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Bonnaud, Laurent. "Lien fixe transmanche et relations franco-britanniques, perspectives historiques : 1856-1987". Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040202.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe idea of crossing the channel has been circulating from 1856 in the leading French and British circles. It has played a part in the relationship between the two countries. The project of a rail tunnel began in 1880 but nevertheless failed, due to rivalries between its promoters, and to the British worries about national defence. New projects did not go beyond paper in the first half of the 20th century. Once Britain had abandoned their official opposition in 1956, investors proposed the shuttle system, which accommodates both rail and road traffic. The projects has acquired a European significance. The work began in 1973 were abandoned by the Wilson government. In 1986 Eurotunnel won a concession with its project of double rail tunnel with shuttles, finalized in October 1987
Housepian, Aline. "Les relations historiques-linguistiques hittito-arméniennes à travers les textes hittiles cunéiformes". Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0017.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe history of 'Hittite' Anatolia is an important part of the history of the ancient Near East of the second millennium B.C.For a long time after the discovery of the Hittites, the research had focused on the heart of the Hittite Empire. With the exception of the Southeast, the peripheral areas gradually emerge from the shadows. It is in this perspective that this thesis takes place: the relations between the Hittite empire and the political entities situated in the East, whose territory had been considered the cradle of a people of obscure origin : the Armenians.A number of Hittite cuneiform inscriptions have been studies with tha aim of finding traces of the Proto-Armenians in Eastern Anatolia in the second millennium B.C.Our research constituted according to the following plan: Within the framework of the first chapter, we will examine the history of regional philology, including languages. We will present the schools of thought and the methods applied by the great Western and Soviet scholars of the 19th century for the classification of these neighboring regional languages which belong to different linguistic families.In the second chapter, we will study the historical geography of Eastern Anatolia (areas mentioned by Hittite and Armenian sources), considered the cradle of the Armenians.The third chapter was devoted to the comparative study of the Hittite-Armenian vocabulary. In the last chapter (chapter 4), we will present and study the Hittite texts relating to Eastern Anatolia
Bennis, Samir. "Les relations politiques et culturelles entre le Maroc et l'Espagne : facteurs historiques et conjoncturels d'une mésentente ancienne". Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10099.
Pełny tekst źródłaSceau, Richard Lebeau René. "Lyon et ses campagnes héritages historiques et mutations contemporaines /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/1994/sceau_r.
Pełny tekst źródłaRajab, Ali. "Le Maroc et l'affaire du Sahara occidental : les données historiques, politiques, économiques et juridiques du problème". Lyon 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO20013.
Pełny tekst źródłaRollin-Clerc, Dominique. "Prescription salariale et évaluation du travail : les formes historiques du salaire de performance". Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21054.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor the past ten years or so, companies have substantially changed their way of determining wage increases granted to technicians and workers. The systematic collective wage increase method, associated with a typical career path mainly based on seniority, is slowly giving way to the individualised wage increase method, associated with the possibilities of promotion for wage-earners chosen for their qualifications and their potential for adaptability. This thesis seeks to demonstrate how performance related pay principles are conceived with a view to encouraging a specific form of labour organisation. Their content constitutes a tangible representation of the extant conceptual relationship within the company between the individual work and the productive efficiency of a production process. Work assessment is based on a number of criteria that define a required performance assimilated to a prescription. Wage prescription is one of the main functions of the performance remuneration principle as is the motivation it is intended to generate and the control it operates by means of the assessment. Hence, the wage principle is determined in close relation to labour organisation rules. One essential function of wages in productive organisations is to direct labour force availability towards the valorisation of performancecriteria founded on the productivity of a given work process
Sceau, Richard. "Lyon et ses campagnes : héritages historiques et mutations contemporaines". Lyon 2, 1994. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/1994/sceau_r.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaroche, Patrice. "L' évangélisation des musulmans en France : antécédents historiques et pastorale contemporaine". Strasbourg 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20062.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the time of the Arab occupation of the south of France till the colonisation of Africa, going through the crusades and the French Mandat in Lebanon and Syria, France, through its politicians and missionaries, was active in Near East and Africa and thus enjoyed privileged relations with the Muslims. .
Berthelot, Pierre. "L'eau comme enjeu des relations israélo-arabes au niveau du bassin du Jourdain : dimensions symbolico-historiques, géopolitiques et juridiques". Bordeaux 3, 2008. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2008BOR30032.
Pełny tekst źródłaTwo of the main contemporary stakes concentrate around the Jordan and its basin, what makes of it a unique case. On the one hand, rivalries around water, a irreplaceable resource more and more scarce in an arid area. On the other hand, the continuous strains whose consequences show its effects beyond Near East. The deep reasons of those antagonism must be looked in the geographical and hydrological features of the area and also in the symbolical and religious representation which the oriental people makes of the ‘blue gold’, through the sacred of seculared thoughts or documents. The recent historical evolution, the role of London or Paris led to the creation of states, irregularly equiped in water. After 1967, Israel changed its status of downstream state to the one of upstream state, thanks to its territorial conquests. Giving up the main part of those acquisitions would make him losing this privileged position, hence strong strains with the main protagonists of the basin finding again an attractive location in case of withdrawal ( Lebanon, Syria, palestinian territories ). Conversely, non strategic countries on an hydraulic viewpoint and located rather at the periphery of the basin maintain better relations with the jewish state ( Egypt, Jordan, Turkey ). A new war based only on this stakes seems however hypothetical although more and more announced or theorised. International law, in its numerous declension that can be enforced to the current conflict, is an option of settling to favour, through the protection of international watercourses with purposes other that navigation, civilians victims or under occupation, and the environment
Edwards, José Miguel. "Joyful economists : étude des relations historiques entre analyse économique et analyse psychologique du point de vue de "l'économie du bonheur"". Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010063.
Pełny tekst źródłaDaubigney, Alain. "Communautés, rapports sociaux et dépendance en France du Néolithique à l'âge du fer : Représentations archéologique et discours historiques". Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA1017.
Pełny tekst źródłaTraore, Zakaria. "Dynamique d’évolution dans un secteur oligopolistique et capacités d’adaptation des opérateurs historiques d’industries de réseau : application de l’approche basée sur les capacités dynamiques à l’opérateur historique des télécommunications du Burkina Faso". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE023/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe telecommunications sector has evolved dramatically over the past decades with the diffusion of new technologies and it has become a key activity in the economy of developing countries. As a result, the dynamics of this sector are of interest not only to the telecom operators and their suppliers of equipment and related services but also to political authorities, regulators as well as financial institutions and other social actors.From a position of monopoly on the part of a historical operator, major reforms were undertaken in this sector in most African states from 1998 onwards to introduce controlled competition.The evolution of the relationships between the various actors of this industry and the performance of the historical operator, Onatel, are analyzed primarily from a strategic management perspective using the model of dynamic capacities of Teece (2007). This perspective is further enhanced by the use of a framework that focuses on institutional dynamics and combines political science and industrial economics approaches (Julien and Smith, 2008).A qualitative, exploratory study was conducted by combining secondary data analysis and interviews with industry executives and experts in order to analyze how the historical operator of telecommunications in Burkina Faso repositioned itself during this period. Despite economic and regulatory constraints, Onatel was found to have developed dynamic capacities that contributed to the improvement of its performance and helped it establish a sustainable competitive position in the new market and network configuration.Specific capacities developed include adapting to the legal framework, developing long-term financing capacity, acquiring and developing employee resources and competences, psychosocial and cultural adaptation, reconfiguring core competences as well as associated structures and processes and, finally, commercial and marketing competencies. These capacities were mobilized within three forms of relationships that were evolving in parallel between the different types of actors in the sector, compromise-convention relationships, conflict-coordination relationships and co-operation-coercion relationships
Lemasson, Sylvie. "La politique étrangère de la République fédérale d'Allemagne au Moyen-Orient de 1973 à 1990 ou Comment tendre vers la maîtrise des contraintes historiques et politiques". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0030.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo meet its responsabilities towards Israel, while attending to its own economical interests (the FRG is the top European commercial power in the Middle East), West Germany cultivates its political moderation and necessary neutrality : to be seen as a force for peace allows for the consolidation of a multidimensional presence. Just as the Kippur war leads the FRG to take up a pro-arabstance, the European political cooperation contributes greatly to the emancipation of German policy by legitimizing its engagements if not its activism. Only the taking of a well-defined and active role, dedicated to stabilization and balance, can reduce the negative and limiting effects of the "malaise of dependance" to which the FRG has been subjected. Its diplomacy of "conciliation" and its economical strength are the two principal means the FRG disposes in order to deal with the Israelan problem and to harmonise its multiple frequently concurrent relations, as much in the local context (FRG Israel Arab countries Iran), as in the Atlantic Alliance (FRG USA France). At the same time, the balance to which the FRG aspires must take into account three fondamental limits : the role past plays in the German decisional process ; the diversification of German commerce with the politico-moral aspects of the exportations of illicit arms; finally, the consequences that German political caution have on the expression of western solidarity in the Middle East
Andrade-Benítez, Amanda. "Géopolitique des relations d'intégration entre la Colombie et le Venezuela : enjeux historiques binationaux, construction des territoires et rapports entre sociétés locales". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0132.
Pełny tekst źródłaFocused on the analysis of the dynamic intricacies between bi-national and local border echelons, this study covers the evolution of the integration process between two south american countries: Colombia and Venezuela. It takes into consideration a long-term geopolitical approach, addressing the historical nature of the conflict and the rivalries for power at both existing levels: bi-national and internal. This study examines inter-governmental, intra-governmental and human relations within a particular geographical space such as national borders. The subject « integration relations » refers here to the understanding of the historical issues resulting from the dissolution of gran colombia in 1830 which gave rise to the construction of national colombian and venezuelan territories on their neighboring space. Currently, these territories play a fundamental role in the framework of bi-national relations, because they represent the issues not only in the two countries' conflictive dynamics, but also in domestic conflicts of these states. These are areas in which we also find a specific social order of neighboring relations. Our study thus covers the most active border between the two countries, that which separates the departments of Norte de Santander (Colombia) from the state of Tachira (Venezuela)
Güngörmez, Hasan. "Perspectives historiques et économiques de la Turquie face à la région du Kurdistan irakien". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG011.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince 2003, the new political situation in Iraqi Kurdistan has led to unprecedented developments at the regional level. The growing autonomy of Iraqi Kurdistan has given birth to new dynamics and geopolitical issues in a currently unstable Middle East. The countries of the region, particularly Turkey, attach great importance to bilateral relations with this embryonic state. Following the military intervention led by the coalition of USA and Great Britain in Iraq, the Turkish state has had to redefine its foreign policy in the Middle East. In order to contribute to the development of critical analysis, we develop our thesis in two main areas. Firstly, in order to better situate the developments currently taking place in the region, we analyze the bilateral relations between Turkey and Iraqi Kurdistan with a historical approach. Secondly, we deal with in detail the question of economic exchanges between the two parties. In order to evaluate effectively the economic potential of Turkish companies at the regional level, we will analyze their investments in the Kurdish market. In our study, the analysis of the historical dimension and the economic approach will allow us to better understand the changes and challenges in the region
Landry, Tristan. "L'écriture et la discordance : la représentation de l'autre dans deux récits historiques serbe et croate". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26222.
Pełny tekst źródłaRico-Osés, Clara. "L'image de l'Espagne en France au XVIIe siècle : les sources musicales éclairées par les témoignages historiques, diplomatiques, littéraires et picturaux (1610-1674)". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040133.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis current study analyses the presence and image of Spain in the French cultural life of the 17th century, and in particular, in the musical sources. The complex relationships between France and Spain throughout this century provide a negative perception of the Spanish people, which is studied here not only from a musicological perspective, but also from a multidisciplinary analysis, taking into account historical, literary and artistic sources. The engravings and the propagandistic literature of the first-half of this century support the anti-Spanish image perceived in the librettos of ballets de cour during the same epoch. Such clichés will not be present in the sources of Louis XIV's reign, mainly from 1659 on (Paix des Pyrénées). Nonetheless, Spain left its particular stamp as a " mode à l'espagnole " (Spanish fashion). The phenomenon is here mostly represented by a corpus of Spanish-language airs de cour, as well as by a regular presence of Spanish-origin dances in the ballets de cour of Jean-Baptiste Lully, although fully frenchified. Lastly, the physical presence of Spanish people in the French courtier performances of the 17th century, represented by the Spanish theatre companies that travelled to France on the occasion of the wedding between Louis XIV and Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche in 1660, will be analysed
Deheurles-Montmayeur, Lisa. "La diplomatie du rapprochement entre villes grecques et turques depuis la fin des années 1980 et ses dynamiques territoriales : de la transnationalisation des territoires à la résurgence de territoires historiques". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH035/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe hypothesize that research on the role of cities in the dynamics of Greek-Turkish rapprochement process (- either on an economical as well as a socio-cultural or political basic -)provides a framework for enabling analysis to study the transnational process and their translation in terms of territorial dynamics. They allow to understand both the process of transnationalization of territories as a result of the internationalization of cities and also the process of territorial regionalization of transnationality. In other terms, we can see how transnational dynamics will that result from the twons' rapprochment's diplomacy can new territories. Through the case of Greek-Turkish rapprochement and initiatives implemented between Greek and Turkish towns since the late 1980s, we will try to highlight this "town's diplomacy" is at the crossroads of a new form of transnationalization of the territories at the borders of Europe, but how it also expressthe resurgence (or even the permance)of old historical territories, which are challenging social and territorial cohesion of the national territories of the two countries
Gielec, Henri. "Le lycée polonais Cyprian Norwid de Villard-de-Lans (1940-1946) : articulation des liens historiques franco-polonais". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN21004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe friendship between France and Poland proved strong in many circumstances and on many occasions. However, it was particularly appreciated in the very exceptional case of the LYCÉE POLONAIS CYPRIEN NORWID de VILLARD-DE-LANS. The continued existence of that school, in spite of the German presence, makes it the only official Polish secondary school in occupied Europe. In Poland secondary schools were strictly forbidden. This work presents the story of that lycée (secondary school) and of its teachers. It tells of the help provided by the whole population, the atmosphere they managed to create and the friendship that developed from it. It was important for all this to be known or recollected, especially after the school closed down in 1946
Séébold-Galland, Eve. "Ecrire-être écrivain, les enjeux de l'écriture : analyse de la pratique d'écriture et du devenir écrivain, à partir des caractéristiques historiques, dans le champ littéraire contemporain". Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080897.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis aims at analyzing what is at stake in the writing practice and in the writer's destiny in the contemporary literary field. Writing is apprehended under its two complementary aspects : first, as the intersubjective experience of a creative subject; then, as the product of a social system that can promote the practice itself and acknowledge the writer. The thesis is built into two parts. The first volume sets the framewok of the research and retrospectively surveys the decisive moments in the history of the book and of the writer. A description of the contemporary literary field, of its rules and of the role of its many actors is completed by a sociological portrait of the writers who compose it. This portrait was elaborated with the help of the data of a questionnaire filled in by the writers themselves. The second volume analyzes the writing practice, its meaning, its form - material as well as symbolic - from the contents of a series of thorough discussions with recognized and prospective writers. The conditions required to become a writer- that is to say the stage leading to the publication of the text - constitute the last part of the research. This comparative approach of the two populations of writers enables us to boing to light the obvious and unconscious functioning rules of both the literary interaction and production
Leslie, Paul. "Juifs d'Algérie, juifs de Tunisie : leurs parcours historiques comme citoyens et comme protégés français jusqu'au début de la fin du colonialisme". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040020.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis hinges on a comparative analysis which aims at explaining the divergences between the socio-political development of the Algerian jews, French citizens since the collective naturalization decreed in 1870, and that of their Tunisian coreligionists, whose legal status remained essentially unchanged. The ways in wich the Algerian variant of political antisemitism developed towards the end of the nineteenth century are studied in depth, the successes of the Algerian anti-jews being contrasted with the inability of their Tunisian imitators to make headway. By analysing certain aspects of the impact of the Great War upon the different elements of the Tunisian population the last part of the thesis makes possible an improved understanding of the violent anti-jewish disorders of august 1917 and november 1918
Clavé, Elsa. "La malayisation du Sud philippin (XVe-XIXe siècles) : recherches historiques appuyées sur l'analyse des sources narratives et juridiques des sultanats de Sulu (c. 1450-c. 1900) et de Mindanao (c. 1520-c. 1900)". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0131.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis doctoral dissertation is a historical study on the malayization of the Southern Philippines, in a long term perspective, from the 15th to the 19th century. It focuses on the way by which the islamization influenced culturally and socially the Southern Philippines in the context of the emergence and the growth of two modem political entities : the sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao. Based on the exploitation of indigenous texts -historical narratives and codes -the study demonstrates the use that can be made of these sources in the reconstruction of the history of the sultanates. It gives a chronological overview of the way the different political entities organized and developed in their ecological envirorunent, from the coastal areas to the hinterland. Then it considers the legislative framework and the mythical foundations of royal power to evaluate the degree of malayization ofthe elite. The study finally provides an explanation for the contemporary situation of the Southem Philippines where the Malay cultural heritage is hardly noticeable
Abbasbeyli, Elvin. "Les drogmans comme traducteurs de traités internationaux : aspects linguistiques, culturels, historiques et politiques : l’exemple du traité de Küçük Kaynarca de 1774". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC027.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe topic of this thesis is to analyze the three versions (Italian, Ottoman and Russian) of the Küçük Kaynarca Treaty signed in 1774 between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire. After studying the institution of dragomans, the history of Ottoman diplomacy and the structure and languages of this treaty, we proceed to the terminological and etymological analysis of the chosen terms and put them into eight thematic fields: "Diplomacy", "Law" - "Religion", "Army" - "Economy", "Territorial administration" - "Geography"). We carry out this analysis on the basis of the translation processes described in this thesis. Our goal is to show the difficulties encountered by dragomans during the translation process and to see how they managed to overcome them. These difficulties are intimately linked to the translation and adaptation of notions from Western countries. In analyzing the chosen terms, we examine the translational strategies used by the dragomans to "convey" the new concepts for Ottoman society
Grangaud, Isabelle. "La ville imprenable. Histoire sociale de Constantine au XVIIIème siècle". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458158.
Pełny tekst źródłaQouiyd, Siham. "Relations Maroc - Union Européenne : Evolution historique et répercussions socio-spatiales". Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/08CERG0400.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research work deals with the evolution of exchange policies between the European Union and countries of the south Mediterranean and particularly between the EU and Morocco. Do these changes contribute to the diminution of socio-spatial inequalities? Or, they enforced these inequalities by giving privilege to certain precise regions or segments of the social and economic life in Morocco? A historical overview was indispensable in order to study the evolution of these changes and their socio-spatial impact on the Moroccan territory. This thesis consists of two major parts. The first part deals with the determinants of the cooperation and the second part treat the realization of this cooperation. A precise report is accomplished in order to highlight the insufficiencies and point to malfunctioning issues
Banegas, Saorin Mercedes. "Étude de morphosyntaxe historique des pronoms relatifs espagnols /". Nanterre : Centre de recherches ibériques et ibéro-américaines de l'Université Paris X-Nanterre, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb414695739.
Pełny tekst źródłaBibliogr. p. 149-156.
Petit, Cécile. "Les relations franco-helléniques culturelles et scientifiques : essai de bilan historique et contemporain". Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D032.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe history of the franco-hellenic relations explains in a way the extent and the variety of the links which unite france and greece
Cassagne, Amaury de Rufflet Martial. "Le lien armée-nation : historique et perspective /". Montpellier : Presses universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41244800z.
Pełny tekst źródłaOugaard, Morten. "Magt og interesser i den globale samfundsformation : bidrag til den historiske materialismes teori om internationale relationer /". Aarhus : Universitetsforlag, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35541966d.
Pełny tekst źródłaFinan, Anthony. "Autonomie et dépendance : analyse historique des relations entre les USA et la Corée du sud". Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21022.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmerican aid towards south korea was, after the second world war, the major element of support of the national economy. However, without a global paln of economic development. The aid failed to build a coherent economic and productive structure. It helped nevertheless the state of south korea to survive. The years 1957 to 1965 were of deep transition marked by a diminishing level of aid and a quest of alternative sources of foreign savings. A double rupture is realized : on an external level, the reestablishment of official links with japan and the korean vietnam experience are the main topics. They will open the country to foreigh capital, technology and markets and establish triangular relations with japan and the usa. On an internal level, economy becomes the only goal to the success of which is devoted a very centralized and planning state which will manage successfully the major external constraints. This successful experience in development under constrainte invites us to be critical on dependancy theories and to renew our perception of the state in a developing country
Saaïdia, Oissila. "Catholiques et musulmans sunnites, discours croisés, 1920-1950, approche historique de l'altérité religieuse". Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/saaidia_o.
Pełny tekst źródłaDesmedt, Ludovic. "La relation intérêt-change et la réflexion sur la monnaie : une perspective historique". Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE009.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the breakdown of the bretton woods system, a close relationship has been established between monetary and exchange markets. However, the rapport between interest and exchange rates is not typical of the present period. Within a long term view, we can see clearly the connection between credit and foreign exchange. By studying a few significant theoretical controversies, I examine this question along with the evolution of monetary and financial techniques. At first, I present the legal and religious doctrines about money and credit, and then analyse the bill of exchange. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, with the slump of english exports, the discussions emphasized the commercial aspect rather than stressing the reflection on the bills. The neglect of the influence of usury in foreign exchange allowed english mercantilism to highlight the balance of trade theory and the concept of excess exportation. After being decried by the doctrine and hidden in exchange transactions, the interest rate became an item of prime concern. During the first part of the nineteenth century, monetary debates indicated such a change. Whereas ricardo's ideas extended by the currency school lead to the bank of england's reform, the views of thornton and the banking school were supported by the facts. Indeed, discount policies which attracted foreign funds secured convertibility. A comparison with the above mentioned doctrines shows that the interest rate is central in the keynesian approach to exchange rates
Martineau, Maude. "Les pronoms relatifs : variation historique? : usage des pronoms relatifs en français à l'époque de la Nouvelle-France". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26732.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study aims to describe the usage of French relative pronouns by writers from the New France period in order to verify whether the variation attested in modern French was already present in French from the 17th and 18th centuries. To do so, the norm and usage of the relative pronouns in modern and historic French was thoroughly described. A corpus search was also conducted (MCVF corpus, annotated with syntactic tags, Martineau and colleagues, 2005-2010), which includes texts from three different writers from France and Canada (Marie-Andrée Regnard Duplessis, François Gendron and Marie Morin). The analysis of 2521 occurrences reveals that the usage of the writers is consistent with attested uses and descriptions found in metalinguistic sources on historic usage. We conclude that the relative pronoun systems in modern and historical French are similar. The variation heard in modern French was already present at that time, and was even slightly more significant.
Trepied, Benoît. "Politique et relations coloniales en Nouvelle-Calédonie : ethnographie historique de la commune de Koné, 1946-1988". Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0303.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines how pro-independence Kanak taken the power in the commune of Koné in the 1980's. In this commune located on the North-West coast of the French Territory of New Caledonia, European settlers had always controlled local politics until then. Through ethnographic fielwork and archives research, this study presents forty years of the local political life. From the extension of French citizenship to "natives" in 1946 until the Matignon Agreements signed in 1988 between the French State and pro and anti-independence parties, this thesis describes how the transformations of colonial relationships have made the implementation of a pro-independence Kanak political power at the Municipality Council of Koné possible. Examined "from below", this history of Koné focuses on local stakes, actors and conflits but is also analysed through a broader reflection on major legal and political changes that occured in New Caledonia after Second World War
Bosa, Bastien. "Trajectoires aborigènes et logiques d’Etat : ethnographie socio-historique des relations raciales dans le Sud-Est australien". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0571.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the question of the conditions that made possible the unlikely entry of Aborigines into the Australian political field at the end of the 1960s. Drawing both on a socio-historical approach, which interrogates State practices of "identification", and on an ethnographic pont of view, focusing on the ordinary practices of individuals, this project is organised around three parts. The first two parts deal with the processes of social relegation to which Aborigines were subjected in colonial Australia. They attempt to reconstruct the system of "race relations" that was prevailing during most of the 20th century (focussing on the production of categories and on the power relationships between those categories). The third part details the trajectories of the actors of the Black Power movement, in order to understand the social conditions that made it possible for them to 'rebel' and enter the political field
Guillaumaud-Pujol, Claude. "Le cas MOVE à Philadelphie 1975-1995 : fait divers ou événement historique ?" Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR2003.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe "MOVE case", is the story of a conflict between a mainly black marginal group called MOVE, (i. E. 'Movement' in abbreviation), and the city of Philadelphia over a 20 year-period, (1975-1995). After an initial confrontation in 1978, in which one person died, (a white policeman), the police razed the move house to the ground and nine of its inhabitants, all black, were sentenced to between thirty and a hundred years' imprisonment. The violence reached its height in 1985, under Philadelphia's first black mayor, W. Goode, who allowed another move house to be bombed and an entire neighborhood burned down. Eleven people were killed, all group members, including five children. Two survived, a child and an adult, Ramona Africa. She was the only one in this drama to be sentenced to jail -seven years' imprisonment for aggravated assault and riot. The varied and rich sources of information, (the media, books, interviews), contrast sharply with the silence which has now marginalized the issue. The workings of the legal and police administrations, both of which played decisive roles in the escalation of violence, are studied in depth. The system's dysfunctions are analysed in order to determine whether they are of conjunctural or structural origin. These institutions' responses seem to contradict the basic tenets of American democracy. Our aim is to determine whether this episode was no more than a social drama or whether it does not highlight structural weaknesses in American society
Marangé, Céline. "Trajectoire historique du communisme vietnamien : transfert et appropriation des modèles soviétique et chinois (1919-1991)". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0023.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the socio-historical formation of a socialist single-party state in a formerly colonized country: Vietnam. In order to grasp the specificity of Vietnamese communism, we study the agents of the communist ideology diffusion, the impact of anti-colonialism and war, the various forms of influence exercised by the Soviet and the Chinese communists between 1919 and 1991, as well as the processes of appropriation and resistance caused by this new form of domination. Our inquiry relies on various Russian, Chinese, American and French archival documents, and on a large array of printed sources in Vietnamese. It shows that, no matter the state of their relations with Moscow and Beijing, the Vietnamese communists continuously drew their inspiration from the Soviet and Chinese models. Though the observed transfers were born out of constraint at two founding moments, they resulted mostly from a permanent inclination to mimic. The Vietnamese party-state differs little from the Soviet and the Chinese models in its organization and its modes of governance. Its resemblance is mainly due to the Vietnamese communists’ fidelity to the Leninist model, as well as to the doctrinal rigidity and practical nature of the communist ideology. However, there is one domain in which the Vietnamese communists asserted specificity: the nation-building process. If their policies of ethnic homogenization and territorial administration are reminiscent of the Soviet and Chinese practices, their willingness to create a supra-national state and to recast the historical discourse also signals the persistence of some domination schemes and forms of racism, inherited from the colonial period
Calendreau, Louis Fabre Michel. "Le pouvoir et l'autorité, leurs intéractions en milieu éducatif la recherche historique et théorique /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=37701.
Pełny tekst źródłaCalendreau, Louis. "Le pouvoir et l'autorité, leurs intéractions en milieu éducatif : la recherche historique et théorique". Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3031.
Pełny tekst źródłaAuthority is often considered as an attribute of power; it is the famous: ‘I am your leader therefore I have authority over you!’ The hypothesis made in this thesis is that power and authority are two separate concepts, with two separate purposes. Power is based on lawfulness, and aims at creating wealth, whereas the basis of authority is legitimacy. This legitimacy issues from the person who is being educated, not from the educator. It is granted to people who show a consistency between their values, their views, and their behaviour. The purpose of authority is the creation of affective security. This research work is based on personal experience and is supported by written works from other researchers. Two methods have been used. The first method is anamnesis, with the study of the case of four deviant adolescents whose behaviour can be explained using Kohlberg’s scale. One of the causes of their deviancy can be identified by drawing a parallel between the relations of these adolescents and adults in a position of power, and the absence of relations with ‘men of authority’. The second method consists in an analysis of twenty interviews with heads of holiday camps and leisure centres. Two forms of analysis have been used: an ‘empirical’ analysis, in order to find out what these people had in common; and an analysis made with a computer programme called ‘Alceste’, so that we could identify how these people differed from each other. There is a convergence in their ideas regarding the concepts of power and authority. The heads know power because they work in a structured institution, still they forget it if not fear it in the practice of their duties. As regards authority, they do not seem to know it as we know an entity according to its definition, but rather experience it in day-to-day practice. Alceste’s analysis revealed four groups with different positions, and still there was coherence in their practices. The results demonstrate that power as such cannot permit the training of a child for freedom. On the contrary, it leads to his submission through a distressing process of conditioning. These results also show that only authority can introduce a child into a world which existed before him and which will outlive him. The ‘man of authority’ will enable the individual to develop his personality by giving him permission to make his own choices, thus educating him about personal freedom. And last but not least, these results reveal that such an education already exists in holiday and leisure centres
Kadri, Gharib. "D'une "écriture pour l'inconscient" à la "lituraterre" : nouvelles perpectives historiques de la relation entre la littérature et la psychanalyse". Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2013.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhat is the actuality of link between literature and the psychoanalysis ? Today, they "psychoanalyse" the writer and the text without the pertinence of gesture being borne out. This predominant practice erases the resistance which, against it, develops. From the thirties, literary vanguard and psychoanalytic vanguard delay language on the first plan. Lacan accentuates the feature of Freudianism which, to study structures of unconscious, must forge another language. He reasserts the surgical potentiality of the poetic valency of language and rejects the applied psychonalysis. Besides, many writers want to scoop out from the sources of the psychoanalysis. With Lacan, dialogue grows. Progressively, to write to make sensitive the other stage "becomes a stake. The tales of remedy persist in different psychoanalysic literaty types : "analytical novel", "Psycholitterature". This writing constitutes an alternative faced with the applied psychoanalysis. But this phenomenon is not much studied. To circumscribe it, we use the lacanien term of "lituraterre". It is the type of the not analysed scum that implicates the writing because
Cisse, Gouro. "Le Syndicalisme africain évolution historique, rôle politique et relations internationales : contribution à une approche politique du mouvement ouvrier africain /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612659c.
Pełny tekst źródłaCisse, Gouro. "Le syndicalisme africain : évolution historique, rôle politique et relations internationales. (Contribution à une approche politique du mouvement ouvrier africain )". Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100052.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe African trade union movement is not a well-known one, and it does not interest the western observers. After decolonization, the trade union movement is nationalized while the new states are politically "Balkanized". The national trade unions then born are forced to link with one-party-systems, edged out or merely outlawed by the latters. Trade unions still concern a too weak number of the African working peoples. They are the pictures of an underdeveloped continent, which tries hardly to rebuild its identity. The present thesis aiming at a political science investigation, also deal, throughout the economic action of colonial African workers, with the unionism importance in the political life. It tries to show their main political role in the decolonization process, and its authentic meaning nowadays. The investigation goes from a case study of eight French speaking countries of West Africa. From that point, it analyses the trade union movement continental expression: panafrican trade union movement. The investigation ends by futurologic thoughts, from the topical occurrences, on the potentialities of a political democracy in Africa, and on what would be the rank and the importance of trade unions in such a long-term perspective
Kissiedou, Kacou Vincent. "Curricula et construction du savoir historique scolaire en Côte d'Ivoire de 1977 à 2002 : cas des relations internationales contemporaines". Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20003.
Pełny tekst źródłaCurricula and construction of the school historical knowledge in Ivory Coast from 1977 from 2002: A case study of the contemporary international relations is the topic of this dissertation in the didactics of history. Didactics is the science of the teaching and the learning of specific contents. The contemporary international relations (CIR) are included in the training curricula of primary and secondary educations in Cote d'Ivoire. The CIR is involved today in a fulgurating development with globalisation. Subjects such as terrorism, human rights, imperialism or new imperialism do not leave any State indifferent. Therefore, the preparation of future citizens to face, with responsibility, these subjects by the learning of CIR in schools proves more than necessary. However the interdisciplinarity and the complexity of the CIR raise major difficulties of didactic transposition or rather of didactic reconstruction. The comprehension of dialectical in which the CIR find their base and their substance is far from being obvious for young learners: to make coexist national rights and universal rights, sovereignty and right of humanistic interference qualified certain time as new imperialism. What are the characteristics and the didactic strategies used in the learning of CIR in the schools of Cote d'Ivoire? The results of the method of qualitative analysis and the critical reflexion of the reflective practitioner arrive at the conclusion that the construction mode of the school historical knowledge in Cote d'Ivoire does not serve the appropriation of the contents as regards CIR
Deschaux-Dutard, Delphine. "De l'Eurocorps à une armée européenne ? : pour une sociologie historique européenne de sécurité et de défense (1991-2007)". Grenoble 2, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349871.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation deals with the construction, practices and legitimating uses of the European Security and Defence Policy since the 1990's. First we study the genesis of the European defence policy taking into account short-term factors opening a policy window (the end of the Cold War, the Balkan conflicts, NATO's reform) as well as structural factors, in this case the socializing framework of the French-German military cooperation. We demonstrate the political entrepreneurship of Mitterrand and Kohl seizing this policy window. They were later taken over by the diplomatic services of the EU states. Secondly we analyze the construction of the European defence policy as a specific social figuration within the EU framework. This new social figuration, relying on proper organs and on intergovernmentalism, interplays with the national defence figurations structured in time, modifying the interdependence games between the capitals and Brussels, and between the main actors groups (in this case officers, diplomats and defence civil servants). Moreover this ESDP figuration is deeply affected and modelled by the weight of the socialization of theses actors on a threefold level : national, professional and institutional. These several socialization weigh on the way theses actors daily practice and conceive the European defence policy. Indeed this new social space is invested on different ways by each categories of actors (military and diplomatic/civilian). Last but not least, the national security cultures are still very pregnant and go on framing ESDP in different ways according to the security representations of each state. This raises legitimating questions for this policy. Eventually European Security and Defence Policy does not aim at building a Euro-army, but fulfils latent functions as a political and symbolic substitute for European security action in the world. These latent functions appear to be at least as important as, if not more than, its manifest functions of reactivity to crisis. Thus ESDP aims at helping construct politically an international role for the EU in security matters
Lévêque, François. "Les relations franco-soviétiques pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale : de la défaite à l'alliance (1939-1945) (étude historique d'après les archives du quai d'Orsay)". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010627.
Pełny tekst źródła1) first section : 1939-1941. The anti-soviet politics of the french leaders : motivations, failures,. . . Attitudes of french and soviet leaders towards european instability resulting from the defeat of france in 1940. 2) second section : 1940-1945. Ussr ands the comeback of france : conditions of moscow's support for de gaulle's policy. Position of france during the comeback of the ussr in europe
Coudray, Pierre Louis. "Mourir à la guerre, survivre à la paix : les militaires irlandais au service de la France au XVIIIe siècle, une reconstruction historique". Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H010/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD is a chronological study of the military presence of Irishmen in Franceunder the Ancien Regime linked to an analysis of the myth surrounding the Irish Brigade in the18th century. Based on primary sources, some of which have been hitherto unpublished, the firstfour chapters propose an historical framework of the Irish military community and thesometimes difficult but progressive acculturation of its members. The first chapter focuses onthe writings of the French elite as well as popular literature from England about the Irish in the“War of the three kings”, while the second one is about the image of the Irish soldiers in thepress on both sides of the Channel during the same period. The third one explains how thesemen came to be recognised by their peers as a valuable unit in the French royal army and thefourth one explores the tactics used by Irish militarymen and their families to integrate intoFrench society. These two chapters also show the gradual decline of the actual presence ofIrishmen within the ranks of the Brigade. The question of the memory attached to the battle ofFontenoy is at the very core of the fifth and sixth chapters where the part played by Irishmenon the 11th of May 1745 is minutely studied. The birth of a distinct Irish military identity in19th century writings is also discussed. The study focuses on 18th century sources for the fifthchapter and 19th century sources from France, England and Ireland for the sixth
Schmidt, Wilson. "La relation entre le système productif et l'organisation de la recherche agricole au Brésil : une approche historique". Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030120.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe relationship between research activities and production activities is commonly introduced as a result from a rationa approach previously defined. According to this point of view, there is a tight and an one-direction link between science technique in one part, and scientific policy and production policy in the other part. Efforts engaged in research would more or less quickly, lead to improvement of economic efficiency. It is thus assumed a somewhat <> between dynamics of the scientific system and that one of production system. This work is an analysis of long-term relationships (1840-1990) between agricultural research and production systems in brazil. It aims at to show that there was seldom <> between the analysed evolutions, which were neither simple reciprocal. As examples of our proposition, we have favoured the analysis of three great periods that have been critical the brazilian agriculture change : 1830-1930 : legacy of colonial agriculture and appearance of a research devoted to se an image of modernity; - 1930-1967 : model based on local resources and research implemented towards national agricultural development; - 1967-1990 : research and production integrated within the scheme of international division o work : agricultural research under the constraints of the new model favouring agricultural exportations. For each of the periods, analysis is associated with the special cases of singular crops : namely coffee, cotton and soybean. We show that wholly speaking <> between scientific and production spheres is a consequence of selected economic growth models as well as functions devoted to agriculture. <> and <> are explored by the ga between capacity of knowledge production by the national scientific system and capacity (or willingness) of knowledge us by technical and production systems. Particular emphasis is put on differented rhythms of evolution of both scientific production <>
Kosanic, Zoran. "La désagrégation de la fédération yougoslave 1988-1992 : historique et analyse". Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040169.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research, which deals with the dissolution of the Yugoslav Federation during the critical years 1988-1992, aims at reviewing the current state of information on the subject. The violent collapse of Yugoslavia needs to be put into context in order to understand the issues at stake at the time and the roles of the various national, as well as international, stakeholders. As the consequences of the conflict can still be felt today, this topic is a controversial one and there have been many interpretations that were simply given to serve political purposes. On the contrary, this is an attempt to analyse the Yugoslav tragedy from an objective and scientific perspective. A multidisciplinary approach has deliberately been applied so as to take into account the various political, economic and social interactions that led to the conflict so as to fully cover such a highly complex topic as this
Lux, Laurent. "Le rapatriement de biens culturels dans les relations musées-Amérindiens l'objet muséifié est-il le sujet d'une politique du savoir scientifique ou d'une politisation du savoir? /". Ottawa : Bibliothèque et archives Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ41955.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCissé, Babacar. "La société lébu dans sa profondeur : sociale, culturelle, économique et politique". Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080785.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur work study is developped as following : general history of the lebu, throw their journey in egypt, in the ghana empire, in mauritania and finally in senegal. The social organisation : the role of each of the members (men, women and children). Culture in lebu's society ; its representation in each domain is shown with precision. Religion in lebu's society and the way they used it for political aims by creating a ministery of justice. Political organisation : the philosophy of lebu s traditional politic and its practice under the colonialist rule and, later, in independant senegal. Contribution of the lebu in the economic development of senegal by their different occupations : fishing, agiculture, etc. . . Problem of lands and how comprehension (accord) is always maintained between lebu and both french and senegalease autorities during and after the colonisation. Finally, perspectives of the future. Here, we expose some organisations created by the lebu to assure their local promotion. The best