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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Rat noir – Vecteurs de maladies"
Lucaccioni, Héloïse. "Espaces, liens, et santé : dynamiques d’invasion d’un hôte de zoonoses dans un territoire en mutation : le cas du rat noir au Sénégal Oriental". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100167/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe evolution of spatial relationships in the contemporary context of global changes and globalization promote disease emergence. In this study, we draw a geography of territorial vulnerabilities to the emergence of zoonotic risks. In southeastern Senegal, a changing rural periphery of West Africa, we address the issue of the spread of an invasive species and host of pathogens, the black rat (Rattus rattus). We argue that societies produce territorial systems that are unequally vulnerable to the spatial diffusion of the host.We evidence that the spaces of Southeastern Senegal and the spatial relationships among them are transformed under the action of multiple social actors. The spread of the black rat reflects these changes. Yet, the spatial characteristics of the invaded places (such as connectivity or centrality) as well as the spatial relationships among them are insufficient in understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of the rodent invasion. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the black rat contradicts conventional models of hierarchical or contagious diffusion. The spatial diffusion of the host responds to spaces, places, and spatial links intimately woven by societies into complex and multiscale systems. We propose to understand the many forms of spatial diffusion as the response to the stability or instability of these socio-spatial systems, which then form territories unevenly vulnerable to the risk of disease emergence
Sforza, René. "Epidémiologie du bois noir de la vigne : Recherche d'insectes vecteurs et biologie de hyalesthes obsoletus sign. (hemiptera : cixiidae) ; évolution de la maladie et perspectives de lutte". Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066330.
Pełny tekst źródłaParadis, Julie. "Impact d'une alimentation périnatale déséquilibrée sur le développement des circuits de la récompense chez le rat". Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1031.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe perinatal period is a critical developmental window in which different stresses (nutritional, inflammatory, infectious,…) could impact the occurrence of eating disorders like to promote metabolic disorders in adulthood. Therefore, the hedonic component of food behavior ensured by the reward circuits could be altered. However, the ontogeny of the functioning and structural organization of these circuits is still poorly understood following an unbalanced perinatal diet. The aim of this study is to determine in rats the impact of perinatal protein restriction and perinatal overeating on (i) preferences for fat (ii) structural anatomy of dopaminergic brain areas (iii) molecular signature of reward circuits (iv) functional properties of nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key structure of these circuits. Regardless of the unabalanced perinatal diet, we have shown an increased preference for fat during childhood PN25 (altered behavior), a lower preference for fat during adolescence PN50 (protective mechanisms?) and no more differences in preference for fat at adulthood PN95 (compensation mechanisms?). Moreover, food preference could be correlated to modifications of dopaminergic and GABAergic transcripts, dopaminergic structural composition, and electrophysilogical properties of NAc neurons. To conclude, an unbalanced perinatal diet impacts ontogeny of fat preference with longterm effects on communication in the brain reward circuits
Fança-Berthon, Pascale. "Le retard de croissance intra-utérin (RCIU) altère-t-il la maturation de la barrière et la mise en place du microbiote colique au cours du développement postnatal ? : ces effets sont-ils encore perceptibles chez l'adulte ?" Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2055.
Pełny tekst źródłaFernandez, Marion. "Le rôle de systèmes à phosphorelais dans l’infection de la puce Xenopsylla cheopis par Yersinia pestis". Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUS050.
Pełny tekst źródłaTwo-component systems are used by bacteria to sense and respond to environmental cues by modulating genetic expression. They are composed of an histidine kinase, a sensor which transmits the signal to a response regulator by a phosphotransfert mechanism. Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague, a zoonotic disease, and is transmitted by fleas. Biofilm formation in the flea proventriculus leads to flea blockage, which is an important step for Y. pestis transmission by its vector. During its life cycle, Y. pestis must sense and adapt to different environments. This is why two-component systems have been considered of interest for Y. pestis pathogenicity studies. Our work provided evidence that OmpR/EnvZ is activated in the flea’s digestive tract. Interestingly, neither osmolarity nor pH variation in the flea gut trigger OmpR-EnvZ. In contrast, nutrient depletion occurring after blood digestion could be responsible for the activation of the system. We further reported that OmpR/EnvZ is needed for flea blockage because it is needed for biofilm formation in the proventriculus, especially by activating ompF. In addition to OmpR-EnvZ, we also provided evidence that the activation of the GlrKR-YfhG regulatory system is also required for flea blockage. Strikingly, this system displays two distinct function. In the proventriculus, it promotes the production of c-di-GMP, a secondary messenger essential for biofilm formation, and thus flea blockage. In the midgut, it activates the transcription of small RNA glmY and glmZ genes to maintain the bacterial morphology. Overall, our data suggest that the flea’s digestive tract is a toxic environment for Y. pestis and that the proventriculus and the midgut are two distinct environments
Ludwig, Sophie. "Comportement d'un "Perturbateur Endocrinien" et d'un "non Perturbateur Endocrinien" vis à vis de la toxicité testiculaire chez le rat". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658641.
Pełny tekst źródłaReboul, Angéline. "Rôle des systèmes à deux composants dans le cycle de la peste". Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S038.
Pełny tekst źródłaPlague bacillus, Yersinia pestis has a parasitic lifestyle in which it is mainly transmitted between mammilian hosts through the bite of infected fleas, and in rare cases through infected droplets. Thus, Yersinia pestis must rapidly sense and respond to wide and brutal changes of its environment in order to survive. We aimed at decipher the role of two component regulatory systems in plague, as they are known to be key players in bacterial adaptation to the environment. In addition to the already described PhoP-PhoQ system, we found out that four systems are required for plague cycle. We showed that one of these systems is important for an optimal colonization of the flea's digestive tract, while the three others are required for biofilm production, an essential step in the bacillus transmission by the fleas. We also found out that OmpR-EnvZ, in addition to PhoP-PhoQ, is the only one to be important to produce bubonic, septicemic and pulmonary plague. Our in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo works suggest that the OmpR-EnvZ system would be to protect bacterial against toxic effectors that are produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes all along the infectious process