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1
Ville, Simon. "“Making Connections”: Insights into Relationship Marketing from the Australasian Stock and Station Agent Industry". Enterprise & Society 10, nr 3 (wrzesień 2009): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700008120.
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Relationship marketing has received little attention from business historians who have favored the study of branding, associational advertising, market research, and the role of marketing agencies, particularly in relation to modern consumer manufacturing. Although the term relationship marketing is of recent origin, we analyze its practice under a different guise, “connections,” over several centuries: we draw on the extensive archival evidence of a rural business services industry in Australia and New Zealand. Relationship marketing's emphasis upon close and enduring individual customer relationships mitigated uncertainty of performance and behaviour, on both sides of the transaction, created by a long and geographically extended supply chain. The success of these relationships contributed to the primary industry-led economic development of both nations.
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Savage, T. M. "CRUDE OIL MARKETING DEREGULATION". APPEA Journal 28, nr 1 (1988): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87031.
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The Australian Government's decision to deregulate indigenous crude oil marketing from 1 January 1988 brings to an end the period of the Government's involvement in this area of the petroleum industry. The determination of price, the development and monitoring of administrative procedures to ensure equitable allocation of indigenous crude, and the resolution of differing views between producers, refiners and marketers were all areas where Government was actively involved. While the extent of future involvement is uncertain, the policy changes put a different dimension on exploration and production efforts for all companies and on their relationship with the marketplace, both locally and overseas.The move to deregulation widens the available options for all parties - producers, refiner/ marketers and international traders. WTiile these options exist, the most probable situation in 1988 is not expected to be greatly different from that which has existed in the last couple of years. No refineries will be shut down; product imports will increase slightly but not significantly enough to affect total demand on Australian refineries. A reduced level of indigenous crude should be run to enable greater flexibility in crude/feedstock selection for optimising refinery profitability. However, at least 75 per cent of indigenous production should be continued to be absorbed within Australia with the bulk of the exports being made from Gippsland and Jabiru areas.The change in emphasis towards product excise has ensured that the Australian Government has the mechanism to sustain revenue, essentially independent of the prices obtained for indigenous crude. As such, the Government's involvement in crude oil marketing, if at all, will be significantly reduced.Factors affecting negotiations between producers and other interested parties have been explored. It is considered that, although it is highly unlikely that firm markets will have been established by early 1988, a workable set of arrangements will have been developed to ensure that crude oil production is moved. As many uncertainties will exist on the validity of these arrangements for the long term, there will be a tendency towards spot or short-term sales agreements so that the options are left open. The key pricing points are seen to be the value BP Australia is prepared to pay for Western Australia and Queensland production, at Kwinana and Brisbane respectively, and the prices being obtained by Esso/BHP for Gippsland crude in the export market.
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Sok, Phyra, Lan Snell, Wai Jin (Thomas) Lee i Keo Mony Sok. "Linking entrepreneurial orientation and small service firm performance through marketing resources and marketing capability". Journal of Service Theory and Practice 27, nr 1 (9.01.2017): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-01-2016-0001.
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Purpose The literature establishes complex relationships between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and performance, with mixed findings suggesting the variability of the magnitude of the relationship between the two. Some studies report a positive relationship, some negative, while some report an insignificant relationship between EO and performance. These conflicting findings suggest that the EO-performance relationship is more complex than a simple main-effects-only relationship. The literature offers two distinct approaches – integrating moderating or mediation variables in advancing the EO-performance relationship. The purpose of this paper is to extend current knowledge by examining underlying processes through which EO contributes to performance and the specific conditions under which this process is facilitated. Design/methodology/approach To test the hypotheses the authors chose small service firms in Australia. Industry representation included: accommodation and food services; health care services; rental, hiring and real estate services; transport, postal and warehousing; arts and recreation services; retail trade; construction and training services; and professional, scientific and technical services. The services sector offers a unique opportunity to analyze variances in entrepreneurial engagement and organizational outcomes given the competitive intensity within the service sector which requires firms to engage in venturing, renewal and innovation. The proposed hypotheses were tested through a hierarchical regression analysis. Findings This study finds the support for the mediation effect of marketing capability on the EO-performance relationship. Critically, this study also finds that marketing resources moderates on the indirect effect of EO on performance via marketing capability. The findings supporting both the mediation and moderation effects of marketing capability and marketing resources on the EO-performance relationship (moderated mediation model) suggests that greater insight into how EO influences small service firm performance can be achieved through considering in combination with other firm-level constructs (marketing capability and marketing resources in this study). Originality/value It addresses the call by prior studies to link the EO construct to theory by embedding marketing resources and marketing capabilities in the EO-performance relationship. Importantly, by accounting for both mediation and moderation effects the authors provide a more complete picture of the EO-performance relationship that highlights the mediating role of marketing capability and the moderating role of marketing resources. This approach helps to reconcile the critical but separate directions proposed by prior studies in advancing the EO-performance relationship.
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Hall, C. Michael. "The Closer Economic Relationship Between Australia and New Zealand:". Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 3, nr 1 (4.04.1994): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j073v03n01_09.
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Levin, Elizabeth, Thu Nguyen Quach i Park Thaichon. "Enhancing client-agency relationship quality in the advertising industry – an application of project management". Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, nr 2 (4.03.2019): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-08-2017-0186.
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Purpose This paper aims to determine the dimensions of service quality of advertising agencies and their effects on relationship quality between an advertising agency and their clients through the social and economic exchange. Design/methodology/approach The intention was to target firms which use the services of an advertising or marketing solutions agency; hence, participants were recruited from a business database service providing details for key decision makers in Australia and New Zealand. An online survey was used in this study. Findings Creative competence, project management processes and project outcome influenced relationship quality through value and interpersonal relationships. However, only creativity had a significant direct relationship with relationship quality. Practical implications Although creativity plays a major role in relationship development, agencies must have efficient and effective project management processes in place to ensure successful project completion within timeline and budget to be able to maintain ongoing relationships with their clients. Originality/value The research draws upon literature from three key disciplines, service quality, relationship marketing and project management, to address the gaps in the current literature related to customer relationship management in the B2B client–agency context.
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Hussain, Syed Ibrar, i Ranga Chimhundu. "Effects of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Purchase Intention in the Retail Sector of Australia". Journal of Business and Management Studies 5, nr 1 (23.01.2023): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2023.5.1.8.
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This research aims to determine how social media marketing affects consumer purchase intent in Australia's retail industry. The study's main goal is to see if social media marketing impacts customer purchase intent and brand equity as a moderator between dependent and independent variables. The data comes from Austria's retail sector and is based on five cities: Sydney, Perth, Melbourne, Brisbane, and Adelaide. By utilizing social media channels in the implementation of the survey strategy, a survey questionnaire with a size of 385 valid responses is made available to a targeted audience of the retail industry in Australia. The mixed methodologies research with a cross-sectional time horizon and a deductive research strategy for this study is used. The study's findings show that social media positively correlates with consumer purchase intention, and brand equity moderates the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, as evidenced by correlation, regression, and exploratory factor analysis.
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Bailey, Matthew. "Written testimony, oral history and retail environments". Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 7, nr 3 (17.08.2015): 356–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-10-2014-0032.
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Purpose – This paper aims to join a growing movement in marketing history to include the voices of consumers in historical research on retail environments. It aims to show that consumer perspectives offer new insights to the emergence and reception of large-scale, pre-planned shopping centers in Australia during the 1960s, and allow one to write a history of this retail form from below, in contrast to the top-down approach that is characteristic of the broader literature on shopping mall development. Design/methodology/approach – Written testimonies by consumers were gathered using a qualitative online questionnaire. The methodology is related to oral history, in that it seeks to capture the subjective experiences of participants, has the capacity to create new archives, to fill or explain gaps in existing repositories and provide a voice to those frequently lost to the historical record. Findings – The written testimonies gathered for this project provide an important contribution to the understanding of shopping centers in Australia and, particularly Sydney, during the 1960s, the ways that they were envisaged and used and insights into their reception and success. Research limitations/implications – As with oral history, written testimony has limitations as a methodology due to its reliance on memory, requiring both sophisticated and cautious readings of the data. Originality/value – The methodology used in this paper is unique in this context and provides new understandings of Australian retail property development. For current marketers, the historically constituted relationship between people and place offers potential for community targeted promotional campaigns.
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Liyanaarachchi, Gajendra, Sameer Deshpande i Scott Weaven. "Online banking and privacy: redesigning sales strategy through social exchange". International Journal of Bank Marketing 39, nr 6 (24.06.2021): 955–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-05-2020-0278.
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PurposeThis paper advocates for banks to understand customers' online privacy concerns, use those insights to segment consumers and design tailored sales strategies to build a mutual relationship through a social exchange that produces a competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative study involving 30 in-depth interviews with Australian and Asian millennials residing in Australia was conducted using a grounded theory approach to explore privacy concerns of online banking and determine the efficacy of their banks' existing sales strategy and practice.FindingsThe study revealed differences in customer perceptions of trust, confidence, responsibility and exchange. Adopting a power-dependency paradigm within a social exchange theoretical framework and power distance belief of national culture theory, the authors identified four consumer segments: exemplar, empiric, elevator and exponent. The authors propose a tailored consumer-centered sales strategy of communication, control, consolidation and collaboration.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the research in services marketing, sales strategy and banking in three ways: first, the authors demonstrate the importance of the social exchange theory and national culture as a premise to develop a competitive advantage; second, the authors propose an innovative set of consumer segments in regards to online privacy concerns; and, third, the authors introduce four sales strategies tailored to each of the four segments.
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Mavondo, Felix T., i Elaine M. Rodrigo. "The effect of relationship dimensions on interpersonal and interorganizational commitment in organizations conducting business between Australia and China". Journal of Business Research 52, nr 2 (maj 2001): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(99)00064-8.
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Liesch, Peter W., i Elizabeth J. Wilson. "Business-to-business relationship architecture and networks among Australia, New Zealand, and Asian firms: introduction to the special issue". Journal of Business Research 58, nr 2 (luty 2005): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(02)00491-5.
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Sloan, Garth, i Bruno Courme. "Why partner with a major oil and gas company for unconventional resources ventures in Australia?" APPEA Journal 52, nr 2 (2012): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11061.
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With the increased activity in exploiting unconventional resources (CSG, shale gas, and shale oil) during the past few years in Australia, it has become increasingly common to see partnerships develop between small- and mid-cap Australian companies and major companies from the international oil and gas industry. Unconventional plays are usually large in areal extent and complex to interpret and develop; it becomes a daunting task for the smaller partner to progress alone. Some obscure benefits of this relationship can help the smaller Australian partner. The obvious advantages brought to the table by the major companies: Finance to fund projects and to give them credibility. Project management skills: critical skills are expensive and hard to find. Complete range of competencies in exploration, development, midstream, marketing, and product manufacturing. Existing business relationships: long-term supplier relationships and global purchasing power. Familiarity and experience of working in unconventional reservoirs. The obscure benefits that the major companies bring to the table: A highly trained unconventional resources team who know what data to gather and how to gather and interpret it correctly. Proprietary laboratories with highly trained personnel and advanced equipment. Large research and development teams who study technology and methodology changes. Well-vetted HSE programs with qualified teams. A public relations team to deal with public acceptance, education, and communications. The combined benefits are highly beneficial to the project.
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Ireland, Robin, Stephanie Chambers i Christopher Bunn. "Exploring the relationship between Big Food corporations and professional sports clubs: a scoping review". Public Health Nutrition 22, nr 10 (2.04.2019): 1888–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000545.
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AbstractObjectiveProfessional sport occupies a prominent cultural position in societies across the globe and commercial organisations make use of this to promote their products. The present scoping review explores existing academic literature on the relationship between professional sports clubs and food and drink marketing and considers how this relationship may impact upon the public’s health.DesignThe scoping review searched six databases. Experts were also consulted. Records written in languages other than English were excluded. We also excluded records relating to mega events (e.g. Olympics, Football World Cup) and alcohol marketing, because of the attention already given to these.SettingProfessional sports clubs.ResultsWe identified 18 166 titles, reviewed 163 abstracts and read twenty-six full texts. We included six papers in the review. Four were from Australia and New Zealand. The Australasian literature focused largely on the marketing of foods and beverages to children and the potential impact on consumption. Single papers from researchers in Turkey and the USA were identified. The Turkish paper analysed shirt sponsorship in football leagues internationally and showed food and beverage (including alcohol) companies were the most common sponsors. The US paper examined a mixed reaction to a football team named after an energy drink.ConclusionsCommercial relationships between professional sports clubs and Big Food corporations have largely eluded scrutiny in much of the world. The current review highlights the lack of public health research on these relationships. Research exploring the interdependent commercial practices of food and drink companies and professional sports clubs is urgently needed.
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Casidy, Riza, i Yelena Tsarenko. "Perceived benefits and church participation". Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 26, nr 5 (4.11.2014): 761–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-04-2014-0055.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between perceived benefits and church participation among regular and irregular church goers (ICG). Design/methodology/approach – The research incorporates a descriptive research design. In total, 564 questionnaires were completed by active and relapsed members of churches in Australia. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between constructs. Findings – This study provides empirical evidence that perceived spiritual and social benefits have a positive and significant relationship with church participation in both regular and ICG sample group. Perceived purpose-in-life (PIL) benefits are not related to church participation in both sample groups. Practical implications – The findings may guide leaders of religious organisations to understand the importance of spiritual and social benefits in attracting prospective church members. The marketing message of religious organisation should therefore focus on spiritual and social appeals. Originality/value – Past researchers have not looked into the dynamic relationships between perceived benefits and church participation among regular and irregular church members, particularly in Australia, hence research is to be called for in this area. The study provides a further empirical support for the importance of social benefits within the church settings.
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Pang, Bo, i Krzysztof Kubacki. "The four Es of social marketing: ethicality, expensiveness, exaggeration and effectiveness". Journal of Social Marketing 5, nr 1 (5.01.2015): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-01-2014-0008.
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Purpose – This study aims to contribute to the existing social marketing literature by considering young adults’ views and perceptions about social marketing and social marketing campaigns in the context of alcohol consumption. Design/methodology/approach – Eighteen interviews were conducted with young adults aged 25-30 years in Australia and the USA. Biographical interviews were used to collect information on individuals’ drinking histories and how their attitudes towards social marketing campaigns have formed during their lives. Findings – Four main themes emerge in the study, namely, ethicality (freedom of choice), expensiveness, exaggeration and effectiveness. These four issues represent the main barriers and challenges for social marketers. Future research needs to explore the relationship between the attitudes of the target audience towards social marketing, and the actual effectiveness of social marketing campaigns. Research limitations/implications – This is an exploratory study that is limited by its context, sample size and participants’ demographical characteristics. Originality/value – This study provides empirical evidence behind challenges and barriers facing social marketing identified by Andreasen (2002).
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White, Leanne. "“It’s time”: revolution and evolution in Australian political advertising". Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 8, nr 3 (15.08.2016): 375–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-08-2015-0034.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine two significant political advertising campaigns which used the “It’s Time” slogan and to reflect on how these related to official, popular and commercial nationalism in Australia. The paper is primarily concerned with two main issues: identifying and examining the variety of images of Australia in two key television advertisements, and exploring the methods by which advertising agencies created positive images of Australia and Australians in the two campaigns. It specifically highlights the significance of the “It’s Time” campaign, which is relevant for scholars and advertisers seeking to understand effective political communication. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines television advertisements by using semiotics as the principal methodology. The research methodology devised for the advertisements consists of two main components: a shot combination analysis, also known as a shot-by-shot analysis, and a semiological reading of the visual and acoustic channels of the advertisement. Findings This paper examines the use of commercial nationalism in television advertising. As one of many social and cultural influences, advertisements assist the individual in understanding their notion of themselves and their relationship with the wider community – be it local, national, regional or global. The primary focus of this research is the phenomenon of commercial nationalism – the adoption of national signifiers in the marketplace. However, by examining the more general discourse on nationalism, particularly the voice of official nationalism – the promotion of nationalism by the nation-state (or those aspiring to power), the symbiotic relationship between these two complementary brands of nationalism is explored. Originality/value The methodology adopted for analysing the two political advertising campaigns offers conceptual and practical value. It provides a consistent set of terms and concepts for further research to build upon. The paper provides insights for the marketing or examination of advertising campaigns. The paper demonstrates the power of market research to inform a framing strategy for a political campaign. The paper contributes to the body of knowledge in this area and thus society’s understanding of these important periods in the nation’s history. In particular, the paper provides an exploration into the “It’s Time” campaign and how it mobilised a broader cultural awakening to engineer success at the ballot box in 1972. The two case studies examined in this paper are relevant to political scientists and media and communication scholars.
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Banik, Shanta, Yongqiang Gao i Fazlul K. Rabbanee. "Status demotion in hierarchical loyalty programs and customers’ revenge and avoidance intentions". European Journal of Marketing 56, nr 1 (25.10.2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-12-2019-0884.
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Purpose Status demotion in hierarchical loyalty programs (HLPs) has received considerable academic attention. However, little is known about whether status demotion engenders two widely recognised behavioural intentions: revenge and avoidance. This study aims to make up this gap by examining the effects of status demotion on customers’ revenge and avoidance intentions. The underlying mechanism and boundary conditions of these effects are also explored. Design/methodology/approach Two studies were conducted to test the hypotheses. Study 1 was conducted using a structured survey from 347 active HLP members/customers of Chinese airlines. Study 2 used an online experiment amongst 268 active HLP airline customers in Australia. Partial least squares-based structural equation modelling and Hayes’ (2013) PROCESS macro were used for data analysis. Findings The results of Study 1 show that status demotion increases customers’ revenge and avoidance intentions simultaneously. Meanwhile, these effects are more significant for demoted customers with an external locus of causality than those with an internal locus of causality and demoted customers with higher entitlement tend to possess more revenge intentions than avoidance intentions. Study 2 further identified perceived inequity as a mechanism, which links status demotion to revenge and avoidance intentions of demoted customers. Research limitations/implications This study examines demoted customers’ revenge and avoidance intentions amongst Chinese and Australian airline travellers. Future research may focus on actual behaviour and test the current study’s model in cross-cultural and cross-industry settings. Practical implications Managers should deal with demotion decisions carefully as the failure to manage outraged customers may weaken customer-company relationships. Originality/value This study extends the existing literature on relationship marketing and HLPs by offering a better understanding of how and under what conditions status demotion elicits customers’ intentions for revenge and avoidance.
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Tanima, Farzana Aman, i Ken Bates. "The incidence and perceived managerial merit of customer accounting in New Zealand". Pacific Accounting Review 27, nr 4 (2.11.2015): 466–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-05-2013-0049.
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Purpose – Two prior survey papers on the use and perceived merit of customer accounting (CA) practices, one in Australia and one in New Zealand (NZ), disclosed contrasting results with confusing elements. The purpose of this paper is to replicate and extend previous survey research in order to update and clarify our understanding of CA practices in NZ. Design/methodology/approach – Within a contingency theory framework, a mail questionnaire survey is used to measure the use and perceived merit of CA practices in NZ and investigate their relationship with six contingent factors: competitive strategy, market orientation, environmental uncertainty, costing methodology, company size and industrial sector. Findings – Mean CA usage and perceived merit scores in NZ in 2009 are much higher than was found in NZ in 2007 and similar to those found in Australia in 2002. A significant gulf between usage rates of historical and forward-looking CA measures is now found in NZ. There is strong evidence for a positive contingent relationship between the marketing concept of marketing management and both the use and perceived merit of historical CA measures. Also found is a significant positive relationship between the customer concept of marketing management and the use and perceived merit of customer profitability analysis at the individual customer level. Research limitations/implications – The survey method used prevents follow-up questions and clarification of ambiguities, but the survey results do provide new insights and potential avenues for further research. Originality/value – This survey provides researchers, teachers and firms using or considering using CA practices, with an improved understanding of current usage and perceived merit of CA practices in NZ companies.
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Neupane, Saugat, Ranga Chimhundu i K. C. Chan. "Cultural values affect functional food perception". British Food Journal 121, nr 8 (5.08.2019): 1700–1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2019-0178.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between consumers’ cultural values and their functional food perception. Design/methodology/approach The research is qualitative in nature and uses the grounded theory method. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with three ethnic groups, Anglo-Australian, Chinese and Indian ethnic groups in Australia. The constant comparative data analysis approach was used to analyse the interview text. Findings The results indicate that there is a relationship between consumers’ cultural values and their functional food perception. Functional food perception depends upon the consumers’ predisposition towards their culture, their motives for functional food consumption and the level of perseverance towards functional foods. Research limitations/implications The study includes only three ethnic groups and is qualitative in nature, which may limit its generalisability to the universe. The inclusion of more ethnic groups and additional sources of data could form directions for future research. Practical implications Functional food marketers can assess the kind of cultural values the ethnic groups in Australia uphold and capture those values in their marketing strategies. The cultural values in the framework could be used for the segmentation of functional food consumers. In a multicultural setting like Australia, segmentation of consumers based on the standard values would be more feasible and effective to target consumers spread across different ethnic groups but who uphold similar values. Originality/value The research has attempted to fill the gap in the existing literature about the relationship between culture and functional food perception. The latent variables in the theoretical framework proposed by the qualitative enquiry can be a good starting point for understanding the influence of cultural values on functional food perception and the development of a more comprehensive theoretical framework for functional food behaviour.
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Grace, Debra, Ceridwyn King i Joseph Lo Iacono. "Workplace relationship cohesion: an internal customers’ perspective". Journal of Service Theory and Practice 27, nr 1 (9.01.2017): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-07-2015-0175.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the differential effect of reciprocal and negotiated social exchanges in establishing workplace relationship cohesion, providing a mediating influence between social constructed initiatives (i.e. internal socialization and support) and internal customers’ psychological connectedness. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered via a national online survey of service employees in Australia, representing a diverse range of service industries (e.g. retail (food/non-food), health, financial, administrative support, real estate, household, insurance, education and training, etc.). Findings Reciprocal-exchange relationship quality fully mediates the relationship between internal socialization and psychological connectedness; and negotiated-exchange relationship quality partially mediates the relationship between internal support and psychological connectedness of internal customers. Research limitations/implications While the findings reported herein support the salience of interpersonal relationship quality enhancing the internal performance of the organization, it is essential to consider how the findings link to externally perceived performance (i.e. from the customer’s perspective). Future research is guided by a framework that the authors propose as a result of the study’s findings to facilitate research in this under-researched area. Practical implications The development of sound socially relevant internal marketing strategies is vital to the long-term health and prosperity of the firm and its internal counterparts necessitating a move beyond transactional internal marketing, reflecting “pay for service” organizational thinking. Originality/value The examination of internal relationship cohesion and how this effects internal customers’ allegiance to their organizations addresses an important research gap and, thus, provides a significant contribution to both theory and practice.
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Backhouse, Kim, i Mark Wickham. "Exploring the link between corporate governance and innovative capacity in the Australian superannuation industry". Corporate Ownership and Control 14, nr 4 (2017): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i4art3.
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In a large-scale single industry case study, insights are provided into corporate governance factors affecting innovative capacity in the superannuation industry in Australia. Analysis of the data indicated that the major corporate governance factors driving innovation in the industry included: ‘possessing a progressive organisational culture’, ‘emphasis on marketing-orientation’, and ‘engaging in co-opetition’. Similarly, the data indicated that the major corporate governance factors inhibiting innovation included: ‘possessing a conservative/risk-averse organisational culture’, ‘unwillingness to deviate from a strict interpretation of regulation’, ‘emphasis on a profit-orientation’, and ‘the absence of any formalised innovation processes within the firm’. These findings are used to develop a ‘theory of innovation’ link between corporate governance approaches and innovative capacity in the Australian superannuation industry. Although this study is limited in its scope, it does represent an initial exploration of the critical relationship that exists between Board-level functions and the ability of a superannuation firm to innovate in the Australian context.
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Dapiran, G. Peter, i Sandra Hogarth‐Scott. "Are co‐operation and trust being confused with power? An analysis of food retailing in Australia and the UK". International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 31, nr 5 (1.05.2003): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590550310472424.
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Category management has been promoted as a mechanism to achieve closer working relations between suppliers and retailers. The premise has been that category management should result in a reduced reliance on the use of power as an element of the relationship and increased levels of cooperation. However, power is an element of any relationship and exists even when not activated. Further, the premise rests on the notion that cooperation is a polar opposite of power. This research confirms that food industry managers perceive the use of power in solely negative terms. Power can be defined operationally as the ability of one channel member to influence the marketing decisions of another channel member and hence must be related to cooperation. This paper reviews the nature of dependence, power and cooperation and explores the role of these constructs in the practice of category management. The results of continuing research in the area of category management relationships are reported.
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Jiang, Yangyang. "A Cognitive Appraisal Process of Customer Delight: The Moderating Effect of Place Identity". Journal of Travel Research 59, nr 6 (19.09.2019): 1029–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519872827.
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This study aims to empirically examine an integrative model centered on customer delight drawing from cognitive appraisal theory and place identity theory. A self-completed survey administered in English at three tourism destinations in Australia (Phillip Island, Great Ocean Road, and Sovereign Hill) generated 457 valid responses. The results show that authenticity and employee helpfulness are positively associated with customer delight, which in turn, positively affects the positive word-of-mouth (PWOM) intention. Customer delight is a principal mechanism that transmits the influence of authenticity and employee helpfulness to PWOM. In addition, place identity moderates the relationship between customer delight and PWOM such that the higher the place identity, the weaker is the relationship between customer delight and PWOM. The findings advance the current theorizations on several fronts and offer managerial implications for destination marketing practice in terms of customer experience management, marketing communications, and customer service.
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Piggford, Tegan, Maria Raciti, Debra Harker i Michael Harker. "The Influence of Residence on Young Adult Attitudes toward Healthy Eating". Social Marketing Quarterly 14, nr 2 (27.05.2008): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000802034689.
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Like other Western countries, Australia too reports record numbers of overweight and obese individuals with young Australian adults in a particularly high-risk position. It is suspected that the transition from dependent living in the family home to independent living during young adulthood influences food choice. As such, this study sought to investigate if attitudes toward healthy eating varied by the place of residence (dependent or independent) of these young adults. Using a self-administered questionnaire, quantitative data from 310 Australians between the ages of 18 to 24 years found that young adults who lived independently displayed a significantly more positive attitude toward healthy eating than those who remained in the family home. Furthermore, we found that a significant, positive relationship between attitude toward healthy eating and the number of recommended serves consumed in both independent and dependent living arrangements. Being an unexplored area, these findings are novel and provide valuable insights for the implementation of an inducement process for planned social change as well as informing the education and motivation elements of intervention strategies.
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Pande, Vivek. "A comparative study of reciprocity in international physician licensing". International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 8, nr 3 (26.08.2014): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-06-2014-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the international mobility of physicians by comparing the regulations governing the practice of foreign physicians in the USA and eight other countries. Design/methodology/approach – This is a comparative study of the regulations governing the practice of foreign physicians in eight countries: China, India, the Philippines, the UK, Germany, Denmark, Israel and Australia. Their requirements are then contrasted with the USA’s requirements for foreign physician licensure to evaluate the extent of reciprocity among these countries. We conclude the paper by outlining some recommendations to increase the international mobility of physicians in the future. Findings – The results indicate that licensure for US physicians to practice in the nations above ranges from impossible (India), to difficult (China), to moderately difficult (the UK, Germany and Denmark), to easy and completely reciprocal (Australia, Israel and the Philippines). Originality/value – The results and recommendations in this study are a valuable starting point for further research and policy changes that will ensure a more reciprocal relationship between the USA and other countries, in terms of opportunities for international medical practice.
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Ramaseshan, B., i Robyn Ouschan. "Investigating status demotion in hierarchical loyalty programs". Journal of Services Marketing 31, nr 6 (11.09.2017): 650–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-11-2016-0377.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend research on customer loyalty status and customer demotion by investigating if the effect of demotion on customer attitudinal and behavioral responses is the same for top-tier and low-tier customers in the context of airlines. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted with travelers intercepted at large airport terminals in Australia. Multivariate analyses examined group differences across status change (no change vs demoted) and status level (high status vs low status). Multi-group moderation structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis tested the moderating role of status (high status vs low status) on the effects of demotion on the relationship between customers’ attitudes and loyalty intention, and between loyalty intention and share of wallet. Findings This study shows that the detrimental effects of demotion on the relationship between customer satisfaction/commitment/perceived betrayal on loyalty intentions, and on the relationship between loyalty intentions and share of wallet are stronger for “high status” than “low status” customers. Research limitations/implications A cross-sectional design was employed to investigate customer demotion in the airline industry. Future studies could investigate different types of demotions in other industries by employing a longitudinal design. Practical implications The study provides new insight about the effects of status demotion and highlights that service firms could be jeopardizing the loyalty of numerous valuable customers, especially among the “high status” customer group. Originality/value This study reveals loyalty status moderates the effect of demotion on customer attitudinal responses and loyalty behaviors. It draws on social identity, social comparison, emotion and equity theories to explain the different effects of demotion on customers from different status level groups.
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Summers, Jane, Rumman Hassan, Derek Ong i Munir Hossain. "Australian Muslim women and fitness choices – myths debunked". Journal of Services Marketing 32, nr 5 (13.08.2018): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-07-2017-0261.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to better understand the underrepresentation of Muslim women living in Australia in physical activity and in group-fitness classes in particular. The authors contend that the Australian fitness industry has ignored the needs of this group through stereotypical islamophobic views focusing on religious dictates as the prime barrier for participation of this group. This study debunks this myth showing that motivations for exercise are complex and multi-faceted. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted interviews and a focus group with 27 Muslim women living in Australia. Through this method, the authors explored the role of religiosity and national culture in attitudes towards participation in exercise, gym attendance and group fitness classes. Findings The authors confirmed that while religion impacted the form and place of exercise options, it did not impact the overall motivation to engage in exercise. This study found that group-fitness classes offered by gyms did not particularly appeal to this group of women, partially due to their religion (this form of exercise being too aggressive and immodest) and partially due to their ethnic background. Exercise options that were more social were favoured. The authors found that notions of femininity and culturally embedded expectations for the role of women were more powerful predictors of exercise engagement and choice of exercise type. Research limitations/implications This research is exploratory in nature and as such its findings are restricted to the small sample. To extend this study’s implications, a larger empirical study should be conducted and needs to also consider the intersection between national culture and religiosity on decision-making. Practical implications This study has practical implications for the fitness industry attempting to attractive new markets in a multi-cultural population. To attract Muslim women, gyms and fitness centres need to consider providing appropriate areas for women to exercise that allow them to maintain their modesty. To attract this segment, fitness products that are focused on a holistic approach to wellness and highlight opportunities for social interaction should be developed. Focusing on this group as a market segment needs to include a broader contextualisation of their lifestyles and individual situations and should not just focus on their religion. Social implications The requirements of the Muslim religion for women to adopt conservative dress and to avoid contact with men do hinder their ability and also their desire to exercise to maintain a healthy mind and body. Many of these women would like to exercise but find it difficult to find the right settings and form of exercise that suits their needs. Engaging in exercise with others is also an important way for these women to integrate into their communities and to assimilate with the national culture. Originality/value This research is original in that it is one of the first to explore attitudes of Muslim women towards exercise and group-fitness classes in Australia. In particular, it includes an examination of the impact of religiosity on motivations and attitudes towards fitness and is the first to consider the relationship between religion, ethnic background and notions of femininity in the context of fitness. The influence of religiosity is an area heavily impacted by cultural bias and stereotyping, and it is therefore important for a deeper understanding of this issue in the services domain.
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Balmer, John M. T. "Advances in corporate brand, corporate heritage, corporate identity and corporate marketing scholarship". European Journal of Marketing 51, nr 9/10 (12.09.2017): 1462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-07-2017-0447.
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Purpose This article introduces the special symposium entitled “Advances in corporate brand, corporate heritage, corporate identity and corporate marketing scholarship” and provide a synopsis of the five articles constituting this symposium. By means of context, this article celebrates the anniversaries of four marketing milestones apropos the formal introduction of the corporate brand concept (1995), the formal introduction of the corporate heritage notion (2006), the first special edition (in this journal) devoted to corporate identity (1997) and the formal introduction of the corporate marketing philosophical approach (1998). The latter – corporate marketing – can be viewed as a revolution in marketing thought by noting that mutually beneficial company–stakeholder relationship can be based on corporate identities and corporate brands are not restricted to products and/or services. Design/methodology/approach Taking a retrospective, this paper explains the four marketing milestones detailed above and notes the revolutionary notion of corporate marketing. All of the aforementioned have meaningfully advanced marketing scholarship over the last 20 years. Findings This study provides 18 reflections of developments with the corporate brand and corporate identity fields. It also shows the seminal importance of European Journal of Marketing (EJM) special editions on the territory dating back to 1997. Practical implication This paper discusses how corporate identity, corporate branding, corporate heritage, corporate identity and corporate marketing have, increasingly, become mainstream marketing concerns. Originality/value In marking these milestones, this celebratory EJM symposium comprises cutting-edge scholarship on the aforementioned areas, penned by renowned and prominent scholars from Australia, England, Germany and the USA.
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Nathan, Andrea, Lisa Wood i Billie Giles-Corti. "Selling New Neighborhoods as Good for Walking: Issues for Measuring Self-Selection". Journal of Physical Activity and Health 10, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.1.5.
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Background:Self-selection—whether individuals inclined to walk more seek to live in walkable environments—must be accounted for when studying built environment influences on walking. The way neighborhoods are marketed to future residents has the potential to sway residential location choice, and may consequently affect measures of self-selection related to location preferences. We assessed how walking opportunities are promoted to potential buyers, by examining walkability attributes in marketing materials for housing developments.Methods:A content analysis of marketing materials for 32 new housing developments in Perth, Australia was undertaken, to assess how walking was promoted in the text and pictures. Housing developments designed to be pedestrian-friendly (LDs) were compared with conventional developments (CDs).Results:Compared with CDs, LD marketing materials had significantly more references to ‘public transport,’ ‘small home sites,’ ‘walkable parks/open space,’ ‘ease of cycling,’ ‘safe environment,’ and ‘boardwalks.’ Other walk-ability attributes approached significance.Conclusion:Findings suggest the way neighborhoods are marketed may contribute to self-reported reasons for choosing particular neighborhoods, especially when attributes are not present at the time of purchase. The marketing of housing developments may be an important factor to consider when measuring self-selection, and its influence on the built environment and walking relationship.
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Huang, Yu-An, Chad Lin i Ian Phau. "Idol attachment and human brand loyalty". European Journal of Marketing 49, nr 7/8 (13.07.2015): 1234–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-07-2012-0416.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the importance and concept of idol attachment, model its antecedents and moderators and assess its influence on human brand loyalty. Design/methodology/approach – This paper includes two studies. In Study 1, survey questionnaires were distributed by mall intercept to quasi-random samples across Australia and Taiwan for completion and return. The return yielded 1,135 and 736 usable questionnaires, respectively, from which the data were analysed using LISREL structural equation modelling software. In Study 2, an experiment was used to examine whether idol attractiveness is likely to positively moderate the relationship between vanity traits and attachment. Findings – The results suggest that achievement vanity, variety seeking and peer norms have a positive impact on the phenomenon of idol attachment, which in turn positively affects human brand loyalty. Contradicting previous studies, the physical appearance of vanity was not found to be associated with idol attachment. However, the results of the experiment show that idol attractiveness has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between vanity traits and human brand attachment. Research limitations/implications – The findings suggest that idol attachment is more complex than previously understood. The constructs chosen in this research represent an initial step but other variables such as liking, involvement, affective commitment and brand love are not taken into account. Future research models should therefore include such variables. Practical implications – The findings contain many practical lessons for planners of marketing strategy for the music industry in an international context. Originality/value – Two existing theories of psychology are integrated with the concept of idol attachment to explain human brand loyalty in an international context.
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Haberstroh, Kristina, Ulrich R. Orth, Tatiana Bouzdine-Chameeva, Justin Cohen, Armando Maria Corsi, Roberta Crouch i Renata De Marchi. "Through the lens of self-construal". International Marketing Review 35, nr 3 (14.05.2018): 429–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-12-2015-0283.
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Purpose Extending research on cultural differences in aesthetic appreciation, the purpose of this paper is to show how a more interdependent self-construal, a cultural and individual difference variable related to one’s social self, impacts the influence of visual harmony on consumer evaluations of marketing artifacts’ attractiveness. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained via three studies from a total of 1,498 consumers in Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, and Italy. Marketing visuals included the design of products, packages, typefaces, and logos. Self-construal was both measured and manipulated. Findings The results indicate that a person’s self-construal moderates the effect of visual harmony on attractiveness. Specifically, the positive effect of visual harmony on attractiveness – through self-congruity – is more pronounced with consumers possessing a more interdependent self-construal, and with products that are more hedonic than utilitarian. Practical implications Given the pivotal role attractiveness has in influencing consumer behavior, understanding what differences, at the individual and cultural levels, impact the harmony-attractiveness relationship helps marketers to better match the visual design of marketing stimuli to target audiences. Originality/value This study is among the first to show how the social-self impacts consumer response to marketing visuals. Further, value stems from adopting a holistic perspective on design, clarifying the process mechanism, and identifying boundary conditions.
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Khan, Parvez Alam, Satirenjit Kaur Johl i Shakeb Akhtar. "Firm Sustainable Development Goals and Firm Financial Performance through the Lens of Green Innovation Practices and Reporting: A Proactive Approach". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, nr 12 (15.12.2021): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14120605.
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The current global economy demands synergy between ecological responsiveness and proactive business models. To analyze these dynamics, the objective of this study is to simultaneously investigate the effects of green innovation practices concerning the sustainable development goals (SDG) and financial performance of firms. This study also advocates for the injection of green innovation reporting into sustainable reporting for greater disclosure. Data from sixty-seven companies from five continents and the top five blue chip firms for each country are collected through content analysis, with the generalized least squares (GLS) approach used to test a causal relationship hypothesis. The results indicate mixed findings, with green product innovation showing positive relationships with returns on equity (ROE) and returns on investments (ROI). At the same time, green process innovation shows negative relationships with returns on assets (ROA) but shows a positive impact on returns on investments (ROI) and firm SDGs. In contrast, green service innovation shows an insignificant relationship with financial performance and SDGs. On the other hand, non-operational green innovation variables and green marketing positively affect returns on assets and investment, showing significant negative impacts on returns on equity. However, green organizational innovation shows an insignificant relationship with firm financial performance and SDGs. In addition, this study also shows that the Australia/New Zealand region is the leader in green innovation reporting, followed by Europe, Asia, Africa, and lastly, North America.
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Wymer, Sarah, Michael L. Naraine, Ashleigh-Jane Thompson i Andy J. Martin. "To Stream or Not to Stream? A Case of Social Media Management Within a Professional Sport Organization". Case Studies in Sport Management 9, S1 (1.01.2020): S26—S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2019-0026.
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This is a fictional case based on the actual management of a social media strategy that occurred in a professional sport organization in Queensland, Australia. The intention of the case is to explore a range of social media management themes such as live streaming, audience reach, fan engagement, and decision making as they apply to a sport organization. The case primarily focuses on social media live streaming (specifically Facebook Live) and aims to provide an understanding of live video posts in comparison with other post types (i.e., photo, video, text, and links). The case develops within the theoretical frameworks of relationship marketing, fan engagement, and social media, and is suitable for students learning about sport marketing, sport sponsorship, promotion and public relations, and other communication courses in sport management. Specifically, students are tasked with developing a range of potential strategies to support the lead character, Michael Battersby, in implementing live streaming within a social media strategy.
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Polonsky, Michael Jay, Ahmed Shahriar Ferdous, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Neil Waters i Zoe McQuilten. "Factors Leading to Health Care Exclusion Among African Refugees in Australia: The Case of Blood Donation". Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 37, nr 2 (listopad 2018): 306–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743915618813115.
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Developed countries that accept refugees are obligated, under the UN Convention for Refugees, to integrate refugees into host communities, with inclusion in the health system being pivotal. Integration programs can be difficult though, because many refugees’ home countries have different health systems, lower health literacy, and different expectations of health services. Country health system differences require cultural adaptation of host country services when designing targeted, inclusive health care programs. Using a sample of 317 Australian-based African refugees, the authors examine how refugees’ acculturation, perceptions of discrimination, past behavior, objective knowledge, and medical mistrust affect their health inclusion, depending on their blood donation intentions. The results indicate that perceived discrimination and objective blood donation knowledge directly affect donation intentions. Perceived discrimination mediates the relationships between acculturation and intentions and between medical mistrust and donation intentions, and objective knowledge mediates the relationship between past behavior and donation intentions. The authors offer recommendations to policy makers designing social inclusion programs and health service providers designing and delivering targeted initiatives, to better facilitate refugee participation in host country health systems.
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Snell, Lan, Phyra Sok i Tracey S. Danaher. "Achieving growth-quality of work life ambidexterity in small firms". Journal of Service Theory and Practice 25, nr 5 (14.09.2015): 529–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-04-2014-0064.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the individual mechanisms that mediate the relationship between marketing practices and growth-quality of work life ambidexterity. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from small service firms via an online survey questionnaire electronically distributed to 7,271 owners of small firms in Australia. Partial least squares was used to test our mediation hypotheses on the data obtained. Findings – The authors demonstrate the mediation effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and passion for work in enhancing the relationship between marketing practices and growth-quality of work life ambidexterity. Practical implications – The findings indicate that being good at marketing does not always lead directly to achieving growth-quality of work life ambidexterity. The results suggest that achievement in both domains requires owners of small service firms to have a strong self-belief that they can perform their job successfully (entrepreneurial self-efficacy) as well as a strong passion to do the job they are doing (passion for work). Policy makers or small firm advisors can include this information to develop enactive mastery measures to promote efficacy and passion for work which can increase small firm survival rates. Originality/value – The high percentage of business terminations reported without financial loss underscores the importance of including both financial and non-financial goals for small firms. The approach to conceptualize and operationalize growth-quality of work life ambidexterity as a dependent variable representing firm performance assists by providing a more detailed and practical understanding of the organizational and individual variables that enable small firms to realize both.
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Othman, Mohd Bahrin Bin, Hariz Sufi, Faridah Binti Hussain, Sarah Munirah Binti Abdullah i Kemala Binti Alang. "Re-Examining the Publicity, Advertising and Marketing of Legal Profession in Malaysia". Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, nr 10 (10.10.2021): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i10.1080.
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The legal practitioners in Malaysia are restricted from publicising, advertising and marketing themselves on the grounds of fiduciary relationship with clients, the duty to serve the public and it is professionally undignified. Despite the advancement of the Information, Communication and Technology, lawyers are restricted in utilising it for publicity, advertising and marketing. At the same time, the public is deprived of information to engage the best lawyers of their choice. Furthermore, while other countries such as European Union, United Kingdom, Singapore and Australia have moved forward, the Malaysian legal profession remains unchanged. This concept paper investigates the adequacy of the Legal Profession (Publicity) Rules 2001(“LPPR 2001”) in legalising publicity, advertising and marketing. This paper adopts a qualitative research methodology with doctrinal and comparative approaches. Firstly, this paper focuses on content analysis of statutes as the primary source of law. Secondly, content analysis on secondary sources of law including journal articles, and online sources. Thirdly, conducting a comparative study by analysing the primary and secondary sources of law in other jurisdictions. This paper explains that lawyers must be allowed to innovate into new methods in publicising, advertising and marketing themselves. Society will greatly benefit from this as they will be more informed and knowledgeable in engaging the service of lawyers of their choice. This paper ends by suggesting that there is a dire need to legalise the publicity, advertising and marketing of the legal profession in Malaysia. Thus, this research is significant to the development of the legal profession in Malaysia.
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Yigitcanlar, Tan, Nayomi Kankanamge, Massimo Regona, Andres Ruiz Maldonado, Bridget Rowan, Alex Ryu, Kevin C. Desouza, Juan M. Corchado, Rashid Mehmood i Rita Yi Man Li. "Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Related Urban Planning and Development Concepts: How Are They Perceived and Utilized in Australia?" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, nr 4 (11.12.2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040187.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful technology with an increasing popularity and applications in areas ranging from marketing to banking and finance, from agriculture to healthcare and security, from space exploration to robotics and transport, and from chatbots to artificial creativity and manufacturing. Although many of these areas closely relate to the urban context, there is limited understanding of the trending AI technologies and their application areas—or concepts—in the urban planning and development fields. Similarly, there is a knowledge gap in how the public perceives AI technologies, their application areas, and the AI-related policies and practices of our cities. This study aims to advance our understanding of the relationship between the key AI technologies (n = 15) and their key application areas (n = 16) in urban planning and development. To this end, this study examines public perceptions of how AI technologies and their application areas in urban planning and development are perceived and utilized in the testbed case study of Australian states and territories. The methodological approach of this study employs the social media analytics method, and conducts sentiment and content analyses of location-based Twitter messages (n = 11,236) from Australia. The results disclose that: (a) digital transformation, innovation, and sustainability are the most popular AI application areas in urban planning and development; (b) drones, automation, robotics, and big data are the most popular AI technologies utilized in urban planning and development, and; (c) achieving the digital transformation and sustainability of cities through the use of AI technologies—such as big data, automation and robotics—is the central community discussion topic.
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Hsueh, Fu-Jui, Ian Douglas i Rodger Robertson. "WHAT PRODUCT FACTORS ALLOW AIRLINES TO COMMAND A PRICE PREMIUM IN THE SYDNEY-LOS ANGELES MARKET?" Journal of Air Transport Studies 2, nr 2 (1.07.2011): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v2i2.101.
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Recent changes to the competitive environment in the highly contested Sydney to Los Angeles market have impacted the route profitability of almost 20 carriers. In particular the commencement of non-stop services by Delta Airlines and V Australia has mpacted route profitability of almost 20 carriers. This paper investigates the product factors that enable airlines to command a price premium the Sydney to Los Angeles market. A sample of business and economy class net fare quotes, in addition to data collected on seven product factors is used in this study to estimate the relationship between price and product. The regression results show that service quality, space, connectivity and alliance membership all have a positive influence on price in this particular market. In a practical setting, the research outcomes are particularly relevant to the areas of Airline Pricing & Yield Management, Airline Strategy, Airline Marketing and Product Planning.
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Cannizzo, Fabian, i Sara James. "Existential advertising in late modernity: Meaningful work in higher education advertisements". Journal of Sociology 56, nr 3 (wrzesień 2020): 314–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783320950821.
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The ongoing massification of higher education has entailed a changing relationship between higher education providers and students. While scholars have been quick to identify the political implications of the quasi-market model for the student-customer, there has been significantly less focus on the role that advertising plays in facilitating a student-consumer culture. This article uses an analysis of advertisements directed towards potential domestic university students in Australia to explore how the idea of a university ‘experience’ and meaningful work are discursively constructed within late modernity. Many advertisements draw on existential themes of living a meaningful, authentic or exceptional life and finding a fulfilling career, mythologising the role of the university within an idealised social order. This study highlights the need to understand the economic value of higher education as embedded in cultural economy, as well as the value of this framework for researching student experiences and marketing.
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Carey, Peter, i George Tanewski. "The provision of business advice to SMEs by external accountants". Managerial Auditing Journal 31, nr 3 (7.03.2016): 290–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-12-2014-1131.
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Purpose – Business advisory services are an emerging service category for external accountants in the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate determinants of SME demand for business advice, drawing on the agency theory, relational marketing and resource-based literatures. Design/methodology/approach – The study empirically tested theoretical predictions based on an Australia-wide survey of SMEs, in which 485 firms responded to a questionnaire. Findings – The results show that the purchase of business advice is significantly and positively associated with the perceived competence of the external accountant, but significantly and negatively associated with length of the relationship. However, the authors observe a significant positive interaction between tenure of the relationship and competence. A unique contribution of this study is the development of the understanding of the combined role of the external accountant’s competence and the tenure of the relationship. The findings indicate that SMEs require time to verify whether accountants have the competence to provide business advice, suggesting that information asymmetry and uncertainty is minimised only after SMEs have nurtured relationships with their external accountants, and after they have developed some confidence in the competence of their external accountants. At the same time, the negative association with tenure suggests that when accountants are not perceived as competent advisors, SMEs purchase less advice over time. Research limitations/implications – The paper has important theoretical implications by augmenting agency theory, the relational marketing and the resource-based literature, and it clarifies which antecedent factors are important in explaining demand for business advisory services provided by accountants to their SME clients. In particular, the paper highlights the importance of the combined roles that the external accountant’s competence and tenure play in the SME–accountant relationship, highlighting how these two factors can overcome credence issues and ex ante information problems. Practical implications – The findings have practical implications for government initiatives targeting support to SMEs, as the findings identify small firms and firms planning to grow as likely to gain the greatest benefit from external advice and support. Originality/value – This study adds to the limited literature and scant theoretical discussions on the emergence of business advisory services that accountants provide to their SME clients by drawing on several theories to explain the determinants of business advice.
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Quintal, Vanessa, Matthew Tingchi Liu, Fahri Unsal i Ian Phau. "The Persuasion Process of Sponsorship and Nonsponsorship Activation and the Dual Mediation Model". Event Management 24, nr 2 (7.04.2020): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/152599519x15506259855878.
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The current study introduces the Dual Mediation Model (DMM) as a user perspective framework to explore the persuasive process of sponsorship and nonsponsorship activation across countries and brands. Data were collected from 1,850 respondents in Australia, the US, Malaysia, and China to examine consumer decision making for Adidas (i. e., sponsor) and Nike (i. e., nonsponsor) in the associations both brands have activated with the 2002–2014 FIFA World Cup (FWC). The majority of the hypotheses were supported, suggesting the DMM's ability to explain the impacts of sponsorship and nonsponsorship activation on cognitive, affective, and conative behavior across countries. Significant differences were also perceived in the attitude–purchase intention relationship between Australia and the other countries for Adidas, and between the US and the other three countries for Nike. Theoretically, the DMM presents researchers with a user perspective framework for the persuasion process in consumer decision making, which has been empirically tested and validated across four countries and two global brands. Managerially, findings reiterate to event organizers and brand managers that sponsorship activation requires activational communication, which should culminate in unique positioning and differentiation for sponsor brands.
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Johnston, Daniel. "Inside the Theatre of Business: Performance and Corporate Presentation Training". Journal of Business Anthropology 10, nr 1 (16.07.2021): 138–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/jba.v10i1.6329.
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How are theatre-techniques used in business training? Do theatre-making skills represent a unique field of knowledge? In this case study, I consider the National Institute of Dramatic Art’s (NIDA) ‘Executive Presenter’ two- day course in Sydney, Australia, and attempt to counter a simplistic notion of theatre as magical practice. Performance techniques are complex, historically and culturally-contingent processes for making and sharing meaning (McAuley 2008). I describe exercises from the course in some detail ‒ including elements of space, voice, body, structure, awareness, spontaneity, and rehearsal ‒ and suggest that we can understand these presentation skills in a relationship of continuity with everyday meaning-making, rather than as a magical art form. On the one hand, NIDA trades off and reinforces the popular mystique surrounding acting. On the other hand, the course introduces simple and effective techniques of verbal and non-verbal communication. Ultimately, my investigation considers the claim made in marketing the course that ‘public speaking can come naturally to you.’
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Forde, Hannah, Martin White, Louis Levy, Felix Greaves, David Hammond, Lana Vanderlee, Stephen Sharp i Jean Adams. "The Relationship between Self-Reported Exposure to Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Promotions and Intake: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2017 International Food Policy Study". Nutrients 11, nr 12 (13.12.2019): 3047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11123047.
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Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is independently associated with several non-communicable diseases, so policymakers are increasingly implementing measures, such as marketing regulation, to reduce intake. To help understand how such measures work, this study examined the association between SSB consumption and self-reported exposure to SSB promotions, both overall and by type of promotion, and whether these relationships vary between the UK, USA, Canada, Mexico, and Australia. Cross-sectional analysis of the online 2017 International Food Policy Study was performed (n = 15,515). Participants were grouped into 5265 (34%) non-, 5117 (33%) low-, and 5133 (33%) high-SSB consumers. Multinomial logistic regression models examined whether SSB consumption varied by exposure to total SSB promotion and by type: traditional, digital, recreational environment, and functional environment. Multiplicative interactions were included to investigate international variations. An additional unit of total self-reported SSB promotion exposure increased the likelihood of participants being low SSB consumers (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.10) and high SSB consumers (RRR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.11–1.16). Only exposure to traditional and digital promotion increased the likelihood of participants being SSB consumers, though this may be explained by degree of exposure, which was not measured in this study. Some evidence illustrated international variation in these relationships.
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Casswell, Sally, Taisia Huckle, Karl Parker, Jose Romeo, Thomas Graydon-Guy, June Leung, Karimu Byron i in. "Benchmarking alcohol policy based on stringency and impact: The International Alcohol Control (IAC) policy index". PLOS Global Public Health 2, nr 4 (22.04.2022): e0000109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000109.
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This study developed a measurement tool to assess stringency and ‘on-the-ground’ impact of four key alcohol policy domains to create an alcohol policy index suitable for benchmarking alcohol policy and assessing change over time in middle- and high-income countries. It involved a collaboration between researchers in 12 diverse countries: New Zealand; Australia; England; Scotland; Netherlands; Vietnam; Thailand; South Africa; Turkey; Chile; Saint Kitts and Nevis and Mongolia. Data on the four most effective alcohol policy domains (availability, pricing policy, alcohol marketing, drink driving) were used to create an alcohol policy index based on their association with alcohol per capita consumption (APC) of commercial (recorded) alcohol. An innovation was the inclusion of measures of impact along with the stringency of the legislation or regulation. The resulting International Alcohol Control (IAC) Policy Index showed a very high negative correlation (-0.91) with recorded APC. Greater affordability of alcohol, an impact measure taking into account prices paid and countries’ Gross Domestic Product, was predictive of higher APC (-0.80). Countries in which more modes of alcohol marketing are legally allowed and used had higher APC. Legislation on outlet density and drink driving predicted APC whereas trading hours did not. While stringency and impact measures varied between domains in terms of relationship with APC, overall, there was a strong correlation between impact and stringency (0.77). The IAC Policy Index, which includes measures of policy stringency and ‘on-the-ground’ impacts in relation to four key policy areas, was found to be strongly associated with commercial alcohol consumed in a number of diverse country settings. It showed a larger relationship than previous indices that include more policy dimensions. The index provides a relatively simple tool for benchmarking and communication with policy makers to encourage a strong focus on uptake of these four most effective alcohol policies.
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Köhr, Christopher Karl, Armando Maria Corsi, Roberta Capitello i Gergely Szolnoki. "Family culture and organisational systems as antecedents of market orientation and performance among family wineries". International Journal of Wine Business Research 31, nr 2 (17.06.2019): 180–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-09-2017-0054.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational systems, market orientation, family culture and the long-term business performance of family businesses in the wine sector in three countries. Design/methodology/approach A survey by questionnaire was undertaken with 123 wineries in Australia, Germany and Italy. Multiple-item measurement scales and multiple regression models were used to investigate mediation effects. Findings The findings indicate a marked influence of organizational systems and family culture on financial performance. Market orientation fully mediates the effect of family culture and partially mediates the effect of organizational systems on financial performance. Practical implications From a managerial perspective, this research indicates the central role of family culture when evaluating a firm’s capabilities and potential in the long term. The findings and their implications are of immediate concern for family firms in the wine sector. Originality/value For the first time, the antecedents of market orientation are investigated through simultaneous application of two key frameworks from marketing research and family business research in a single joint analysis.
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Peterson, Mark F., Aycan Kara, Abiola Fanimokun i Peter B. Smith. "Country culture moderators of the relationship between gender and organizational commitment". Baltic Journal of Management 14, nr 3 (1.07.2019): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-04-2018-0143.
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Purpose The present study consists of managers and professionals in 26 countries including seven from Central and Eastern Europe. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether culture dimensions predict country differences in the relationship between gender and organizational commitment. The study integrated theories of social learning, role adjustment and exchange that link commitment to organizational roles to explain such differences in gender effects. Findings indicate that an alternative modernities perspective on theories of gender and commitment is better warranted than is a traditional modernities perspective. Design/methodology/approach This study examined the relationship between gender and organizational commitment using primary data collected in 26 counties. The cross-level moderating effects of individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, power distance and restraint vs indulgence was examined using hierarchical linear modeling. Findings Organizational commitment is found to be higher among men than women in four countries (Australia, China, Hungary, Jamaica) and higher among women than men in two countries (Bulgaria and Romania). Results shows that large power distance, uncertainty avoidance, femininity (social goal emphasis) and restraint (vs indulgence) predict an association between being female and commitment. These all suggest limitations to the traditional modernity-based understanding of gender and the workplace. Originality/value This study is unique based on the three theories it integrates and because it tests the proposed hypothesis using a multi-level nested research design. Moreover, the results suggest a tension between an alternative modernities perspective on top-down governmental effects on commitment through exchange and bottom-up personal effects on commitment through social learning with role adjustment in an intermediate position.
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Sloan, Sarah, Kelli Bodey i Richard Gyrd-Jones. "Knowledge sharing in online brand communities". Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 18, nr 3 (8.06.2015): 320–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-11-2013-0078.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to explore the role knowledge sharing plays in both firm-sponsored (FS) and user-generated (UG) Online Brand Communities (OBCs) on Facebook. Branding through online mediums is an under-researched area that is slowly gaining attention in the literature. In some ways, action has come first as theory struggles to catch up with technological advances. Given that social sharing behaviours (i.e. online social networking) are arguably driving the strategic direction of marketers, it is important to understand the discourse that is being communicated. One such avenue is through participation in an OBC. While it is apparent that research is growing in the OBC area, there are still areas of interest that have gained little attention. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using netnography, an appropriate yet under-applied methodological technique used to investigate the consumer behaviour of cultures and communities present on the Internet. Specifically, Facebook Pages relating to five OBCs based on the cruise-liner P & O Australia have been chosen for this case study. Findings – Results indicate that in both the FS and UG OBCs, knowledge-sharing was seen to have an important influence on pre-purchase decision-making. It also acted as a mechanism for trust building and sharing brand experiences and as an important encouragement to developing a sense of community among community members. A particularly interesting outcome of this research was the way in which consumers have taken on an active role in co-creating brand identity, which seemingly illuminates the role of brand management in social media. Practical implications – Given that this research was conducted with a real brand, with real customers, in a real OBC, the findings also point to some important practical applications. This study has found that the role of brands in their online forums is paramount, and as such, highlights the importance of effective brand governance. The rise of technology brings increased opportunities for a brand to reach out to their consumers. This study makes a further contribution by providing insights into how the consumer–brand relationship is shaped by the communication that occurs between consumers. To this end, consumers see it as the brand’s responsibility to monitor such online platforms, thus indicating the management of OBCs needs to be at the forefront of brand management practices. Originality/value – This study represents one of the earliest investigations of brand communities facilitated by social media, specifically focusing on Facebook as the communication platform. Importantly, this study increases our knowledge of consumer interaction in social media, with an emphasis towards the role that knowledge sharing contributes to OBCs and the differences prevalent between FS and UG online communities.
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Ritchie, D. "Management of Health System Reform: A View of Changes within New Zealand". Health Services Management Research 11, nr 3 (sierpień 1998): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148489801100305.
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This paper reports on the context and process of health system reform in New Zealand. The study is based on interviews conducted with 31 managers from three Crown Health Enterprises (publicly funded hospital-based health care organizations). A number of countries with publicly funded health services (e.g. UK, Australia and New Zealand) have sought to shift from the traditional ‘passive’ health management style (using transactional management skills to balance historically-based expenditure budgets) to ‘active’ transformational leadership styles that reflect a stronger ‘private sector’ orientation (requiring active management of resources—including a return on ‘capital’ investment, identification of costs and returns on ‘product lines’, ‘marketing’ a ‘product mix’, reducing non-core activities and overhead costs, and a closer relationship with ‘shareholders’, suppliers and customers/clients). Evidence of activities and processes associated with transformational leadership are identified. Success of the New Zealand health reforms will be determined by the approach the new managers adopt to improve their organization's performance. Transformational leadership has been frequently linked to the successful implementation of significant organizational change in other settings (Kurz et al., 1988; Dunphy and Stace, 1990) but it is too early to assess whether this is applicable in a health care context.
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Bowen, M. K., i F. Chudleigh. "Grazing pressure, land condition, productivity and profitability of beef cattle grazing buffel grass pastures in the subtropics of Australia: a modelling approach". Animal Production Science 58, nr 8 (2018): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17780.
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There is widespread evidence that beef cattle land managers in Queensland are using stocking rates for perennial pastures that are substantially higher than recommended guidelines, and some indication that these decisions are motivated by perceived financial and economic benefits. Considerable effort has been, and is currently being, applied by public-sector organisations to encourage producers to reduce grazing pressure from beef cattle across Queensland’s pastoral lands. A better understanding of the relationships among stocking rate, land condition and profitability of beef-grazing enterprises is imperative to better inform cattle producers and policy makers. The present study assessed the effect of grazing pressure and land condition on the productivity and profitability of a steer-turnover enterprise utilising buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) pastures in central Queensland. A property-level, regionally relevant herd model was used to determine whole-of-business productivity and profitability over a 30-year investment period. Growth paths for steers from weaning to marketing were developed for 16 scenarios encompassing a range of pasture-utilisation rates (30%, 35% and 50% of annual biomass growth), land condition (A, B and C) and market targets (feedlot entry at 474 kg or slaughter at 605 kg). The economic effect of each scenario was assessed by comparison to a base scenario of 30% pasture utilisation and turn-off of slaughter steers. Our analyses demonstrated a large economic advantage from increasing grazing pressure above 30% utilisation for buffel grass pastures, even with assumptions of declining land condition and animal performance. For instance, producing slaughter steers under a 50% pasture-utilisation regime with a continuous decline in land condition from A to C (and, hence, productivity) over Years 10–30 was AU$21 772/annum more profitable than was a 30% pasture-utilisation strategy, which is widely recommended as closer to a long-term, safe utilisation rate. The present research has provided insights into the relationship between grazing pressure and economic returns of beef producers over the medium term. However, it should be considered as a scoping study due to the paucity of data for effects of utilisation rate on the productivity of buffel grass pastures and, hence, on land-condition rating. Further research is required to better understand the effects of utilisation rate of buffel grass, and other sown pasture grass and legume species, on plant biomass production, plant-diet quality for cattle, land-condition decline and cattle productivity.
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Bowen, M. K., i F. Chudleigh. "Productivity and profitability of alternative steer growth paths resulting from accessing high-quality forage systems in the subtropics of northern Australia: a modelling approach". Animal Production Science 59, nr 9 (2019): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18311.
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Beef producers have to determine the best allocation of a limited resource of high-quality forage. This analysis assessed the most profitable way of incorporating high-quality forages into the whole-of-life steer growth path on forage systems in central Queensland, using property-level, regionally relevant herd models that determine whole-of-business productivity and profitability over a 30-year investment period. Twenty-two growth paths (liveweight change over time) from weaning to marketing were investigated for steers grazing buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) pastures with and without access to leucaena–grass pastures (Leucaena leucocephala spp. glabrata + perennial, tropical grass (C4) species) or forage oats (Avena sativa) for varying intervals throughout their growth path. The production, economic and financial effect of each growth path was assessed by comparison to a base scenario that produced finished, slaughter steers (605 kg) from buffel grass pastures. The relative profitability of marketing steers at feedlot entry (feed-on) weight (474 kg) instead of slaughter weights was also assessed. The growth paths were applied within two beef enterprises, namely (1) steer turnover and (2) breeding and finishing. For both enterprises, grazing steers on leucaena-grass pastures from weaning until they achieved feedlot entry weight (474 kg) was substantially more profitable than any other growth path. Compared with the base scenario, this optimal growth path improved profitability by 121% and 37% for the steer turnover and the breeding and finishing enterprises respectively. The purchase of additional breeders for the latter enterprise was required to optimise utilisation of the leucaena–grass pastures immediately. Incorporating leucaena–grass pastures at any steer age improved the profitability of the steer turnover enterprise (AU$7368–AU$106508 extra profit/annum), and similarly for the breeding and finishing enterprise (AU$1754–AU$31383 extra profit/annum) except for two scenarios where leucaena–grass pastures were provided to older steers targeted at the feed-on market (AU$4816 and AU$23886 less profit/annum). However, incorporation of leucaena–grass into steer growth paths also resulted in increased peak deficit levels and financial risk to the business compared with buffel grass-only production systems, with payback periods for the most profitable growth path of 8 and 14 years for the steer turnover and the breeding and finishing enterprise respectively. All growth paths that incorporated forage oats and leucaena–grass resulted in lower economic and financial performance than did comparable growth paths that incorporated leucaena–grass only. Furthermore, incorporating oats into buffel grass-only growth paths always reduced the enterprise profitability. There was no relationship, across scenarios within an enterprise, between change in profit and the number of extra weaners produced or the amount of extra beef produced per hectare.
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Kim, Eunjung, Graham Cuskelly i Liz Fredline. "Motivation and Psychological Contract in Sport Event Volunteerism: The Impact of Contract Fulfilment On Satisfaction and Future Behavioral Intention". Event Management 24, nr 4 (8.05.2020): 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/152599519x15506259856110.
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This study investigated sport event volunteer motivation and psychological contract (PC) with regard to the relationship between PC fulfilment, satisfaction, and future behavioral intention. Motivation-based volunteer subgroups based on cluster analysis were compared regarding their expectations and experiences of PC types as well as their overall satisfaction and future behavioral intention in a pre- and posttest study. The gap between expectations and experiences of PC types (PC fulfilment by gap: PCFg), and second, experience (satisfaction) of PC types (PC fulfilment by experience: PCFe) were tested using regression analysis to investigate the impact of PC fulfilment on satisfaction and future behavioral intention. The analysis was conducted on a sample of 261 sport event volunteers from three sport events in southeast Queensland, Australia. Among this volunteer sample, ideological PC was considered as the most important PC type overall, but different motivations were associated with different PC preferences. Volunteers who had different motivations had varying experiences of PC types, overall satisfaction, and intention to continue volunteering. PCFe was highly related to overall satisfaction and future behavioral intention and was found to be a better predictor of volunteer satisfaction than PCFg. This study provides important theoretical and practical implications for sport event volunteerism approached from the perspective of PC types and motivations.