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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Rating of”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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1

Wang, Jingyan, and Nihar B. Shah. "Ranking and Rating Rankings and Ratings." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 09 (April 3, 2020): 13704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i09.7126.

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Cardinal scores collected from people are well known to suffer from miscalibrations. A popular approach to address this issue is to assume simplistic models of miscalibration (such as linear biases) to de-bias the scores. This approach, however, often fares poorly because people's miscalibrations are typically far more complex and not well understood. It is widely believed that in the absence of simplifying assumptions on the miscalibration, the only useful information in practice from the cardinal scores is the induced ranking. In this paper we address the fundamental question of whether this

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Livingston, Miles, Andy Naranjo, and Lei Zhou. "Split bond ratings and rating migration." Journal of Banking & Finance 32, no. 8 (August 2008): 1613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2007.11.019.

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Dijkers, Marcel, and Adam Stein. "Article 15: Comparing Verbal Rating Scale and Numeric Rating Scale Ratings of Pain." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 88, no. 10 (October 2007): e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.022.

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Daines, Robert M., Ian D. Gow, and David F. Larcker. "Rating the ratings: How good are commercial governance ratings?☆." Journal of Financial Economics 98, no. 3 (December 2010): 439–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.06.005.

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Ruddy, John A. "An Analysis of Bank Financial Strength Ratings and Credit Rating Data." Risks 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9090155.

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In this study, data from two credit rating agencies are analyzed to consider how different Bank Financial Strength Ratings and Credit Ratings from two rating agencies compare. To my knowledge, prior research has not analyzed Bank Financial Strength Ratings from different rating agencies, nor has it compared Bank Financial Strength Ratings to general credit ratings. These facts make this research unique. Univariate analyses are utilized to show relationships in the ratings data, along with parametric and non-parametric tests to make statistical inferences about the ratings data. There are five

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Roch, Sylvia G., and Kimberly L. Braddock. "Do Employees Prefer to Receive Ratings? The Role of Justice Perceptions and Justice-Related Factors." Journal of Personnel Psychology 19, no. 3 (July 2020): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000243.

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Abstract. We empirically investigated whether employees would rather not receive performance ratings, as often claimed by those advocating the elimination of ratings. We also investigated whether rating preference is colored by perceived justice/injustice and whether factors antithetical to positive reactions to ratings – politics, low previous performance rating, and lack of a perceived link between ratings and outcomes – relate to employee rating preference. A survey of working adults indicated that most would rather receive ratings than not. The results also suggest that justice perceptions

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Peterson, Lindsay, John Bowblis, and Kathryn Hyer. "NH Compare’s Health Deficiency 5-Star Rating: Do We Learn Different Things From Survey and Complaint Deficiencies?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.129.

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Abstract The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) publishes a 5-star rating system for nursing homes (NH). Currently, the 5-star rating for health deficiencies weights deficiencies from annual recertification surveys and complaints equally. Complaint deficiencies may contain different information than survey deficiencies because complaint deficiencies originate with consumers and complaint inspections are less predictable than surveys. The objective of this study is to construct separate 5-star ratings for survey and complaint deficiencies, and to compare them to CMS’ 5-star rating

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Myšková, Kateřina, and David Hampel. "Rating calibration." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 2 (2012): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260020223.

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In this work we deal with the question of whether the evaluation of selected rating agencies is equivalent in some sense or not and whether it is possible to find a relationship between assessments. The fact that rating agencies affect not only financial market participants (by publication of companies or states ratings) is undeniable. On the one hand, these agencies are criticized for the rating changes, which have influence for example credit conditions for rated entity. On the other hand, ratings have a growing number of users for which ratings have become one of the few clues in today’s co

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Bartels, Bernhard. "Why rating agencies disagree on sovereign ratings." Empirical Economics 57, no. 5 (June 25, 2018): 1677–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-018-1503-y.

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Kadariah, Siti, Anriza Witi Nasution, and Saparuddin Siregar. "Penerapan Konsep Peringkat Risiko pada Manajemen Risiko Hukum di Perbankan Syariah." Jurnal EMT KITA 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/emt.v7i2.890.

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This study aims to look at the risk rating, the risk rating is the final conclusion on the Bank's risk after considering the mitigation carried out through the implementation of risk management, to determine the bank's risk rating refers to the rating matrix. This matrix basically maps out risk ratings resulting from a combination of inherent risk and quality of risk management implementation. Research results determine the risk rating because the determination of the rating assessment is the basis for banks to categorize bank risk ratings. The results of applying risk ratings for banks are ca

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11

Grudzevuch, Uljana. "Assessment of the activities of Ukrainian banks by rating agencies under the conditions of marital state." Economic Analysis, no. 33(1) (2023): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2023.01.149.

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Introduction. The market of rating services is gradually developing both at the international and national levels. Over the years of operation of rating agencies, a significant number of various ratings have been developed and used. In particular, typical ratings are credit ratings of the issuer and debt obligations. One of the rating objects, along with countries, municipalities, large industrial enterprises, are banking institutions. If at the beginning of the activity of rating agencies in Ukraine, mainly banks with foreign capital and large banks had a rating, then in recent years all bank

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Niedziółka, Paweł. "The Country Ceiling and Sovereign Rating Relationship Exemplified by the Case of Poland." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 3, no. 354 (July 8, 2021): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.354.01.

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The aim of the article is to answer the question whether the ratings of entities registered in Poland are limited by the sovereign rating of the country. The author theorises that the sovereign rating of Poland does not constitute the upper limit for ratings granted by the Big Three (Fitch Ratings, Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s) to Polish financial and non‑financial entities. The databases of three leading rating agencies were queried, selecting all (52) long‑term foreign ratings assigned to entities registered in Poland. The analysis indicates that currently no confirmation can be found o

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13

White, Devin, Mingkang Wu, Ellen Novoseller, Vernon J. Lawhern, Nicholas Waytowich, and Yongcan Cao. "Rating-Based Reinforcement Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 9 (March 24, 2024): 10207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i9.28886.

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This paper develops a novel rating-based reinforcement learning approach that uses human ratings to obtain human guidance in reinforcement learning. Different from the existing preference-based and ranking-based reinforcement learning paradigms, based on human relative preferences over sample pairs, the proposed rating-based reinforcement learning approach is based on human evaluation of individual trajectories without relative comparisons between sample pairs. The rating-based reinforcement learning approach builds on a new prediction model for human ratings and a novel multi-class loss funct

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Bae, Kee-Hong, Jun-Koo Kang, and Jin Wang. "Does Increased Competition Affect Credit Ratings? A Reexamination of the Effect of Fitch’s Market Share on Credit Ratings in the Corporate Bond Market." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 50, no. 5 (October 2015): 1011–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109015000472.

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AbstractWe examine two competing views regarding the impact of competition among credit rating agencies on rating quality: the view that rating agencies do not sacrifice their reputation by inflating firm ratings, and the view that competition among rating agencies arising from the conflict of interest inherent in an “issuer pay” model creates pressure to inflate ratings. Using Fitch’s market share as a measure of competition among rating agencies and controlling for the endogeneity problem caused by unobservable industry effects, we find no relation between Fitch’s market share and ratings, s

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15

Wang, Lu. "Bank Rating Gaps as Proxies for Systemic Risk." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 12, no. 2 (June 6, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v12i2.19678.

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Banks receive two types of ratings from major rating agencies: an “all-in” and a “stand-alone” rating. This paper investigates whether rating gaps between all-in ratings and stand-alone ratings could serve as a useful measure for the systemic risk of banks. Using US data from 1994 to 2007, the link between the rating gaps and a quantitative systemic risk measure, Co-independent Value at Risk (CoVar), is examined. The conclusion is that rating gaps are good proxies for systemic risk of large banks.

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16

Zhou, Xiangyun. "Can the dual-rating regulation improve the rating quality of Chinese corporate bonds?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): e0259759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259759.

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We developed a dual-reputational rating shopping model to introduce public and institutional reputations. Investor’s and regulator’s penalty rates are described as public and institutional reputations, respectively. We achieved the available conditions of single-rating and dual-rating regulations to prevent rating inflation in this model. To examine the regulatory effects of different types of regulations on Chinese corporate bond ratings, we utilize panel ordered logit models. Theoretical analysis and empirical tests show that, when the reputation effect is low, the single-rating regulation i

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Lopatta, Kerstin, Magdalena Tchikov, and Finn Marten Körner. "The impact of market sectors and rating agencies on credit ratings: global evidence." Journal of Risk Finance 20, no. 5 (November 18, 2019): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-09-2017-0145.

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Purpose A credit rating, as a single indicator on one consistent scale, is designed as an objective and comparable measure within a credit rating agency (CRA). While research focuses mainly on the comparability of ratings between agencies, this paper additionally questions empirically how CRAs meet their promise of providing a consistent assessment of credit risk for issuers within and between market segments of the same agency. Design/methodology/approach Exhaustive and robust regression analyses are run to assess the impact of market sectors and rating agencies on credit ratings. The examina

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Vakilinia, Iman, Peyman Faizian, and Mohammad Mahdi Khalili. "RewardRating: A Mechanism Design Approach to Improve Rating Systems." Games 13, no. 4 (July 29, 2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g13040052.

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Nowadays, rating systems play a crucial role in the attraction of customers to different services. However, as it is difficult to detect a fake rating, fraudulent users can potentially unfairly impact the rating’s aggregated score. This fraudulent behavior can negatively affect customers and businesses. To improve rating systems, in this paper, we take a novel mechanism-design approach to increase the cost of fake ratings while providing incentives for honest ratings. However, designing such a mechanism is a challenging task, as it is not possible to detect fake ratings since raters might rate

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Shmahelska, Marina. "World ratings: features of formation and impact on the on the country’s economic growth." Socio-Economic Research Bulletin, no. 2(77) (June 30, 2021): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33987/vsed.2(77).2021.181-192.

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The article investigates the ratings formation as a special type of activity that is actively implemented in a market economy. The process of creating a rating system is considered. It is established that the analysis results of economic entities activities are expressed as the results of evaluation in the rating scale. The main difference between the concepts of «rating» and «ranking» is determined, which allows building economic entities according to the ranking, that is, according to one of the indicators. The criteria that underlie the classification of ratings are analyzed. It is noted th

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McNabb, W. M., C. G. J. van den Berg, and S. R. Rimmer. "Comparison of inoculation methods for selection of plants resistant to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 1199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-159.

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The relationship between ratings following four inoculation techniques and field ratings and the usefulness of these techniques for screening large populations was determined. Plants of Brassica napus ’Westar,’ ’Wesroona’, ’Topas’, ’Hanna’ and ’R8314’ were inoculated with L. maculans using four techniques: cotyledon inoculation with cotyledon rating, leaf inoculation with leaf and stem rating, stem inoculation with stem rating and inoculation using infested oat kernels with stem rating. Plants from each combination of cultivar and technique were self-pollinated for evaluation of disease rating

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Oehler, Andreas, Andreas Höfer, Matthias Horn, and Stefan Wendt. "Do mutual fund ratings provide valuable information for retail investors?" Studies in Economics and Finance 35, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-05-2017-0120.

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Purpose Retail investors use information provided by mutual fund rating agencies to make investment decisions. This paper aims to examine whether the ratings provide useful information to retail investors by analyzing the rating migration and closure risk of mutual funds that received Morningstar’s mutual fund ratings from 2005 to 2012. Design/methodology/approach The research design differentiates between buy-and-hold investment strategies and dynamic investment strategies. To assess the information content of mutual fund ratings for buy-and-hold investment strategies, the rating migration ba

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22

Li, Weiping. "Credit coordinate ratings with corresponding credit rating agencies and regulations." Journal of Financial Engineering 01, no. 01 (March 2014): 1450002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345768614500020.

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This paper develops a coordinate rating for Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) in the rating market. We first show that there is a necessary condition for the restructured sub-portfolios to have no-arbitrage principle for coordinate ratings. The coordinate rating is not only a natural extension of a single rating, but also reduces the rating bias and increases the rating accuracy. We solve the voluntary-disclosure decision problem for the issuer in terms of coordinate ratings. Furthermore, we show that the complexities of sub-portfolios do reduce the incentive to shop for the coordinate rating by c

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Zhang, Qi, Longbing Cao, Chongyang Shi, and Liang Hu. "Tripartite Collaborative Filtering with Observability and Selection for Debiasing Rating Estimation on Missing-Not-at-Random Data." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 4671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i5.16597.

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Most collaborative filtering (CF) models estimate missing ratings with an implicit assumption that the ratings are missing-at-random, which may cause the biased rating estimation and degraded performance since recent deep exploration shows that ratings may likely be missing-not-at-random (MNAR). To debias MNAR rating estimation, we introduce item observability and user selection to depict the generation of MNAR ratings and propose a tripartite CF (TCF) framework to jointly model the triple aspects of rating generation: item observability, user selection, and ratings, and to estimate the MNAR r

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Schaffer, Elisabeth M., Ethan M. Basch, Gisela M. Schwab, and Antonia V. Bennett. "Comparison of weekly and daily recall of pain as an endpoint in a randomized phase 3 trial of cabozantinib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer." Clinical Trials 18, no. 4 (April 22, 2021): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17407745211009547.

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Introduction Scant evidence reveals whether the use of weekly versus daily pain ratings leads to meaningful differences when measuring pain as a clinical trial outcome. We compared the ability of weekly ratings and descriptors of daily ratings to evaluate pain as an endpoint in a randomized phase 3 drug trial. Methods Participants ( n = 119) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer were randomized to treatment arms and rated their pain on the average and at its worst during a baseline week and at weeks 3, 6, and 12 of study treatment. For each reporting period, participants rated t

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Afonso, António, and André Albuquerque. "Sovereign Credit Rating Mismatches." Notas Económicas, no. 46 (July 1, 2018): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-203x_46_3.

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We study the factors behind ratings mismatches in sovereign credit ratings from different agencies, for the period 1980‑‑2015. Using random effects ordered and simple probit approaches, we find that structural balances and the existence of a default in the last ten years were the least significant variables. In addition, the level of net debt, budget balances, GDP per capita and the existence of a default in the last five years were found to be the most relevant variables for rating mismatches across agencies. For speculative‑‑grade ratings, a default in the last two or five years decreases th

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Sandjaja, Stefanus Soejanto, Yuda Syahputra, and Lira Erwinda. "Validasi skala penilaian instrumen perencanaan karier menggunakan Andrich Threshold." Persona:Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia 9, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/persona.v9i1.3310.

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AbstractSuccess in a career is synonymous with the welfare of an individual's life, which needs further handling from the counselor. In determining and preparing for a future career, counselors should use a valid and reliable inventory. However, inventory that is considered valid and reliable by the counselor still raises problems in administration, namely students are confused in setting the response point in the inventory. The purpose of this study is to find a clear and unambiguous rating scale to make it easier for students to set a response point in their inventory. The research sample us

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deHaan, Ed. "The Financial Crisis and Corporate Credit Ratings." Accounting Review 92, no. 4 (January 1, 2017): 161–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-51659.

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ABSTRACT Credit ratings on many financial instruments failed to accurately portray default risk before the global financial crisis. I find no decline in the performance of corporate credit ratings during or after the crisis, indicating that the failures of ratings on financial instruments were due to conditions unique to the rating agencies' financial instruments divisions. Rather, the preponderance of tests indicate that corporate credit rating performance improves after the crisis, consistent with the rating agencies positively responding to public criticism and regulatory pressures. At the

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Kiesel, Florian, and Jonathan Spohnholtz. "CDS spreads as an independent measure of credit risk." Journal of Risk Finance 18, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 122–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-09-2016-0119.

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Purpose The creditworthiness of corporates is most visible in credit ratings. This paper aims to present an alternative credit rating measure independently of credit rating agencies. The credit rating score (CRS) is based on the credit default swap (CDS) market trading. Design/methodology/approach A CRS is developed which is a linear function of logarithmized CDS spreads. This new CRS is the first one that is completely independent of the rating agency. The estimated ratings are compared with ratings provided by Fitch Ratings for 310 European and US non-financial corporates. Findings The empir

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Mansoury, Masoud, Robin Burke, and Bamshad Mobasher. "Flatter Is Better." ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 12, no. 2 (March 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3437910.

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It is well known that explicit user ratings in recommender systems are biased toward high ratings and that users differ significantly in their usage of the rating scale. Implementers usually compensate for these issues through rating normalization or the inclusion of a user bias term in factorization models. However, these methods adjust only for the central tendency of users’ distributions. In this work, we demonstrate that a lack of flatness in rating distributions is negatively correlated with recommendation performance. We propose a rating transformation model that compensates for skew in

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Yao, Zhiyong, Dingwei Gu, and Yongmin Chen. "Rating deflation versus inflation: On procyclical credit ratings." Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 41 (February 2017): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2016.12.003.

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Bannier, Christina E., Patrick Behr, and Andre Güttler. "Rating opaque borrowers: why are unsolicited ratings lower?*." Review of Finance 14, no. 2 (November 14, 2009): 263–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfp025.

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Budsaratragoon, Pornanong, and Boonlert Jitmaneeroj. "Fund Ratings of Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) Funds: A Precautionary Note." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 7548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147548.

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We examine fund ratings of socially responsible investing (SRI) equity funds in emerging and developed markets by validating the assumptions of the equally weighted U.S. News mutual fund scorecard and the causal interrelations among its rating agencies—Morningstar, Lipper, Zacks, CFRA and TheStreet—for improvement priorities. In so doing, we apply a novel interdisciplinary methodology including cluster analysis, classification analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling and importance performance analysis. We find evidence against the U.S. News assumptions, as individual ratin

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Pasricha, Puneet, Dharmaraja Selvamuthu, and Viswanathan Arunachalam. "Markov regenerative credit rating model." Journal of Risk Finance 18, no. 3 (May 15, 2017): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-09-2016-0123.

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Purpose Credit ratings serve as an important input in several applications in risk management of the financial firms. The level of credit rating changes from time to time because of random credit risk and, thus, can be modeled by an appropriate stochastic process. Markov chain models have been widely used in the literature to generate credit migration matrices; however, emergent empirical evidences suggest that the Markov property is not appropriate for credit rating dynamics. The purpose of this article is to address the non-Markov behavior of the rating dynamics. Design/methodology/approach

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Jeong, Soohwan, Jeongseon Kim, Byung Suk Lee, and Sungsu Lim. "User tendency-based rating scaling in online trading networks." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 16, 2024): e0297903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297903.

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Social networks often involve the users rating each other based on their beliefs, abilities, and other characteristics. This is particularly common in e-commerce platforms where buyers rate sellers based on their trustworthiness. However, the rating tends to vary between users due to differences in their individual scoring criteria. For example, in a transaction network, a positive user may give a high rating unless the transaction was unsatisfactory while a neutral user may give a mid-rating, consequently giving the same numeric score to different levels of satisfaction. In this paper, we pro

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Labu, Yuliana Apriliani, Paulina Yuritha Amtiran, and Reyner F. Makatita. "PENGARUH MANAJEMEN LABA DAN RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP PERINGKAT OBLIGASI PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." Journal of Management : Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/jom.v17i1.13856.

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This study examines the effect of earnings management and financial ratios on bond ratings. The variables used are 1) The effect of earnings management on bond ratings, 2) The effect of liquidity ratio on bond rating, 3) The effect of activity ratio on bond rating, 4) The effect of solvency ratio on bond rating, 5) The effect of profitability ratio on bond rating. The samples used in the study based on criteria are food and beverage companies that have consecutive bond ratings from 2015 to 2020. From the results of purposive sampling logistic regression, which includes descriptive statistical

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Born, Patricia, Stephanie Müller, and Sharon Tennyson. "Credible or Biased?: An Analysis of Insurance Product Ratings in Germany." International Review of Financial Consumers 5, No. 1 Apr 2020 (July 1, 2020): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36544/irfc.2020.5-1.3.

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Instruments such as product ratings can help to overcome information asymmetries in retail financial markets. However, the capacity of ratings to promote market transparency and consumer awareness depends critically on whether they are credible. This article provides an empirical investigation of insurance product ratings in Germany, with an emphasis on the potential sources of bias that could undermine rating credibility. The analysis employs a panel dataset containing ratings for disability insurance products from two rating agencies over a 15-year period. Using the existing literature as a

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Silveira, Rafaela Augusta Cunha, Renata Turola Takamatsu, and Bruna Camargos Avelino. "Impacto dos Ratings de crédito nas ações de empresas de capital aberto no Brasil." RACE - Revista de Administração, Contabilidade e Economia 16, no. 2 (August 30, 2017): 573–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.18593/race.v16i2.10556.

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Resumo O rating de crédito expressa uma opinião, por intermédio de escalas, sobre a qualidade do crédito de empresas, utilizado-a como medida de avaliação de risco no mercado. Agências de classificação de risco de crédito, como a Moody’s, divulgam os ratings que atribuem às empresas. Primeiramente, essas agências emitem o new rating, que representa o primeiro rating da companhia, e, posteriormente, essa emissão pode apresentar variações, denominadas upgrades e downgrades, relativas a boas e más notícias, respectivamente. Além disso, os ratings podem ser colocados em uma Watchlist quando, em br

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Arundina, Tika, and Dato’ Mohd Azmi Omar. "DETERMINANT OF SUKUK RATINGS." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 12, no. 1 (April 16, 2010): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v12i1.468.

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With the development of sukuk market as the Islamic alternatives of the existing bond market, the issue of how to assign a rating to the sukuk issuance rises. This study tries to provide an empirical foundation for the investors to estimate the ratings assign. Using approach from several rating agencies, past researches on bond ratings, financial distress prediction and bankruptcy prediction models, this study is trying to innovate a new model on determining the sukuk ratings. It used Multinomial Logit regression to create a model of rating probability from several theoretical variables, ie. f

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Birtchnell, John. "Negative Modes of Relating, Marital Quality and Depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 5 (May 1991): 648–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.5.648.

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Young married couples, with or without a depressed wife, were divided into three groups according to marital quality. Negative modes of relating were assessed by self-rating and partner-rating questionnaires. The intercorrelation of scores for different modes of relating was higher on partner-rating than on self-rating scales. There was a significant gradient of mean negative-relating scores across the three levels of marital quality. The partner-ratings of depressives and their husbands were higher on all negative-relating scales than those of non-depressed women and their husbands. The self-

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Gupta, Rahul. "Financial Factors Determining CAREs Ratings." GIS Business 12, no. 6 (December 16, 2017): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v12i6.3310.

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Rating agencies evaluate a number of qualitative and quantitative factors while assigning rating to a particular company. Standard mathematical formulas do not exist for determining credit ratings. Instead, credit rating agencies use their experience and judgement in assigning ratings. What factors rating agencies consider significant in providing ratings to the companies is an important question. The present study aims to contribute to the above mentioned area by identifying the financial determinants of credit ratings assigned to Indian companies by CARE, one of the top rating agencies of In

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HERZOG, SEBASTIAN, CHRISTIAN KOZIOL, and TIM THABE. "OPTIMAL CREDIT RATINGS." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 11, no. 02 (March 2008): 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024908004786.

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In this paper, we show that an individual optimal credit rating exists for firms and empirically test whether firms strive to achieve their optimal rating. For this purpose, we consider the structural model by Leland [12], which balances the benefits of debt in the form of the tax-deductibility of interest payments against bankruptcy costs in order to obtain the optimal rating. Testable implications for both firms which have implemented their optimal rating and firms with non-optimal ratings are deduced. An empirical test with 420 firms contained in the S&P 500 Index indicates that all fac

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Strausbaugh, Carl A., Anne M. Gillen, Stacey Camp, Clinton C. Shock, Eric P. Eldredge, and John J. Gallian. "Relationship of Beet Curly Top Foliar Ratings to Sugar Beet Yield." Plant Disease 91, no. 11 (November 2007): 1459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-11-1459.

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Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) varieties were evaluated for disease resistance to curly top to establish if disease ratings made in inoculated nurseries correlated with disease ratings and yield in sugar beet crops exposed to natural disease outbreaks. Cultivars were planted both in inoculated curly top nurseries in Kimberly, ID, and in commercial cultivar trials in irrigated fields near Ontario, OR and Nampa, ID. Plants were evaluated for curly top using a rating scale of 0 (no symptoms) to 9 (dead). Moderate disease pressure in the Ontario (mean rating = 3.8) and Nampa (mean rating = 4.1) fields

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Gholipour, Elnaz, Béla Vizvári, and Zoltán Lakner. "Reconstruction Rating Model of Sovereign Debt by Logical Analysis of Data." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (August 2, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2882930.

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Sovereign debt ratings provided by rating agencies measure the solvency of a country, as gauged by a lender or an investor. It is an indication of the risk involved in investment and should be determined correctly and in a well-timed manner. The current system is lacking transparency of rating criteria and mechanism. The present study reconstructs sovereign debt ratings through logical analysis of data (LAD), which is based on the theory of Boolean functions. It organizes groups of countries according to 20 World Bank-defined variables for the period 2012–2015. The Fitch Rating Agency, one of

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Wang, Shihao, Yimin Yin, Jingran Wang, and Mengxia Wang. "Thermal rating probability prediction considering the temporal correlation among the thermal ratings." ITM Web of Conferences 47 (2022): 03020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224703020.

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The thermal rating of the overhead transmission line is an important parameter for the operation and control of the power system. In order to further integrate it into the system dispatch decisions, it is necessary to conduct the prediction for the thermal ratings in the lookahead time horizon of dispatch decisions. At present, the researches on the thermal rating prediction focus on the independent prediction for the thermal rating in each prediction period, without considering the temporal correlation among the thermal ratings. In this paper, a joint probability prediction method for multipe

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Parnes, Dror, and Sagi Akron. "Rating the credit rating agencies." Applied Economics 48, no. 50 (April 21, 2016): 4799–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1164826.

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Guo, Yiheng, Aza Azlina Md Kassim, and Kai Zhang. "Comparative Analysis of ESG Information Disclosures." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 8, no. 2 (April 6, 2023): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v8i2.7130.

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ESG is a framework for the disclosure of non-financial information about companies, an investment philosophy and corporate evaluation criteria that focuses on non-financial performance. ESG ratings are a key part of ESG development, and the current number of global ESG rating agencies, with very different backgrounds and divergent ratings, makes it difficult to generate consensus on the ratings of the same subject. Therefore, on the basis of sorting out the situation of 11 famous ESG rating agencies and comparing and analyzing the ESG evaluation system of each rating agency, the study found th

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Miller, Caitlyn A., Nancy D. Albers-Miller, and Tami L. Knotts. "Applying television ratings to advertising: Are parents informed?" Young Consumers 19, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-11-2017-00751.

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Purpose Both television and movie rating systems are used to inform parents, caregivers and prospective viewers about the content which will appear in a program. While rating systems are fallible, they do provide information prior to viewing. Unfortunately, television advertisements are not rated. Can a parent or caregiver feel confident that a child restricted to a particular level of viewing content will avoid being exposed to advertising content which exceeds the program rating? The purpose of this paper is to explore the content of advertisements relative to an established rating system. D

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Yurkov, A. V., and Zh R. Babaeva. "ESG-Ratings: Nonparametric Methods of Construction." Administrative Consulting, no. 2 (April 26, 2024): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2024-2-92-107.

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Many of the largest Russian companies are evaluated by international financial institutions or rating agencies in terms of their influence on ESG factors that take into account environmental issues, interaction with society and corporate governance. Such ratings can have various names, most often referred to as ESG ratings. The inherent subjectivity of the assessments, along with the lack of generally recognized standards and transparency of the methodology, cause concern both from the assessed companies and from investors and regulators. ESG ratings of Russian rating agencies are at an early

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Shamusarov, Sarvar. "WAYS TO IMPROVE UZBEKISTAN'S POSITION IN THE GLOBAL SOVEREIGN CREDIT RATING." Economics and education 24, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55439/eced/vol24_iss1/a22.

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In this article, the scientific-theoretical aspects of sovereign rating and loans and the financial-economic indicators affecting them are studied. Also, international rating agencies analyzed the practice of assessing Uzbekistan's sovereign credit rating and its position in international indexes and ratings in recent years, systematized negative factors affecting its position in ratings, and developed forecasts until 2024. As a result of the analysis, scientific proposals aimed at improving the position of our country in the Global sovereign credit rating were prepared

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Shimizu, Yoshiki, Junghee Lee, and Hideki Takei. "Analysis of Determinants of Split Ratings and Rating Conservativeness between Japanese and US Credit Rating Agencies." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 3, no. 1 (April 23, 2013): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v3i1.3507.

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In the previous paper, we confirmed the existence of the split ratings between Japanese and US credit rating agencies (CRAs). Our study did not support early studies suggesting that the split ratings were merely random occurrences. Rather, our findings suggested that the split ratings occurring between Japanese and US CRAs were not random and frequently occurring. The Japanese CRA assigned less conservative ratings than the US CRAs. In this paper, we performed the multivariate regression analysis to find variables which would differentiate the degree of rating conservativeness. Our samples wer

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