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Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Resistance to viral infection / Artykuły w czasopismach

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Resistance to viral infection”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 3 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2025

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1

Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca, Valeria Cento, Velia Chiara Di Maio, Carlo Federico Perno, and Antonio Craxì. "Viral resistance in HCV infection." Current Opinion in Virology 32 (October 2018): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2018.10.005.

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Valkonen, J. P. T. "Mechanisms of resistance to viruses." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2002): S132—S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10337-pps.

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Resistance associated with a hypersensitive response (HR) and subsequent development of necrotic lesions (cell death) at the sites of virus infection can restrict virus movement in plants. Genes for HR are dominant and act on a gene-for-gene basis. Many viral proteins triggering HR have been identified. Also, several genes for HR-based virus resistance, or virus-induced cell death without resistance, have been isolated and characterized in plants, which provides novel insights to the mechanisms of virus resistance. Another international, major research frontier has formed more recently around

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3

Beisekova, M. K., A. Samat, А. B. Kurmanbayeva, N. N. Iksat, S. B. Zhangazin, and Zh K. Masalimov. "Role of anthocyanins in plant resistance to virus." BULLETIN OF THE L.N. GUMILYOV EURASIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. BIOSCIENCE SERIES 150, no. 1 (2025): 117–33. https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2025-150-1-117-133.

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Viral infections pose a serious threat to crop production in Kazakhstan and worldwide, negatively affecting the growth, development, and productivity of agricultural crops. Under conditions of multiple stresses, such as drought, extreme temperatures, soil salinity, and pathogen damage, viruses aggravate physiological changes in plants, disrupting their metabolic pathways and reducing resistance to adverse factors. Particular attention is paid to the effect of viral infections on the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, important compounds involved in plant defense mechanisms. In this work, it was sho

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4

Joshi, Sachin C., Amit V. Kakad, Vardhaman A. Murkunde, and Gayatri N. Kanade. "Viral Infection-A Looming Catastrophe." World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 04 (2022): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54037/wjps.2022.100405.

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The common cold, influenza, chickenpox, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, and other disease-causing (pathogenic) viruses crop up when most people hear the word "virus." Infectious diseases are predicted to account for over one-third (i.e., 20 million) of annual deaths worldwide, as per the World Health Organization (WHO). The rising globalized health sector has made major contributions to the improvement of human health. However, long-standing, developing, and re-emerging infectious disease risks continue to haunt the globe. With a pandemic on the scale of COVID-19, Antibiotic re

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5

Yergaliev, T. "Molybdenum and plant resistance to viral infection." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series 135, no. 2 (2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2021-135-2-63-70.

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Molybdenum takes an active part in several physiological processes necessary for the growth and development of plants and other domains of life. Molybdenum participates in numerous biochemical reactions and lack of this metal may affect the total amount of proteins in plants. More than fifty Mo-containing enzymes are currently known, although most of them were found in bacteria. Plants contain Mo-containing enzymes such as nitrate reductase, sulfite oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial amidoxime reductase. Tungsten is another heavy metal, which due to highly sim

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6

Beck, Melinda A., and Colette C. Matthews. "Micronutrients and host resistance to viral infection." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, no. 4 (2000): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665100000823.

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Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that a virus could undergo rapid mutation in a host deficient in Se, leading to a normally avirulent virus acquiring virulence due to genome changes. Once these mutations occur, even a host with adequate Se-nutriture is susceptible to the newly virulent virus. What influence does the deficiency in Se have on the immune response of the host? Infection with myocarditic strains of coxsackievirus induces an inflammatory response in the cardiac tissue. It is this immune response that induces the heart damage, rather than direct viral effects on the heart

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7

Beutler, Bruce, Celine Eidenschenk, Karine Crozat, et al. "Genetic analysis of resistance to viral infection." Nature Reviews Immunology 7, no. 10 (2007): 753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri2174.

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8

Li, Xue, Xueping Zhou, and Fangfang Li. "Pelota: A double-edged sword in virus infection." PLOS Pathogens 21, no. 7 (2025): e1013328. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013328.

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Pelota, a conserved ribosome rescue factor involved in mRNA surveillance, has emerged as a pivotal player in host–virus arms race. Beyond its canonical role in maintaining translational fidelity via No-Go Decay and Non-Stop Decay pathways, Pelota exhibits a dual function during viral infection-serving either as a restriction factor or as a susceptibility element depending on the virus species and their hosts. In DNA virus infections, notably with geminiviruses, a natural mutation in Pelota confers recessive resistance in tomato and pepper probably by impairing viral protein translation, offeri

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9

Mohamed, Atef, Zhenhui Jin, Toba Osman, et al. "Hotspot siRNA Confers Plant Resistance against Viral Infection." Biology 11, no. 5 (2022): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11050714.

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A hallmark of antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) is the production of viral small interfering RNA (vsiRNA). Profiling of vsiRNAs indicates that certain regions of viral RNA genome or transcribed viral RNA, dubbed vsiRNA hotspots, are more prone to RNAi-mediated cleavage for vsiRNA biogenesis. However, the biological relevance of hotspot vsiRNAs to the host innate defence against pathogens remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that direct targeting a hotspot by a synthetic vsiRNA confers host resistance to virus infection. Using Northern blotting and RNAseq, we obtained a profile of vsiRNAs of

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10

Shen, Xiaoyun, Bo Feng, Weiyi Shi, Wenming Cheng, and Tiefeng Zhang. "Concomitant viral and bacterial pneumonia among patients in ICU with mechanical respiratory support." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 16, no. 09 (2022): 1482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12999.

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Introduction: The use of mechanical ventilators in the intensive care unit (ICU) is often associated with higher risk of respiratory tract infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Concomitant bacterial-viral infection was reported to worsen patient's clinical condition. This study evaluated the rate of concomitant bacterial-viral infections in patients with VAP and analyzed their clinical outcomes. Methodology: In this retrospective observational study 107 patients diagnosed with VAP and admitted in ICU with mechanical ventilator support between April 2018 and May 201

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11

Tong-Minh, Kirby, Katrijn Daenen, Henrik Endeman, et al. "Performance of the FebriDx Rapid Point-of-Care Test for Differentiating Bacterial and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Patients with a Suspected Respiratory Tract Infection in the Emergency Department." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 1 (2023): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010163.

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FebriDx is a rapid point-of-care test combining qualitative measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Myxovirus Resistance Protein A (MxA) using a disposable test device to detect and differentiate acute bacterial from viral respiratory tract infections. The goal of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of FebriDx in patients with suspected respiratory tract infections in the emergency department (ED). This was an observational cohort study, performed in the ED of an academic hospital. Patients were included if they had a suspected infection. The primary outcome was the pres

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12

Zav'yalov, Vladimir P., Heli Hämäläinen-Laanaya, Timo K. Korpela, and Tony Wahlroos. "Interferon-Inducible Myxovirus Resistance Proteins: Potential Biomarkers for Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infections." Clinical Chemistry 65, no. 6 (2019): 739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2018.292391.

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Abstract BACKGROUND In 2015, the 68th World Health Assembly declared that effective, rapid, low-cost diagnostic tools were needed for guiding optimal use of antibiotics in medicine. This review is devoted to interferon-inducible myxovirus resistance proteins as potential biomarkers for differentiating viral from bacterial infections. CONTENT After viral infection, a branch of the interferon (IFN)-induced molecular reactions is triggered by the binding of IFNs with their receptors, a process leading to the activation of mx1 and mx2, which produce antiviral Mx proteins (MxA and MxB). We summariz

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13

Malim, Michael H. "APOBEC proteins and intrinsic resistance to HIV-1 infection." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1517 (2008): 675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0185.

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Members of the APOBEC family of cellular polynucleotide cytidine deaminases, most notably APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F, are potent inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. Wild type HIV-1 infections are largely spared from APOBEC3G/F function through the action of the essential viral protein, Vif. In the absence of Vif, APOBEC3G/F are encapsidated by budding virus particles leading to excessive cytidine (C) to uridine (U) editing of negative sense reverse transcripts in newly infected cells. This registers as guanosine (G) to adenosine (A) hypermutations in plus-stranded cDNA. In addition to this profoundly de

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14

Zaczyńska, Ewa, Jolanta Artym, Maja Kocięba, et al. "Antiviral Resistance of Splenocytes in Aged Mice." Polish Journal of Microbiology 66, no. 1 (2017): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/17331331.1235002.

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We compared the susceptibility to viral infection of splenocytes, isolated from young versus old CBA mice, and evaluated the antiviral actions of lactoferrin in splenocytes infected with Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Recombinant mouse lactoferrin (rmLF) and bovine lactoferrin (bLF) were used. There were no differences in the susceptibility to EMCV infection in the studied age categories. Both types of lactoferrins were protective in young and old mice. The study confirmed the undisturbed viral resistance in old mice and the protective actions of lactoferrin in viral infection. The antivir

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15

Mun̄oz-Fontela, Cesar, Maria Angel Garcia, Isabel Garcia-Cao, et al. "Resistance to viral infection of super p53 mice." Oncogene 24, no. 18 (2005): 3059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208477.

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Steele, Harrison, Andrew J. Tague, and Danielle Skropeta. "The Role of Sialylation in Respiratory Viral Infection and Treatment." Current Medicinal Chemistry 28, no. 26 (2021): 5251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867328666210201153901.

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Respiratory infections caused by viruses such as influenza and coronavirus are a serious global problem due to their high infection rates and potential to spark pandemics, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Although preventing these infections by using vaccines has been the most successful strategy to date, effective vaccines are not always available. Therefore, developing broad-spectrum anti-viral drugs to treat such infections is essential, especially in the case of immunocompromised patients or for outbreaks of novel virus strains. Sialic acids have been highlighted as a key molecule in

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17

Jung, Hi, Ji Oh, and Heung Lee. "Cell-Penetrating Mx1 Enhances Anti-Viral Resistance against Mucosal Influenza Viral Infection." Viruses 11, no. 2 (2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11020109.

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Dynamin-like GTPase myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) is an intracellular anti-viral protein following the activation of type I and type III interferon signaling. Mx1 inhibits viral replication by blocking the transcription of viral RNA, and a deficiency in this protein enhances susceptibility to influenza infection. Thus, Mx1 could be another efficient target of anti-influenza therapy. To test our hypothesis, we fused poly-arginine cell-penetrating peptides to the C terminus of Mx1 (Mx1-9R) and examined the anti-viral activity of Mx1-9R in vitro and in vivo. Madin-Darby Canine Kidney epith

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18

Baig, Habeeb Ali, Waseema Sultana, Mohamed Soliman, et al. "Evaluating the Linkage Between Resistin and Viral Seropositivity in Psoriasis: Evidence from a Tertiary Centre." Life 15, no. 7 (2025): 1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15071054.

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Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder, presents complex pathogenetic mechanisms potentially influenced by viral infections. This comprehensive study explored the possible interplay of resistance and viral infections among psoriasis patients using serological screening techniques. The investigation involved 90 patients aged 23–45 years, systematically examining viral seropositivity for HSV (herpes simplex virus), HZ (herpes zoster), HBV (hepatitis B virus), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), and HCV (hepatitis C virus) through ELISA testing. The findings revealed nota

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19

Jamieson, Amanda M., Lesley Pasman, Shuang Yu, et al. "Role of Tissue Protection in Lethal Respiratory Viral-Bacterial Coinfection." Science 340, no. 6137 (2013): 1230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1233632.

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Secondary bacterial pneumonia leads to increased morbidity and mortality from influenza virus infections. What causes this increased susceptibility, however, is not well defined. Host defense from infection relies not only on immune resistance mechanisms but also on the ability to tolerate a given level of pathogen burden. Failure of either resistance or tolerance can contribute to disease severity, making it hard to distinguish their relative contribution. We employ a coinfection mouse model of influenza virus and Legionella pneumophila in which we can separate resistance and tolerance. We de

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Jamieson, Amanda M., Lesley Pasman, Shuang Yu, et al. "Role of tissue protection in lethal respiratory viral-bacterial coinfection." Science (New York, N.Y.) 340, no. 6137 (2013): 1230–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13533433.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Secondary bacterial pneumonia leads to increased morbidity and mortality from influenza virus infections. What causes this increased susceptibility, however, is not well defined. Host defense from infection relies not only on immune resistance mechanisms but also on the ability to tolerate a given level of pathogen burden. Failure of either resistance or tolerance can contribute to disease severity, making it hard to distinguish their relative contribution. We employ a coinfection mouse model of influenza virus and Legionella pneumophila in wh

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Jamieson, Amanda M., Lesley Pasman, Shuang Yu, et al. "Role of tissue protection in lethal respiratory viral-bacterial coinfection." Science (New York, N.Y.) 340, no. 6137 (2013): 1230–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13533433.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Secondary bacterial pneumonia leads to increased morbidity and mortality from influenza virus infections. What causes this increased susceptibility, however, is not well defined. Host defense from infection relies not only on immune resistance mechanisms but also on the ability to tolerate a given level of pathogen burden. Failure of either resistance or tolerance can contribute to disease severity, making it hard to distinguish their relative contribution. We employ a coinfection mouse model of influenza virus and Legionella pneumophila in wh

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22

Waiyamitra, Pitchaporn, Mehmet Arif Zoral, Aksorn Saengtienchai, et al. "Probiotics Modulate Tilapia Resistance and Immune Response against Tilapia Lake Virus Infection." Pathogens 9, no. 11 (2020): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110919.

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Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) causes an emerging viral disease associated with high mortality and economic damage in tilapia farming around the world. The use of probiotics in aquaculture has been suggested as an alternative to antibiotics and drugs to reduce the negative impact of bacterial and viral infections. In this study, we investigate the effect of probiotic Bacillus spp. supplementation on mortality, viral load, and expression of immune-related genes in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) upon TiLV infection. Fish were divided into three groups, and fed with: control diet, 0.5% probioti

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23

Hao, Kaiqiang, Miaoren Yang, Yakun Cui, et al. "Transcriptomic and Functional Analyses Reveal the Different Roles of Vitamins C, E, and K in Regulating Viral Infections in Maize." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9 (2023): 8012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098012.

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Maize lethal necrosis (MLN), one of the most important maize viral diseases, is caused by maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) infection in combination with a potyvirid, such as sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). However, the resistance mechanism of maize to MLN remains largely unknown. In this study, we obtained isoform expression profiles of maize after SCMV and MCMV single and synergistic infection (S + M) via comparative analysis of SMRT- and Illumina-based RNA sequencing. A total of 15,508, 7567, and 2378 differentially expressed isoforms (DEIs) were identified in S + M, MCMV, and SCMV librari

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24

Obikili, Mary-Benedicta. "Effects of APOBEC3G's Cytidine Deaminase Activity on Retroviral Evolution." Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal 15 (May 24, 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/cusj.v15i1.7788.

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Apolipoprotein B editing complex (APOBEC3/A3) genes are found in mammalian cells. In primates, there are 7 APOBEC3 genes, namely, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3DE, 3F, 3G, and 3H. Previous research has shown that A3 proteins help to inhibit viral infection via their cytidine deaminase activity. However, it has also been found that A3 proteins could also lead to viral evolution, where viruses such as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) instead gain beneficial mutations that enable them to overcome the antiviral activity of A3 proteins, gain resistance to certain drugs used for treating viral infections and escap

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Dhawan, Subhash. "Therapeutic Potential of Inducible Endogenous Cytoprotective Heme Oxygenase-1 in Mitigating SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Inflammation." Antioxidants 11, no. 4 (2022): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040662.

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The inducible cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has gained significant recognition in recent years for mediating strong cellular resistance to a broad range of viral infections, regardless of the type of viruses, viral strains, or mutants. HO-1 is not a typical antiviral agent that targets any particular pathogen. It is a “viral tropism independent” endogenous host defense factor that upon induction provides general cellular protection against pathogens. By virtue of HO-1 being widely distributed intracellular enzyme in virtually every cell, this unique host factor presents a novel

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Mischenko, L. T., L. I. Ostapchenko, and O. M. Filenko. "Effects of clinorotation on wheat's resistance to viral infection." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 11, no. 1-2 (2005): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2005.01.087.

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Fink, Susan L., Teshika R. Jayewickreme, Ryan D. Molony та ін. "IRE1α promotes viral infection by conferring resistance to apoptosis". Science Signaling 10, № 482 (2017): eaai7814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aai7814.

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Daniel-Carlier, Nathalie, Ashraf Sawafta, Bruno Passet, et al. "Viral infection resistance conferred on mice by siRNA transgenesis." Transgenic Research 22, no. 3 (2012): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-012-9649-4.

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Lopez-Souza, N., G. Dolganov, R. Dubin, et al. "Resistance of differentiated human airway epithelium to infection by rhinovirus." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 286, no. 2 (2004): L373—L381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00300.2003.

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Virtually all in vitro studies of the effects of rhinovirus on human airway epithelium have used cells grown under conditions known to produce low levels of differentiation. The relevance of the results to native epithelium is questionable. Here we grew primary cultures of human tracheal or nasal epithelium under three conditions. One condition produced pseudostratified, mucociliary cells virtually indistinguishable from native epithelium. The other two conditions produced undifferentiated squamous cells lacking cilia. Cells were infected for 6 h with rhinovirus-16. After a 24-h incubation per

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Petrillo, Francesco, Arianna Petrillo, Francesca Paola Sasso, Antonietta Schettino, Angela Maione, and Marilena Galdiero. "Viral Infection and Antiviral Treatments in Ocular Pathologies." Microorganisms 10, no. 11 (2022): 2224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112224.

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Ocular viral infections are common and widespread globally. These infectious diseases are a major cause of acute red eyes and vision loss. The eye and its nearby tissues can be infected by several viral agents, causing infections with a short course and limited ocular implications or a long clinical progression and serious consequences for the function and structure of the ocular region. Several surveillance studies underline the increased emergence of drug resistance among pathogenic viral strains, limiting treatment options for these infections. Currently, in the event of resistant infection

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Viswanath, Kotapati Kasi, Song-Yi Kuo, Chin-Wei Tu, Yau-Heiu Hsu, Ying-Wen Huang, and Chung-Chi Hu. "The Role of Plant Transcription Factors in the Fight against Plant Viruses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9 (2023): 8433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098433.

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Plants are vulnerable to the challenges of unstable environments and pathogen infections due to their immobility. Among various stress conditions, viral infection is a major threat that causes significant crop loss. In response to viral infection, plants undergo complex molecular and physiological changes, which trigger defense and morphogenic pathways. Transcription factors (TFs), and their interactions with cofactors and cis-regulatory genomic elements, are essential for plant defense mechanisms. The transcriptional regulation by TFs is crucial in establishing plant defense and associated ac

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Zhao, Yanxiao, Yong He, Xinyue Chen, et al. "Different viral effectors hijack TCP17, a key transcription factor for host Auxin synthesis, to promote viral infection." PLOS Pathogens 20, no. 8 (2024): e1012510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1012510.

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Auxin is an important class of plant hormones that play an important role in plant growth development, biotic stress response, and viruses often suppress host plant auxin levels to promote infection. However, previous research on auxin-mediated disease resistance has focused mainly on signaling pathway, and the molecular mechanisms of how pathogenic proteins manipulate the biosynthetic pathway of auxin remain poorly understood. TCP is a class of plant-specific transcription factors, of which TCP17 is a member that binds to the promoter of YUCCAs, a key rate-limiting enzyme for auxin synthesis,

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Kielczewska, Agnieszka, Michal Pyzik, Tianhe Sun, et al. "Ly49P recognition of cytomegalovirus-infected cells expressing H2-Dk and CMV-encoded m04 correlates with the NK cell antiviral response." Journal of Experimental Medicine 206, no. 3 (2009): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20080954.

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Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial in resistance to certain viral infections, but the mechanisms used to recognize infected cells remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the activating Ly49P receptor recognizes cells infected with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) by a process that requires the presence of H2-Dk and the MCMV m04 protein. Using H2 chimeras between H2-Db and -Dk, we demonstrate that the H2-Dk peptide-binding platform is required for Ly49P recognition. We identified m04 as a viral component necessary for recognition using a panel of MCMV-deletion mutant viruses and complementati

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He, Min, Zhiqiang Li, and Xin Xie. "The Roles of N6-Methyladenosine Modification in Plant–RNA Virus Interactions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 21 (2023): 15608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115608.

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N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a dynamic post-transcriptional RNA modification. Recently, its role in viruses has led to the study of viral epitranscriptomics. m6A has been observed in viral genomes and alters the transcriptomes of both the host cell and virus during infection. The effects of m6A modifications on host plant mRNA can either increase the likelihood of viral infection or enhance the resistance of the host to the virus. However, to date, the regulatory mechanisms of m6A in viral infection and host immune responses have not been fully elucidated. With the development of sequencing-bas

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Puchkova, Ludmila V., Irina V. Kiseleva, Elena V. Polishchuk, Massimo Broggini, and Ekaterina Yu Ilyechova. "The Crossroads between Host Copper Metabolism and Influenza Infection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 5498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115498.

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Three main approaches are used to combat severe viral respiratory infections. The first is preemptive vaccination that blocks infection. Weakened or dead viral particles, as well as genetic constructs carrying viral proteins or information about them, are used as an antigen. However, the viral genome is very evolutionary labile and changes continuously. Second, chemical agents are used during infection and inhibit the function of a number of viral proteins. However, these drugs lose their effectiveness because the virus can rapidly acquire resistance to them. The third is the search for points

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Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Md Abul Hashem, Bouchra Kitab, and Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara. "Pathogenesis and Immune Response Caused by Vector-Borne and Other Viral Infections in a Tupaia Model." Microorganisms 7, no. 12 (2019): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120686.

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The Tupaia or tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri), a small mammal of the Tupaiidae family, is an increasingly used and promising infection model for virological and immunological research. Recently, sequencing of the Tupaia whole genome revealed that it is more homologous to the genome of humans than of rodents. Viral infections are a global threat to human health, and a complex series of events are involved in the interactions between a virus and the host immune system, which play important roles in the activation of an immune response and the outcome of an infection. Majority of immune response da

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Pokorný, R., and M. Porubová. "Maize resistance to Sugarcane mosaic virus." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2017): 542–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10550-pps.

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Under greenhouse conditions 12 maize hybrids derived from crosses of four resistant lines with several lines of different level of susceptibility were evaluated for resistance to Czech isolate of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). These hybrids were not fully resistant to isolate of SCMV, but the symptoms on their newly growing leaves usually developed 1 to 3 weeks later in comparison with particular susceptible line, the course of infection was significantly slower and rate of infection lower. As for mechanisms of resistance, the presence of SCMV was detected by ELISA in inoculated leaves both of

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Bou, Juan-Vicente, Shuhei Taguwa, and Yoshiharu Matsuura. "Trick-or-Trap: Extracellular Vesicles and Viral Transmission." Vaccines 11, no. 10 (2023): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11101532.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane-enclosed particles produced by most cells, playing important roles in various biological processes. They have been shown to be involved in antiviral mechanisms such as transporting antiviral molecules, transmitting viral resistance, and participating in antigen presentation. While viral transmission was traditionally thought to occur through independent viral particles, the process of viral infection is complex, with multiple barriers and challenges that viruses must overcome for successful infection. As a result, viruses exploit the intercellula

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Wali, Shradha, Jose R. Flores, David Goldblatt, Michael Tuvim, Burton F. Dickey, and Scott E. Evans. "Inducible epithelial resistance protects against acute viral infection and subsequent CD8+Tcell dependent lethal Immunopathology." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (2019): 66.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.66.3.

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Abstract Viral pneumonia leads to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, demanding better understanding of the host immune response to infections for development of novel strategies to prevent respiratory infections. Our group has shown that mice treated with combination of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/6 and 9 agonists (Pam2-ODN) are protected against wide range of respiratory pathogens, including viruses. Mice challenged intra-pharyngeally with Sendai virus showed peak viral burden on day 5 and peak mortality on day 11, overlapping with increased lung CD8+Tcells. We hypothesized that mo

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Yockey, Laura J., Carolina Lucas, and Akiko Iwasaki. "Contributions of maternal and fetal antiviral immunity in congenital disease." Science 368, no. 6491 (2020): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz1960.

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Viral infections during pregnancy can have devastating consequences on pregnancy outcomes, fetal development, and maternal health. In this review, we examine fetal and maternal immune defense mechanisms that mediate resistance against viral infections and discuss the range of syndromes that ensue when such mechanisms fail, from fetal developmental defects to establishment of chronic infection. Further, we highlight the role of maternal immune activation, or uncontrolled inflammation triggered by viral infections during pregnancy, and its potential downstream pathological effects, including tis

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Barman, Tarani Kanta, and Dennis W. Metzger. "Disease Tolerance during Viral-Bacterial Co-Infections." Viruses 13, no. 12 (2021): 2362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122362.

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Disease tolerance has emerged as an alternative way, in addition to host resistance, to survive viral-bacterial co-infections. Disease tolerance plays an important role not in reducing pathogen burden, but in maintaining tissue integrity and controlling organ damage. A common co-infection is the synergy observed between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae that results in superinfection and lethality. Several host cytokines and cells have shown promise in promoting tissue protection and damage control while others induce severe immunopathology leading to high levels of morbidity and mo

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Morales, Heidi D., and Jacques Robert. "Characterization of Primary and Memory CD8 T-Cell Responses against Ranavirus (FV3) in Xenopus laevis." Journal of Virology 81, no. 5 (2006): 2240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01104-06.

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ABSTRACT In mammals, resistance to primary and secondary viral infections critically involves major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs). Although many gene homologues involved in CTL function have been identified in all vertebrate classes, antiviral CTL responses have been poorly characterized for ectothermic vertebrates. Because of the threat of emerging wildlife viral diseases to global biodiversity, fundamental research on comparative viral immunity has become crucial. Ranaviruses (family Iridoviridae) are double-stranded DNA viruses possibly im

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Richman, Douglas D. "Viral drug resistance." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 3, no. 6 (1990): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-199012000-00014.

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Milani, Alireza, Parya Basimi, Elnaz Agi, and Azam Bolhassani. "Pharmaceutical Approaches for Treatment of Hepatitis C virus." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 34 (2020): 4304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200509233215.

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Many studies have been performed to develop an antiviral therapy against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. The usual treatment for HCV infection is a combination of PEGylated interferon and ribavirin which offer restricted efficiency and major side effects. Thus, recent development in molecular biology of HCV and its life cycle led to the design of many drugs that target viral proteins and host factors required for viral replication. These drugs were named as direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that were specifically designed for inhibition of viral life cycle, promising tolerability, short

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Carrillo-Tripp, Jimena, Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria, and Rafael F. Rivera-Bustamante. "Symptom Remission and Specific Resistance of Pepper Plants After Infection by Pepper golden mosaic virus." Phytopathology® 97, no. 1 (2007): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-0051.

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Pepper golden mosaic virus (PepGMV) is an important begomovirus infecting solanaceous crops in Mexico and Central America. Under controlled conditions for growth and inoculation with a low-pressure biolistic device, PepGMV-infected pepper plants consistently showed symptom remission or host recovery 12 to 15 days postinoculation (dpi). Inoculated plants initially developed the characteristic PepGMV symptoms; however, newer leaves presented a significant decrease or disappearance of symptoms. Younger asymptomatic, recovered leaves accumulated lower quantities of viral DNA and transcripts than t

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Sugrue, Jamie A., and Cliona O’Farrelly. "Uncovering Resistance to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Scientific Contributions and Unanswered Questions in the Irish Anti-D Cohort." Pathogens 11, no. 3 (2022): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030306.

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Infections caused inadvertently during clinical intervention provide valuable insight into the spectrum of human responses to viruses. Delivery of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-contaminated blood products in the 70s (before HCV was identified) have dramatically increased our understanding of the natural history of HCV infection and the role that host immunity plays in the outcome to viral infection. In Ireland, HCV-contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin (Ig) preparations were administered to approximately 1700 pregnant Irish rhesus-negative women in 1977–1979. Though tragic in nature, this outbreak (alo

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Wahab, Shadma, Dalia Almaghaslah, Syed Esam Mahmood, et al. "Pharmacological Efficacy of Probiotics in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 8 (2022): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081292.

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Mortality and morbidity from influenza and other respiratory viruses are significant causes of concern worldwide. Infections in the respiratory tract are often underappreciated because they tend to be mild and incapacitated. On the other hand, these infections are regarded as a common concern in clinical practice. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, albeit this is becoming more challenging since many of the more prevalent infection causes have acquired a wide range of antimicrobial resistance. Resistance to frontline treatment medications is constantly rising, necessitating the

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Andrade, Marcelo, Masanao Sato, and Ichiro Uyeda. "Two Resistance Modes to Clover yellow vein virus in Pea Characterized by a Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Virus." Phytopathology® 97, no. 5 (2007): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-5-0544.

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This study characterized resistance in pea lines PI 347295 and PI 378159 to Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV). Genetic cross experiments showed that a single recessive gene controls resistance in both lines. Conventional mechanical inoculation did not result in infection; however, particle bombardment with infectious plasmid or mechanical inoculation with concentrated viral inocula did cause infection. When ClYVV No. 30 isolate was tagged with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) and used to monitor infection, viral cell-to-cell movement differed in the two pea lines. In PI 347595, ClYVV replicate

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Zamora, Anthony, Can Sungur, Ethan Aguilar, Nicole Baumgarth, and William Murphy. "Functionally distinct subsets of natural killer cells help shape and regulate the immune response during viral infection (INC8P.429)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (2014): 187.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.187.2.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play an important role in the immune response against certain viral infections and transformed cells. Historically, NK cells have been recognized for their direct antiviral defense; however, a more complex view of NK cell function has recently emerged highlighting their ability to direct the balance between viral infection and host immunity. While the diverse effector functions of NK cells are increasingly seen as vital components of host immunity, the specific populations of NK cells that mediate these differential effects have no

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Ali, Ayad, Stacey A. Cranert, Michael T. Moran, Sanjeeth Rajaram, and Stephen N. Waggoner. "A BAFF-ling new role for NK cells in promoting marginal zone antibacterial resistance during chronic virus infection." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (2020): 95.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.95.1.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are critical for both direct control of virus replication and regulation of potentially pathogenic antiviral responses. Yet, whether NK cells also contribute to immune control of bacterial superinfections during viral infection, a significant clinical cause of morbidity and mortality, remains unknown. We find that NK cells are vital to prevent a near complete loss of B cells and macrophages associated with the marginal zone (MZ) during chronic virus infection in mice. Establishment of chronic infection in the absence of NK cells results in hyper-susceptibilit

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