Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Representative Samples

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Representative Samples”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Representative Samples"

Akinniyi, Alaba Joseph, and Eneji Ademoh Sanni. "An Examination of Representative Sample in Data-Based Research." Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (2017): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJASS/2017/33069.

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The output of any research work depends, to a reasonable extent, on the adequacy of the sample from which data are obtained for the research. A sample is adequate when it is representative of the population or when it possesses the characteristics that are typical of the population from which it is drawn. The focus of this paper is on how researchers can select samples that are really representatives. Descriptive method was utilized in the writing of the paper. Attempts are made, in the paper, to describe the concepts of sample representativeness, sampling methods and sampling error. Some sugg

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Grafström, Anton, and Lina Schelin. "How to Select Representative Samples." Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 41, no. 2 (2013): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjos.12016.

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Sekhar, Megan, and Alison Dugan. "Collect Representative : Distribution System Samples." Opflow 35, no. 1 (2009): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2009.tb02964.x.

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McCarty, C., H. R. Bernard, P. D. Killworth, G. A. Shelley, and E. C. Johnsen. "Eliciting representative samples of personal networks." Social Networks 19, no. 4 (1997): 303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8733(96)00302-4.

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Wales, Jackie A., Robert L. Palmer, and Christopher G. Fairburn. "Can treatment trial samples be representative?" Behaviour Research and Therapy 47, no. 10 (2009): 893–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.019.

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Foets, Jasper, Carlos E. Wetzel, Núria Martínez-Carreras, Adriaan J. Teuling, Jean-François Iffly, and Laurent Pfister. "Technical note: A time-integrated sediment trap to sample diatoms for hydrological tracing." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 10 (2020): 4709–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4709-2020.

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Abstract. Diatoms, microscopic single-celled algae, are present in almost all habitats containing water (e.g. streams, lakes, soil and rocks). In the terrestrial environment, their diversified species distributions are mainly controlled by physiographical factors and anthropic disturbances which makes them useful tracers in catchment hydrology. In their use as a tracer, diatoms are generally sampled in streams by means of an automated sampling method; as a result, many samples must be collected to cover a whole storm run-off event. As diatom analysis is labour-intensive, a trade-off has to be

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An, Yiming, Lin Yang, A.-Xing Zhu, Chengzhi Qin, and JingJing Shi. "Identification of representative samples from existing samples for digital soil mapping." Geoderma 311 (February 2018): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.03.014.

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Krokoff, Lowell J. "Recruiting Representative Samples for Marital Interaction Research." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 4, no. 3 (1987): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026540758700400305.

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Kovacs, Thomas, and Katya Hill. "Language Samples From Children Who Use Speech-Generating Devices: Making Sense of Small Samples and Utterance Length." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 26, no. 3 (2017): 939–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_ajslp-16-0114.

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Purpose Mean length of utterance in morphemes (MLUm) is underreported in people who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). MLUm is difficult to measure in people who use AAC because of 2 challenges described in literature: the challenge of small language samples (difficulty collecting representative samples) and the challenge of transcribing short utterances (difficulty transcribing 1-morpheme utterances). We tested solutions to both challenges in a corpus of language samples from children who use speech-generating devices. Method The first challenge was addressed by adjusting t

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Liu, Zun-xiong, Zhi-qiang Huang, and Heng Zhang. "A Novel Face Recognition Approach Based on Two-Step Test Sample Representation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/895051.

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The two-step test sample representation method is proposed for face recognition. It first identifiesk“representative” samples from each category training samples for the test sample then produces a weighted sum of all the “representative” samples that well approximates the test sample. This method assigns the test sample to the class whose training samples have the smallest deviation from the test sample. As the method proposed in this paper is able to reduce the side-effect of the other training samples that are very “far” from the test sample on the recognition decision of the test sample, t

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Representative Samples"

Gangl, Katharina, Eva Hofmann, Groot Manon de, et al. "Taxpayers' Motivations Relating to Tax Compliance: Evidence from Two Representative Samples of Austrian and Dutch Self-Employed Taxpayers." University of Exeter Business School, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5095/1/45%2D172%2D1%2DPB.pdf.

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Tax compliance is assumed to be shaped by three main motivations to comply: enforced, voluntary, and committed motivation. Taxpayers, who hold an enforced motivation to comply, only pay taxes because of audits and fines for non-compliance. Voluntary motivated taxpayers respect the law and pay taxes because it is the easiest option. Committed motivation represents an intrinsic motivation, whereby taxpayers feel a moral obligation and responsibility to be honest. However, little and inconsistent empirical research exists on the relationship between motivations and tax compliance. The present pap

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Klein, Eva Maria [Verfasser]. "Migration and Mental Health – the role of child maltreatment, recalled parental rearing behavior and acculturation: results from representative samples : Migration und Psychische Gesundheit – Die Rolle von Kindheitsbelastungen, Erinnertem Elterlichen Erziehungsverhalten und Akkulturation: Ergebnisse aus repräsentativen Stichproben / Eva Maria Klein." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223379329/34.

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Kalaiah, Aravind. "Visual data representation using context-aware Samples." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2465.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005. Thesis research directed by: Computer Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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DeFeo, Graig C. "Risk Factors for Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder in a Nationally Representative Sample." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1569946.

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The public use version of the National Comorbidity Survey – Replication (NCS-R) dataset was used (N = 995) to investigate risk factors for recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) that are evident before recovery from the first major depressive episode (MDE) by comparing persons diagnosed with MDD who experienced a single MDE to persons with recurrent MDD. Multiple logistic regression analyses assessed the independent risk of recurrent MDD for each of the following risk factors: an early age of onset (<30 years old), absence of a life stress trigger, chronic first epi

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TenEyck, Michael F. "Cumulative Disadvantage Across the Life Course: Results from a Nationally Representative Sample." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin149580728755573.

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DeFeo, Graig Charles. "Risk Factors for Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder in a Nationally Representative Sample." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5351.

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The public use version of the National Comorbidity Survey - Replication (NCS-R) dataset was used (N = 995) to investigate risk factors for recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) that are evident before recovery from the first major depressive episode (MDE) by comparing persons diagnosed with MDD who experienced a single MDE to persons with recurrent MDD. Multiple logistic regression analyses assessed the independent risk of recurrent MDD for each of the following risk factors: an early age of onset (old), absence of a life stress trigger, chronic first episode, childhood parental loss, pare

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Ehrensberger, Ryan J. "Modeling Racial Differences in Colorectal Cancer Screening: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Sample." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. https://digarchive.library.vcu.edu/handle/10156/1507.

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Traballi, Rogério Carlos [UNESP]. "Composição de amostra representativa de solo fertilizado com lodo de esgoto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101912.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:22:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 traballi_rc_dr_botfca.pdf: 1930714 bytes, checksum: b2df395d7fc8829f61c7ecf07dee05fc (MD5) O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar, através dos conhecimentos da estatística, o número mínimo de amostras de solo a ser coletado em uma área fertilizada com lodo de esgoto para que, depois de analisadas, representem, com elevada confiabilidade, a composição química do solo estudado. Para isso foram utilizadas parcelas d

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Petrowski, Katja, Susan Schurig, Gabriele Schmutzer, and Elmar Brähler. "Socio-demography and Attachment-styles of Married and Cohabiting Individuals in a Representative Sample." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-202654.

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Cohabitation is becoming more prevalent in western society so that up to 7.5 million cohabiting couples were reported in the USA for the year 2010. The present study investigated whether the cohabitants’ attachment style might be one of the reasons for cohabitation gaining such popularity. Attachment styles as well as socio-demographic variables were compared in regard to the partnership status. A sample of 1,002 participants aged 18 to 60 were used as a representative sample (M = 43.5, SD = 10.9), of which 54% were female and 82% were married. The cohabitants were younger, more highly educate

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Beesdo, Katja, Frank Jacobi, Jürgen Hoyer, Nancy C. P. Low, Michael Höfler, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Pain associated with specific anxiety and depressive disorders in a nationally representative population sample." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-106402.

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Objective: To examine in a nationally representative sample (a) the differential association of specific anxiety and depressive disorders defined according to DSM-IV with pain disorder (PD) and pain symptoms, and (b) whether pain-associated anxiety and depressive disorders and their comorbidity have different implications in terms of impairment, disability, health care utilization, and substance use. Method: A nationally representative community study was conducted in Germany. Symptoms, syndromes and diagnoses of mental disorders, and pain were assessed in N = 4,181 participants aged 18–65 ye

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Książki na temat "Representative Samples"

Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. Unconfined compressive strength on rock samples representative of the types found in Bronx County, New York. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1987.

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McDonnell, Ida. Trends in Irish youth opinion on development and justice issues: A comparative analysis of representative national samples, 1995-1999. DEFY: Development Education for Youth, 2000.

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Polk, Sam Carr. CORFA--constitutional rebirth for America: Why, how--peacefully and legally, sample improvements. CORFA Books, 1989.

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C, Byrnes Martha, and Bintliff Barbara 1953-, eds. A Representative sample of tenure documents for law librarians. American Association of Law Libraries, 1988.

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Snoj, Jurij. Medieval music codices: A selection of representative sample from Slone libraries. Znanstvenoraziskovalni Center, Slovenske Akademije znanosti in Umetnosti, Muzikološki Inštitut, 1997.

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United States. Bureau of the Census. American housing survey: 1989 metropolitan sample : reference manual for field representatives. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1989.

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United States. Bureau of the Census, ed. American housing survey: 1989 metropolitan sample : reference manual for field representatives. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1989.

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Rossi, Adam Joshua. Demographic and Psychiatric Correlates of Suicide Attempt in a Nationally Representative Sample. [publisher not identified], 2019.

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Hungary. Központi Statisztikai Hivatal. Népszámlálási Osztály., ed. 1990 population census, detailed data: Based on a 2 per cent representative sample. The Office, 1992.

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Elkins, Jennifer. Developmental outcomes in a nationally representative sample of sexually abused boys: The moderating influence of family and peer context. [publisher not identified], 2011.

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Części książek na temat "Representative Samples"

Dumicic, Ksenija. "Representative Samples." In International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_58.

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Dumicic, Ksenija. "Representative Samples." In International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-69359-9_529.

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Grieve-Smith, Angus. "Capturing Language Diversity Through Representative Samples." In Building a Representative Theater Corpus. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32402-5_2.

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Děd, Lukáš, and Martin Jureček. "Selecting Representative Samples from Malware Datasets." In Machine Learning, Deep Learning and AI for Cybersecurity. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83157-7_5.

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Jose, Anita, and K. Daniel O'Leary. "Prevalence of partner aggression in representative and clinic samples." In Psychological and physical aggression in couples: Causes and interventions. American Psychological Association, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11880-001.

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Zhang, Peng, Yingjie Tian, Xingsen Li, Zhiwang Zhang, and Yong Shi. "Select Representative Samples for Regularized Multiple-Criteria Linear Programming Classification." In Computational Science – ICCS 2008. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69387-1_49.

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Guo, Hong, Wen-Chi Hou, Feng Yan, and Qiang Zhu. "A Metropolis Sampling Method for Drawing Representative Samples from Large Databases." In Database Systems for Advanced Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11408079_21.

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Ruel, Erin. "How Do We Make Disproportionate Stratified Samples Representative of the Population?" In 100 Questions (and Answers) About Survey Research. SAGE Publications, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506348803.n36.

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Fonger, Frederik, Niclas Nebelung, Arvid Lepsien, Milda Aleknonytė-Resch, and Agnes Koschmider. "Representative Sampling in Process Mining: Two Novel Sampling Algorithms for Event Logs." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-82225-4_4.

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Abstract Process mining allows the discovery of business processes from an event log. However, event logs are rapidly increasing in size and process mining algorithms struggle with the computational load when efficient processing is required. This calls for methods that decrease the event log size while still preserving the representativeness of the event log. This paper presents two new algorithms for sampling event logs. The first algorithm called chooses traces from an event log above a threshold and subsequently selects traces with underrepresented Directly Follows Relations. The second sa

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Verhaegen, Soetkin, Virginie Van Ingelgom, Louise Knops, Karen Celis, and Kenza Amara-Hammou. "10. What do resentful citizens want from democracy?" In Bitter-Sweet Democracy? Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0401.10.

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Political resentment is increasingly discussed, especially in the context of citizens’ dissatisfaction with the current political system as expressed on social media, in the streets, and through support for populist parties. Political resentment is posited as the reflection of a deep discontent with representative democracy, leading to a longing for change. While it is often assumed that the change that the politically resentful look for lies outside the realm of democratic institutional arrangements, there are many alternatives to the current institutional design of democracies that may offer

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Representative Samples"

Wrangham, Jodi B., and Elizabeth J. Summer. "Planktonic Microbial Population Profiles Do Not Accurately Represent Same Location Sessile Population Profiles." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02780.

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Abstract Obtaining representative and accurate microbiological samples often proves challenging in the oil and gas industry. It is common to sample and test fluids (containing planktonic/free-floating microbes) for the detection and enumeration of problematic species, despite the fact that biofilms or sessile (attached to pipe or vessel wall) microbes are those which cause the majority of problems. This practice occurs because many field scenarios do not allow for sessile sampling. Collecting a representative sample is imperative in any microbial monitoring program, as they estimate the possib

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Fowee, Roger W. "Performance Assessment and Improvement It All Starts with the Sampling Plan." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00660.

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Abstract The operators and managers of boiler systems must capture representative and valid samples if they are to judge their current operations and plan a meaningful course of improvement for the future. This paper addresses the questions of what to sample, where to sample, how to sample, and when to sample?

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Sun, Hao, Yanjie Xu, Kai Fu, Lin Lei, Kefeng Ji, and Gangyao Kuang. "An Evaluation of Representative Samples Replay and Knowledge Distillation Regularization for SAR ATR Continual Learning." In 2024 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers62282.2024.10618705.

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Abraham, D. P., J. J. Peterson, N. K. Katyal, D. D. Keiser, and B. A. Hilton. "Electrochemical Corrosion Testing of Metal Waste Forms." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00205.

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Abstract Electrochemical corrosion tests have been conducted on simulated stainless steel-zirconium (SS-Zr) metal waste form (MWF) samples. The uniform aqueous corrosion behavior of the samples in various test solutions was measured by the polarization resistance technique. The data show that the MWF corrosion rates are very low in groundwaters representative of the proposed Yucca Mountain repository. Galvanic corrosion measurements were also conducted on MWF samples that were coupled to an alloy that has been proposed for the inner lining of the high-level nuclear waste container. The experim

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Kilbane, John J. "Analyzing Pig Returns from a Subsea Pipeline for MIC: Sampling and Testing Challenges." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10982.

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Abstract Monitoring pipelines for microbial corrosion can be challenging because obtaining samples is difficult. This is particularly true of subsea pipelines where the only available samples are oil samples and pig returns. Oil samples do not provide reliable data regarding microbial concentrations in biofilms on internal pipe surfaces and the heterogeneous nature of pig returns further complicates the situation by making it difficult to obtain representative samples. Moreover, there is no consensus regarding the best testing method to be used. Microbial growth tests have the longest history

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Wess, T. J., J. R. Crum, and L. E. Shoemaker. "Corrosive Environments Experienced in FGD Applications." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94414.

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Abstract A variety of corrosive environments are encountered in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. Some are intentional, such as the limestone slurry used in the absorber to remove SO2 gas, and others are unintentional, such as acid condensate in the outlet ducting and chimney. These acid condensate solutions are by far the most corrosive and most unpredictable. Condensate samples have been taken from various locations in an operating FGD unit and associated equipment. Actual samples have been taken from a low point in the bypass duct, the main outlet duct and the chimney flue drain sump.

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Pement, F. W., G. Economy, J. A. Gorman, and A. R. McIlree. "Treatment of Alloy 600 Tube-Tube Sheet Transitions for Improved Resistance to Primary Water SCC I. Performance of Baseline As-Expanded Samples in 750° F Steam." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87093.

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Abstract Mill annealed Alloy 600 tubing samples were mechanically expanded (hard rolled) into steel collars using standard manufacturing techniques. The rolled specimens contained transitions from unexpanded to expanded tubing that were representative of those in as - fabricated nuclear steam generators. A specially fabricated heat of Alloy 600 tubing in two standard sizes was used. This special tubing exhibited a high susceptibility to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in tests of reverse U-bends in 750°F (400°C) steam with hydrogen. The expanded samples were shown in relatively

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Vargas, Walter A., María Clara Pagliaricci, Juliana Soler Arango, Albert Saavedra, and Walter Morris. "The 1000’s of Microbial Genera Found in Argentina’S O&G Fields: Their Impact on Microbially Induced Corrosion and Integrity of Facilities." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16754.

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Abstract MIC assessment and management in O&G facilities depends on the accurate and early evaluation of microbial communities involved in material degradation. Traditional monitoring by culture-based methods allow the detection only 0.1% of the microorganisms in the sample, underestimating the real bacterial concentration in the samples, and in some cases, their potentiality for corrosion. However, novel molecular-biology based strategies may overcome these issues offering more reliable and sensitive tools for the study of microbial communities. The novel methodologies have been useful fo

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Farrell, Andrew Robert, Dario Marcello Frigo, and Gordon Michael Graham. "Flow Assurance Testing with Re-livened Oil – a Cost-Effective Analogue for Live Oil." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17822.

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Abstract It is widely accepted that the use of live crude oil samples provides the most field representative fluids when investigating asphaltenes and paraffin wax problems in laboratory testing. However, this approach is limited by availability of live samples and the potential that samples collected during drilling will be insufficiently representative due to contamination. Rather than going to the significant expense and operational difficulty and risk of collecting and transporting live samples, it is common practice to use ‘dead’ crude oil, i.e., that which has been degassed to ambient pr

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Robinson, J. O. "Effective Monitoring Improves Industrial Steam Plant Performance." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90177.

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Abstract Since effective control of water chemistry is necessary to ensure reliable steam plant operation, water purity criteria and an effective monitoring schedule should be established for each critical stream. To ensure that the monitoring program is effective, water samples must be representative of system conditions, analyses must be done frequently, and the appropriate analytical procedure must be used. The data generated should be used to control water chemistry; and thus improve the performance of the steam plant.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Representative Samples"

Kneafsey, T. J., E. V. L. Rees, S. Nakagawa, and T. H. Kwon. Examination of Hydrate Formation Methods: Trying to Create Representative Samples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1050730.

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George, Darin. L52315 Testing of Environmentally-Friendly Gas Sampling Methods. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010176.

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Recent environmental concerns have led to calls for reduced hydrocarbon emissions to the atmosphere from a variety of sources. One source of emissions being examined in this regard is natural gas spot sampling methods that vent pipeline gases to the atmosphere. Some sampling techniques and equipment have been developed that do not emit greenhouse gases, but the need exists to test these methods for their ability to collect accurate, representative samples. Another related concern is the accuracy of samples drawn from streams near their hydrocarbon dew point (HDP). While the spot sampling metho

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Barajas and George. PR-015-05600-R01 Assessment of Sampling Systems for Monitoring Water Vapor in Natural Gas Streams. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011197.

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Research has been conducted to assess the usefulness of various sampling and delivery methods in transporting a representative sample of a natural gas stream for analysis of moisture content. Three sampling configurations commonly used by the natural gas industry were evaluated, including a sample system with a regulated probe heated above ambient conditions, the same system held at a constant temperature simulating ambient conditions, and a heated sample system incorporating a membrane filter. Each configuration was used to transport samples of distribution-quality natural gas with levels of

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Chong, Alberto E., Hugo R. Ñopo, and Juan Camilo Cárdenas. Stated Social Behavior and Revealed Actions: Evidence from 6 Latin American Countries Using Representative Samples. Inter-American Development Bank, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010889.

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This paper explores the link between what people say they prefer to do and what they actually do. Using data from an experimental project exploring trust and pro-sociality for representative samples of individuals in six Latin American capital cities, the paper links the results of these experiments with the responses obtained from representative surveys to the same participating individuals. Individuals with higher agreement with a set of pro-social statements are those more willing to contribute and collaborate to the social welfare in the community, and what people say is linked to what peo

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Chong, Alberto E., Vanessa Ríos, and Hugo R. Ñopo. Do Welfare Programs Damage Interpersonal Trust?: Experimental Evidence from Representative Samples for Four Latin American Cities. Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010904.

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This paper argues that welfare programs are linked with the destruction of social capital, as measured by interpersonal trust in laboratory games. The paper employs experimental data for representative samples of individuals in four Latin American capital cities (Bogota, Lima, Montevideo, and San Jose), finding that participation in welfare programs damage trust. This result is robust to the inclusion of individual risk measures and a broad array of controls. The findings also support the notion that low take-up rates may be due to stigma linked with trust and social capital, rather than trans

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Thorson, Jacob, and Darin George. PR-015-15608-R01 Sample Probe Insertion Depth Testing. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011024.

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Probes for natural gas sample collection and analysis must extend far enough into the pipeline to avoid contaminants at the pipe wall, but must not be so long that there is a risk of flow induced resonant vibration and failure. PRCI has sponsored a project to determine the minimum probe depth for obtaining a representative single-phase gas sample in flows with small amounts of contaminants. Phase 2 of the project evaluated the effect of probe tip design and insertion length on the fidelity of gas samples from flows carrying small amounts of liquid hydrocarbons.

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Haakonsen, Rune. PR-576-163705-R01 Qualification and Guideline of Inspection Technologies for Flexible Pipe Integrity. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011741.

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This report summarizes the SPIM-2-1 project with testing of tools and technologies for flexible pipe inspection. The objective of the project is to provide a quantitative assessment of the capabilities of available flexible pipe inspection technologies to detect relevant defects in flexible pipe armour layers. This objective is met by the following project activities: - Identifying existing inspection technologies and vendors/service providers - Mapping inspection technologies - detection capabilities - vendors - Inviting selected vendors and RFI - Define test sample requirements - Procure tes

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Zanoni, Wladimir, Jimena Romero, Nicolás Chuquimarca, and Emmanuel Abuelafia. Dealing with Hard-to-Reach Populations in Panel Data: Respondent-Driven Survey (RDS) and Attrition. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005194.

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Hidden populations, such as irregular migrants, often elude traditional probabilistic sampling methods. In situations like these, chain-referral sampling techniques like Respondent-Driven Surveys (RDS) offer an effective solution. RDS, a variant of network sampling sometimes referred to as “snowball” sampling, estimates weights based on the network structures of friends and acquaintances formed during the sampling process. This ensures the samples are representative of the larger population. However, one significant limitation of these methods is the rigidity of the weights. When faced with pa

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George, Grant, and Hawley. PR-015-13611-R01 Evaluation of Selected Sampling Techniques on Hydrocarbon-Wet Gas Streams. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010403.

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This project evaluated selected single-phase gas sampling methods as candidates for use in sampling hydrocarbon-wet gas streams and obtaining representative samples of only the gas phase, rather than samples of both the gas and liquid. Two spot sampling methods, the helium �pop� method and the floating piston cylinder method, were chosen for evaluation. To capture samples of only the gas phase required one or more arrangements for separating liquids from the sample stream. To this end, a coalescing filter and a vortex separator were chosen for testing with the two sampling methods. The various

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George and Grant. PR-015-14609-R01 Study of Sample Probe Minimum Insertion Depth Requirements. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010844.

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Probes for natural gas sample collection and analysis must extend far enough into the pipeline to avoid contaminants at the pipe wall, but must not be so long that there is a risk of flow-induced resonant vibration and failure. PRCI has sponsored a project to determine the minimum probe depth for obtaining a representative single-phase gas sample in flows with small amounts of contaminants. To this end, Phase 1 of the project involved a review of existing literature and industry standards to identify key probe design parameters. Several current standards for sampling clean, dry natural gas wer

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