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Sakhaltueva, Yu S., V. S. Tynchenko, V. V. Tynchenko i V. V. Bukhtoyarov. "THE METHOD OF SEARCHING FOR DUPLICATE ADS ON THE REAL ESTATE PORTAL". Scientific and Technical Volga region Bulletin 8, nr 5 (maj 2018): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24153/2079-5920-2018-8-5-250-252.
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Bukhtoyarov, A. O., i V. V. Boyko. "APPLICATION OF METHODS OF SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN ASSESSING THE REAL ESTATE MARKET". ECOLOGY ECONOMY INFORMATICS. GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND SPACE MONITORING 2, nr 6 (2021): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-123x-2021-2-6-12-15.
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The article deals with the application of spatial analysis methods in assessing the real estate market. Real estate is viewed not only as a type of property but also as a tangible asset. Each participant in the real estate market solves one of two tasks: improving housing conditions or a profitable investment of capital. The selection of the most suitable real estate option that meets the criteria chosen by the purchaser is the most urgent task: theoretical and mathematical, statistical, cluster analysis. The city of Rostov-on-Don was chosen as the main object of the study. This choice was due to the high population density, the presence of a developed infrastructure: socially significant facilities (schools, kindergartens, hospitals, post offices, MFC offices), sports and entertainment centres, as well as a developed transport network. The main criterion for determining the most suitable service for obtaining the initial data for the study was the largest number of ads. The analysis of platforms containing information about real estate allowed us to choose the Avito service, which has the most complete database, as a data source. To collect data, a parser program was used that performs parsing. The information obtained was processed on a computer using spatial analysis software. The cartographic basis of the project is a map of the OpenStreetMap service.
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Marconi, Gabriele. "Content removal bias in web scraped data: A solution applied to real estate ads". Open Economics 5, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openec-2022-0119.
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Abstract I propose a solution to content removal bias in statistics from web scraped data. Content removal bias occurs when data is removed from the web before a scraper is able to collect it. The solution I propose is based on inverse probability weights, derived from the parameters of a survival function with complex forms of data censoring. I apply this solution to the calculation of the proportion of newly built dwellings with web scraped data on Luxembourg, and I run a counterfactual experiment and a Montecarlo simulation to confirm the findings. The results show that the extent of content removal bias is relatively small if the scraping occurs frequently compared with the online permanence of the data; and that it grows larger with less frequent scraping.
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Williams, Wendy S. "For Sale!" Newspaper Research Journal 13, nr 1-2 (styczeń 1992): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953299201300114.
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Real estate news editors at some of the country's largest newspapers say little aggressive, serious reporting appears in their sections because of fears about offending powerful advertisers. Controversial stories dealing with land or housing run in other sections of the paper, they say, away from the ads that sell houses and mortgages.
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Barlybayev, Alibek, Arman Sankibayev, Rozamgul Niyazova i Gulnara Akimbekova. "Machine learning for real estate valuation: Astana, Kazakhstan case". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 35, nr 2 (1.08.2024): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i2.pp1110-1121.
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Purpose of this research is to investigate the accuracy of machine learning models in forecasting and evaluating house prices, and to understand the key factors that impact pricing. The study involved analyzing data scraped from real estate ads in the “sale of secondary housing” category on the website krisha.kz. The paper emphasizes the importance of understanding the factors that affect house prices, such as quality, location, size, and building materials. It was concluded that these factors have a strong correlation with house price prediction. The information available on krisha.kz was found to be a useful resource for finding good apartments. The data collected by the scraper was analyzed by models: Linear regression (LR), interactions linear regression (ILR), robust linear regression (RLR), fine tree regression (FTR), medium tree regression (MTR), coarse tree regression (CTR), linear support vector machine (LSVM), quadratic SVM (QSVM), medium gaussian SVM (MGSVM), rational quadratic gaussian process regression (RQGPR), boosted trees (BoosT), bagged trees (BagT), neural network based on the bayesian regularization algorithm (BR-BPNN). BR-BPNN showed better results than other models, with an MSE of 32.14 and R of 0.9899.
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Cui, Jianguo, Yezhong Tang i Peter M. Narins. "Real estate ads in Emei music frog vocalizations: female preference for calls emanating from burrows". Biology Letters 8, nr 3 (7.12.2011): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.1091.
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During female mate choice, both the male's phenotype and resources (e.g. his nest) contribute to the chooser's fitness. Animals other than humans are not known to advertise resource characteristics to potential mates through vocal communication; although in some species of anurans and birds, females do evaluate male qualities through vocal communication. Here, we demonstrate that calls of the male Emei music frog ( Babina dauchina ), vocalizing from male-built nests, reflect nest structure information that can be recognized by females. Inside-nest calls consisted of notes with energy concentrated at lower frequency ranges and longer note durations when compared with outside-nest calls. Centre frequencies and note durations of the inside calls positively correlate with the area of the burrow entrance and the depth of the burrow, respectively. When given a choice between outside and inside calls played back alternately, more than 70 per cent of the females (33/47) chose inside calls. These results demonstrate that males of this species faithfully advertise whether or not they possess a nest to potential mates by vocal communication, which probably facilitates optimal mate selection by females. These results revealed a novel function of advertisement calls, which is consistent with the wide variation in both call complexity and social behaviour within amphibians.
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Stasinopoulos, D., i C. Kastanioti. "The Economics of Shadow Economy in Real Estate: The Case of Greece". International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 13, nr 02 (7.02.2025): 8353–78. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v13i02.em04.
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The paper attempts to measure and report the extent and magnitude of Shadow Economy in Real Estate in Greece. The present research analyzed the sale prices of residential real estate for the years 2018 and 2022. In the first phase, the sale price per square meter was determined for the houses for sale, in particular apartments and detached houses, through websites of real estate ads for sale. In the second phase, the average sale price per square meter was determined for the same years, through the analysis of sales contracts as they are recorded in detail in the application of the Greek Ministry of Finance, the "Register of Real Estate Transfer Values". The comparison that followed showed that the percentage difference between these two figures is related to the shadow economy. From 2018 to 2022, the shadow economy in real estate shows a clear trend of decline, although it is still high. From 49.38% estimated to hide the real sale value in 2018, it decreased to 39.48% in 2022, not counting any discounts made. In 2018 the amount of the declaration of actual sales values was estimated at € 614.6 million and in 2022 at € 728.7 million. At the same time, a quantitative survey was conducted on a random sample of 715 people in order to estimate the percentage of achieving a discount between the buyer and seller with a period of the last five years. The conclusion is that the discount rate in the majority ranges up to 5% especially in recent years, while rates up to 10% are noted on old properties. The above amount of deduction must be taken into account for the final determination of the estimated shadow economy in the real estate market. Also identified were those properties that were sold with a significant difference from their objective value, i.e. over € 100,000.00 and over € 200,000.00, an important indication for "laundering" non-taxable and / or dirty money. In 2018, money laundering was estimated at €192.5 million to €231 million and in 2022 at €227 million to €303 million.
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Hromada, Eduard, i Tomáš Krulický. "Investing in Real Estate in the Czech Republic and Analyzing the Dependence of Profitability and Technical and Socio-Economic Factors". Sustainability 13, nr 18 (14.09.2021): 10273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810273.
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This article deals with the study of the dependence between selected technical and socioeconomic factors in the real estate market that affects the return on investment. These factors include the average annual rental yield, sale/rental price for an apartment, the number of ads related to the sale/rental of apartments per 1000 inhabitants, the number of new apartment ads per 1000 inhabitants, and the share of persons facing distraint. Data from the EVAL software were used for calculation. EVAL software was developed by one of the authors of this article and allows the collecting of advertisements promoting real estate for sale and rental in the Czech Republic. This article uses data for individual districts in the Czech Republic. The article uses the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The dependencies between technical and economic parameters are investigated using regression analysis. Significant dependencies were identified between the following parameters: Between selling price of an apartment and the average annual rental yield; Between the average annual rental yield and the average number of months needed to pay for the apartment; Between the average annual rental yield and the share of individuals facing distraint, and between the selling price of an apartment and the price of an apartment for rent.
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Bekoulis, Giannis, Johannes Deleu, Thomas Demeester i Chris Develder. "An attentive neural architecture for joint segmentation and parsing and its application to real estate ads". Expert Systems with Applications 102 (lipiec 2018): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2018.02.031.
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Aleksaitė, Agnė. "Kalbinis mandagumas nekilnojamojo turto skelbimuose: prašymai". Res Humanitariae 30 (29.12.2022): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rh.v30i0.2451.
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The article deals with written Lithuanian language requests found on Aruodas.lt, the main portal for real estate (RE) classifieds (other specialised or general classifieds portals, such as domoplius.lt, kampas.lt, skelbiu.lt, were omitted because they contain a relatively small number of ads; and besides, many of their RE ads overlap with the classifieds published on Aruodas.lt) and the politeness of such requests. The empirical material, consisting of 1,000 speech acts, was gathered between 6 April 2020 and 30 May 2021. The study aims to determine the types of applicable strategies according to the degree of the directness of the requests, examine internal and external modifications of request cores, and ultimately identify the main forms of addresses.
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Tomasik, Klaudia, i Bartłomiej Marona. "Analysis of Marketing Tools Used by Real Estate Development Companies Using Secret Client Research – a Case Study From Krakow". Real Estate Management and Valuation 31, nr 2 (1.06.2023): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2023-0011.
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Abstract The aim of the paper is to find out what marketing tools are used by development companies operating in Poland to attract customers and whether the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on marketing can be observed. The secondary aim of the paper is to determine whether developers building investments in the area of the restricted use area (O.O.U.) use more marketing tools to convince potential customers to buy. For this purpose, a secret client survey was used and the research sample consists of four development companies and four of their investments in Kraków. The research conducted led to the disclosure of marketing tools used by developers. The survey shows that some elements of home branding, storytelling and banner ads, social media ads, ads on websites and portals and information brochures are being used. Through the use of virtual walks, housing visualization and the use of social media in advertising, the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on marketing in the industry can be seen. The analysis shows that companies creating developments in the restricted use area are not using more tricks to attract customers. All developers selected for the study use a similar number of marketing tools.
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Zhitomirsky-Geffet, Maayan, i Yigal Maman. "“Wisdom of the crowds” and online information reliability". Online Information Review 38, nr 3 (29.04.2014): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-07-2013-0176.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the quality and reliability of websites’ content can be assessed through the lens of “wisdom of the crowds”. In particular as a case study the authors examine the information supplied over time on several prominent Israeli real estate websites. Design/methodology/approach – The Israeli real estate market was selected for the study, since there are many large, popular and dynamic real estate websites that feature hundreds of thousands of ads, representing most of the supply of real estate properties in the country. The authors built an automatic, ontology-based system that downloaded advertisements from three selected websites every two weeks for a number of months and checked for changes in these advertisements over time. The authors conjecture that wisdom of the crowds is mostly reflected by the information changes on the websites, since they indicate the anticipated market trends. Hence the authors developed a number of statistical measures to comparatively analyse trends of information changes on these websites, and assess their reliability compared to the actual market data and tendencies. Findings – The primary results suggest similar information change trends amongst all the websites. Surprisingly, although some properties did not sell over time, sellers generally did not lower their asking price and were willing to wait. Sellers even raised their asking price, apparently in anticipation of future price increases. Comparison of recurring trends among the websites with the trends of the real market during the same time period and a few months after reveals that wisdom of the crowds is only partially effective as an indicator and predictor of website content quality: it correctly reflects the fluctuation in demand, but not in the prices. Research limitations/implications – This study was conducted over a limited time period of five months, and only in several cities in Israel. Additionally, since buyers are not explicitly represented in these sites, their information behaviour was not analysed, although it undoubtedly influences information changes performed by the sellers. Practical implications – The practical contribution of this study is the ontology of the real estate world. Its assimilation by real estate websites would promote the development of their sites and user services. It would also enable ad sharing amongst the various websites and enable efficient searches by search engines. In addition the tools and measures that the authors developed will allow continued monitoring and analysis of user information change patterns. Originality/value – To the best of the knowledge this is the first study to examine and compare real estate websites’ quality and evaluate their information reliability as wisdom of the crowds.
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Syafii, Muhammad, i Nugroho Eko Budiyanto. "Penerapan Digital Marketing dengan Analisis STP (Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning)". Jurnal Informatika dan Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak 4, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36499/jinrpl.v4i1.5950.
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Tingginya persaingan dalam dunia bisnis menuntut adanya keunggulan bersaing, termasuk juga dalam pemasarannya. Maka dari itu perlu strategi komunikasi pemasaran STP (Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning) dan digital marketing. Permasalahan terlihat dari parameter pemasaran yang kurang optimal dan biaya pemasaran yang dikeluarkan sehingga perlu dilakukan strategi pemasaran. Penerapan digital marketing di skymansion horizon bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penjualan, meminimalisir biaya dan meningkatkan efektifitas pemasaran. Penerapan digital marketing di skymansion horizon dilakukan dengan metode waterfall. Langkah awal dilakukan dengan menganalisis kebutuhan sistem dan melakukan persiapan. Pengujian pada platform ini juga dilakukan dengan dua pengujian yaitu secara fungsional dan user. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini yaitu platform yang membantu menganalisa kata kunci pemasaran yang nantinya bisa diterapkan ke media digital marketing seperti google ads, website dan facebook ads. Penerapan digital marketing yang sudah dilakukan mempunyai pengaruh terdapat peningkatan penjualan real estate skymansion horizon dan meminimalisir biaya pemasaran.
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Hendawy, Mennatullah, i Jörg Stollmann. "The Entanglement of Class, Marriage and Real Estate: The Visual Culture of Egypt’s Urbanisation". Urban Planning 5, nr 2 (26.06.2020): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i2.3026.
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A majority of scholars consider Egypt’s urban development a product of the neo-liberal political economy facilitated by the country’s central government. In this article, we want to shift our attention towards the public and its demand for housing. We describe the urban everyday experiences of a population within a country in which a visual culture established via public media creates an urban imagination that does not reflect the lived social, spatial, and economic reality of the majority of the population. Exploration of the general public’s attitudes towards media narratives that focus their advertisement campaigns on high class residential projects launched this investigation. The argument that follows is based on empirical studies within the Greater Cairo Region (GCR). In this setting, a puzzling trend from our collected data guides our central research question: Why aren’t ads for luxury housing—a market segment clearly beyond the reach of most Egyptians—condemned by those who cannot afford it? To tackle this phenomenon, we shed light on how the pre—and post-marital demand for housing among young couples and their families influence the market, and particularly, the market for upscale and luxury housing in Cairo. The research consists of four phases, including (1) field interviews with Uber and Careem drivers, (2) an online survey targeting inhabitants across varying urban and social segments of the GCR, (3) the first author’s personal story, which posits that marriage culture acts as a key driver for real estate narratives, and (4) a visual analysis of a real estate advertisement. To conclude, the article discusses how far a hegemonic visual culture that caters to socio-economic links between class, marriage, and real estate engages the support of a large part of the population, which in turn, co-produces a spatially unjust urban development scheme that works against their own interests.
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Lima, Yudson Samuel Vasconcelos, Lucas Willian Braga Silva, Wellington Campos dos Santos, Paulo Ricardo Alves dos Reis Santos, Jefferson de Brito Sousa i Paulysendra Felipe Silva. "EVALUATION AND DEPRECIATION ANALISYS OF THE IMMOBILE MARKET VALUE IN THE CITY OF CODÓ-MA." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, nr 10 (1.10.2021): 312–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss10.3454.
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Due to the heterogeneity of the real estate market and its peculiarities, it is not always possible to develop a single model that is totally faithful and representative of the market reality, thus, the Evaluation Engineering is increasingly developing, with the use of increasingly advanced processes in the determination of the value of the good, such as the application of statistical inference and the use of physical depreciation. This study aims to determine the value of a property in the city of Codó-MA, using statistical inference through multiple linear regression and, later, to verify physical depreciation. The data were collected in the city of Codó,MA, in real estate, construction companies that work with the sale of houses, ads and, its statistical treatment was performed by the Sisdea software. After the statistical treatment some models were generated and the most effective one was used and the one that best met the requirements foreseen by NBR 14653-2 (2011) and, after the physical depreciation was verified by two different methods: survey of the cost of recovering the good and Ross Heidecke’s method. Finally, it was possible to determine the market value of the property and to make a critical analysis among the values found of physical depreciation by each method performed.
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Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nereida, Sara Alvarez-Gonzalez, Iria Santos, Alvaro Torrente-Patiño, Adrian Carballal i Juan Romero. "Validation of an Aesthetic Assessment System for Commercial Tasks". Entropy 24, nr 1 (9.01.2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24010103.
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Automatic prediction of the aesthetic value of images has received increasing attention in recent years. This is due, on the one hand, to the potential impact that predicting the aesthetic value has on practical applications. Even so, it remains a difficult task given the subjectivity and complexity of the problem. An image aesthetics assessment system was developed in recent years by our research group. In this work, its potential to be applied in commercial tasks is tested. With this objective, a set of three portals and three real estate agencies in Spain were taken as case studies. Images of their websites were taken to build the experimental dataset and a validation method was developed to test their original order with another proposed one according to their aesthetic value. So, in this new order, the images that have the high aesthetic score by the AI system will occupy the first positions of the portal. Relevant results were obtained, with an average increase of 52.54% in the number of clicks on the ads, in the experiment with Real Estate portals. A statistical analysis prove that there is a significant difference in the number of clicks after selecting the images with the AI system.
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Khristianto, Khristianto, Arif Budiman i Maulana Mualim. "English Presence in Our Landscape: A Global Community at Play". Berumpun: International Journal of Social, Politics, and Humanities 5, nr 2 (31.10.2022): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/berumpun.v5i2.98.
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English today is everywhere in our landscape. It appears in every commercial item. People seem to have a strong belief that language has an extra magical power to sell; it contains a powerful mantra to persuade consumers to choose their products. With its extensive use, English marks a kind of global community. This study makes an online survey through Street View in Google Maps to collect data on the use of English in the landscapes, particularly in the area of Simpang Lima, Semarang. This employs a perspective of language ecology questioning the ideology behind the rampant English, dominating our place. Based on the data collected, it proves that English appears the most. English is found on the billboards of automotive, mobile phones, cosmetic products, cigarettes, electronics, online shops, internet-based transportation services, housing complexes/real estate, and cellular providers. English items are equal to Indonesian. In Indonesian ads, English many times is featured to be a tagline. Meanwhile, English ads give no space for Indonesian items. Here, English surely does not symbolize the language of the community. We do believe that Semarang is dominantly occupied by Indonesian people. However, it is proved that English has shown its domination in the space, with no real users in the field. It is there for its commercials effects and association, based on the shared assumption of its prestige, modernity, beauty and power.
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Bunel, Mathieu, Samuel Gorohouna, Yannick L’Horty, Pascale Petit i Catherine Ris. "Ethnic Discrimination in the Rental Housing Market: An Experiment in New Caledonia". International Regional Science Review 42, nr 1 (7.12.2017): 65–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017617739065.
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This study focuses on the links between ethnic discrimination, housing discrimination, and the ethnic composition of neighborhoods at a specific spatial level, that of the city quarter. Our goal is to determine whether discrimination exacerbates residential segregation. We measure discrimination and access to housing in Greater Nouméa, the capital of New Caledonia, by ethnic background, distinguishing between the people of Kanak (the indigenous people) and those of European descent. Between October 2015 and February 2016, four applicants individually responded to 342 real-estate rental ads, made a total of 1,368 responses. Two of the applicants made their Kanak origin known through their surnames, while two others similarly made their European origin known. In each pairing, an applicant signaled financial and professional stability by explicitly indicating that he was a civil servant. A particularity of the study was to analyze these data statistically by crossing it with the ethnic distribution of neighborhoods. Severe discrimination regarding access to private rental housing for Kanak applicants in all neighborhoods was found. Signaling stability strongly reduced discrimination against Kanak applicants. This discrimination is linked to the behavior of landlords and, to a lesser extent, to the actions of real-estate agencies. The difficulties accessing housing are solely due to discrimination linked to the social precariousness of Kanaks in neighborhoods where Kanaks are most represented. They are also linked to ethnic discrimination against Kanaks in neighborhoods dominated by Europeans. Housing providers thus play an active role in residential segregation.
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Asplund, Joshua, Motahhare Eslami, Hari Sundaram, Christian Sandvig i Karrie Karahalios. "Auditing Race and Gender Discrimination in Online Housing Markets". Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 14 (26.05.2020): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v14i1.7276.
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While researchers have developed rigorous practices for offline housing audits to enforce the US Fair Housing Act, the online world lacks similar practices. In this work we lay out principles for developing and performing online fairness audits. We demonstrate a controlled sock-puppet audit technique for building online profiles associated with a specific demographic profile or intersection of profiles, and describe the requirements to train and verify profiles of other demographics. We also present two audits using these sock-puppet profiles. The first audit explores the number and content of housing-related ads served to a user. The second compares the ordering of personalized recommendations on major housing and real-estate sites. We examine whether the results of each of these audits exhibit indirect discrimination: whether there is correlation between the content served and users' protected features, even if the system does not know or use these features explicitly. Our results show differential treatment in the number and type of housing ads served based on the user's race, as well as bias in property recommendations based on the user's gender. We believe this framework provides a compelling foundation for further exploration of housing fairness online.
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Larceneux, Fabrice, Marjolaine Bezançon i Thomas Lefebvre. "‘Asymmetric revelation’ effect: The influence of an increased number of photos on mental imagery and behavioural responses depending on target market". Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 33, nr 3 (26.07.2018): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051570718785976.
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There has been little research exploring the effect of the number of photographs used to present a product, and the studies that have been carried out relate to experiments with a reduced number of non-informative photos. This article provides a first field study conducted on 3,658 real estate ads and shows that an increase in the number of photos decreases favourable behavioural responses for lower range properties, but has no effect in the case of higher range properties. This result is replicated and explained in an experimental study: for lower range properties, the addition of photos deteriorates the valence of mental images, decreases mental self-imagery and increases perceived worry. These variables explain the negative effect of the number of photos on behavioural responses. However, for higher range properties, the addition of photos – informative or not – does not improve behavioural responses. This ‘asymmetric revelation’ effect depending on the segment of the property market being targeted is discussed.
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Prasad, Mousami, Trupti Mishra, Arti D. Kalro i Varadraj Bapat. "Environmental claims in Indian print advertising: an empirical study and policy recommendation". Social Responsibility Journal 13, nr 3 (7.08.2017): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-05-2016-0091.
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Purpose Environmental claims in advertising (green ads) provide competitive advantage to firms. This study aims to understand what kinds of environmental claims advertisers make in a developing nation like India. Further, implications for policymakers and advertisers are discussed. Design/methodology/approach A content analysis of 279 green print advertisements was conducted using a comprehensive list of claim categories identified from the advertising literature. These categories included advertiser profile; ad promotions – type, sector, appeal; claim – nature, type, focus, validity, emphasis; executional elements – illustration setting, presenter, format/structure and environmental issue, identified from past studies and practitioner interviews. Findings The findings suggest that majority of the advertisers using green ads are manufacturers. Consumer durables, real estate and power sector together constitute one-third of the total green ads. Further, most of the green ads are aimed at influencing consumer behaviour. Though most of the ads contain strong emphasis on environmental attributes, they are ambiguous. A large proportion of claims are credence in nature and lack product identification through environmental certifications. This study also identifies areas of concern including interpretation of the term green, use of multiple certifications, greenwashing and advertisers showing environmental responsiveness through event-based green advertising. Policy recommendations are made based on green advertising regulations governing them across developed and other developing countries. Research limitations/implications The content analysis of the green advertisements in this study was limited to newspaper advertisements within the print media. Future studies may use advertisements from different media types, such as the internet ads and television commercials, to examine the effect of media type on the nature of green advertisements. It would also be interesting to examine the role of regulations as a moderator, influencing the claims made in green advertisements. Practical implications The findings of this study provide a comprehensive overview of the nature of green advertisements in India. Marketers may use these insights to design effective green advertising strategies. Originality/value Most of the extant literature has examined environmental claims in the context of developed nations, where regulations are well established. Very few studies have examined this issue in the context of developing countries. In addition, most of the previous studies have focused on specific issues like greenwashing, appeals and execution elements. The present study contributes to green advertising by examining environmental claims in case of a developing nation like India using a comprehensive list of claim categories. This study also identifies areas of concern and suggests recommendations for policymakers and advertisers.
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Rusova, O., V. Bredikhin i V. Verbytska. "FOCUS ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR PREDICTING THE OUTFLOW OF CLIENTS FROM ON-LINE EDUCATION SITES". Municipal economy of cities 4, nr 171 (17.10.2022): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-4-171-2-6.
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The article examines the task of assessing the cost of housing in the cities of Ukraine. The purpose of this work is to simplify the determination of the value of apartments on the real estate market using machine learning technologies. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use a program module in Python using the Sequential direct distribution model of the keras library. A program was created that estimates the value of apartments according to their parameters using a neural network. The importance of forecasting in the field of real estate is shown, because the housing market is a systemic part of the regional economy. The results of the software application, which consists of two parts, are presented. The first program collects the necessary data for training a neural network about apartments from the OLX site ads, their structuring and recording in a csv file. The second program provides tools for preliminary analysis of the collected data, after which they are cleaned, divided into training and test samples and trained on their basis by a multilayer neural network of direct propagation using a machine learning algorithm. The layers API of the keras library was used to design the neural network, which allows the user to create arbitrary layers. For regularization, the keras.regularizers tool, which is also in the layers API, is used. To configure model metrics, the compile method was used. Three hidden layers were defined, for each of which 512 neurons were introduced and the Relu activation function was chosen. Calculations of the correlation of prediction indicators and error curves of machine learning are given. As a result of testing the trained neural network on a test set of 652 examples, an average absolute error of 3570.88 was obtained, and the accuracy of the model was approximately 85%. Thus, the neural network has reached an acceptable level of accuracy for estimating the cost of apartments in the city of Kharkiv. Ways to reduce test errors and learning errors using cross-validation are proposed. Concepts of learning hyper-parameters and their regularization are considered Keywords: neural networks, deep learning, machine learning, regression, prediction, estimation, data analysis.
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Marshall, Matilda, i Jón Þór Pétursson. "Pantry Memories". Ethnologia Fennica 49, nr 1 (1.10.2022): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23991/ef.v49i1.112209.
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In recent years, references to “old-fashioned pantries” and “classic root cellars” have regularly popped up in real estate ads across Sweden as a potential selling point for people seeking new homes. The use of the words “classic” and “old-fashioned” indicates a shift in the thinking about traditional food storage spaces. In this article, we explore the recontextualization and emotionalization of traditional food storage spaces in Swedish society. We base our analysis on an open-ended questionnaire on food storage, preservation, and household preparedness directed to Swedish households. We investigate how our respondents have recounted and shaped embodied memories in the act of writing about past food storage: the different spaces, times, people, practices, emotions, and objects. Viewing these acts of remembering and writing about past food storage as emotional practices has led to an understanding of how emotional experience in the past is reinterpreted in the present. Seeing these acts as emotional practices illustrates the relational nature of emotions, where longing for past food storage spaces is one way to reflexively deal with contemporary issues by managing everyday life. Finally, we argue that reflexive nostalgia helps to create and interpret emotions – making past and present food storage meaningful.
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Munoz Cabanes, Alberto, Alfonso Herrero de Egana i Arturo Romero. "Real option analysis. The viability of real estate projects". Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, nr 4 (8.12.2020): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(4).2020.24.
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Traditional methods used for real estate project valuation, such as the static Net Present Value, have some limitations, as these methods do not consider the possibility of a change in the initial conditions of the project or during its development. On the other hand, the real options approach allows for flexibility in evaluating a real estate project, improving the decision-making process as it helps identify the optimal strategy and timing for the construction phases. The paper deals with evaluating an actual real estate project in La Rioja (Spain) using different options to estimate its final Net Present Value. The results show that the real estate project would be profitable under several scenarios, although the valuations can vary significantly among the different types of options. This is because some options add more value to the project than others, depending on their cost and the uncertainty they eliminate. In contrast, the results obtained using the traditional static method would have led a real estate developer to discard the project completely, as its Net Present Value would have been negative. This confirms that the introduction of flexibility in real estate developments creates additional value by allowing developers and investors to dynamically react to changes in the market, thus making better investment decisions and finding real estate investment opportunities that otherwise would not be considered at all.
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NAKAMURA, Yoshihiko. "Disputes over Real Estate and ADR". Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 25, nr 3 (2011): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares.25.3_85.
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Ying, Wang, Wang Xinfeng, Cao Jianguo i Abhijit Ghosh. "A Study of the Branding's Impact on Consumers in the Real Estate Market". Asia-Pacific Journal of Management and Technology 04, nr 01 (2023): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46977/apjmt.2023.v04i01.003.
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Branding has evolved into an essential component of promotion. As little more than a consequence, the rate of adoption and application, particularly in the real estate sector, has increased substantially in recent years. Branding adds a new dimension to the development and regeneration of districts, communities, and luxury estates. A survey interview is implemented for data collection, taking into consideration the study's goals and objectives as well as the fact that all of the respondents were educated. The questionnaire comprised open-ended, confined, and numerous questions, several alternatives, etc. According to the report, customers have become major judgment providers, weighing in on various aspects such as the user's brand, the developer's brand, the property's price, the property's condition, the condition of the real estate, and the property's prospects. The dealer's income level influences his or her purchase intention. The real estate industry, as with any other, offers items and services to its customers. Despite the fact that there are differences in how the companies in this sector conduct their day-to-day business operations, the core business strategies, particularly those relating to marketing, are invariably comparable to those found in plenty of other sectors.
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Karemore, Satish. "Real Estate Website". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, nr 5 (31.05.2024): 1026–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61737.
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Abstract: The motivation to develop Real Estate Web Application comes from my urge to learn Visual Studio .NET 2005 for building the business logic of the application, SQL server 2005 for database designing and using new web technologies like AJAX, Java Script for website designing. The most influential factor for selecting this application is to add some innovative features to the search engine of a Real Estate Website which can make the task of a property buyer easy to search for property listings. The most significant feature in these websites is the interactive search criterion which lets the buyer specify their requirements to get the correct set of records from the database. The search tool should be strong enough to include all the required features which a buyer may desire. Also, each search requires a post back call to the database to retrieve some set of records but making the website AJAX enabled prevents the annoying post backs. Thus, each call refreshes just the data grid to display the listings rather the whole web page. Some other new features like drag and drop tool to save the listings, retrieving related results for each search, etc make this application more feature rich.
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Hatkar, Prof Vaishali. "Real Estate System". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, nr 4 (30.04.2024): 1105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60002.
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Abstract: This system will provide facility to the user to search Residential and Commercial property and view property. This system will provide facility to view the property by admin and user. User will able to upload the property information to the site and able to manage it. This system will provide facility to the user to fill up their requirement and according to their Requirement Admin can add the Requirement property. This system will provide facility to the user to publish advertise to the Site and view. This system will provide facility to the user to feedback to the site. The system's key features include an intelligent property listing module that allows real estate agents to create and update property listings with detailed descriptions, images, and pricing information. This article studies the importance of establishing a real estate information system in the real estate market. A web application and an Android mobile application allow different types of registered users to access the REMS. The mobile based application is proposed for collecting house and land data with geographical position at the real place. Meanwhile, the web application is created to handle the backend services, and provides all functions of the property management. The evaluation of user satisfaction shows that our proposed system is practically used and satisfied.
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Anam, Khairul, Mursidah Nurfadillah i Fenty Fauziah. "ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI DAN REAL ESTATE INDONESIA". Jurnal Daya Saing 7, nr 3 (28.10.2021): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35446/dayasaing.v7i3.746.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh price earning ratio, earning per share dan return on assets terhadap return saham pada Properti dan Real Estat yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, metode dalam pengumpulan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 10 perusahaan dengan populasi yang digunakan ada 53 perusahaan dari sub sektor properti dan real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Dengan periode penelitian dari tahun 2014-2018. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan semua variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham. Sementara hanya secara parsial earning per share dan return on assets berpengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham, price earning ratio tidak berpengaruh signifikan.
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Schuetz, Jenny. "International Real Estate Review". International Real Estate Review 11, nr 2 (31.12.2008): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100095.
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This paper tests for evidence of political manipulation in the allocation of subsidized mortgage loans in Mexico during the 1990’s. First, I develop a baseline model of loan allocation across states as a function of housing need, eligibility for lending programs, and administrative capacity to deliver housing. Then, I add measures of political competitiveness to the model. Empirical results suggest that the two largest lenders generally allocated loans according to their eligibility criteria, granting more loans to states with more income- and employment-eligible households and poorer quality housing. Tests for political manipulation suggest that more loans were, in fact, granted in federal election years and in states where the ruling party did not perform well in the previous election. However, the numbers lack statistical significance. As a result, it can be assumed that political motivation played a relatively small role in the allocation of loans.
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Hui, Eddie C. M., i Joe T. Y. Wong. "International Real Estate Review". International Real Estate Review 12, nr 1 (30.04.2009): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100104.
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This study captures the essential elements of the price expectations of market participants in a rising market. Adopting a forward-looking approach, this paper explores the effectiveness of expectations as an indicator of forthcoming housing price changes in Hong Kong. Examination of the quarterly survey data from December 2003 to September 2007 indicates that both homeowners and non-homeowners tend to overestimate the probability of future housing price increases yet underestimate its volatility. This adds weight to the argument that market participants are generally not rational in the prediction of price movement. Homeowners, investors and potential home buyers have more or less the same level of confidence about the future market outlook. Like non-owners, they expect higher prices. The number of correct forecasts exceeds incorrect forecasts, suggesting that overall price expectations are fairly close to realization. It can be broadly concluded that the aggregate price expectations in the long run can be an appropriate forecasting tool for future market performance.
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Chaney, Alain, i Martin Hoesli. "International Real Estate Review". International Real Estate Review 18, nr 1 (31.03.2015): 01–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100192.
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This paper contributes to the debate about capitalization rate determinants by comparing the driving factors of appraisal-based cap rates with those of transaction-based cap rates. By using a rich database of real estate transactions in Switzerland for the period of 1985¡V2010, we identify several property-specific variables that have not been used in prior research and that increase the explained portion of the cap rate variance by as much as 10 percentage points. The results show that compared to investors, appraisers overweight factors that they can easily observe when they appraise a property, at the cost of variables related to growth expectations and the opportunity cost of capital. This has two implications. First, as the easily observable factors hardly change over time, while the latter variables change frequently and significantly, it provides new evidence that may add to the appraisal-smoothing discussion. Second, investors put less emphasis on factors that are diversifiable, which suggests that they favor a portfolio perspective, whereas the focus of the appraisers is more on the individual property level.
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El-Din, Y. Salah. "Code Mixing in Egyptian Real Estate Billboards: A Multimodal Analysis". International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 8, nr 4 (grudzień 2022): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2022.8.4.353.
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This paper investigates the strategies employed in Egyptian real estate billboards to attract potential customers. More specifically, it examines how the mixing of Arabic and English as codes, and the use of visuals and colors, are techniques that aim to enhance the sales market. The theory of Multimodality [1], as well as Linguistic Landscape [2] are used to analyze a number of real estate double billboards that are displayed in two Egyptian main routes, namely Cairo Ring Road and the Egyptian North Coast highway. Results of this research would add to the body of research in the area of multimodality and linguistic landscape. They would also shed light on the strategies used by advertisers which reflect the social identity of the community where the examined billboards are displayed.
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Saari, Anniina, Seppo Junnila i Jussi Vimpari. "Blockchain’s Grand Promise for the Real Estate Sector: A Systematic Review". Applied Sciences 12, nr 23 (23.11.2022): 11940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122311940.
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In recent years, blockchain technology has received increasing attention in the real estate literature. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that blockchains could provide some added benefits for the real estate sector even in the current hybrid settings, where blockchain is usually just an add-on to existing systems. This research provides an up-to-date and systematic understanding of blockchain’s theoretical potential, pros, and cons for the real estate sector. The research aims to understand why and where to apply blockchain in real estate by conducting a systematic review that identified 296 relevant documents and performed a thematic content analysis. The identified blockchain adoption proposals were classified using standardized real estate vocabulary. Most of the literature focused on blockchain possibilities within land administration, followed by property transactions, real estate investment, leasing and renting, and real estate administration. However, real estate development and real estate maintenance did not appear as attractive real estate subsectors for blockchain. This paper provides a detailed analysis of blockchain technology’s possibilities for each real estate subsector, i.e., blockchain merits, and discusses the pros and cons. Last, this review provides suggestions for future research directions.
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Wong, Siu Kei, Ling Li i Paavo Monkkonen. "International Real Estate Review". International Real Estate Review 22, nr 3 (30.09.2019): 307–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100283.
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The profiteering developer is a common figure in debates over housing policy. Governments increasingly use developer profits to justify policies like inclusionary housing. Yet we actually understand little about the competitiveness of housing development. One unresolved question is whether developers use market power to profit when selling new units, especially in highly concentrated markets. We use the case of Hong Kong, where the five largest developers build almost two-thirds of new housing units, to address this question. Using a repeat-sales approach, we find that new condominiums sell at a discount, not a premium. We attribute this lack of market power to the resalable feature of durable goods ¡V the discount is larger when more re-sellers are located nearby ¡V as well as the need for liquidation ¡V the discount is larger when developers have to sell more units simultaneously. Our results suggest that the first-hand market, even in a highly concentrated market, is competitive. They add to a growing body of research work on the role of new housing in affordability, and invite further study of competitiveness in different kinds of housing markets.
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van den Beemt-Tjeerdsma, Annette, i Jan Veuger. "Towards a more professionalised municipal real estate management". Journal of Corporate Real Estate 18, nr 2 (9.05.2016): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-11-2015-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to see how a more developed discipline – corporate real estate management (CREM) – can add value to a less developed discipline – municipal real estate management (MREM) – to contribute to their professionalisation. Design/methodology/approach Every year since 2008 (except for 2013), municipalities have been asked to complete a questionnaire on how they manage their real estate. With these results, it is possible to perform quantitative analyses on both trends and the current situation. In addition, municipalities’ descriptions of their real estate management have been analysed in a qualitative way. Findings Municipalities are concentrating their real estate tasks in the municipal organisation to link their real estate, their policies and the citizens/tenants. Remarkable is the diversity of the functions and the broad definition of “the real estate employee” (organisational structure). Municipalities make strategic and organisational changes that aim to improve both the real estate portfolio and the municipal organisation (operations). The next years, municipalities will focus in particular on vacancy rates, organisation design, collaboration, ownership and the sustainability of the portfolio (direction). Originality/value Qualitative and quantitative research are combined to compare theory with practice on CREM and MREM. The results contribute to the professionalisation of Dutch municipalities.
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Amalia, Andi Athifah, i Andi Achruh Pasinringi. "Trust Fund: REITs Dan Perkembangan I-REITs Di Indonesia". Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 9, nr 2 (19.07.2023): 2907. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i2.8558.
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Salah satu dana perwalian yang digunakan untuk sekuritisasi properti konvensional adalah Real Estate Investment Trust. Pelaku pasar juga terpengaruh untuk berinvestasi pada aset properti syariah atau Islamic Real Estate Investment Trusts dengan munculnya Islamic Financial Institutions (IFI) berupa perbankan syariah dan pasar modal syariah di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan tinjauan literatur untuk mempelajari perbedaan antara Islamic Real Estate Investment Trust syariah dan konvensional, prinsip syariah dari Islamic Real Estate Investment Trust syariah, dan pertumbuhan real estate investment trust syariah di Indonesia. Untuk mengetahui mengenai perbedaan antara REITs konvensional dan Syariah, perkembangan I-REITs di Indonesia, dan prinsip syariah yang digunakan pada I-REITs. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa perkembangan Islamic Real Estate Investment Trust di Indonesia masih mengalami keterlambatan dibandingkan dengan dengan Negara lain meskipun kerangka regulasi mengenai Islamic Real Estate Investment Trust di Indonesia telah ada. Sehingga diperlukan adanya upaya lebih lanjut dari pemerintah dan para praktisi literature untuk mendorong perkembangan Islamic Real Estate Investment Trust di Indonesia.
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Stohs, Mark Hoven, i Yun W. Park. "International Real Estate Review". International Real Estate Review 10, nr 1 (30.06.2007): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100075.
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California’s Proposition 13, which limits the growth of property tax to 2 percent per year, provides homeowners an incentive to remain in their housing units and thus contributes to residential stability. Yet, with fast home price appreciation, new home buyers may purchase a home and then sell it again within a short period of time. Even though they incur transaction costs, they can gain by the appreciation. Under Proposition 13, faced with a disproportionately large property tax relative to those homeowners who purchased their homes a long time ago at a much lower price, the new homebuyers have an additional incentive to trade homes fast in an up market to avoid paying a high property tax. We call this short term residential trading ‘Proposition 13 risk arbitrage’ and predict that Proposition 13 induces additional short-term residential trading, which adds to the underlying residential market speculation. Cross-sectional variations of the residential holding periods over the 1993 to 2001 period in the five counties of Southern California are generally consistent with the predictions based on Proposition 13 induced trading: Households which face a higher property tax per square foot and those that experience larger capital gains show a shorter holding period. We also explain the time variation of the aggregate residential holding period using the Proposition 13 risk arbitrage argument.
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Ahamed J, Mrs Noor, i Ajayeswaran S. "LOGISTIC REAL ESTATE SYSTEM". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, nr 03 (14.03.2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem42555.
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Real estate system is a project which provides a friendly format for buying and selling properties. Users can search and browse for property in this application. This application also allows users to book the property. This application mainly concentrates on maintaining and managing the details of the property. This application deals with buying and selling the Plots. This system will provide facility to the user to search plots and view property. This system will provide facility to view the property by admin and user. User will able to upload the property information to the site and able to manage it. This system will provide facility to the user to fill up their requirement and according to their Requirement Admin can add the Requirement property. This system will provide facility to the user to publish advertise to the Site and view. This system will provide facility to the user to feedback to the site.As the land value keeps on changing routinely it is necessary to maintain this detail to attract the clients and convince them. The details of lands and buildings those are confirmed are maintained separately in order not mingle them with the available lands. • It is automated computerized based software system and it is easy to operate. • Attractive User Interface and Reduce manpower work. Keywords: Warehousing, Distribution centers, e-commerce and global supply chains
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Hoesli, Martin, Graeme Newell, Muhammad Jufri Bin Marzuki i Rose Neng Lai. "The Performance and Diversification Potential of Non-Listed Value-Add Real Estate Funds in Japan". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, nr 5 (22.04.2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15050198.
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In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-core investments are gaining traction amongst institutional investors due to the shifting preference towards investment vehicles that position higher on the risk–return curve. Non-listed value-add real estate funds in Japan are one such vehicle. This research develops a comprehensive bespoke benchmark total return index using the ANREV database to reflect the performance of Japan-focussed non-listed value-add real estate funds. We compare the performance of such funds with that of other asset classes and perform portfolio and regression analyses. We conclude that there are several advantages to investing in those funds, including: (1) strong absolute total return performance, (2) competitive risk-adjusted performance, and (3) significant portfolio diversification potential in a mixed-asset portfolio context. The strategic implications for real estate investors are also assessed.
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Hiang Liow, Kim, i Alastair Adair. "Do Asian real estate companies add value to investment portfolio?" Journal of Property Investment & Finance 27, nr 1 (6.02.2009): 42–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635780910926667.
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Baranyai, Eszter. "Open-ended real estate funds: from flows to property". Journal of Property Investment & Finance 37, nr 6 (2.09.2019): 555–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-06-2019-0080.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to uncover the relationship between flows and real estate investment at open-ended real estate funds (OEREFs). Design/methodology/approach The study employs fixed-effects panel regressions, relying on data from the Hungarian fund managers’ trade association. First, the effect of lagged flows on allocation to real estate is assessed. Second, the paper studies how this relationship changes as the cyclical position of CRE market advances using two proxies. Findings Flows are found to affect funds’ real estate holdings if they occurred 12–18 months earlier. Inflows (outflows) in the preceding six months demonstrably lower (increase) funds’ real estate holdings ratio. Beyond this relationship, findings do not suggest that less funds are channelled to real estate as “CRE heat” intensifies. Practical implications In an environment marked by strong cash inflows, the investment lag can translate into a significant drop in funds’ exposure to real estate. The share of real estate at Hungarian funds in the sample, for example, fell from 79 to 50 per cent on average over the period of 2011–2017. Measures designed to limit inflows are in the interest of those existing investors who wish to avoid a dilution of the core investment strategy. Originality/value The paper adds to the literature on OEREFs which has been particularly scarce on liquidity transformation during non-crisis times and on non-German funds.
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Jadevicius, Arvydas. "Real estate portfolios – the case for globally diversified core property funds". Journal of Property Investment & Finance 38, nr 1 (4.11.2019): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-09-2019-0123.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to build a case for globally diversified core real estate funds portfolio. Design/methodology/approach It uses Monte Carlo simulation technique to construct synthetic real estate funds portfolios. Findings Benefit of maintaining globally diversified real estate funds portfolio merits admission. An optimal portfolio has an almost even split between Europe, USA and Asia Pacific, ceteris paribus. Likewise, currency effect for Europe domiciled investors is undeniable. Practical implications The overall estimates suggest that a blend of APAC, European and US allocations enhance portfolio risk return profile. Originality/value The study adds additional evidence on the contested issue of real estate diversification.
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Sherrin, Catherine, Patrick McAllister i Anupam Nanda. "The persistence of distance". Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 20, nr 2 (3.08.2015): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-10-2014-0020.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the scale and drivers of cross-border real estate development in Western Europe and Central and Eastern Europe. Design/methodology/approach – Placing cross-border real estate development within the framework of foreign direct investment (FDI), conceptual complexities in characterizing the notional real estate developer are emphasized. Drawing upon a transaction database, this paper proxies cross-border real estate development flows with asset sales by developers. Findings – Much higher levels of market penetration by international real estate developers are found in the less mature markets of Central and Eastern Europe. Analysis suggests a complex range of determinants with physical distance remaining a consistent barrier to cross-border development flows. Originality/value – This analysis adds significant value in terms of understanding cross-border real estate development flows. In this study, a detailed examination of the issues based on a rigorous empirical analysis through gravity modelling is offered. The gravity framework is one of the most confirmed empirical regularities in international economics and commonly applied to trade, FDI, migration, foreign portfolio investment inter alia. This paper assesses the extent to which it provides useful insights into the pattern of cross-border real estate development flows.
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Nijland, Max, i Jan Veuger. "Influence of Blockchain in the Real Estate Sector". International Journal of Applied Science 2, nr 2 (11.06.2019): p22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ijas.v2n2p22.
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The two primary characteristics of real estate assets are their heterogeneity and immobility. Because of these two factors, the market for buying real estate tends to be illiquid, localized and highly segmented, with privately negotiated transactions and high transaction costs due to the involvement of a vast amount of trusted third parties (Ling & Archer, 2013). Because of these characteristics, and the opportunities Blockchain offers, the buying process of commercial real estate, and the involved stakeholders could be affected majorly by this technological phenomena. The lack of transparency, high transaction costs and the need for digitalization in commercial real estate companies give Blockchain its game-changing potential. The results have shown that the pre-marketing phase and due diligence phase are most suitable for the implementation of Blockchain. This due to the characteristics of the phases, characteristics of the stakeholders and the characteristics of Blockchain. The main aspect here can be focused on the added value of Blockchain as a data sharing program which could add value creating a more safe and secure way of sharing data. What should be mentioned is that the technology is in an early stage of development and therefore not (yet) suitable for the implementation in the real estate sector. Although multiple pilots and user cases could be mentioned, the technology needs to overcome some obstacles to be a beter success in the current buying process of commercial real estate.
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Navickas, Valentinas, Tomas Skripkiūnas i Imre Vida. "The identification of spatial bubbles in a real estate market". JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 15, nr 1 (30.03.2022): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/5-1/13.
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There is great interest in identifying and modelling real estate market bubbles over time. However, the spatial dimension of those bubbles gets less attention. While building on the theory of real estate market equilibrium and formation of market bubbles, this research focuses on the spatial bubbles of the market value of apartments inside a city. This approach adds another dimension to the phenomena of real estate market bubbles. The scientific problem of this study is whether the spatial differentiation of real estate encourages the formation of spatial bubbles in real estate market. The object of research is the spatial bubbles in real estate market. The aim of research is to identify the impact of spatial bubbles on real estate market value. Because of the nature of real estate market, the supply and demand of real estate does not match, therefore real estate almost never reaches the equilibrium market value and bubbles appear. The main idea behind this research is that the supply and demand equilibrium model can be applied not only to the changes over time but also across space inside a city. The spatial bubbles appear because of unexplained variance. The empirical research focuses on unexplained variance across space of market value of homogeneous apartments in two major cities in Lithuania. The prominent variance is eliminated through careful selection of projects and control variables such as floor and size of an apartment, distance to civic points and location. Up to 39% of unexplained variance of apartment market value across space was found when looking at 3D diagrams of residualised apartment market value of the selected cities. The main reasons behind formation of those spatial bubbles should be addressed by further research for deeper understanding of the phenomenon of spatial bubble formation.
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Brown, Roger, i Beate Klingenberg. "Real estate risk: heavy tail modelling using Excel". Journal of Property Investment & Finance 33, nr 4 (6.07.2015): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-05-2014-0033.
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Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present a practice briefing in the form of a user’s manual for Excel-based simulation of real estate risk. Based on a generic discounted cash flow model, the simulation incorporates the often ignored heavy tail behaviour of real estate investments, and consolidates Jensen’s inequality. The briefing attempts to explain a model that permits the user to decide whether to include extreme events in real estate risk modelling and how extreme these events may be. Practitioners can generate a variety of modelling outcomes and then choose risk comfort zones in which to contemplate a range of returns.Design/methodology/approach– The paper provides an overview of the underlying mathematical concepts and challenges, as well as on the perspectives on their application from the current academic literature. It offers a step-by-step walk-through of the Excel model (the model being downloadable at:www.mathestate.com).Findings– Existing models for real estate risk modelling fall short with respect to realistic simulation of the probability of extreme events due to challenges in the implementation of stable laws. These former barriers to the implementation of stable laws have been overcome by providing a unique combination of Excel-resident functionalities with a stable pseudo random number generator.Research limitations/implications– Investment advisers no longer need expensive add-ins to estimate risk. The presented Excel model is more robust than common approaches as it considers distribution shapes that are not otherwise easily available. The only apparent limitation is that users need to be familiar with the most basic functionality of Excel.Practical implications– Practitioners are provided with an easy-to-use Excel model that does not require further software add-ins. The model simulates real estate investment returns, based on a more realistic inclusion of risk behaviour. It allows specifying how much extreme value behaviour characterizes the volatility in future projections modelled to guide investment decisions.Social implications– Risk is a cost to society. Many recent news events demonstrate the importance of including extreme values in modelling. The paper attempts to contribute to more realistic risk estimation in real estate investment.Originality/value– This briefing introduces a real estate risk simulation model that includes using stable laws, using Excel, a familiar and widely used platform. Such a model has not previously been reported in the academic or practitioners’ literature.
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Sonar, Dr S. G., i Saurabh S. Patil. "Assessment of Speculation in Real Estate Sector in Pune City". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 2 (28.02.2023): 1178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49220.
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Abstract: The Real Estate Sector is an aggregate made up of the housing, industrial, office and retail sectors; wherein, housing sector play the most significant role. The Real Estate Sector has emerged as the most prominent investment option for the country’s urban households, taking priority over gold, fixed deposits and equities exchange trading. At any point in time, this sector may not be at demand-supply equilibrium because of frequent exogenous parameters and a number of uncertainties present. The investment in Real Estate Sector, particularly in housing properties is done with speculative intention. The speculative activities in the housing properties are the result of uncertainty about future price movements. These activities add pressure to housing demand and, through hoarding, reduce the number of housing units directly available to buyers, thereby pushing up the housing prices. Therefore, assessment of speculation in Real Estate Sector in general and housing sector in particular has become inevitable to achieve equilibrium in Real Estate Sector and stability in housing prices. In this research paper, assessment of speculation in Real Estate Sector in the city of Pune has been carried out using Indexing Method along-with analysis of RESIDEX Index, Vacancy Ratio, Saving Investment Options and Rental Yield parameters.
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BERNHEIM, B. DOUGLAS, i JONATHAN MEER. "DO REAL ESTATE BROKERS ADD VALUE WHEN LISTING SERVICES ARE UNBUNDLED?" Economic Inquiry 51, nr 2 (30.05.2012): 1166–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2012.00473.x.
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Bulczak, Grzegorz Michal. "Use of Google Trends to Predict the Real Estate Market: Evidence from the United Kingdom". International Real Estate Review 24, nr 4 (31.12.2021): 613–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100332.
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This paper demonstrates how Google Trends data can be used to improve real estate market predictions. Online searches produce valuable data that precede economic decisions. This study explores the usefulness of Google search engine data in predicting the real estate markets. The results indicate that Google data can be an additional source of information for investors and policymakers. This analysis adds to the existing literature that explores the role of behavioral factors in the decision-making process. Google Trends data are identified as an important predictor of real estate market prices and sales volume.