensi salah klasifikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Cross-industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) dan aplikasi Rapid Miner Studio 9.9.2. Berdasarkan permodelan yang dibentuk, didapatkan hasil prediksi klasifikasi yang sesuai menurut data mining. Didapat pula faktor yang paling memengaruhi kebenaran pemberitahuan klasifikasi barang impor, yaitu status importir, sedangkan yang paling tidak berpengaruh adalah jalur pengeluaran barang impor. Kata Kunci: Penelitian Ulang, Data Analitik, Penerimaan Negara, Klasifikasi Barang
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Anggraini, Recha Abriana, Galih Widagdo, Arief Setya Budi, and M. Qomaruddin. "Penerapan Data Mining Classification untuk Data Blogger Menggunakan Metode Naïve Bayes." Jurnal Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi (JUSTIN) 7, no. 1 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/justin.v7i1.30211.
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Jumlah pengguna situs blogger yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan perlu dilakukan pengklasifikasian data untuk mengetahui pengguna tersebut masuk dalam kategori pengguna blogger professional atau bukan. Sebagai referensi terkait penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang sudah dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Teknik pengklasifikasian pemodelan deskriptif dan prediktif dengan algoritma data mining yaitu menggunakan metode naïve bayes. Untuk mengelola data digunakan software rapid miner studio 6.0, dataset blogger diperoleh dari website UCI Machine learning Repository, Perhitungan performance vector menunjukkan akurasi klasifikasi metode Naive bayes diperoleh sebesar 86.67%. Sedangkan class precision dan class recall untuk prediksi yes menunjukkan tingkat precision sebesar 91.30% dan untuk prediksino sebesar 71.43%. Hasil klasifikasi dari data blogger dengan metode naïve bayes membagi 2 kelas klasifikasi PB yaitu class yes dan class no. Untuk nilai class yes yaitu 0.680 dan nilai class no yaitu 0.320. Dari hasil pengolahan data dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat akurasi pengklasifikasian data blogger mencapai 86.67%.
Książki na temat "Rapid miner studio"
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Moore, Henry. Henry Moore: Sketch-models and working-models : the South Bank Centre 1990-91. The Centre, 1990.
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Moore, Henry. Henry Moore: My ideas, inspiration and life as an artist. Collins & Brown, 1999.
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Moore, Henry. Henry Moore: Sculture, disegni, incisioni, arazzi. Electa, 1995.
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Ann, Elliott, Mitchinson David, and NationalGallery of Modern Art (New Delhi, India), eds. Henry Moore: [sculptures, drawings and graphics 1922-1984]. The British Council, 1987.
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Jean-Louis, Prat, and Fondation Maeght, eds. Henry Moore: Rétrospective, 3 juillet-5 novembre 2002, Fondation Maeght. Fondation Maeght, 2002.
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Ann, Garrould, Lund Humphries, and Henry Moore Foundation, eds. Henry Moore: Complete drawings. Henry Moore Foundation in association with Lund Humphries, 1994.
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Coray, Galleria Pieter, ed. Henry Moore: Disegni, sculture, grafica. Electa, 1993.
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Henry, Moore. Henry Moore: Hypo to phōs tēs Hellados. Umberto Allemandi, 2000.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Rapid miner studio"
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Day, Geoff, William E. Dietrich, Joel C. Rowland, and Andrew R. Marshall. "Chapter 3 The Rapid Spread of Mine-Derived Sediment across the Middle Fly River Floodplain." In The Fly River, Papu a New Guinea: Environmental Studies in an Impacted Tropical River System. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-9197(08)00403-5.
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Michman, Dan. "Understanding the Jewish Dimension of the Holocaust." In The Fate Of The European Jews, 1939-1945 Continuity or Contingency? Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195119312.003.0013.
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Abstract Holocaust historiography, by now unimaginable in its extent, deals with fragments or subtopics of the event itself. Few studies have been devoted to an effort to set the Holocaust “as a whole” within, as Amo Mayer put it, “the singular historical context in which it was conceived and executed.” Moreover, on examining those studies, one discovers that what is usually being “set in history,” what is usually being explained, is the persecution of the Jews-their expropriation, forced emigration and, ultimately, their murder. The paths of explanation differ, emphasizing variously Hitler’s will to world power; rabid eliminationist antisemitism; racism; the almost apocalyptic clash between Bolshevism and fascism; the modem bureaucratic state and economic modernization; and modernity itself; but all these theories share one characteristic: the subject of the analysis is one-dimensional-the issue of persecution or murder-and the explanation is placed linearly in German and/or European history. The Jews are thus perceived as an object, as “raw material,” and of minor importance in any explanation of the “event” as such.
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Nanny, Mark A., and Roger A. Minear. "31P FT-NMR of Concentrated Lake Water Samples." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Environment Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097511.003.0020.
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The use of phosphorus-31 Fourier Transform nuclear magnetic resonance (31P FT-NMR) spectroscopy for the study of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) in fresh water has been recently established by Nanny and Minear. The fact that NMR is an element-specific technique, is nondestructive, and has the ability to differentiate between similar phosphorus compounds makes it invaluable for the identification and characterization of DOP. Such information regarding DOP is required in order to understand aquatic nutrient cycling. The difficulty with using 31P FT-NMR spectroscopy for such studies is the extremely low DOP concentration; usually ranging from < 1 μg P/L in oligotrophic lakes to approximately 100 μg P/L for eutrophic systems. Nanny and Minear raised the DOP concentration into the NMR detection range, which is on the order of milligrams of phosphorus/liter, by concentrating large volumes of lake water with ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Volume concentration factors of several ten thousand fold provided DOP concentrations of up to 60 mg P/L. Other DOP concentration methods such as anion exchange, lanthanum hydroxide precipitation, and lyophilization require severe chemical and/or physical transformations of the sample and/or they need long processing times, all of which increase the risk of DOP hydrolysis. Sample concentration with UF and RO membranes does not require the sample to undergo these major changes and is also a relatively rapid concentration method. In addition to these concentration capabilities, the use of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes permitted fractionation of the DOP samples according to molecular size. Nanny and Minear used three membranes in series with decreasing pore size: 30kDa (kilodaltons), 1 kDa, and RO (95% NaCl rejection) to separate the high-molecular-weight, intermediate-molecular-weight, and low-molecular-weight DOP species. In the intermediate-molecular-weight fraction, Nanny and Minear observed the presence of monoester and diester phosphates. Spectra from ten samples collected over a year typically consisted of a large broad signal in the monoester phosphate region spanning from a chemical shift of 2.00 ppm to −0.50 ppm. The maximum of this signal was usually in the range of 1.00 to 1.50 ppm. This broad signal had a shoulder in the diester phosphate region which sometimes was intense enough to appear as an individual signal.
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Liu Xuedan and Wang Yinglin. "Experiment and Comparision on Classification of Chinese Car Reviews." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-900-3-810.
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With the rapid development of e-commerce and online review platforms, the number of reviews of product has been multiplied, which makes it significant to mine valuable information from them for both businesses and consumers. Usually text classification methods are the main approaches to deal with this kind of problems. There are several steps in the process of text classification, and many different choices of methods or components can be selected in each step, so there are many possible combinations of schemas. However, there was lack of comparison of those different combinations in the past. In this paper, different combinations of components of text classification are constructed and evaluated. In the feature selection and weighting step, mutual information, information gain, chi-square test and TF-IDF methods are used as the alternatives. In the text classification step, four frequently used machine learning methods are selected as the components. The experiments are conducted on an annotated Chinese car reviews corpus. Results show that the combination of using chi-square test and Support Vector Machine algorithm obtain the best performance. The relationship between the performance and the number of the features is also studied, and empirical size of the corpus in this kind of task is given.
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Gill, M., and N. Poulter. "A Systems Perspective on Postharvest Losses." In Feeding a World Population of More Than Eight Billion People. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113129.003.0021.
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The “green revolution,” fathered by the Nobel Laureate Dr. Norman Borlaug, has led to massive yield increases in key crops. Considerable effort continues to be given to the raising of yield plateaux in mainstream as well as minor crops through the application of traditional breeding and more advanced biotechnical methods. However, attention has increasingly been turned to postharvest losses that may impede the realization of the full impact of new varieties, in terms of both food quantity and quality. IFPRI’s “2020 Vision for Food, Agriculture, and the Environment” acknowledges rapid population growth and food productivity as key determinants in the alleviation of poverty, hunger, and malnutrition. Eight billion people in 2020 will require more than twice the current output of the major food items, but this projection assumes full “utilizable production,” which is far from reality. A 1996 CGIAR review of postharvest activities concluded that if the full benefits of productivity research are to be realized, there must be a complementary attention to efficiency in product utilization. Our aim in this chapter is to analyze the process of setting a research agenda that will maximize the potential for increasing food availability through reduced postharvest losses. We start by considering a commodity systems approach (producer to consumer), followed by discussion of what is meant by “loss” in this wider context and the presentation of data giving the rationale for focusing on tropical systems. We then discuss the particular needs of tropical systems, namely, the issues of food security and the sustainability of renewable natural resources, and describe some of the attributes of the approach proposed. Finally, we present six brief case studies to illustrate the potential contribution that science can make in the research to development continuum and reiterate the need to address postharvest losses in the wider social economic and policy context. The definition of the “postharvest system” to be used in this discussion starts with the harvesting of a crop, the slaughter of an animal, or the capture of fish and proceeds through the stages of their processing, storage, handling, marketing, and utilization.
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Solomon, Barry D., and Martin J. Pasqualetti. "Energy Geography." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0031.
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Fossil fuels powered the Industrial Revolution and they continue to dominate our lives as we enter the twenty-first century. Yet there are clear signs that the grip they have on every sector of society must soon relax in favor of other energy sources. Such a transition will not come because we are running out of fossil fuels, but rather because the environmental and social costs of their rapid use threaten our very existence on the planet. This is an expected development. From the time when fossil fuels first enabled and magnified humans’ dominion over the earth, the costs they brought—as any good economist would argue—have been inseparable from their benefits. Although the benefits were explicit and the local costs were experienced by many, it was not until skilled writers such as Zola, Orwell, Llewellyn, and Dickens vividly portrayed them that their widespread and pernicious nature was broadcast to those outside their immediate reach. Nowadays the problems we are grappling with have spread to the global scale, including atmospheric warming, thinning ozone, and rising exposure to above-background radioactivity. Understanding earth–energy associations is a task well matched to the varied skills of geographers. The worth of such study is increasingly apparent as the world’s human population continues to rise, as fossil fuels become more difficult to wrest from the earth, and as we continue to realize that there will be no risk-free, cost-free, or impact-free rabbits coming out of the alternative energy hat. In this chapter, we review developments in energy geography in the US and Canada as posted to the literature since the first edition of Geography in America, including a sprinkling from overseas to provide context. Owing to the fundamental nature of energy, we have accordingly cast a wide net in our background research, albeit with some boundaries. For example, while we discuss several important contributions to energy research by physical and environmental geographers, we excluded consideration of such themes as energy budgets, most climate change research, and mine-land reclamation and radioactive waste transport studies by hydrologists and geomorphologists.
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Xie, Yuling, Philip L. Verplanck, Zengqian Hou, and Richen Zhong. "Chapter 12 Rare Earth Element Deposits in China: A Review and New Understandings." In Mineral Deposits of China. Society of Economic Geologists, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.22.12.
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Abstract China has been the world’s leading rare earth element (REE) and yttrium producer for more than 20 years and hosts a variety of deposit types. Carbonatite-related REE deposits are the most significant REE deposit type, with REY (REE and yttrium)-bearing clay deposits, or ion adsorption-type deposits, being the primary source of the world’s heavy REEs. Other REY resources in China include those hosted in placers, alkaline granites, pegmatites, and hydrothermal veins, as well as in additional deposit types in which REEs may be recovered as by-product commodities. Carbonatite-related REE deposits in China provide nearly all the light REE production in the world. Two giant deposits are currently being mined in China: Bayan Obo and Maoniuping. The carbonatite-related REE deposits in China occur along the margins of Archean-Paleoproterozoic blocks, including the northern, southern, and eastern margins of the North China craton, and the western margin of the Yangtze craton. The carbonatites were emplaced in continental rifts (e.g., Bayan Obo) or translithospheric strike-slip faults (e.g., Maoniuping) along reactivated craton margins. The craton margins provide the first-order control for carbonatite-related REE resources. Four REE metallogenic belts, including the Proterozoic Langshan-Bayan Obo, late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic eastern Qinling-Dabie, late Mesozoic Chishan-Laiwu-Zibo, and Cenozoic Mianning-Dechang belts, occur along cratonic margins. Geologic and geochemical data demonstrate that the carbonatites in these belts originated from mantle sources that had been previously enriched, most likely by recycled marine sediments through subduction zones during the assembly of continental blocks. Although the generation of carbonatite magma is debated, a plausible mechanism is by liquid immiscibility between silicate and carbonate melts. This process would further enrich REEs in the carbonatite end member during the evolution of mantle-derived magma. The emplacement of carbonatite magma in the upper crust, channeled by translithospheric faults in extensional environments, leads to a rapid decompression of the magma and consequently exsolution of a hydrothermal fluid phase. The fluid is characterized by high temperature (600°–850°C), high pressure (up to 350 MPa), and enrichment in sulfate, CO2, K, Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, and REEs. Immiscibility of sulfate melts from the aqueous fluid, and phase separation between CO2 and water may take place upon fluid cooling. Although both sulfate and chloride have been called upon as important ligands in hydrothermal REE transport, results of our studies suggest that sulfate is more important. The exsolution of a sulfate melt from the primary carbonatite fluid would lead to a significant decrease of the sulfate activity in the fluid and trigger REE precipitation. The subsequent unmixing between CO2 and water may also play an important role in REE precipitation. Because of the substantial ability of the primary carbonatite fluid to contain REEs, a large-volume magma chamber or huge fluid flux are not necessary for the formation of a giant REE deposit. A dense carbonatite fluid and rapid evolution hinder long distance fluid transportation and distal mineralization. Thus, carbonatite-related alteration and mineralization occur in or proximal to carbonatite dikes and sills, and this is observed in all carbonatite-related REE deposits in China. Ion adsorption-type REE deposits are primarily located in the South China block and are genetically linked to the weathering of granite and, less commonly, volcanic rocks and lamprophyres. Indosinian (early Mesozoic) and Yanshanian (late Mesozoic) granites are the most important parent rocks for these REE deposits. Hydrothermal alteration by fluids exsolved from late Mesozoic granites or related alkaline rocks (e.g., syenite) may have enriched the parent rocks in REEs, particularly the heavy REEs. Furthermore, this alteration process led to the transformation of some primary REE minerals to secondary REE minerals that are more readily broken down during subsequent weathering. During the weathering process, the REEs are released from parent rocks and adsorbed onto kaolinite and halloysite in the weathering profile, and further enriched by the loss of other material to form the ion adsorption-type REE deposits. A warm and humid climate and a low-relief landscape are important characteristics for development of ion adsorption REE deposits.
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Anderson, John B., Davin J. Wallace, Antonio B. Rodriguez, Alexander R. Simms, and Kristy T. Milliken. "Holocene Evolution of the Western Louisiana–Texas Coast, USA: Response to Sea-Level Rise and Climate Change." In Holocene Evolution of the Western Louisiana–Texas Coast, USA: Response to Sea-Level Rise and Climate Change. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.1221(01).
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ABSTRACT An extensive grid of high-resolution seismic data, hundreds of sediment cores, and a robust radiocarbon-age data set acquired over nearly four decades allows detailed analysis of Holocene coastal evolution of western Louisiana and Texas, USA. Results from this study provide a framework for assessing the response of a myriad of coastal environments to climate change and variable sea-level rise. Climate varies across the region today, spanning four climate zones from humid to semi-arid, and has fluctuated during the Holocene. The most notable changes were alterations between cool/ wet and warm/dry conditions. Sea-level records for the northwestern Gulf of Mexico indicate an average rate of rise during the early Holocene of 4.2 mm/yr, punctuated by rates exceeding 10.0 mm/yr. After ca. 7.0 ka, the rate of rise slowed, and by ca. 4.0 ka, the average rate decreased from 0.6 mm/yr to 0.3 mm/yr. The current rate of sea-level rise in the region is 3.0 mm/yr, marking a return to early Holocene conditions. Despite its incomplete stratigraphic record of coastal evolution during the middle and early Holocene, it is still the most complete record for the Gulf Coast. Bay evolution, as recorded within the offshore Trinity and Sabine incised valleys, was characterized by periods of bayhead delta and tidal delta expansion, followed by episodes of dramatic landward shifts in these environments. The ancestral Brazos, Colorado, and Rio Grande river deltas and coastal barriers also experienced landward stepping during the early Holocene. The widespread nature of these flooding events and their impact on multiple coastal environments suggests that they were caused by episodes of rapid sea-level rise. Similar methods were used to study modern bays, including the acquisition of seismic lines and drill cores along the axes of the bays to examine the magnitudes and timing of transgressive events. Results from Lake Calcasieu, Sabine Lake, Galveston Bay, Matagorda Bay, Copano Bay, Corpus Christi Bay, and Baffin Bay reveal that landward shifts in bayhead deltas, on the order of kilometers per century, occurred between 9.8 ka and 9.5 ka, 8.9–8.5 ka, 8.4–8.0 ka, and 7.9–7.5 ka. These results are consistent with those from offshore studies and indicate that punctuated sea-level rise dominated coastal evolution during the early Holocene. By ca. 7.0 ka, the average rate of sea-level rise in the northern Gulf of Mexico decreased to 1.4 mm/yr, and there was considerable sinuosity of the coastline and variability in the timing of bay and coastal barrier evolution. The diachronous nature of coastal environment migration across the region indicates that sea-level rise played a secondary role to climate-controlled oscillations in river sediment discharge to the coast. At ca. 4.0 ka, the average rate of sea-level rise decreased to 0.5 mm/yr. During this period of slow sea-level rise, coastal bays began to take on their current form, with the exception of changes in the sizes and locations of bayhead deltas caused by changes in sediment supply from rivers. There were also significant changes in the size and configuration of tidal inlets and deltas as a result of barrier growth. The late Holocene was also a time when coastal barriers experienced progradation and transgression on the order of several kilometers. The timing of these changes varied across the region, which is another indication that sea-level rise played a minor role in coastal change during the late Holocene. Instead, barrier evolution during this time was controlled by fluctuations in sand supply to the coast from rivers and offshore sources. Historical records indicate a dramatic reversal in coastal evolution marked by increased landward shoreline migration of chenier plains and coastal barriers across the region. The main cause of this change is accelerated sea-level rise during this century and diminished sediment supply to the coast. Wetlands are also experiencing rapid change due to their inability to keep pace with sea-level rise, especially in areas where subsidence rates are high. Although direct human influence is a factor in these changes, these impacts are more localized. Coastal change is expected to increase over the next several decades as the rate of sea-level rise increases, the climate in Texas becomes more arid, and more severe storms impact the coast.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Rapid miner studio"
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Li, Bingtao, and B. Gleeson. "Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of 800 Series Chromia-Forming Alloys." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01163.
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Abstract The cyclic oxidation behavior of four commercial iron-base 800 series chromia-forming alloys was studied at 1000 °C in still air. Each thermal cycle consisted of one day at temperature followed by air-cooling to room temperature. Two different types of alloys were studied (800 and 800HT), with the alloys being supplied by two different producers. Although the alloys were of similar chemical composition, their variations in microstructure and minor constituent contents were apparently sufficiently different to cause marked differences in oxidation behavior. The 800HT alloys generally performed the worst, undergoing rapid weight-loss kinetics after a period of relatively protective oxidation. The time required for the commencement of rapid weight-loss kinetics depended significantly on the producer of the 800HT alloy. The oxidation behavior of the 800 alloys was also producer dependent, but not to the significant extent found for the 800HT alloys.
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Boltz, S., D. Chambers, S. Sbai, and P. Janson. "Developing a Velocity Model for an Underground Coal Mine Using a Compressed Load Column Seismic Source." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0284.
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ABSTRACT Induced seismicity is common in underground mining, particularly in mines that cave by design, such as longwall coal mining. Seismic monitoring is one of the few remote sensing technologies that provide an understanding of a mine's response to extraction. However, its effectiveness usually depends on understanding event locations in relation to the mine workings. A significant source of uncertainty in event locations is the velocity model: a description of the speed at which seismic energy propagates. A nondestructive, repeatable compressed load column seismic source (CLCSS) was developed for velocity model calibration in underground coal mines. This paper describes the CLCSS and its application at a longwall coal mine. Signals from the CLCSS were detected up to 950 m epicentrally (1,100 m hypocentrally) from the source. Using the ground-truthed signals from the seismic source, we estimate a velocity model for locating events from a surface geophone array. Model performance is evaluated by relocating mining-induced events with well-constrained locations. A three-layer model with P-wave velocities ranging from 3.6 km/s to 4.4 km/s and a VP/VS ratio of 2.1 performed best with location errors of approximately 100 m, which is sufficient for many applications of seismic monitoring in coal mines. INTRODUCTION Coal bursts—violent dynamic failures which cause damage to mine openings—were first documented in European coal mines well before World War I (Guan et al., 2009) and continue to threaten underground coal miners around the world. For example, approximately 280 significant bursts occurred in U.S. coal mines between 1983 and 2017, seven of which resulted in fatalities (Mark, 2018). In China, over 200 coal mines have reported bursts cumulatively resulting in over 1,000 injuries and 100 fatalities in the past 10 years (Rong et al., 2022). Poland's Upper Silesian Coal Basin has experienced over 100 significant events, some of which resulted in injuries and fatalities (Mutke et al., 2015). Several other countries have also reported coal mine bursts, including Japan, Australia, India, France, South Africa, Czechoslovakia, Canada, Germany, and Russia (Lama and Bodziony, 1998). Although bursting mechanisms are not well understood and vary considerably, studies have identified risk factors including depth of cover or rapid changes in topographic relief, thick brittle strata near the coal seam, inadequately designed pillars, multi-seam interactions, and a variety of other mining and geological factors (Mark and Guana, 2016).
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Smith, Barton L., and Cameron V. King. "Time-Resolved PIV and Pressure Measurements of Oscillating and Pulsating Flow in a Rapid Expansion." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37257.
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Separating oscillating and pulsating flows in an internal adverse pressure gradient geometry are studied experimentally. Time-resolved PIV measurements and simultaneous pressure measurements reveal that, in oscillating flow, during the accelerating portion of the cycle, the flow remains attached in spite of a very large adverse pressure gradient. During the decelerating portion of the cycle, the flow is more prone to separation. The duration and extent of the separation depend strongly on the oscillation displacement amplitude relative to the cross-stream dimension. In some cases, the flow separates but reattaches as the separated shear layer is accelerated temporally. The time-varying pressure measurements are used to determine the resultant minor losses for the flow in each direction. These are found to be an increasing function of displacement amplitude and a decreasing function of the Reynolds number and can be greater than or less than those for steady flow. Pressure and velocity measurements are presented for pulsating flow with various DC components.
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Panta, Yogendra M., and Param C. Adhikari. "Design of Efficient Electroosmotic Micromixer." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-54005.
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Micro-bio/chemical applications in a μTAS (Micro Total Analysis Systems) require rapid and uniform mixing of a number of fluid streams that carries bio/chemical species in the solution. An electro osmotic mixer from COMSOL model library is taken as a main model from which other alterations are designed for optimization. The circular, square and elliptical mixers were modeled to see the variation in the mixing. We analyzed the mixing process by varying the mixing shape, concentration, mixing channel width and electrode pairs. Concentration variance at the outlet over time was studied to determine the extent of mixing.
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Kaspar, Markus, Thomas Frühwirt, Christine Latal, and Manfred Blümel. "Towards a rapid and practical determination of the pin-rock interaction parameters of the CERCHAR abrasivity test." In 4th European Regional Conference of IAEG. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5592/co/euroengeo.2024.152.
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The CERCHAR test is a widely used index test for evaluating rock abrasiveness and associated tool wear in rock excavation. However, routine testing only assesses the wear on the pin itself. To evaluate the advancement rates in rock cutting during excavation, it is also crucial to consider the material removal of the rock. Recent studies have begun to include this aspect by developing advanced methods, automated testing devices, or using customized equipment for test evaluation. Yet, these methods are too time-consuming and specialized to be used in routine laboratory testing. This study investigates the correlation between traditional CAI and associated material removal by complementary measurements of the scratch groove on the rock specimen using a stereomicroscope. The presented approach enables the straight forward determination of additional parameters, such as rock volume removal and pin tip loss, based on the inherent pin tip geometry and associated scratch groove geometry. These parameters are then used to calculate the CERCHAR Abrasion Ratio, which serves as a proxy for the excavability of different rock types. Despite some minor limitations, this approach can deliver values that are comparable to those obtained using specialized equipment. Therefore, it has the potential to be a practical method for assessing abrasion and excavation on job sites.
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Raza, A. H., R. A. Lai-Fook, and C. J. Lawrence. "Theoretical and Experimental Characterization of Emulsion Flow in a Cavity Transfer Mixer." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45770.
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A theoretical model of time-dependent flow based on Reynolds equation using emulsion processing in a Cavity Transfer Mixer (CTM) has been developed in Mathematica and is presented in this work. It is a continuum model, which allows the study of materials undergoing rapid deformation. The flow of a fluid in a CTM is examined using a finite difference analysis (FDA) to solve the flow equations for an unwound section with cavities arranged in a rectangular pattern. Periodic boundary conditions are included in the model to predict the pressure distribution, which allows subsequent determination of the flow field. The solution procedure gives a smooth function for the pressure field, with equal pressures at the boundaries in the y-direction and an overall mean pressure gradient in the x-direction. Once the pressure has been found, several flow properties follow directly. The flow in the downstream axial direction is seen to consist of purely pressure-driven flow. In contrast, the flow in the cross-cavity direction is a recirculating flow driven by the drag velocity of the moving rotor surface. These two flows taken together combine into a helical flow travelling through the cavity. Because of this, there is likely to bre a high degree of laminar and distributive flow in this type of machine. The experimental part of this work addresses the processing of an emulsion in the CTM when it is run under batch and continuous modes of operation. The flow characteristics have been studied for varying rotor speeds of 0 rpm, 16 rpm, 32 rpm, 48 rpm and 64 rpm. Also studied were the changes that the emulsion exhibits along the mixer length and with time in the mixer. The experiments indicate that increase in the rotational speed causes the viscosity to reduce systematically in both batch and continuous modes of operation.
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Chamarthy, Pramod, and Steve Wereley. "Mixing Characteristics in a Serpentine Micro-Channel." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61902.
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Mixing characteristics in a 2D serpentine micro-channel were studied experimentally to understand the role of Dean vortices in enhancing mixing. Mixing plane deformation was visualized at Reynolds numbers ranging from 1 to 200 with the corresponding Dean numbers ranging from 1 to 205. The 2D serpentine micro-channel was found to be a poor mixer for Re&lt;50 even though a strong presence of Dean vortices was observed. The generation of flow separated regions at sharp corners, above Re=100, was observed to cause a sharp increase in the mixing obtained. The interaction between the Dean vortices and the corner vortices was studied by imaging pathlines at varying depths near the sharp corners. The interaction produced rapid stretching and folding of the two fluids, which was determined to be the reason for the increased mixing at Re&gt;100. This study will have a significant impact on the understanding of transport properties of flows in similar geometries.
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Pinkard, Brian R., Elizabeth G. Rasmussen, John C. Kramlich, Per G. Reinhall, and Igor V. Novosselov. "Supercritical Water Gasification of Ethanol for Fuel Gas Production." In ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2019-3950.
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Abstract Supercritical water gasification of dilute ethanol at the industrial scale promises a sustainable route to bio-syngas production for use in combined cycle power plants. Cost-effective bio-syngas production would reduce reliance on fossil fuels for electricity generation and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing waste biomass resources. Continuous supercritical water gasification offers high reactant conversion at short residence times without an added catalyst. The decomposition of ethanol in supercritical water is studied in a continuous reactor at 560 °C, 25 MPa, residence times between 3 and 8 s, and a constant initial ethanol concentration of 8.1 wt%. High-resolution, in-situ Raman spectroscopy facilitates identification of reaction products. Significant yields of H2, CO, and CH4 indicate the dominance of a dehydrogenation reaction pathway at studied conditions, while minor yields of ethane indicate a secondary dehydration reaction pathway. Ethylene yields are virtually nonexistent, indicating rapid hydrogenation of ethylene to ethane at these conditions. Ethanol dehydrogenation to H2, CO, and CH4 results in an overall fuel value upgrade of 84.5 kJ/mol-EtOH. Dehydration of ethanol to ethane results in an overall fuel degradation of −3.8 kJ/mol-EtOH.
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Nedyalkov, Ivaylo, Alec Cunningham, and Adam Lovell. "Effects of Cyclist Size and Position Within Formations on Drag and Side Force in the Presence of Cross Winds." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5476.
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Abstract In the absence of cross-winds, a cyclist can expend up to 90% of their energy to overcome drag and can save up to 30% of that energy if riding behind another cyclist. The aerodynamic forces acting on cyclists in the presence of cross wind have not been studied in much detail. The effect of the offset distances between cyclists on the aerodynamic forces has been investigated in the literature for configurations of two cyclists. In the present study, 1:11 scale models of two different cyclists were rapid-prototyped and tested in a wind tunnel. The effect of the size of the cyclist was studied by placing the larger cyclist model behind the smaller one; the smaller behind the larger one; and the larger model behind an identical (larger model) copy. The effect of position within the group was studied by measuring the forces on each of the four cyclists placed in a favorable formation. The results suggest that the size of the cyclist matters, particularly when the leading cyclist is smaller than the drafting cyclist, and the effect is more prominent for the side forces. The results also show that in a formation of four cyclists, the leading cyclist experiences minor drag reduction compared to riding alone. The second and third cyclists experience the largest force reductions within the group, and the fourth cyclist experiences force reduction, which is not as significant. The results appear to be dependent on the Reynolds number, but may still be valuable for racing strategies and recreational cycling.
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Hoffmann, J., J. Bonnier, and J. de Swart. "COAGULATION STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DURING THROMBOLYTIC TREATMENT WITH APSAC (BRL-26921) OR STREPTOKINASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642996.
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We studied 70 patients with acute myocardial infarction in a multicenter trial comparing intravenous anisoylated plasminogen-streptokinase activator complex (APSAC or BRL-26921; 30 U in 2-4 min) with intracoronary streptokinase (SK; 250,000 U in 1 hour). Blood for coagulation and fibrinolytic determinations was taken before and 1 1/2,12,24 and 48 h after thrombolytic treatment. There were 65 patients in whom fibrinogen decreased by more than 10% of pretreatment; this was defined as a systemic lytic state. Of these patients,33 were treated with APSAC and 32 with SK. The lowest fibrinogen was found at 1 1/2 h : about 15% and 22% of baseline, respectively. Also plasminogen and α2-antiplasmin reached low levels at 1 1/2h hour. Plasminogen mean 32 ± 11 % and 34 ± 9% of pretreatment for APSAC and SK , respectively and a2-antiplasmin to less than 5% and 6 + 9 %. Fibrin(ogen) degradation products peaked at lh h,too. The mean FDP was significantly higher in the APSAC group than in the SK group (739 vs. 355 mg/L). The global coagulation assays APTT, PT, TT and reptilase time all yielded comparable results: peak values at l^h and no difference between both groups. After 24 to 48 hours all parameters had returned to their baseline levels, except FDP which was still elevated.The euglobilin clot lysis time(ECLT) showed a different picture: after a very rapid decrease in both groups, ECLT quickly rose to normal in the SK group, but it remained shortened in the APSAC group at 24 and even 48 h. This sustained fibrinolytic activity was significantly different from SK.In the 5 patients without systemic lytic state (3 APSAC; 2 SK), only minor changes in the parameters measured were found, except a decrease in ECLT at 1 1/2h in three of them and a slight drop in α2-antiplasmin in 2 patients. Two of these patients had a very high SK-resistance titer before treatment.It is concluded that both APSAC and SK cause a profound systemic lytic state in the majority of patients, but the degree of this systemic lysis did not significantly differ between both groups. The total fibrinolytic activity, measured as ECLT, sustained for a significantly longer period in the APSAC group than in the SK group, which probably explains the low reocclusion rate of APSAC.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Rapid miner studio"
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Blakeman, Seth T., Anthony R. Gibbs, and Jeyanthan Jeyasingam. Study of the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicle as a Model for Rapid Defense Acquisitions. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada493891.
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Bulkley, Michael E., and Gregory C. Davis. The Study of the Rapid Acquisition Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicle Program and Its Impact on the Warfighter. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582916.
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Boyer, A., and N. R. Billette. Orebodies and mining environment, links between geology and quantification. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331774.
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The application of quantitative techniques to solve geological and geoengineering problems is relatively recent. Often borrowed from other fields, models must be selected with care to ensure that they are appropriate. The introduction, increasing use and rapid development of these techniques follows the fast evolution of more powerful computer hardwares and softwares. Studies have been carried out to establish the usefulness of several quantitative techniques in solving typical geological/geotechnical problems using available exploration and production drillhole data. Results derived from these studies show the techniques are suitable for use in orebody modelling and mine planning. Practical case studies are presented in the report. Following these studies, modelling of bulk material handling systems is used to control mineral or metal feed fluctuations.
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Steffens, John C., and Eithan Harel. Polyphenol Oxidases- Expression, Assembly and Function. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571358.bard.
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Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) participate in the preparation of many plant products on the one hand and cause considerable losses during processing of plant products on the other hand. However, the physiological functions of plant PPO were still a subject of controversy at the onset of the project. Preliminary observations that suggested involvement of PPOs in resistance to herbivores and pathogens held great promise for application in agriculture but required elucidation of PPO's function if modulation of PPO expression is to be considered for improving plant protection or storage and processing of plant products. Suggestions on a possible role of PPO in various aspects of chloroplast metabolism were also relevant in this context. The characterization of plant PPO genes opened a way for achieving these goals. We reasoned that "understanding PPO targeting and routing, designing ways to manipulate its expression and assessing the effects of such modifications will enable determination of the true properties of the enzyme and open the way for controlling its activity". The objective of the project was to "obtain an insight into the function and biological significance of PPOs" by examining possible function(s) of PPO in photosynthesis and plant-pest interactions using transgenic tomato plants; extending our understanding of PPO routing and assembly and the mechanism of its thylakoid translocation; preparing recombinant PPOs for use in import studies, determination of the genuine properties of PPOs and understanding its assembly and determining the effect of PPO's absence on chloroplast performance. Results obtained during work on the project made it necessary to abandon some minor objectives and devote the effort to more promising topics. Such changes are mentioned in the 'Body of the report' which is arranged according to the objectives of the original proposal. The complex expression pattern of tomato PPO gene family was determined. Individual members of the family are differentially expressed in various parts of the plant and subjected to developmentally regulated turnover. Some members are differentially regulated also by pathogens, wounding and chemical wound signals. Wounding systemically induces PPO activity and level in potato. Only tissues that are developmentally competent to express PPO are capable of responding to the systemic wounding signal by increased accumulation of PPO mRNA. Down regulation of PPO genes causes hyper susceptibility to leaf pathogens in tomato while over expression regulation of PPO expression in tomato plants is their apparent increased tolerance to drought. Both the enhanced disease resistance conferred by PPO over expression and the increased stress tolerance due to down regulation can be used in the engineering of improved crop plants. Photosynthesis rate and variable fluorescence measurements in wild type, and PPO-null and over expressing transgenic tomato lines suggest that PPO does not enable plants to cope better with stressful high light intensities or reactive oxygen species. Rather high levels of the enzyme aggravate the damage caused under such conditions. Our work suggests that PPO's primary role is in defending plants against pathogens and herbivores. Jasmonate and ethylene, and apparently also salicylate, signals involved in responses to wounding and defense against herbivores and pathogens, enhance markedly and specifically the competence of chloroplasts to import and process pPPO. The interaction of the precursor with thylakoid membranes is primarily affected. The routing of PPO shows other unusual properties: stromal processing occurs in two sites, resulting in intermediates that are translocated across thylakoids by two different mechanisms - a DpH- and a Sec-dependent one. It is suggested that the dual pattern of processing and routing constitutes a'fail safe' mechanism, reflecting the need for a rapid and flexible response to defense challenges. Many of the observations described above should be taken into consideration when manipulation of PPO expression is contemplated for use in crop improvement.