Rozprawy doktorskie: „Right dose”

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Heil, Gerlinde Susanne [Verfasser]. "The dose-dependent effect of bone morphogenetic protein 2 on spinal fusion status and adverse effects in right-lateral lumbar interbody fusion in the sheep model : a comparative CT-morphological evaluation / Gerlinde Susanne Heil". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112133011/34.

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Closset, Mélanie. "Analyse de la stabilité de molécules anticancéreuses en dose-banding pour un développement clinique aux implications éthiques et économiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS087.

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Le dose-banding des anticancéreux constitue une standardisation des doses de chimiothérapies à partir d'une dose calculée individuellement sur base d'une donnée spécifique, qu'il s'agisse d'une donnée anthropométrique ou d'un paramètre physiologique. Etant donné l'index thérapeutique étroit des molécules anticancéreuses, la définition initiale du dose-banding tolère un écart maximal de ± 5% de la dose individuelle. Le dose-banding ouvre la voie à une production en série des préparations d'anticancéreux mais l'applicabilité du dose-banding nécessite le respect d'un certain nombre de critères parmi lesquels la stabilité à long terme des préparations de chimiothérapie est essentielle. Le recours au dose-banding pour la production de préparations d'anticancéreux en série et à l'avance dans des unités centralisées de production constitue une opportunité de rationalisation, de fluidification et de sécurisation des processus en pharmacie, tout en réduisant les délais d'attente des patients dans les unités de soin. Le dose-banding se développe dans un contexte qui se partage entre l'utilisation classique de doses individualisées et la généralisation progressive du concept de médecine « personnalisée ». L'objectif de ce travail interdisciplinaire est triple et consiste dans (i) la réalisation d'études de stabilité physicochimiques au long cours de préparations de molécules anticancéreuses; (ii) la comparaison des coûts de production de poches de gemcitabine sur base d'une préparation individualisée et d'une préparation en série à partir de données rétrospectives ; (iii) le questionnement éthique quant à la justification du dose-banding comme pratique de soin et à son positionnement dans la diversité des stratégies de soins. Au niveau technique, ce travail a permis de développer trois études de stabilité physicochimiques démontrant la stabilité au long cours du 5-fluorouracile et de la gemcitabine dans des conditions de préparation et de conservation typiques d'un dose-banding. Il a en outre mis en évidence l'existence d'un biais possible lors du recours aux dispositifs de transfert en système clos pour les études de stabilité. Au niveau économique, l'intérêt pour le département de pharmacie de l'implémentation d'un dose-banding pour la production en série de préparations de gemcitabine a pu être confirmé. Au niveau éthique, l'élaboration d'un concept de « juste » dose des chimiothérapies a éclairé les éléments de justification d'une application pratique du dose-banding tout en l'intégrant aux autres approches de soin
Anticancer dose-banding is a standardization of chemotherapy doses on the basis of a dose calculated individually according to a specific anthropometric or physiological parameter. Given the narrow therapeutic index of anticancer molecules, the initial definition of dose-banding tolerates a maximum deviation of ± 5% of the individual dose. In practice, the applicability of dose-banding depends on various criteria, including the long-term stability of chemotherapy preparations. The use of dose-banding allows the centralized and in advance production of anticancer drugs and represents an opportunity to rationalize, streamline and secure pharmacy processes, while reducing patient waiting times in care units. Dose-banding is developing in a context split between the common use of individualized doses and the gradual generalization of the concept of “personalized” medicine. The aim of this interdisciplinary study is triple: (i) to carry out long-term physicochemical stability studies on preparations of anticancer molecules; (ii) to compare the production costs of gemcitabine bags based on individualized and serial produced preparations, using retrospective data; (iii) to examine the ethical justification for dose-banding as a care practice, and its position within the diversity of care strategies. On a technical level, this work enabled us to carry out three physicochemical stability studies demonstrating the long-term stability of 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine under preparation and storage conditions typical of dose-banding. It also highlighted the potential bias associated with the use of closed-system transfer devices for stability studies. From an economic point of view, the value to the pharmacy department of implementing dose-banding for the serial production of gemcitabine preparations was confirmed. On an ethical level, the development of a concept of “right” chemotherapy dose has shown the justification for a practical application of dose-banding, while integrating it with other care practices

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Tuveng, Marthe Rise. "That is children’s right – isn’t it? : How does Statens Barnehus bring forward children’s rights to be heard?" Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Norsk senter for barneforskning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23726.

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Through qualitative analysis with basis in a theoretical framework constructed by perspectives from sociology of childhood and Freeman and Dwyer’s understanding of children’s rights, this thesis contributes to in depth knowledge and critical analysis of actors perspectives and experience with Statens Barnehus forwarding children’s rights. This thesis has the aim to explore and examine the role of Statens Barnehus and their work with abused children. Through 8 in-depth interviews this thesis set focus on the impact of establishment of Statens Barnehus and their process related to forensic interview and problematize the concept of understanding children’s rights in different institutions. The aim of the in-depth interviews is to explore different actors understanding of `Statens Barnehus´ and how Statens Barnehus can contribute to forwarding children’s rights to be heard.

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Caplan, Luciana. "A (in)disponibilidade dos direitos sociais fundamentais nas negociações coletivas de trabalho: uma reflexão a partir da teoria crítica dos direitos humanos". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2007. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1095.

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The present job intends to show the ideological impediments to the effectiveness of the economic, social and cultural rights, using the critical theory of the human rights and its consequences in the effectiveness of the worker s rights, in special in regards to the clauses of agreements and collective conventions of work. We look for to demonstrate as the theoretical constructions concerning human rights, fundamental rights and worker s rights are marked by elements of the bourgeois liberal hegemonic ideology and which way these theories allow the construction of practices that only are compromised with the reproduction of the status quo. On the other hand, with a hermeneutic proposal which is compromised with the political decisions which had chosen the principles which are in the Constitution of the Republic, we elaborate a proposal of criterions of validity for the conventional clauses that import in negotiation of conditions of work related to human and fundamental rights of the worker human being.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo desvelar os entraves ideológicos à efetividade dos direitos econômicos, sociais e culturais, a partir da teoria crítica dos direitos humanos e seus reflexos na efetivação dos direitos dos trabalhadores, em especial no tocante às cláusulas constantes de acordos e convenções coletivas de trabalho. Procuramos demonstrar como as construções teóricas acerca de direitos humanos, direitos fundamentais e direito do trabalho encontram-se marcadas por elementos da ideologia hegemônica liberal burguesa e de que forma estas teorias permitem a construção de práticas comprometidas tão somente com a reprodução do status quo. Por outro lado, a partir de uma proposta hermenêutica compromissada com as decisões políticas que elegeram os princípios constantes da Constituição da República, elaboramos uma proposta de critério de validade para cláusulas convencionais que importam em negociação de condições de trabalho ligadas a direitos humanos e fundamentais do ser humano trabalhador.

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Nyambayo, Nyashadzashe Faith. "Does Zimbabwe view social security as a right?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76752.

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This research examines the attitude that Zimbabwe portrays towards the protection, promotion and enforcement of the right to social security. Zimbabwe did not have a Constitution that provided for the realisation of the right to social security before 2013. With the enactment of the 2013 Constitution, many people now have a chance to enjoy economic, social and cultural rights (including social security) which ordinarily was not possible in the past. Provision of the right to social security plays a pivotal role by assuring human dignity for people when they are faced with circumstances such as the deteriorating and unpredictable economic situation in Zimbabwe in recent years. This study uses academic textbooks, journals, legislation, international treaties, newspaper reports and other sources of literature to analyse Zimbabwe’s outlook on social security and examines the structures, policies and institutions put in place to enforce the right to social security. The Constitutional provisions for social security are also analysed in the light of international instruments’ provisions of social security to find out if they are adequate and effective in the protection and promotion of social security in Zimbabwe. The study also examines the national polices; the national commission for human rights and the courts to determine their efficacy in their administration of the right to social security. The Constitution of Zimbabwe states that when provisions of the declaration of rights and any legislation such as the provisions for the right to social security are being interpreted, international law and all treaties and conventions that Zimbabwe is a party to must be taken into consideration. Thus, in this study the application and influence on the enforcement of the right to social security by international law and all the treaties and conventions that Zimbabwe is a party to, are scrutinised. Budgets mirror the government’s values and can be reflective of the attitude that a State has towards a priority. That is why the study also examines the budget allocation and spending patterns of Zimbabwe towards the protection and promotion of the right to social security.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Public Law
LLM (Socio-Economic Rights)
Unrestricted

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Kendall, Lynn K. "Does Underwriter Size Matter? Only Within the Right Context". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500223/.

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The initial matching relationships between underwriters and bonds/issuing firms and the certification quality of underwriters, as determined by changes in the issuing firm’s financial strength post issue, are the two primary research topics in this dissertation. Based on total underwriter syndicate market share, two distinct categories, low market power (LMP) syndicates and high market power (HMP) syndicates were defined. Firm financial strength is examined based on a new factor developed in this research. A comparison of the two underwriting categories, or pools, indicates that the HMP underwriters take on firms of lower initial financial strength and additionally, the issuing firms decline more in financial strength two years following bond issuance than do firms using LMP underwriters. Notwithstanding these results, the more interesting findings are the relationships within each of these pools. In the LMP pool of underwriters, financially stronger firms used the larger LMPs to underwrite their bonds, while the weaker firms used smaller LMPs. In contrast, among HMP underwriters, the largest HMPs aligned with the firms of relatively lower financial strength. The relationships in both pools reverse when changes in financial strength are examined. Larger LMPs are associated with greater issuing firm financial decline while larger HMPs correlate with lower levels of decline in firm financial strength. Divergent patterns in initial underwriter-issuer matching and underwriter certification found in this research indicate that there are true differences in the “small” underwriting syndicates as compared to the larger syndicates. These patterns should be considered by both issuing firms and investors as both constituencies contemplate the corporate bond market.

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Martin, Carmenito Marcelle. "Does a right to access to adequate housing include a right to the city in South Africa?" University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5973.

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Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence)
The Constitution of South Africa is often commended for the protection that it affords to socio-economic rights - including the right to access to adequate housing, 'Adequate' housing is said to comprise of more than just a roof over one's head, and requirements have also been set regarding the overall location of the housing provided. Processes such as 'gentrification' have presented a threat to the fulfilment of the abovementioned right. Gentrification results in escalated property prices in the areas undergoing gentrification, with original residents of these areas consequently being unable to afford to stay in these areas and facing possible eviction as a result thereof. Although legislation is in place to prevent homelessness for those facing eviction, individuals who stand to be evicted often find themselves being relocated to state-provided Temporary Relocation Areas (TRAs). As particularly evident in Cape Town, these TRAs are commonly located on the outskirts of cities (arguably in defiance of the Constitution's requirement in terms of the location of adequate housing), and those who have been relocated to these TRAs commonly criticize the remote locations of these TRAs (due to it being far from employment opportunities and other amenities). This has led to a continued demand by individuals facing eviction to TRAs (and advocacy groups) for the state to provide them with alternative accommodation in the inner city and surrounding areas, resembling a 'Right to the City'.

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Hickmann, Roseli Inês. "Dos direitos das crianças no currículo escolar : miradas sobre processos de subjetivação da infância". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13273.

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Esta tese dedicou-se a perscrutar como crianças escolarizadas estão sendo subjetivadas como sujeitos de direitos, a partir dos discursos sobre os direitos da infância em circulação no currículo escolar, tendo como referência a prática pedagógica de uma professora que se dispôs a desenvolver a temática dos direitos das crianças em seu planejamento didático-pedagógico. Constituiu-se como foco da pesquisa e corpus de análise e problematização as produções escritas (poesias, narrativas de histórias, diálogos, crônicas, cartas, desenhos, painéis e diários) de alunos/as de 3a. e 4a. séries do Ensino Fundamental, de duas escolas públicas estaduais de Porto Alegre, ambas sob regência da mesma professora. Também foram contemplados no corpus deste estudo o diário de campo da pesquisadora, contendo o registro das aulas acompanhadas e das interações envolvendo as crianças e a professora; o planejamento didático-pedagógico e o diário de classe da professora; livros paradidáticos e didáticos, bem como documentos oficiais que abordam os direitos das crianças. Esta investigação delineou-se como um estudo de caso com matizes etnográficos. Contou com a inspiração teórica de pensadores como Michel Foucault, Alain Renaut e Hannah Arendt, buscando promover uma aproximação entre suas perspectivas analíticas a fim de fundamentar as problematizações do estudo. A partir dos vestígios do empírico, a investigação possibilitou perceber que os discursos sobre a infância de direitos, ao posicionarem as crianças como sujeitos de direitos, constituem-se como verdadeiros e necessários para o contexto social contemporâneo. As técnicas de si implicadas e imbricadas com as tecnologias de poder, em alguma medida estão mobilizando as crianças, a partir de experiências oportunizadas pelo currículo escolar, em direção a um aprendizado que as potencialize a cuidarem de si, a preservarem suas vidas, pois a vida presente tem urgência em ser vivida e é vulnerável. Outra mirada que a imersão no empírico possibilitou vislumbrar foi a emergência de uma proliferação discursiva sobre a infância de direitos que tem inscrito as crianças como sujeitos de direitos, por meio da imbricação dos direitos-proteção com os direitos-liberdade, no sentido de compreendê-las para além da proteção e do cuidado, mas pelo registro da participação, da autonomia, da possibilidade de terem opinião, de serem ouvidas e de terem voz.
This thesis aimed to scrutinize how schooling children have been made subjective as subjects of rights, from discourses on the childhood rights within the school curriculum, having as reference the pedagogical practice of a teacher who accepted to develop the children’s rights thematic in her didactic-pedagogical planning. The focus of the research and corpus of analysis and questioning, the written productions (poetry, chronicles, dialogues, short stories, letters, drawings, panels and diaries) of students in the 3rd and 4th degrees of Elementary Education of two Public State Schools in Porto Alegre, both being taught by the same teacher. It was contemplated in this study the researcher’s field diary, with the registration of the observed classes and the interactions involving the children and the teacher; the didactic-pedagogical planning and the teacher’s class register; para didactic and didactic books, as well as official documents that encompass the children’s rights. This investigation was outlined as a case study with ethnographic hues. It was considered the theoretical inspiration of thinkers such as Michel Foucault, Alain Renaut and Hannah Arendt, trying to promote an approach among their analytical perspectives in order to fundament the questioning of the study. From vestiges of the empiric, the investigation made it possible to notice that the discourses on the childhood rights, by placing the children as subjects of rights, constitute themselves as actual and necessary to the contemporary social context. The self techniques implicated and imbricated with the technologies of power, to a certain extent, are mobilizing the children, from experiences offered by the school curriculum towards a learning that allows them to take care of themselves, to preserve their lives, because the current life urges to be lived and is vulnerable. Another look that the immersion in the empiric made possible to discern was the emergency of a discursive proliferation on the childhood rights that have inscribed children as subjects of rights, through the imbrication of the protection-right with the liberty-right, in the sense of understanding them beyond protection and care, but by the register of participation, autonomy, the possibility of having opinion, being heard and having voice.

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Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Alvaro Taype-Rondan i Elías Reneé Pereyra. "Does physicians’ right to strike outweigh students’ right to an education? The on-going ethical dilemma in Peru". Co-Action Publishing, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/313754.

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Although often viewed as an action of last resort, going on strike remains a legal and often effective option for physicians seeking labor improvements and better working conditions. Indeed, in some countries, there have been reports of strikes by physicians (1, 2), followed by ensuing discussions of potential ethical implications (3 5). However, little has been said about the consequences of such a mass labor stoppage on undergraduate medical education and those students who aspire to the profession.
Revisión por pares

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Lim, Desiree Yuet Cheng. "Does the right to exclude violate the demands of moral equality?" Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/does-the-right-to-exclude-violate-the-demands-of-moral-equality(224b881b-224e-4b31-a7b8-eebc23bab685).html.

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This thesis draws on the principle of moral equality to develop a novel critique of a range of practices apparently licensed by the idea that the state has a right to exclude. The state’s right to exclude can be understood as consisting of three conceptually distinct rights: a right to exclude outsiders from its territory, a right to exclude them from settling within the territory, and a right to exclude them from acquiring citizenship status. It is widely acknowledged that the right to exclude has its limits. But on what grounds do we think the right to exclude must be limited, and how extensive are those limits? It is common to argue that the right to exclude must be constrained by the principle of moral equality: the idea that all persons are of equal moral worth, by virtue of their shared humanity. Indeed, in the existing literature, there has been one powerful attempt to show that the right to exclude always violates the requirements of moral equality, by distinguishing between citizens and non-citizens on the basis of a factor that is morally arbitrary: their nationality. According to that line of argument, there can be no right to exclude. In this thesis, I make a different move. I argue that we need to pay attention to the ways in which exercises of the right to exclude violate another key demand that emerges from the idea that we are all of equal moral worth. I focus on the idea of social equality, and on the relationship between this and the demand for respect. The central claim of my thesis is that borders do not just passively stand in the way, blocking people from pursuing the equal opportunities to which they are entitled. The exercise of the right to exclude also actively licenses disrespectful policies towards non-citizens, and in some cases, citizens as well. I examine three such examples: the detention and deportation of non-citizens, discrimination against low-skilled migrants, and the denationalization of citizens who are dual nationals, for the purposes of national security. In order to uphold the demands of moral equality, we need to rethink the existing social structures and institutional contexts that are bound up with states’ exercise of the right to exclude.

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Chaddad, Maria Cecília Cury. "Direito à informação: proteção dos direitos à saúde e à alimentação da população com alergia alimentar". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6174.

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This study aim to protect the rights to health and adequate food of the population with food allergy, estimated at about 8% of children and 3% to 5% of adults, arguing there is a need for the provision of information about allergens on product labels, as well as along consumers service assistance (such as electronic websites and phone numbers). It is pointed the interrelationship between the right to health and right to life as well as that between the right to health and the right to adequate food, rights whose effective protection depend on the consumers access to information. The relevance of the topic regarding the right to information about the presence of allergens and feasibility of the proposal of the obligation of allergens labeling are demonstrated through the analysis of existing standards relating to food labeling in Brazil, as well as which treatment given to the issue of labeling of allergens in comparative law. Finally, on the premise that people with food hypersensitivity need to maintain a diet that excludes the presence of allergens, as a way to ensure their well-being and their life with dignity, it is pointed to the State's responsibility to protect the rights to health and to adequate food of this portion of the Brazilian population, with the regulating of the duty of providing information about the presence (or absence) of such substances in food available for consumption for part of the food industry, although this presence give up unintentionally (traces), which depends on compliance with good manufacturing practices for food products and careful risk assessment
Este trabalho objetiva tutelar os direitos à saúde e à alimentação adequada da população com alergia alimentar, estimada em cerca de 8% das crianças e entre 3% e 5% dos adultos, sustentando a necessidade de que haja a disponibilização de informações a respeito de substâncias alérgenas nos rótulos dos produtos, assim como junto aos canais de atendimento ao consumidor (como sítios eletrônicos e telefones). Como fundamentação, aponta para a inter-relação existente entre o direito à saúde e o direito à vida, assim como aquela existente entre o direito à saúde e o direito à alimentação adequada, direitos cuja tutela efetiva dependem do acesso à informação por parte dos consumidores. A relevância do tema, atinente ao direito à informação quanto à presença de alérgenos e a viabilidade da proposta de rotulagem obrigatória, é demonstrada a partir da análise das atuais normas relacionadas à rotulagem de alimentos no Brasil, assim como qual o tratamento conferido ao tema da rotulagem de alérgenos no direito comparado. Por fim, partindo da premissa de que as pessoas com hipersensibilidade alimentar necessitam manter uma dieta que exclua a presença de alérgenos, como forma de se garantir o seu bem-estar e sua existência digna, aponta-se a responsabilidade do Estado em proteger os direitos à saúde e à alimentação adequada desta parcela da população brasileira, através da regulamentação do dever de disponibilização de informações quanto à presença (ou ausência) de tais substâncias nos alimentos disponibilizados ao consumo por parte das indústrias alimentícias, ainda que tal presença se dê de forma involuntária (traços), o que depende da observância de boas práticas de produção de produtos destinados à alimentação e criteriosa avaliação de riscos

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Acca, Thiago dos Santos. "Uma análise da doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais: saúde, educação e moradia entre os anos de 1964 e 2006". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-03052010-105409/.

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O presente trabalho pretende sistematizar e analisar a doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais (direito à saúde, educação e moradia) produzida entre os anos de 1964 e 2006. O seu desenvolvimento ocorre em quatro capítulos. No capítulo I, apresento quais foram os critérios utilizados para a coleta dos textos jurídicos (artigos de revistas, capítulos de livro e livros). Um dos pontos importantes para esta pesquisa é justamente o levantamento bibliográfico. Assim detalhei todos os procedimentos seguidos para obter os textos que compõem o que denomino \"doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais\". O capítulo II traz o arcabouço teórico necessário para uma análise da doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais. Dedico o capítulo III para retratar a doutrina brasileira dos direitos sociais. Esse retrato está construído em dois momentos distintos. No primeiro momento, exponho tal doutrina em números mostrando a produção de textos referente aos anos de 1964-2006. No segundo momento, sistematizo-a a partir de temas que são abordados pela própria doutrina. Assim, mostro (a) quais são os temas considerados relevantes; (b) quais são as respostas construídas para os problemas relacionados aos direitos sociais. Assim, retrato a doutrina a partir dela própria sem pressupor quais seriam os temas mais importantes. Pretendi dar voz completa aos textos sem aparecer como doutrinador neste momento. Por fim, no capítulo IV, analiso a doutrina a partir da minha lente teórica criticando-a, propondo uma agenda de debate e destacando suas características.
This thesis surveys and analyses Brazilian legal scholarship on social rights (rights to healthcare, education and housing) between 1964 and 2006. Chapter I presents the methodology for the selection of the texts used (journal articles, book chapters and books) so as to explain in detail the criteria for the formation of a corpus of what I call the Brazilian social rights doctrine. Chapter II examines the theory used in this thesis. Chapter III examines such doctrine first by presenting data on the volume of texts published between 1964 and 2006 and then by organizing them according to their subject matter. This strategy allows one to (a) identify topics considered relevant by scholars in different moments; (b) identify the answers offered by scholars to the problem of social rights. Chapter IV critically analyses the Brazilian social rights doctrine and offers an agenda for future debate.

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Klose, Simon. "Does the right to culture entail a right to gender discrimination? : the position of women in South African customary law". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-147416.

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Costa, Maria D'Assunção. "O direito de acesso à energia: meio e pré-condição para o exercício do diretio ao desenvolvimento e dos direitos humanos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-11082011-112846/.

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Esta tese apresenta o Direito de Acesso à Energia (DAE) como parte do Direito ao Desenvolvimento (DD) o qual é um desmembramento dos Direitos Humanos (DHs) previstos na Declaração Universal assinada em 1948. Percorre a evolução histórica desses Direitos para chegar ao modelo de desenvolvimento mais colaborativo discutido na década de 90 e no início deste Século. Apontam-se os compromissos do Estado contemporâneo e dos seus governantes para o atendimento dos Direitos que são inerentes a todos os cidadãos. Demonstra que o DAE é pré-condição e um meio para o exercício de outros DHs como o Direito à vida, à moradia, ao trabalho, à água, ao mínimo alimentar e à inclusão digital, esta última decorrente do avanço do cyber-space e da global society e por isso um dever irrecusável do Governo e do Estado. Depois se descreve a estrutura normativa dos serviços de energia que começaram como públicos transitaram pela denominação de utilidade pública e essencial para no final serem todos serviços ao público, independentemente do regime de concessão ou autorização. Além disso, também se analisa a diferença entre as políticas energéticas de tarifa social e o Programa Luz para Todos (LpT) num nítido reconhecimento das obrigações governamentais e estatais. No estudo de caso narram-se alguns exemplos de localidades onde o esforço da população, aliado à tecnologia e vontade política se gera energia e como isso se fez dos seus usuários os protagonistas da sua própria história. Por fim, confirma-se que os DHs são Direitos em movimento e por isso não há como estabelecer a quantidade mínima de energia sendo o DAE a base para todos os outros Direitos.
The purpose of this dissertation is to present in this 21st Century, the Energy Right (ER) as part of the Right to Development (RD), which unfolds from the Human Rights (HRs) established in the Universal Declaration signed in 1948. It covers the historical evolution of these Rights to reach the more collaborative Development model discussed in the nineties and in the beginning of this Century. It points out the commitments of the contemporaneous State and their governors as to the compliance with the Rights that are inherent to all citizens. It has also been demonstrated that the ER is a prerequirement and a mean for the exercise of other HRs such as the Right to life, to housing, to work, to water, to basic food and to digital inclusion, this latter arising from the development of the cyber-space and of global society and, hence, an undeniable duty of the government and of the State. Subsequently, it describes the normative structure of energy services that started as public, were temporarily referred to as of public and essential interest and in the end were all established as services to public, regardless of the concession system or authorization. Moreover, it also analyses the difference between the energy policies for social rate and the Program Luz para Todos (Light for All) in a clear acknowledgement of the government and state obligations. The case study depicts some examples of locations where the population effort allied to the technology and political will generates energy and how that transformed users into main characters of their own history. Finally, it is confirmed that the HR are Rights in movement and, thus, one cannot establish a minimum amount of energy inasmuch as the ER is the base for all other Rights in The XXI Century.

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Jere, Victor Makhubalo. "The right to equality in the work place for persons with physical disablities in Malawi : does the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilites offer any hope?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8059.

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The study is critically analysing the current legal framework in Malawi in so far as the right to equality and non-discrimination in the work place and the right to work for people with physical disabilities (PWPDs) is concerned. The paper will assess whether Malawi’s legal framework effectively protects the right to equality and non-discrimination in the work place for PWPDs in conformity with international standards. Finally, the paper will, in the event that Malawi’s legal framework does not conform to international standards, offer suggestions on how it can be reformed to comply with international standards, especially the Convention on the Rights of People With Disabilities
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof Michelo Hansungule of the Centre of Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM

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Basilio, Dione Ribeiro. "Direito à educação: um direito essencial ao exercício da cidadania. Sua proteção à luz da teoria dos direitos fundamentais e da Constituição Federal brasileira de 1988". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-02122009-152046/.

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A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a educação fundamental. Procura-se analisar qual a concepção de educação mais adequada ao exercício da cidadania no Estado social Democrático de Direito. Pela qualificação do direito à educação como um direito social, buscamos desenvolver a proteção que a ele se direciona segundo uma teoria de Direitos Humanos e segundo o os princípios da Constituição Federal de 1988. Por fim, analisamos sua justiciabilidade, mediante o reconhecimento da necessidade de sua defesa individual e coletiva em juizo, facilitada por sua qualificação como direito público subjetivo pela Constituição de 1988.
This current dissertation aims to study elementary education. It intends to analyze the most satisfactory theory of education to the exercise of citizenship under the Social Democratic State. According to its nature of a social right, the right to education is analyzed under the Human Rights theory and under the principles 1988 Federal Constitution. At last, we have faced its court demanding by the recognition of an individual and a collective defense, facilitated by its qualification as an public subjective right by the 1988 Constitution.

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Guevara, Gil Armando. "How does the water right work 3 300 meters above sea level?" Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115357.

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The authorities in charge of managing our Andean basins work in unimaginable water-powered landscapes from the Peruvian legislator point of view. They should generate and apply peculiar mechanisms. Why? Because the national legislator is traditionally positioned on the coast, a region very different to the Andean highlands and punas. The use of ethnographic evidence coming from a drainage basin in the Central Andes (Mantaro River, Junin) lets me depict in detail how public officers appeal to mechanisms of location, adaptation and regulation in order to adjust the official regulations, to cover the needs of the farming organizations of watering, and to affirm their positions as representatives of the Peruvian government. The consequence is that they exceed and also violate the regulatory channels that control their administrative functions. In this way, they incorporate a new function to their official position, that is, to develop peculiar administrative patterns to process the tightness between the inflexibility of the State Water Right and the demands of recognition and balance that the andean watering organizations propose to the Government.
Las autoridades encargadas de gestionar nuestras cuencas andinas ejercen sus funciones en paisajes hidráulicos inimaginables para el legislador peruano. Para ello deben generar y aplicar mecanismos peculiares. ¿Por qué? Porque el legislador nacional se encuentra tradicionalmente parapetado en la costa, una región muy diferente a las sierras y punas andinas. El uso de evidencia etnográfica proveniente de una cuenca hidrográfica de los Andes Centrales (Río Mantaro, Junín) me permite detallar cómo los funcionarios estatales apelan a los mecanismos de localización, adaptación y regularización con el fin de modular la normatividad oficial, atender las necesidades de las organizaciones campesinas de riego y afirmar su papel como representantes del Estado peruano. El resultado es que desbordan y hasta violan los cauces normativos que regulan sus funciones administrativas. De este modo, incorporan una nueva función a su papel oficial que consiste en desarrollar peculiares prácticas administrativas para procesar la tensión entre la rigidez del derecho estatal de aguas y las demandas de reconocimiento y articulación que los regantes andinos le plantean al Estado.

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Britz, Jaco. "Does the tax administration act sufficiently protect the taxpayers' right to privacy or provide the taxpayer with a right to be informed?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8564.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation endeavours to establish whether the Tax Administration Act sufficiently protects the taxpayers' constitutional rights to privacy and right to be informed. Specifically it will be investigating these rights versus the powers provided to SARS under the different fiscal statutes to access information and to exchange information internationally. The research focussed on the rights conferred on taxpayers in terms of the Constitution versus the powers awarded to SARS in terms of the Tax Administration Act and the Income Tax Act. The research included other relevant fiscal statutes, books, case law, websites, articles and comments of experts. It has been said that the Commissioner of SARS has "draconian powers" that infringe on the rights of taxpayers. My research concludes that most of these rights are reasonable and justifiable limited in the interest of a democratic society in order to fund the administrative and financial burden on the state. The current society with advanced information technology has resulted in information being easily accessible and transferred and accordingly our privacy is being more invaded than before. This is also the case in dealings with the tax authorities but is considered a justifiable infringement in order to collect taxes to finance an open and democratic society. Tax authorities around the world are entering into tax information exchange agreements that make the sharing of taxpayer information permissible by law. The search and seizure powers without a warrant are substantially unconstitutional. It should be noted that these powers have been challenged in court and the Commissioner will not easily authorise such actions without being convinced that his actions are above the law. Taxpayers' will therefore not be subject to these powers on a regular basis. Taxpayers' are not always informed of their right to administrative justice that ensures lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair administrative actions by the Commissioner. The newly appointed tax ombudsman will be a more cost effective remedy for challenging the powers of SARS and it is likely that the future will bring about more precedents that will prevent the abuse of powers. The Tax Ombudsman will have a duty to educate taxpayers' about their rights and also to educate the SARS officials on reasonable and procedurally fair conduct.

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Mota, Jorge Manuel Guedes Silva. "Representações dos africano-americanos em Do the right thing de Spike Lee". Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade Aberta, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29222.

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Ferreira, Nicholas. "Human Rights, Justice, and Feasibility : Does 'Ought' Imply 'Can'". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517120.

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Tezine, Adriana Vacare. "Política urbana perante a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5681.

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The aim of the current work is to search on a survey and to highlight what are the legal procedures which generates the effectiveness on the fundamental laws being performed in urban police, being it from the new definition brought by the Federal Constitution and under Law n. 10.257/01 City Statute. Such study may be justified due to the need on turning it onto real and effective the fundamental rights intrinsic to the Human being itself and, aiming in having it granted formally in legal texts. The urban issue is global due to dealing with local issues where people usually, the majority, live. The accomplishment of basic rights is a subject that has been caught into attention from the jurisconsult, whether being from the State, Society and specially by the ripening of the Democratic State (Brazilian Rights). Article 182 from Carta Magna adjudicates the public power, municipal one, the competence to perform the urban police on development, aimed in organizing the entire growth of social functions on the city and assuring the wellness of its population as of the general guidelines settled under the law. The urban politics, a legal and belonging to the State law, is required in order to control the urban growth, highlighted upon new rules settled by the City Statute, which imposed relevant guidelines as the sustainable cities´ right to it, understood as the right to urban housing, environment sanitation, urban infrastructure, transportations and public services, besides work, leisure, for the current one and future generations; democratic management by the taking part of the population and associations representing distinct segments of a community; the need of planning and to cooperate among federated, society and so far. In order to have such work developed the object of this study has been urban politics, its guidelines and the instruments containing into the City Statute; Municipal organ, competencies of federated beings on urban tasks; the set of rules besides the principles compounding the Urban Law; fundamental rights, its systematic and specific application on urban politics. Thus, it is presented three mechanisms which contribute for the effectiveness of fundamental law on urban politics, undertaken in the Federal Constitution and the City Statute: finally, the assurance of having the participative democracy; the broaden chance to access to judiciary basis, highlighting the institution of urban side of it, such as the forensic tutorship coming from the public civil action besides the systemic and global protection of human rights
O objetivo do presente trabalho é a pesquisa e o apontamento de mecanismos jurídicos que promovam a efetividade de direitos fundamentais na execução da política urbana, a partir dos novos delineamentos trazidos pela Constituição Federal e pela Lei nº 10.257/01 Estatuto da Cidade. O estudo se justifica pela necessidade de tornar realmente efetivos os direitos fundamentais inerentes à pessoa humana, a par de serem garantidos formalmente nos textos legais. A questão urbana é universal, por se tratar do local em que vive a maioria das pessoas. A concretização de direitos fundamentais é problema que vem recebendo atenção de juristas, do Estado e da sociedade, em especial pelo amadurecimento do Estado Democrático de Direito brasileiro. O artigo 182 da Carta Magna atribui ao Poder Público municipal a competência para executar a política de desenvolvimento urbano, com objetivo de ordenar o pleno desenvolvimento das funções sociais da cidade e garantir o bem-estar de seus habitantes, conforme diretrizes gerais fixadas em lei. A política urbana, atividade estatal exigida para o controle do desenvolvimento urbano, apresenta-se como poderoso instrumento para a efetivação de direitos fundamentais no meio urbano, notadamente diante do novo regramento instituído pelo Estatuto da Cidade, que impôs diretrizes relevantes como o direito a cidades sustentáveis, entendido como o direito à terra urbana, à moradia, ao saneamento ambiental, à infraestrutura urbana, ao transporte e aos serviços públicos, ao trabalho e ao lazer, para as presentes e futuras gerações; a gestão democrática por meio da participação da população e de associações representativas dos vários segmentos da comunidade; a necessidade de planejamento e a cooperação entre os entes federados e a sociedade. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram objeto de estudo a política urbana, suas diretrizes e instrumentos contidos no Estatuto da Cidade; o Município e as competências dos entes federados nas tarefas urbanísticas; o conjunto de regras e princípios que compõem o Direito Urbanístico; os direitos fundamentais, sua sistemática e aplicação específica na política urbana. Finalmente, são apresentados três mecanismos que contribuem para a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais na política urbana, contidos na Constituição Federal e no Estatuto da Cidade: a garantia da democracia participativa; a ampliação da possibilidade de acesso ao Judiciário, notadamente pela instituição da ordem urbanística como bem jurídico passível de tutela por ação civil pública e o sistema internacional de proteção dos direitos humanos

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Cardoso, Daniel João Rocha. "A gestão de recursos humanos e o direito à desconexão". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20852.

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Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos Humanos
O direito à desconexão é um tema que tem sido debatido um pouco por todo o mundo. Todavia, não existem alterações e ajustamentos adequados aos tempos de trabalho nas profissões. Logo, cria-se um fosso enorme entre a vida profissional e a vida pessoal das pessoas. Assim, o presente estudo visa, fundamentalmente, sensibilizar os interessados para esta temática. Procura contribuir ativamente para um movimento que permita criar medidas legislativas que possibilitem um equilíbrio entre a atividade profissional e a harmonia no seio familiar.
The right to disconnect is a topic that has been debated frequently around the world. However, there have been no appropriate adjustments to working hours. Therefore, creating a huge gap between people's professional and personal lives. The present study aims to raise awareness among those interested about the subject, actively seeking to contribute to a movement that allows the creation of legislative initiatives that enable the balance between professional activity and harmony with family life.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Gavrila, Rebecca Lynn. ""If you haven't made somebody angry, you haven't done something right" Larry Kramer's outsider persona /". Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1124717883.

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Gavrila, Rebecca Lynn. "“If You Haven’t Made Somebody Angry, You Haven’t Done Something Right:” Larry Kramer’s Outsider Persona". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1124717883.

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Flinkerbusch, Alcides Otto. "A dimensão social dos direitos humanos: estudo para a reconstituição dos fundamentos éticos dos direitos sociais". Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2006. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2384.

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Este trabalho trata dos fundamentos dos direitos sociais, considerando-os como uma das dimensões dos direitos humanos. O estudo se utiliza do método de pesquisa bibliográfica e se subdivide em três partes. Na primeira, é apresentada a evolução histórica da normatização dos direitos humanos no plano internacional, o que envolve a positivação dos direitos civis e políticos (direitos de liberdade) e dos direitos econômicos, sociais e culturais (direitos de igualdade). Em seguida, são abordados os fundamentos teóricos dos direitos humanos. Nesta parte, faz-se a análise das limitações teóricas do jusnaturalismo e do positivismo jurídico na sua tentativa de justificar a universalização dos direitos humanos; trata-se também da construção da idéia de dignidade humana como conseqüência da fundamentação ética, tendo como recurso a filosofia moral de Immanuel Kant; e, partindo destes pressupostos, são resgatadas as bases dos fundamentos éticos dos direitos sociais enquanto imperativos do Estado Democrático de Direito. F
This paper is about the foundations of social rights, considering them as one of the dimensions of human rights. The study has used the literature review method and is divided into three parts. The first part presents the history of human rights standardization worldwide, involving the materialization of civil and political rights (freedom rights) and of economic, social and cultural rights (equality rights). Next, the theoretical foundations of human rights are discussed. Here, an analysis of the theoretical limitations of natural law and legal positivism in their attempt to justify the universalization of human rights is made; it is, additionally, about building the idea of human dignity as a consequence of ethical foundation, resorting to Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy; and, based on these assumptions, the bases of the ethical foundations of social rights as imperatives of the Democratic Rule of Law are recovered. It is about the debate on the arguments used as theoretical barriers in the materialization

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Lu, Yiwei. "Does the Chinese rule of law promote human rights? : the conception of human rights and legal reform in China". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35808/.

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After more than three decades of legal reform under a promotion of the rule of law, it is opportune to assess and conceptualize the relationship between the legal reform and protection of human rights in China. The rule of law in China has been subjected to much controversy and debate. There are views that China at best desires and practices a rule by law under which the protection of human rights is a far-fetch goal. What further complicates the matter is that China’s legal reform is arriving at “crossroads” as it has exhausted most of the easy part of the reform. Legal reform today faces more difficulty in trying to accommodate and prioritize conflicting values and interests. This thesis aims to explore whether China’s legal reform towards the rule of law promote the protection of human rights. Using the distinction of thin and thick versions of rule of law, it is argued that the party-state aims to establish a Chinese rule of law integrating many basic standards of a thin rule of law. After decades of intensive reform many areas of law have incorporated certain principles of the thin rule of law. This process led to the advancement of human rights protection and rise of rights-consciousness. However, as the reform increasingly concerns more complicated issues that goes beyond “thin” solutions, the thesis argues that the conception of human rights come to play an important role in the decision-making.

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Damascena, Ana Lúcia. "A questão da efetivação dos direitos fundamentais sociais no estado capitalista: possibilidades e limites". Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2397.

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A presente pesquisa propõe uma reflexão crítica sobre a questão da efetivação dos direitos fundamentais sociais no Estado capitalista, a partir da leitura do tratamento teórico dado pela doutrina de Direito sobre o tema. A resposta à questão da efetivação dos direitos apontada pelo debate jurídico é a aplicação imediata dos mesmos, alimentada pela premissa de um Estado como ente neutro, racional, provedor do bem comum, com consequente judicialização das demandas diante da ineficácia ou inexistência de políticas sociais para enfrentamento da “questão social”. Daí decorre a importância de se buscar as determinações centrais estruturais do processo social que impossibilitam alcançar a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais sociais na ordem capitalista, em contraste com o previsto nos textos constitucionais. Para tanto, adota-se na presente pesquisa a concepção materialista da história, a fim de apontar os fatores externos ao Estado e as múltiplas determinações em seu papel desempenhado na sociabilidade capitalista, em cada momento histórico, a fim de traduzir as limitações à questão da efetivação dos direitos sociais e viabilizar a indicação das possibilidades e limites de seu enfrentamento. Indica-se que, embora a atuação do Judiciário seja necessária e represente uma conquista no Estado democrático de direito, este não pode ser tomada como caminho central. Aponta-se a importância do controle social da Administração Pública e da necessidade de organização das classes subalternas na busca de hegemonia na sociedade civil, a fim de criar mecanismos capazes de tencionar, por meio do Estado, a ordem capitalista na busca de implementação de políticas públicas com caráter de universalidade que possibilitem uma maior efetivação dos direitos constitucionalmente previstos e a conquista, inclusive de novos direitos. Na dinâmica capitalista, a expansão das políticas sociais encontra-se no limite da emancipação política e a efetividade plena de direitos sociais encontra-se condicionada à superação da lógica capitalista.
This research proposes a critical reflection on the question of enforcement of fundamental social rights in the capitalist state, from reading the theoretical treatment given by the doctrine of law on the subject. The answer to the question of the realization of the rights indicated by the legal debate is the immediate application thereof, fueled by the premise of a State as being neutral, rational, provider of the common good, with consequent demands on the legalization of ineffectiveness or lack of social policies for Addressing the "social question." Hence the importance of seeking the central structural determinations of the social process that make it impossible to achieve the realization of fundamental social rights in the capitalist order, in contrast to the provisions in constitutions. Therefore, we adopt in this study the materialist conception of history, in order to pinpoint the factors external to the State and the multiple determinations in its role in capitalist sociability, in each historical moment, in order to translate the issue of the limitations fulfillment of social rights and facilitate the indication of the possibilities and limits of their coping. Indicates that, although the role of the judiciary is necessary and represents an achievement in a democratic state, this can not be taken as the central path. Indicates the importance of the social control of public administration and the need for organization of subordinate classes in the pursuit of hegemony in civil society in order to create mechanisms capable of press, through the state, the capitalist order in the pursuit of policy implementation with public character of universality which allow a greater realization of constitutionally provided rights and conquest, including new rights. In capitalist dynamics, the expansion of social policies is at the limit of political emancipation and full effectiveness of social rights is conditional on overcoming the capitalist logic.

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Carvalho, Priscila Cavalcanti de Albuquerque. "Repensando a tesoura: compreendendo o posicionamento dos obstetras diante da episiotomia". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-04012017-094916/.

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Introdução: A episiotomia é intervenção instituída rotineiramente no Brasil, a partir da hospitalização do parto, em meados do século XX. Tida como facilitadora do parto no período expulsivo, vem sendo questionada pelas evidências científicas. Comprovou-se que a intervenção não impede lacerações importantes, incontinência urinária, dispareunia ou disfunções sexuais, e é associada a mais dor pós-parto e a complicações da episiorrafia. No Brasil, há médicos que fazem o procedimento rotineiramente, enquanto outros a praticam de modo seletivo ou, mais raramente, nunca o fazem. Este estudo buscou compreender o processo por meio do qual tais profissionais aprenderam e iniciaram sua prática, se esta foi revista, e as razões do posicionamento técnico e ético quanto ao procedimento, na atualidade. Objetivos: descrever e analisar o processo vivenciado pelos médicos obstetras, e que os levou ao posicionamento com relação à prática da episiotomia, tendo em vista sua formação, sua prática, o posicionamento de seus pares e o ambiente institucional. Método: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, com análise temática a partir do referencial de gênero. A população de estudo foi composta por 12 médicos(as) obstetras que atendiam partos pela via vaginal, obedecendo ao método snowball. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas norteadas por questões semiestruturadas. Resultados: A educação médica, no recorte da episiotomia, dá-se em escalonamento hierárquico, sem que o aluno aprenda por meio de professor, mas entre alunos, do mais graduado para o menos graduado. Transmite-se a insegurança técnica e o impedimento de questionar as indicações, a segurança do procedimento ou lesões decorrentes. Não se discute a autonomia da paciente, os direitos reprodutivos, o direito à integridade corporal ou a real informação para o consentimento. Vários entrevistados relatam dificuldades para deixar de praticar a episiotomia, o que resulta de pressão exercida pelos pares, pela corporação e pela instituição em que atende. Conclusões: É imprescindível a reforma na educação médica, para que professores, atualizados com as evidências científicas, transmitam as técnicas de modo adequado às taxas preconizadas internacionalmente. Sugerese alterar a didática e conteúdo de disciplina que discuta bioética, tornando-a mais conectada com a prática e a ética médica, além de contextualizar a lei vigente. Conclui-se, enfim, pela necessidade de exigir a justificativa em prontuário para a intervenção, a anotação de toda episiotomia realizada e de toda lesão espontânea, além da aplicação de ferramentas de segurança da paciente, adotando uma assistência que promova a integridade genital no parto.
Introduction: Episiotomy is an intervention routinely established in Brazil, from birth hospitalization, in mid-twentieth. Considered as a facilitative intervention in the expulsive stage of birth, it has been questioned by scientific evidences. It was concluded that the intervention does not prevent main lacerations, urinary incontinence, either dyspareunia or sexual dysfunction, and is related to after-birth pain and complications developed from episiorrhaphy. In Brazil, there are physicians that perform it routinely, while some perform it selectively or never use it. This ressearch aimed to understand the way those professionals learned and started their practice, if it has been reviewed, and the reasons for their technical and ethic positioning about the intervention, nowadays. Objective: Describe and analyze the process experienced by obstetricians, and what took them to their positioning regarding to episiotomy practice, in terms of their professional education, their practice, their peers positioning and institutional environment. Method: This is a qualitative study, with thematic analysis, based on gender references. The study population was composed by 12 obstetricians, who attended vaginal births, following snowball method. Data were obtained by interviews guided by semi-structured questions. Results: The medical education, on episiotomy, occurs in a hierarchical scheduling, and the student doesnt learn through a teacher, but through a more graduate student, resulting on technical uncertainty and the impossibility to question indications, the procedure safety or resulting injuries. Patient autonomy, reproductive rights, body integrity or information to the consent are not questioned. Many physician finds it difficult to stop practicing episiotomy, because of intense pressure from peers, corporative and institution. Conclusions: Some changes are essential in medical education, so that teachers, updated on scientific evidences, transmit the techniques adequately to the internationally recommended rates. It is suggested to change teaching and disciplines that discuss bioethics, making it more connected with the practice and medical ethics, and contextualize it to the current law. It follows, finally, the need to require physicians to justify interventions in medical charts, the annotation of all performed episiotomy and all spontaneous lacerations, as well as applying patient safety tools, adopting an assistance that promotes genital integrity at birth.

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Dias, Rodrigo Bernardes. "A incorporação dos direitos sexuais aos direitos humanos fundamentais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-19022013-112936/.

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A presente tese tem como objeto o processo de incorporação dos direitos sexuais aos direitos humanos fundamentais, por meio de uma análise crítica da realidade social existente (no âmbito nacional e internacional), bem como das bases filosóficas subjacentes às posições divergentes sobre o tema, concluindo já estarem presentes, nos principais textos normativos de direitos humanos fundamentais, no âmbito das Nações Unidas, os mais importantes princípios éticos que se entendem aplicáveis à normatização do sexo pelo direito, em todos os níveis de governo, no atual estágio civilizatório, bem como propor balizas para a atuação, por parte dos poderes constituídos, com vistas à consolidação deste processo.
This paper intends to analyze the process of incorporation of sexual rights into the concept of fundamental human rights, by means of critically examining the existing social reality (international and local), as well as the underlying philosophical basis of the incompatible existing positions on the issue, concluding that the ethical principles applicable to the regulation of sex by law are already present in the main international human rights documents executed within the United Nations system, suggesting guiding principles, to all levels of government, in order to consolidate that process.

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Silva, Rodrigo Tellechea. "Sociedades anônimas fechadas: direitos individuais dos acionistas e cláusula compromissória estatuária superveniente". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-11122015-090418/.

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A tese propõe uma análise multidisciplinar e dogmática da arbitragem societária, notadamente do processo de inclusão de cláusula compromissória no estatuto social de sociedades anônimas fechadas, com base em uma deliberação assemblear tomada pela regra da maioria (fase pré-arbitral). O ponto de partida do trabalho é o exame da dimensão jurídica do contrato de sociedade aliado à verificação dos limites da autonomia privada dos sócios na definição da estrutura do negócio jurídico societário, à compreensão da categoria dos direitos subjetivos e dos traços fundamentais que formam a tipologia das anônimas fechadas, incluindo o tratamento dado aos direitos individuais dos acionistas. Ato contínuo, desloca-se a discussão para as esferas arbitral e constitucional, com especial atenção para os pressupostos da arbitragem como método de resolução de conflitos. O cerne do trabalho reside na relação entre a situação subjetiva ativa do acionista de manifestar sua vontade favorável ou contrariamente à escolha da arbitragem e a eficácia da regra da maioria como pilar de funcionamento das sociedades anônimas. Sustenta-se que a escolha da arbitragem constitui um direito fundamental de todo o acionista, cuja renúncia depende de manifestação, expressa ou tácita, de sua vontade, a qual não pode ser elidida ou alterada pelo estatuto ou pela assembleia geral majoritária sem o seu consentimento. Após examinar as correntes doutrinárias sobre o tema no Brasil e as possíveis alternativas para resolver o imbróglio, o estudo concluiu que a alteração legislativa que cria uma hipótese adicional de recesso representa a melhor solução para a problemática.
The thesis examines arbitration in corporate law, namely the inclusion of a statutory arbitration clause in the by-laws of a closely held corporation based on a deliberation taken by the majority rule (pre-arbitration phase). The study starts by analyzing the legal aspects of the corporate contract together with the limits of shareholders autonomy in defining the structure of such contract and the characteristics that form the typology of corporations, including shareholders individual rights. The discussion then moves on the arbitration and constitutional spheres, particularly to the premises of arbitration as a form of settling conflicts. The core of the thesis is the relation between the prerogative of a shareholder to express its will in favor of or against arbitration and the incidence of the full effects of the majority rule as an essential element in the structure of a corporation. The study sustains that the choice for arbitration is a fundamental right of all shareholders, which is why renunciation depends on their express or tacit individual manifestation and therefore, majority deliberation cannot in itself insert or remove it from by-laws. Finally, the thesis provides different scholars understandings on the issue as well as the main possible alternatives to dealt with it. The creation of an additional hypothesis of appraisal right within the existing law is suggested as the best solution to solve this conundrum.

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Lima, Leonardo Franco de. "A justicialidade dos direitos fundamentais nos contratos privados de assistência à saúde". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19389.

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Many were the battles fought for all humanity throughout the ages for recognition of various human rights. The 1988 Federal Constitution, inspired by other European legal systems, especially the Portuguese, brought great progress in the recognition of numerous social rights, aside from concern to confer instruments so these rights could be implemented by the state and the whole society in order that the precepts planted in the constitution were not relegated to mere promises. The health rights is among those the constitutional legislator leaned more concern, not limited to grant it as a public subjective right, but also organized a unique system through regionalized and hierarchical network, involving all political federation entities and the society as responsible for its implementation. This paper assumes that health is a public subjective right, allowing this way its judicial protection. Inclusive, from this point of view, the pact's preamble that established the World Health Organization conceives health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, obliging the Brazilian State to guarantee its citizens all means for health preservation or re-establishment. However, the 1988 Federal Constitution opened to private sector the pportunity to participate in the health system, both in its complementary form, working with the public health system through the execution of public contract or celebrating agreement with the administration, as in supplemental way through private services provided by contracting health insurance providers. This pact should be analyzed from the perspective of another fundamental right, as elected by the 1988 Letter, the consumer right. This way, it is essential to establish the distinction between public and private orms for health rights exercise, through harmonisation between the principles of human dignity and the right to health with other constitutional principles as those who consecrate the private autonomy, legal certainty, the property, free enterprise, the separation of powers, among others. This interpretative task with its various technical analysis allows you to extract from the current laws the conformation between the rules and principles that establish the limits of each legal relationship, private and public, demonstrating an improper intervention of judiciary in fields given for legislators
Inúmeras foram as batalhas travadas por toda a humanidade ao longo dos tempos para reconhecimento dos mais diversos direitos do homem. A Constituição Federal de 1988, inspirada em outros ordenamentos europeus, especialmente o português, trouxe imenso avanço no reconhecimento de inúmeros direitos sociais, além de se preocupar em conferir instrumentos para que estes direitos pudessem ser concretizados pelo Estado e por toda a sociedade, a fim de que os preceitos fincados no Texto Maior não fossem relegados a meras promessas. O direito à saúde está dentre aqueles que o legislador constitucional se debruçou com maior preocupação, não se limitando a outorgá-lo como um direito subjetivo público, mas foi além, organizou um sistema único através de rede regionalizada e hierarquizada, envolvendo todos os entes políticos da federação e a sociedade como responsáveis por sua implementação. Este trabalho parte da premissa da saúde como direito subjetivo público, viabilizando, dessa forma, a sua tutela jurisdicional. Inclusive, sob esse prisma, o preâmbulo do pacto que instituiu a Organização Mundial de Saúde concebe a saúde como o estado completo de bem-estar físico, mental e social, obrigando ao Estado Brasileiro assegurar aos seus cidadãos todos os meios para a preservação ou restabelecimento da saúde. No entanto, a Constituição Federal de 1988 franqueou à iniciativa privada participar do sistema de saúde, tanto em sua forma complementar, atuando junto ao sistema público de saúde, através de celebração de contrato público ou convênio com a Administração, quanto de maneira suplementar, através de serviços privados prestados por intermédio da contratação de operadoras de planos de saúde, pacto este que deve ser analisado sob a perspectiva de outro direito fundamental, assim eleito pela Carta de 1988, o direito do consumidor. Dessa forma, é indispensável estabelecer a distinção existente entre as formas pública e privada do exercício ao direito à saúde, através de harmonização entre os princípios da dignidade humana e do direito à saúde com outros preceitos constitucionais como aqueles que consagram a autonomia privada, a segurança jurídica, a propriedade, a livre-iniciativa, a separação de poderes, dentre outros. Essa tarefa interpretativa com a análise de suas diversas técnicas permite extrair do ordenamento vigente a conformação entre as regras e princípios que estabelecem os limites de cada relação jurídica, pública e privada, demonstrando indevida a intervenção do Judiciário em searas afetas ao legislador

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Osman, Mohamed Farhiya. "Somaliland and Secession : Does the self-proclaimed state of Somaliland have a moral right to secede?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-341649.

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This paper aims to inquire whether Somaliland’s secession from Somalia is morally right considering Buchanans theories regarding secession. The paper analyses the notion of self-determination and secession from the perspective of Somaliland. Further the analysis also discusses the deficiencies when it comes to international law and secession. The analysis also inquires regarding the insubstantial criteria for the right to secede and the unwillingness from the outside world to shed light on the case of Somaliland. The material for this paper consists mainly of literature, published work and research from political scholars. The paper concludes that Somaliland does in fact have a moral right for secession and formal statehood. However, the absence of a negotiating partner (Somalia) and geopolitical location suppresses the chances for international recognition.

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Heath, Matthew David. "Does the right cerebral hemisphere contribute to limb praxis?, evidence from limb apraxia following unilateral stroke". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ53992.pdf.

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Barmen, Viggo. "Does Refugee Migration Make Right-wing Populists More Popular? Evidence from a Swedish Refugee Dispersal Program". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388529.

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Explaining the rising support for right-wing populist parties in Europe during the last decade is an issue that interests both economists, sociologists and political scientists. A number of theories suggest that the rising inflow of migrants to Europe has had an important causal effect on right-wing populist support. However, as migration patterns generally are not exogenous to right-wing populist support, it is difficult to interpret the estimates of a correlation study causally. In this paper, I exploit a Swedish refugee dispersal program as a natural experiment to estimate the effect of refugee inflow on the support for the right-wing populist party the Sweden Democrats using an instrumental variable strategy. Despite detailed institutional knowledge, I am not able to find support for any short-term effects of refugee inflow on the self-reported preferences for the Sweden Democrats. This goes against the findings of most previous studies. However, the multicollinearity of some of my covariates are high. In addition, as the program was introduced in 2016, there are few years available for identification. Thus, the precision of the estimates is relatively low and the study would benefit from adding more years to the panel data set.

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Ater, Brandon Dean. "Does Country-Specific Globalization Impact Private Loan Contracts?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73142.

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In this study I investigate the impact that operating in specific foreign countries has on the bank loan contracts of multinational companies. While previous research has shown that increased firm globalization leads to a lower cost of bank debt, I find that this relationship is attenuated when firms operate in countries with certain institutional attributes. Using income levels, creditor rights, and property rights as institutional indices, I test the association of country-level factors with the priced and non-priced components of bank loan contracts. I find that globalized firms operating in low income countries, countries with weak creditor rights, or countries with weak property rights do not receive the same positive debt contracting features as do firms operating in high income countries, countries with strong creditor rights, or countries with strong property rights.
Ph. D.

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Gama, Fabio Ribeiro Humphreys. "A declaração das Nações Unidas sobre a educação e formação em direitos humanos: retórica e perspectivas de efetivação". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-06062013-152632/.

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Em dezembro de 2011, a Assembleia Geral aprovou a Resolução 66/137 adotando a Declaração das Nações das Nações Unidas sobre a Educação e Formação em Direitos Humanos em sequencia ao processo educativo em direitos humanos - iniciado em 1948 com a Declaração dos Direitos Humanos - que vem em evolução constante, principalmente a partir da década de noventa. A Declaração é a reafirmação da comunidade internacional da necessidade de uma mudança de paradigma e valores que orientem a vida cotidiana dos indivíduos em todo o mundo e que é responsável pelo estado atual dos direitos humanos. Com a adoção deste novo documento internacional, começa o processo de difusão e disseminação do seu conteúdo visando a efetivação do direito humano à educação em direitos humanos - agora indubitavelmente positivado que, sem embargo, deverá superar diversos obstáculos estruturais para a aceitação dos princípios contidos na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, vale dizer, os valores e tradições nas sociedades baseadas no patriarcalismo e no capitalismo neoliberal.
In December, 2011, the UN General Assembly approved the Resolution 66/137 adopting the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training following the human rights education movement started in 1948 by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in an on-going evolution mainly as of the 90`s. The Declaration is the ratification by the international community of the need of changing paradigm and values which orient the life of individuals in daily basis worldwide and that is responsible for the current state of the human rights. With the adoption of this new international document the process of diffusion and dissemination of its content started aiming at the effectiveness of the right to human rights education. Yet, the Declaration must overcome many structural obstacles for the acceptance of its principles, in especial, the values and traditions of the societies based on the patriarchy and the neoliberal capitalism.

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Carvalho, Marcelle Ragazoni. "Regulação dos serviços públicos como instrumento de concretização dos direitos humanos sob a ótica do capitalismo humanista". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6758.

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This study aims to identify how the regulatory state intervention in public services can serve as an instrument for the realization of human rights and therefore of human dignity, considering the constitutional system of the protection of human rights in Brazil. Thus, in this research, by means of specific literature analyzes, it is possible to identify the regulation of economic activity as one of the most important tools to achieve economic efficiency and to improve the conditions for development. In this context, the substantial approach of public interest‟s legal theory of regulation focuses on the rights and values that should be sought and protected by regulation. These rights and values are already protected by economic order and by the Federal Constitution and international treaties, especially the right of isonomic access to quality public services that dignify the human being. According to this theory, the social function of public services requires that private providers of those suit their economic interest to the collective interest, being the end of regulation the promotion of means for a human dignified existence, according to the dictates of social justice, which means the inclusion of all. Therefore, this will take to human development, from the perspective of humanistic capitalism to govern economic activity and we also point to the precepts of governance and the right to good administration, inherent in the so-called "regulatory state"
Considerando o sistema constitucional de proteção dos direitos humanos no Brasil, o presente trabalho tem como proposta demonstrar como a intervenção regulatória do Estado nos serviços públicos pode servir de instrumento para a concretização dos direitos humanos e consequentemente da dignidade humana. Assim, nesta pesquisa, por meio de análises de bibliografia específica, é possível identificar a regulação da atividade econômica como um dos mais importantes instrumentos para a obtenção da eficiência econômica e para a melhoria das condições de desenvolvimento. Nesse contexto, a abordagem substancial da teoria jurídica do interesse público da regulação foca nos direitos e valores que devem ser buscados e protegidos pela regulação. Esses direitos e valores estão já protegidos pela ordem econômica e também pelas demais normas constitucionais e tratados internacionais, destacando-se o direito de acesso isonômico a serviços públicos de qualidade, que dignificam o ser humano. Assim, segundo tal teoria, a função social dos serviços públicos deve imporaos agentes privados, prestadores de tais serviços que adequem o seu interesse econômico ao interesse coletivo, sendo o fim da regulação a promoçãodos meios para uma existência humana digna, conforme os ditames da justiça social, ou seja, com a inclusão de todos. Isso levará, por conseguinte, ao desenvolvimento humano, segundo a ótica do capitalismo humanistaa reger a atividade econômica, com destaque ainda aos preceitos da governança e do direito à boa administração pública, inerentes ao chamado Estado regulatório

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Silva, Filho Manoel Bernardino da. "A saúde nas prisões : uma análise constirucional da (in)efetividade dos direitos sociais atrás das grades". Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/769.

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This paper deals with the public health behind bars. The Brazilian health system has failed to protect those who are incarcerated. Although it is a fundamental right protected by various legal instruments, the right to health in prison has been mitigated by the limits of inhumanity. What is defended in the text is the assumption that the enforcement agencies listed among the essential functions of justice State Public Prosecutors and Public Defender - belongs to the legitimate task of promoting this right through the various guarantee arrangements proposed by the Brazilian legislation. It argues, therefore, the possibility of judicial protection of that right, since it considers such issues as: the existential minimum, the reserve for contingencies and human dignity.
Este trabalho trata da saúde pública atrás das grades. O sistema de saúde brasileiro tem falhado na proteção daqueles que se encontram encarcerados. Embora seja um direito fundamental protegido por diversos instrumentos normativos, o direito à saúde no cárcere tem sido mitigado até os limites da desumanidade. O que se defende no texto é a hipótese de que aos órgãos de execução elencados entre as funções essenciais da justiça Ministério Público e Defensoria Pública pertence a tarefa legítima de promover esse direito através dos diversos mecanismos de garantia propostos pela legislação brasileira. Sustenta-se, portanto, a possibilidade de tutela judicial desse direito, desde que se considerem questões como: o mínimo existencial, a reserva do possível e a dignidade da pessoa humana.

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Wohnrath, Vinicius Parolin 1985. "Laços de família e expertise jurídica : uma análise da construção do direito dos filhos ao afeto". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250718.

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Orientador: Agueda Bernardete Bittencourt
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa objetiva compreender as condições sociais que possibilitaram os debates públicos sobre o afeto familiar. Isto porque, atualmente, tramitam pelo Congresso Nacional projetos de lei para positivar a necessidade dos pais amarem seus filhos - recurso jurídico que ainda não consta na letra da legislação brasileira. Assim, inserida nos espaços de estudos sobre a organização familial e sobre os direitos infanto-juvenis, esta dissertação buscou pelos discursos fundadores, pelas estratégias, pelas redes e pelas ações práticas mobilizadas pelos militantes interessados em legitimar esse novo direito de família. Para descortinar os repertórios articulados por esses agentes, foram tomados como fontes de pesquisa as suas biografias dispostas nos dicionários especializados (origens familiares, habitus, formação acadêmica, atuação profissional, ligações nacionais e internacionais, etc.), os documentos institucionais, a produção memorialística, os projetos de lei, os discursos dos parlamentares e as composições das comissões selecionadas. Ao inquerir a construção social da obrigatoriedade do afeto, relacionando-a com as trajetórias dos militantes que fazem circular determinados padrões, buscamos desnaturalizar o direito - iluminando as disputas, existentes nos campos jurídico e político, para oficializar específicos modos de convivência doméstica nas últimas três décadas.
Abstract: This research's aim is to comprehend the social conditions that allowed the public debate about parental affection. Presently, there are three law projects following the legal channels. Their intent is to turn into a positive law the need of the parents to love their children - a juridical resource that hasn't been integrated to the Brazilian legislation yet. Inserted in the space that studies family organization and children's rights, this dissertation searched for the founding speeches, for the strategies, for the connections and for the practical actions mobilized by these militants who are interested in legitimate this new family law. In order to reveal the repertory articulated by these agents, were taken as research sources their biographies, available in specialized dictionaries (family origin, habitus, academic formation, professional actuation, national and international relations, etc.), the institutional documents, the memoir production, the Law projects, the parliamentarians speeches and the composition of the selected committees. As we inquire the social construction of the affection imposed as an obligation, relating it with the trajectories of the militants who put into circulation determined patterns, we try denaturalizing the Law - bringing light to the disputes placed in the juridical and political fields to officialize specific ways of domestic acquaintanceship in the last three decades.
Mestrado
Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte
Mestre em Educação

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Ricón, Mario Alejandro Mora. "A justiciabilidade do direito fundamental à educação : análise do direito comparado entre dois casos paradigmáticos dos contextos de Brasil e Colômbia". Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4373.

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The rights may be required when they were violated or infringed. The rights are provided for in national laws and international standards such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the covenants on human rights in 1966, among others, to demand them, can use both national justice system as international. This chargeability occurs both in the political sphere (through social mobilization and action by public authorities), as in the legal field (national judiciary and international courts). In the latter case, it is when he is called justiciability. The Universal human rights system established access to justice as a guarantee of social rights. This means ensuring effective judicial protection for the duties of States. Our research of the idea that to understand organizational phenomena of society, which are correlated to the right, a method is necessary in this case, the comparative legal method The current problems that have the realization of the fundamental right to education (restricted and almost privileged access at all levels, uncertain and conditional adaptability, etc.) are dormant. The issue of justiciability of the right to education is dealt with in a right perspective compared between Brazil and Colombia, and is understood as the power of the holders of this fundamental right to require states to respect and protection, making it effective; in other words: it is the obligation of States to provide judicial remedies for such purposes. The justiciability is a way to enforce the rights before the courts, both at the national, regional and international levels, and analyzed in our thesis
Os direitos podem ser exigidos quando foram violados ou infringidos. Como os direitos estão previstos nas leis nacionais e normas internacionais, como a Declaração Universal dos direitos humanos e os pactos sobre direitos humanos de 1966, entre outros, para exigi-los, pode usar tanto sistema de justiça nacional como o internacional. Esta exigibilidade ocorre tanto na esfera política (através de mobilização social e ação pelas autoridades públicas), como no campo jurídico (poder judiciário nacional e tribunais internacionais). Neste último caso, é quando ele é chamado de justiciabilidade. O Sistema Universal de direitos humanos estabeleceu o acesso à justiça como garantia dos direitos sociais. Isso significa a garantia de tutela jurisdicional efetiva para o cumprimento dos deveres dos Estados. A nossa investigação parte da ideia de que para compreender fenômenos organizacionais da sociedade, que estão correlacionados com o direito, é necessário um método, neste caso, o método juridico comparativo Os atuais problemas que têm a efetivação do direito fundamental à educação (acesso restrito e quase privilegiado em todos os níveis, incerta e condicional adaptabilidade, etc) são latentes. A questão da justiciabilidade do direito à educação é tratado dentro de uma perspectiva de direito comparado entre Brasil e Colômbia, e é entendida como o poder dos titulares deste direito fundamental para exigir aos Estados o respeito e proteção, tornando-o efetivo; em outras palavras: é a obrigação dos Estados para fornecer recursos judiciais para tais fins. A justiciabilidade é uma maneira de fazer valer os direitos diante dos tribunais, tanto em nível nacional, regional e internacional, sendo analisada na nossa dissertação.

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Harper, Jennifer L. "Fusion center privacy policies does one size fit all? /". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FHarper.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Rollins, John. Second Reader: Petrie, Michael. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Fusion center, privacy policy, civil liberties, information and analysis center, New Hampshire. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-96). Also available in print.

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42

Van, Regemorter Maïté. "Does the International Criminal Court have the capacity to act in conformity with the right to liberty?" Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/59923/.

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In this thesis I endeavour to answer the research question whether the ICC has a legal obligation to respect the right to liberty and, if so, whether it has the capacity to do so. I also put forward a framework wherein this capacity is made compatible with the legal obligation to respect the right to liberty incumbent upon the ICC and its State Parties. For this purpose, the law that the ICC has to respect is analysed first. Secondly, the human rights regime regarding pre-conviction detention is defined and the respect thereof by the ICC is studied. Thirdly, following the presentation of the arguments related to the pertinence of an application of the right to liberty given the specific context in which the ICC appears to operate, this allegedly specific context is examined and compared with the context of other international tribunals. Finally, after outlining the specificities of the ICC context, several ways to legally eliminate these specificities are envisaged through an analysis of the ICC cooperation regime and the enforcement regime of international human rights instruments such as the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights or the European Convention on Human Rights.

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Insali, Victor. "A proteção dos direitos e liberdades fundamentais na carta africana dos direitos do homem e dos povos". Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/12396.

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Elementos pré-textuais: 14 f. Elementos textuais: 185 f. Ficha catalográfica: 1 f.
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O presente trabalho tem como finalidade demonstrar a proteção dos direitos e liberdades fundamentais previstos na Carta Africana dos Direitos do Homem e dos Povos, levando-se em conta a trajetória da evolução da proteção dos direitos na África, desde o periódo pré-colonial até a atualidade e, consequentemente, até a criação da Carta Africana,considerada um instrumento de extrema importância em amtéria da promoção e proteção dos direitos nesse continente. A ideia da proteção dos direitos humanos do homem africano no periódo pré-colonial está ligada aos princípios da moralidade e da religiosidade, tendo como base os valores culturais e tradicionais presentes nessa sociedade. Esses valores foram substituídos durante o periódo colonial por outros, estranhos à cultura tradicional. Após a independência e com o surgimento da Organização da Unidade Africana (OUA), a preocupação passou a ser a defesa da soberania e o princípio de intangibilidade das fronteiras, deixando-se para o plano secundário os problemas dos direitos humanos. A Carta Africana é um peculiar tratado internacional de direitos humanos, embora com algumas semelhanças com outros tratados da mesma matéria. Retrata uma realidade ainda não efetivada na sua totalidade quanto à proteção dos direitos humanos. Como os demais, representa o ideal de convivência pacifica e igualitária entre povos e nações, mas necessita de pontuais modificações a fim de ser concretizado. Com efeito, no plano fatico, constata-se que há muito a ser feito no âmbito dos direitos humanos, especificamente os previstos na Carta Africana, para que a mesma revista-se de legitimidade e confiabilidade para o povo africano, dada a discrepância entre o plano normativo e o plano material de defesa dos direitos humanos.
Salvador

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44

White, Owen Thomas. "How does the US utilize Islamophobia in Counterterrorism Policy". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103321.

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How does the US utilize Islamophobia in counterterrorism policy? Owen White The 'War on Terror' has been the longest ongoing conflict that the US has been involved in and shows no sign of ending in the near future. The threat of terrorism is something that the US government has continually warned the populace about prior to the start of the 'war on terror.' The the fear that the US places on terrorism focuses on Islamic extremism in particular and can be considered to be unjust. This leads to the understanding that the US takes part in Islamophobia because of its continuation of an unjust fear towards Islam. Islamophobia is an idea that has primarily been associated with individuals instead of the state or media. This thesis utilizes the work of Khaled Beydoun to show how the US has kept the idea of Islamophobia away from the state's sphere of responsibility while also creating policy that takes part in Islamophobia. Beydoun provides this thesis with new definitions for Islamophobia that allow for new conclusions to be made when the state is considered. This is combined with an understanding of how the media covers events and protects the state from the ideas of Islamophobia. The understanding of violence, as shown by Asad, created within the state influences this thesis greatly because of its connection to how the state reacts to attacks. The state has historically targeted minority groups as an "other" that can be targeted with policy and seen as a threat to the populace. This has allowed far-right groups who target minority groups to grow without being targeted by the state, these groups are allowed to continue their violence because it aligns with the states goals. This thesis looks to combine these ideas with case studies of different attacks in order to show how the US utilizes Islamophobia in counterterrorism policy.
Master of Arts
How does the US utilize Islamophobia in counterterrorism policy? Owen White The United States has been involved in the 'war on terror' since the attacks of September 11, 2001. This has led the US to creating policy that has been meant to protect the populace from another attack of this caliber from happening. The policies that have been created have focused on targeting the threat of Islamic extremist violence. This thesis looks to show how the US has unfairly targeted Muslim populations with the policy that it has created, while other threats have grown without being addressed. First, it will be shown how Islamophobia is not something that can only be committed by an individual, as commonly believed. This thesis will utilize new definitions of islamophobia to highlight how the state can take part in islamophobia and how Islamophobia is kept from being associated with the state. This will be combined with a discussion of three different cases, as well as a discussion of how the US creates policies. The US historically created policy based upon the enemy that it had identified at the time, the current case being Islamic extremism. This targeting has generally been focused on minority groups while larger far-right groups have gone about without being targeted. Far-right groups grew in this time period because the state did not label them as a threat and they carried out violence against the targets identified by the state. This thesis will show how the state has allowed far-right violence to grow within the state and allowed it to become a part of the violence within the state while targeting minority groups that have smaller followings and pose less of a direct threat. It will look to show how the state has enabled this growth while continually focusing policy in another direction. Combining these ideas with the cases that are studied allow this thesis to answer, "how does the US utilize Islamophobia in counterterrorism policy?"

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Cruz, Ivelise Fonseca da. "Aspectos econômicos da regência jurídica humanista em face das indústrias alimentícias como garantia à saúde dos obesos". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5971.

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The vast growth of economic liberalism and is necessary to emphasize the man as the center of things, realizing their human dignity through the integral humanism. The incentive of love of neighbor and the exaltation of the fraternity, to compose the relationships and social laws result, then, the preservation and promotion of human health. The strengthening of the brotherhood of the thesis occurs when the clear identification of responsibility of the state, community, society, all in the preservation of fundamental human rights, encouraging the essentiality of the information, exercise and promote the right to food security, opportunity to promote awareness and increasing knowledge of the development of food products from the most diverse. Once the proper identification of obesity as a crop for human rights abuse, is with the literature review that this research aims to clarify the issues that compromise the full experience of human health. And finally, in a positive way, it was pointed out guiding paradigms that help as steps in human progress, in order to facilitate the search for the right to happiness for all in all, for everyone
O amplo crescimento do liberalismo econômico e necessário tem de realçar o homem como centro das coisas, concretizando sua dignidade humana através do humanismo integral. O incentivo do amor ao próximo e a exaltação da fraternidade, ao comporem as relações legislativas e sociais resultam, então, na preservação e promoção da saúde do homem. O reforço da tese da fraternidade ocorre quando da clara identificação da responsabilidade do Estado, da comunidade, da sociedade, de todos na preservação dos direitos fundamentais do homem, no incentivo à essencialidade da informação, no exercício e promoção do direito à segurança alimentar, na possibilidade de se promover a consciência e o crescente conhecimento do desenvolvimento de produtos alimentícios dos mais diversos. Feita a adequada identificação da obesidade como um recorte indevido aos direitos humanos, é com o levantamento bibliográfico realizado que esta pesquisa pretende explicitar as problemáticas que comprometem a vivência plena da saúde humana. E, ao final, de maneira propositiva, apontam-se paradigmas orientadores, que auxiliam como degraus no progresso humano, com o intuito de facilitar a busca pelo direito de felicidade de todos em tudo, para todos

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Silva, Adriano Luís de Almeida. "A pretensão popular de tutela dos direitos fundamentais sociais por intermédio da função jurisdicional do poder público". Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/753.

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The work is developed through a study about historic origin of the principle of segregation of the powers until its modern functional concept, aiming at demonstrating that it is not incompatible with the popular control of the effectiveness of the fundamental social rights through judicial function. Following, it was tried to give evidence to which must be the juridical of the state financial limitations as a main factor to the fundamental social rights, and the way they have to be faced in the process ambient. Finally, the work was submitted to the norms of the fundamental social rights with the approval of the juridical concept of the subjective right in order to give them the attribute of subjective pretension.
O trabalho se desenvolve a partir do estudo da origem histórica do princípio da separação dos poderes estatais até a sua moderna concepção funcional, com o propósito de demonstrar que o mesmo não se incompatibiliza com o controle popular da efetividade dos direitos fundamentais sociais por meio da função judicial. Na seqüência, buscou-se evidenciar qual deve ser o conteúdo jurídico das limitações financeiras estatais como fator condicionante da efetividade dos direitos fundamentais sociais e a forma como devem ser enfrentadas no ambiente do processo. Por fim, o trabalho submeteu as normas de direitos fundamentais sociais ao crivo do conceito jurídico de direito subjetivo com o fim de conferir-lhes o atributo da pretensão judicial.

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47

Jaravani, Motion. "Does the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees adequately protect refugess from refoulement?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4702.

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Chetty, Maushami. "The repatriation process: does South Africa live up to its human rights obligations?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1074.

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"The Aliens Control Act (ACA) was racially biased towards immigrants who were easy to assimilate into the white population. It thus did not accord with the principles of the new regime based on equality and reflected an exclusionist apartheid ideology. Not only was the act itself repugnant, but the practice of the enforcement bodies in arrest, detention and deportation procedures was maligned as well. There were allegations of violence, arbitrary arrest, harassment, exploitation, unfit detention facilities and lack of procedural fairness. This precipitated the drafting of the Green and White Papers on International Migration, the much contested Immigration Bill and the Immigration Act (IA) itself. The well researched Green Paper's recommendations about the shift in focus from control to management of migration were not taken cognisance of. The government, in consultation with US immigration specialists, focused on control to prevent an influx from the rest of Africa into South Africa's newly 'opened' borders. The only concession granted was the amnesties for long-time residents (usually mineworkers and refugees) from SADC countries, but this was not well responeded to. The South African government seemed to be intent on keeping the exclusionist mindset, with a shift from race to nationality. The IA has to be examined to see whether the contents of the legislation which inform the repatriation process meet constitutional and international law muster. This should be done with the background and criticisms of the ACA in mind. The actual practice of the enforcement agencies that effect the arrest, detention and deportation must be measured against South Africa's accepted human rights norms. A consideration of the past harsh and unconstitutional immigration control mechanisms must take place as well to track South Africa's progress towards a human rights based repatriation program." -- Introduction.
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM

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49

Govender, Preshnee. "Does a mineral right constitute 'immovable property' for purposes of the Income Tax Act and double tax treaties?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9170.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This research paper analyses the income tax impact for international (non-resident) companies that dispose of their shares in mining or oil and gas companies situated in South Africa. Typically, a disposal of shares by a non-resident in a property-rich company in South Africa would attract CGT. In the case of the minerals sector, it is automatically assumed that a mining or oil and gas company is a so-called “land-rich” or “property-rich” company due to the nature of its operations. This paper seeks to test that assumption, ie do shares in a mining or oil gas company whose only asset is a mining or prospecting right or exploration or production right respectively qualify as an ‘interest in immovable property’ as that term is defined in the ITA for CGT purposes? To make this determination, the term ‘immovable property’ as it is used for common –law purposes and the potential misalignment of this definition when compared to the term as it is used in the ITA must be analysed.

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Fachin, Melina Girardi. "Verso e anverso dos fundamentos contemporâneos dos direitos humanos e dos direitos fundamentais: da localidade do nós à universalidade do outro". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8123.

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This dissertation is intended to treat, in a plural and critical way, the complex issue of the foundations of human rights and fundamental rights. The debate is not new, since walk down the tortuous roads of the universality of rights and cultural relativism transport us back to the very origin - and genealogy of those rights. However, in the contemporary global scenario, this subject arises with strength. This is because for the theory of human rights and fundamental rights has been particularly difficult to deal with the world that emerges from the clash of civilizations, which marks the beginning of the new millennium. The structures and categories, in theory, and in a practical level, were designed in the light of the dichotomy us/them. In this multicultural scene, raise the challenge of targeting human rights and fundamental rights as a policy both global and cultural, as theoretical artifacts of possible universality, which instead of being hegemonic instruments, are open and influenced by cultural reality. To fulfill this mission, it is important the analysis of the emergence of both the history and evolution of the universalism and relativist matrix in legal discourse. Also important is to mirror this debate by international decisions, which have been confronted by such demands. Currently, there are several possible, though contradictory, answers to the demand. The challenge, that the work will explore, is think its limits and possibilities beyond a single answer
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo tratar, de modo plural e crítico, a complexa questão dos fundamentos dos direitos humanos e dos direitos fundamentais. O debate em questão não é novo, uma vez que imbricar pelas tortuosas sendas do universalismo dos direitos e do relativismo cultural remonta à própria origem e à genealogia desses direitos. Nada obstante, no cenário global contemporâneo, é tema que avulta com força na pauta das discussões. Isto porque a teoria dos direitos humanos e dos direitos fundamentais tem tido especial dificuldade para lidar com o mundo que emerge do choque civilizacional que marca o início do novo milênio. As estruturas e categorias, quer no plano teórico, quer no plano prático, foram concebidas à luz da dicotomia nós/eles. Neste cenário multicultural, emerge o desafio de mirar os direitos humanos e os direitos fundamentais como uma política simultaneamente global e cultural, ou seja, como artifícios teóricos de possibilidade universal que, ao revés de instrumentos hegemônicos, estejam abertos e permeados pela realidade cultural. Para cumprir tal mister, imperiosa a análise do surgimento histórico e evolução tanto da matriz universalista quanto da relativista no discurso jurídico. Ainda buscou-se, por meio da jurisprudência internacional, que tem sido arrostada por tais demandas, espelhar o presente debate. Emerge cristalino que, atualmente, há diversas respostas possíveis, embora contraditórias, à questão. O desafio que se coloca, e que o trabalho pretende explorar, é o de problematizar seus limites e suas possibilidades para além de uma resposta única

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