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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Rational Reasoning”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 6 lutego 2022

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1

Rajaratnam, David Computer Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Logical approximation and compilation for resource-bounded reasoning." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Computer Science & Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41296.

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Providing a logical characterisation of rational agent reasoning has been a long standing challenge in artificial intelligence (AI) research. It is a challenge that is not only of interest for the construction of AI agents, but is of equal importance in the modelling of agent behaviour. The goal of this thesis is to contribute to the formalisation of agent reasoning by showing that the computational limitations of agents is a vital component of modelling rational behaviour. To achieve this aim, both motivational and formal aspects of resource-bounded agents are examined. It is a central argum

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Schmidt, Martina, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Putting rational constraints on divergent thought : the development of scientific reasoning." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 1999, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/103.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how students in Grade Five and Six generate explanation for scientific phenomena and how they evaluate the quality of these explanations. In part, this was done by analyzing the in-class explanations that the students gave in response to questions stemming from two topics in the 1996 Alberta program of studies for Grade Five Science. In addition, the students shared their own perceptions of the sources of their questions and ideas and the methods by which they evaluated them. Analysis of in-class discussions and activities occurred on an ongoing bas

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Schmidt, Martina. "Putting rational constraints on divergent thought, the development of scientific reasoning." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0017/MQ49145.pdf.

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Lamm, Millard, and David K. Pugalee. "Elementary Students’ Construction of Proportional Reasoning Problems: Using Writing to Generalize Conceptual Understanding in Mathematics." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-80517.

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This study engaged fourth and fifth graders in solving a set of proportional tasks with focused discussion and concept development by the teacher. In order to understand the students’ ability to generalize the concept, they were asked to write problems that reflected the underlying concepts in the tasks and lessons. A qualitative analysis of the student generated problems show that the majority of the students were able to generalize the concepts. The analysis allowed for a discussion of problems solving approaches and a rich description of how students applied multiplicative reasoning in com

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Jelihovschi, Ana Paula Gomes. "Look before you leap: the effects of cognitive impulsiveness and reasoning process on rational decision making." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18251.

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Submitted by Ana Paula Jelihovschi (anapgj@gmail.com) on 2017-04-06T23:50:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Ana Paula Jelihovschi.pdf: 735331 bytes, checksum: d5037818c52a08c937e7a7b8c3199e0c (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-05-08T14:08:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Ana Paula Jelihovschi.pdf: 735331 bytes, checksum: d5037818c52a08c937e7a7b8c3199e0c (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T12:32:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Ana Paula Jelihovschi.pdf: 735331 bytes, checks

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Nobel, Johan. "Decision-making in the inductive mode : The role of human behavior." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-134385.

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Economists have convulsively maintained the assumption that humans are able to arrive at decisions by perfect deductive rationality, despite the fact empirical evidences are showing otherwise. The contradicting evidences have resulted in a personal view that instead of finding a unified theory about decision-making, a sound approach would be to study how humans in fact are reasoning in specific contexts. The context of interest for this paper is where it could be assumed humans’ persistence of acting rational is determined by the perceived burden of the problem. In this work, the inductive way

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Armstrong, Barbara Ellen. "The use of rational number reasoning in area comparison tasks by elementary and junior high school students." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184910.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether fourth-, sixth-, and eighth-grade students used rational number reasoning to solve comparison of area tasks, and whether the tendency to use such reasoning increased with grade level. The areas to be compared were not similar and therefore, could not directly be compared in a straightforward manner. The most viable solution involved comparing the part-whole relationships inherent in the tasks. Rational numbers in the form of fractional terms could be used to express the part-whole relationships. The use of fractional terms provided a means for

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Johansson, Linnea. "The United States involvement in Yemen : A case study with rational and humanitarian reasoning of the involvement, influence and its objective." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100622.

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The purpose of this study is to examine why the US is involved in Yemen’s civil war and what factors are contributing to its involvement, particularly if the US involvement in Yemen is based on self-interest or humanitarian motives. As a qualitive desk study, this research uses rational choice theory and the humanitarian intervention framework as its analytical framework.The research results highlight that the US objectives are first and foremost following an “America first” approach, with specific economic and political benefits, such as maintaining a good bilateral relationship with Saudi Ar

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Johnson, Gwendolyn Joy. "Proportionality in Middle-School Mathematics Textbooks." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1670.

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Some scholars have criticized the treatment of proportionality in middle-school textbooks, but these criticisms seem to be based on informal knowledge of the content of textbooks rather than on a detailed curriculum analysis. Thus, a curriculum analysis related to proportionality was needed. To investigate the treatment of proportionality in current middle-school textbooks, nine such books were analyzed. Sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade textbooks from three series were used: ConnectedMathematics2 (CMP), Glencoe's Math Connects, and the University of Chicago School Mathematics Project (UCSMP)

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10

Pensel, Maximilian [Verfasser], Anni-Yasmin [Akademischer Betreuer] Turhan, and Piero Andrea [Gutachter] Bonatti. "A Lightweight Defeasible Description Logic in Depth : Quantification in Rational Reasoning and Beyond / Maximilian Pensel ; Gutachter: Piero Andrea Bonatti ; Betreuer: Anni-Yasmin Turhan." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. http://d-nb.info/122720213X/34.

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Smith, Scott. "An Exploratory Study of Fifth-Grade Students’ Reasoning About the Relationship Between Fractions and Decimals When Using Number Line-Based Virtual Manipulatives." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5625.

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Understanding the relationship between fractions and decimals is an important step in developing an overall understanding of rational numbers. Research has demonstrated the feasibility of technology in the form of virtual manipulatives for facilitating students’ meaningful understanding of rational number concepts. This exploratory dissertation study was conducted for the two closely related purposes: first, to investigate a sample of fifth-grade students’ reasoning regarding the relationship between fractions and decimals for fractions with terminating decimal representations while using virt

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Addison, Rachel Helen. "The problem of moral ambivalence : revisiting Henry Sidgwick's theory of 'Rational Benevolence' as a basis for moral reasoning, with reference to prenatal ethical dilemmas." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27454.

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This thesis addresses the conflict traditionally found within moral philosophy between deontological and utilitarian schools of thought. Using the example of the serious moral ambivalence experienced by individuals who are deciding whether to end or continue a difficult pregnancy, it is argued that this ambivalence is the result of both absolute principles (such as the intrinsic value of human life) and outcome based considerations (such as the desire to avoid causing pain and suffering) appearing to be morally reasonable, while also being fundamentally opposed: Each course of action is at onc

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Tang, Antony Shui Sum, and n/a. "A rationale-based model for architecture design reasoning." Swinburne University of Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070319.100952.

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Large systems often have a long life-span and their system and software architecture design comprise many intricately related elements. The verification and maintenance of these architecture designs require an understanding of how and why the system are constructed. Design rationale is the reasoning behind a design and it provides an explanation of the design. However, the reasoning is often undocumented or unstructured in practice. This causes difficulties in the understanding of the original design, and makes it hard to detect inconsistencies, omissions and conflicts without any explanations

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Tang, Antony Shui Sum. "A rationale-based model for architecture design reasoning." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2007. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070319.100952/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D) - Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Information & Communication Technologies, 2007.<br>A thesis submitted in total fulfillment of the requirements of for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of ICT, Swinburne University of Technology, 2007. Typescript. Bibliography p. 214-226.

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15

Case, Roland. "Understanding judicial reasoning : a conception and rationale for law-related education." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30606.

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The topic of judicial reasoning has been largely excluded from high school law and social studies curricula despite widespread ignorance and misunderstanding among Canadians of the reasoning judges are expected to employ in applying the law. The two biggest obstacles to its inclusion are: (1) insufficient appreciation among educators of the importance of public understanding of judicial reasoning, and (2) a lack of consensus about the nature of judicial reasoning. Accordingly, the major thrusts of this dissertation are to justify why judicial reasoning ought to be part of basic civic education

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16

Abu-Hakima, Suhayya Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "Rationale: a tool for developing knowledge-based systems that explain by reasoning explicitly." Ottawa, 1988.

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Gavião, Filho Anizio Pires. "Colisão de direitos fundamentais, argumentação e ponderação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/88482.

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O objetivo central desta investigação é demonstrar que a ponderação é racional. A proposição normativa particular concreta resultante de um caso de colisão de direitos fundamentais resolvido pela ponderação pode ser justificada racionalmente. O que se pretende sustentar é que o problema não está na ponderação, mas como ela é realizada para solucionar os casos de colisão de direitos fundamentais. A ponderação somente pode pretender racionalidade quando sustentada por razões dadas conforme regras. A proposição decisiva desta investigação é a de que a ponderação, como atividade argumentativa, dev

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18

Hašková, Simona. "Managerial calculations from the viewpoint of logic, analysis microeconomics and other theoretical disciplines." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-200217.

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It is no secret that 'managerial' solutions are not, on average, nearly as reliable as 'technical' solutions. The focus of this work is to clarify the reasons why this is so, and to seek ways to increase the reliability of managerial solutions. The causes of this situation are both subjective (human factor failure), which can be influenced, and objective (complexity of the problem, the specifics of human behaviour, etc.) that can be only minimally influenced. Significant subjective causes at work were identified as: a. cognitive distortions at the mental level of thinking of the problem solver

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19

Ionica, Aurel. "Reasoning, argumentation, and persuasion with special application to Hebrew wisdom literature and Hebrew wisdom scholarship." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20142.

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Le travail décrit d’abord le processus par lequel Aristote a mis les bases d’une logique qui est devenu la norme pour un raisonnement correct, ainsi que les raccourcis qu’il a pris pour faire de la logique une pratique inutile pour l’étude des arguments tels qu’ils apparaissent dans les arguments informels. Par la suite l’étude établit de nouveaux concepts sur lesquels le raisonnement et l’argumentation réelle sont fondées et introduit ce qui est étiqueté comme « carrés rationnel », une structure sur laquelle toute forme de discours peut être analysée. Afin de prouver la validité de la nouvell

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20

Smith, Daniel R. "Implicit personality and leadership in stressful and dangerous situations: a first step." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43693.

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Leadership in stressful and dangerous situations is vitally important in terms of lives, property, and national strategic objectives. But our understanding of effective leadership in these and other contexts is limited. Part of the problem is that interactionist theoretical perspectives are not reflected in contemporary leadership thinking. In addition, the impact of individual differences on leadership is often misrepresented or hidden by linear correlations and regressions conducted on continuous scores. This study employed new, innovative, indirect conditional reasoning measures to assess t

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21

Brinker, Laura. "Representations and students' rational number reasoning." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36178172.html.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1996.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-114).

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Duc, Ho Ngoc. "Reasoning about Rational, but not Logically Omniscient Agents." 1996. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16523.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das sogenannte logische Allwissenheitsproblem' (Logical Omniscience Problem) der epistemischen Logik und schlägt einen neuen Ansatz zur Lösung des Problems vor. Die epistemische Logik, die ursprünglich als eine Teildisziplin der philosophischen Logik entwickelt wurde, findet heute Anwendung in so unterschiedlichen Gebieten wie Philosophie, Sprachwissenschaft, Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Informatik. In der Informatik und der Künstlichen Intelligenz ist die epistemische Logik einer der Hauptformalismen zur Wissensrepräsentation und zur Spezifikation von Multiage

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Duc, Ho Ngoc. "Reasoning about Rational, but not Logically Omniscient Agents." 1997. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32499.

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We propose in the paper a new solution to the so-called Logical Omniscience Problem of epistemic logic. Almost all attempts in the literature to solve this problem consist in weakening the standard epistemic systems: weaker systems are considered where the agents do not possess the full reasoning capacities of ideal reasoners. We shall argue that this solution is not satisfactory: in this way omniscience can be avoided, but many intuitions about the concepts of knowledge and belief get lost. We shall show that axioms for epistemic logics must have the following form: if the agent knows all pre

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Pensel, Maximilian. "A Lightweight Defeasible Description Logic in Depth: Quantification in Rational Reasoning and Beyond." 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36341.

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Description Logics (DLs) are increasingly successful knowledge representation formalisms, useful for any application requiring implicit derivation of knowledge from explicitly known facts. A prominent example domain benefiting from these formalisms since the 1990s is the biomedical field. This area contributes an intangible amount of facts and relations between low- and high-level concepts such as the constitution of cells or interactions between studied illnesses, their symptoms and remedies. DLs are well-suited for handling large formal knowledge repositories and computing inferable coherenc

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"The Use of Proportional Reasoning and Rational Number Concepts by Adults in the Workplace." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.29806.

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abstract: Industry, academia, and government have spent tremendous amounts of money over several decades trying to improve the mathematical abilities of students. They have hoped that improvements in students' abilities will have an impact on adults' mathematical abilities in an increasingly technology-based workplace. This study was conducted to begin checking for these impacts. It examined how nine adults in their workplace solved problems that purportedly entailed proportional reasoning and supporting rational number concepts (cognates). The research focused on four questions: a) in wh

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"The Influence of Motivation on Evidence Assimilation in a Controlled Judgement Task." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53931.

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abstract: Prior research suggests that people ignore evidence that is inconsistent with what they want to believe. However, this research on motivated reasoning has focused on how people reason about familiar topics and in situations where the evidence presented interacts with strongly-held prior beliefs (e.g., the effectiveness of the death penalty as a crime deterrent). This makes it difficult to objectively assess how biased people are in motivated-reasoning contexts. Indeed, recent work by Jern and colleagues (2014) suggests that apparent instances of motivated reasoning may actually be in

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Oliveira, Carina Helena José. "Raciocinando matematicamente com números racionais." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/10578.

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O presente documento incide sobre um projeto de investigação desenvolvido no âmbito da unidade curricular Estágio no 2.º Ciclo, do curso de Mestrado em Ensino do 1.º e do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. O estudo que desenvolvi tem como principal objetivo analisar e compreender o raciocínio matemático de alunos do 5.º ano de escolaridade na resolução de problemas envolvendo números racionais não negativos. Neste sentido, formularam-se as seguintes questões: (i) Como se caracteriza o raciocínio matemático usado pelos alunos na resolução de problemas envolvendo números racionais não negativos? (ii) A

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