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1
Lee, Seong Ho. "Familias de polinômios estáveis: teoremas de Routh-Hurwitz e Kharitonov". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45132/tde-02092008-131917/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar os polinômios cujas raízes têm todas parte real negativa, chamados de polinômios estáveis ou de Hurwitz. Para este fim, apresentaremos e provaremos o critério de Routh-Hurwitz. Também estenderemos este resultado para obter uma caracterização da estabilidade para uma família de polinômios com seus coeficientes variando independentemente num intervalo limitado. Aplicaremos os resultados para obter um critério de estabilidade robusta para um sistema de equações diferenciais que descreve um sistema mecânico.The objective of this work is to determine when all of zeros of a given polynomial have negative real parts, called stable or Hurwitz polynomials. We will present and prove the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Furthermore we will extend the result for classes of polynomials defined by letting their coeficients vary independently in an arbitrary finite interval. Then we will apply them to derive a robust stability condition for a mechanical system.
2
Ribeiro, Luana de Lima Silva. "Polinômios complementares de Romanovski-Routh e funções com ortogonalidade híbrida /". São José do Rio Preto, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181028.
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Orientador: Alagacone Sri RangaBanca: Valdir Antonio Menegato
Banca: Paulo Leandro Dattori da Silva
Banca: Ali Messaoudi
Banca: Jorge Alberto Borrego Morell
Resumo: Consideramos propriedades e aplicações dos polinômios complementares de Romanovski-Routh e de funções definidas em [-1,1] que satisfazem uma ortogonalidade híbrida. Estas funções estão relacionadas com uma certa classe de polinômios para-ortogonais na circunferência unitária através das transformações de Cayley e de Delsarte e Genin, respectivamente. Os polinômios complementares de Romanovski-Routh estão relacionados com as funções especiais de onda Coulomb e de Bessel regulares, e além disso, seus zeros coincidem com as coordenadas do ponto de equilíbrio de uma função energia. Também exploramos a expansão de funções em termos de uma série de funções com ortogonalidade híbrida, onde obtemos resultados sobre a convergência e desigualdade tipo Bessel. Além disso, esta expansão é obtida via um método dos mínimos quadrados modificado
Abstract: We consider properties and applications of the complementary Romanovski-Routh polynomials and functions defined in [−1, 1] that satisfy a hybrid orthogonality. These functions are related with a class of para-orthogonal polynomials in the unit circle through the Cayley transform and through Delsarte and Genin transform, respectively. The complementary Romanovski-Routh polynomials are related to the regular Coulomb wave functions and also to the regular Bessel functions. Furthermore, their zeros coincide with the coordinates of the equilibrium point of an energy function. We also explore the expansion of functions in series of functions of hybrid orthogonality and results concerning convergence and Bessel-type inequality were obtained. Moreover, this expansion is given by a modified least square method
Doutor
3
Conrad, Emery David. "Mathematical Models of Biochemical Oscillations". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32781.
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The goal of this paper is to explain the mathematics involved in modeling biochemical oscillations. We first discuss several important biochemical concepts fundamental to the construction of descriptive mathematical models. We review the basic theory of differential equations and stability analysis as it relates to two-variable models exhibiting oscillatory behavior.
The importance of the Hopf Bifurcation will be discussed in detail for the central role it plays in limit cycle behavior and instability. Once we have exposed the necessary mathematical framework, we consider several specific models of biochemical oscillators in three or more variables. This will include a detailed analysis of Goodwin's equations and their modification first studied by Painter.
Additionally, we consider the consequences of introducing both distributed and discrete time delay into Goodwin's model. We will show that the presence of distributed time lag modifies Goodwin's model in no significant way.
The final section of the paper will discuss discrete time lag in the context of a minimal model of the circadian rhythm.
In the main, this paper will address mathematical, as opposed to biochemical, issues. Nevertheless, the significance of the mathematics to the biochemistry will be considered throughout.Master of Science
4
Bayade, Sophia. "Quelques résultats sur la percolation d'information dans les marchés OTC". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5342.
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Résumé : La principale caractéristique des marchés OTC (Over-The-Counter) est l’absence d’un mécanisme de négociation centralisée (comme des ventes aux enchères, des spécialistes ou des limit-order books). Les acheteurs et les vendeurs sont donc souvent dans l'ignorance des prix actuellement disponibles auprès d'autres contreparties potentielles et ont une connaissance limitée de l’amplitude des transactions récemment négociées ailleurs sur le marché. C'est la raison pour laquelle les marchés OTC sont qualifiés de relativement opaques et nommés «Dark Markets» par Duffie (2012) dans sa récente monographie afin de refléter le fait que les investisseurs sont en quelque sorte dans le noir au sujet du meilleur prix disponible et de la personne à contacter pour faire la meilleure transaction. Dans ce travail, nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à l’évolution temporelle de la transmission de l’information au cours des séances de négociation. Plus précisément, nous cherchons à établir la stabilité asymptotique de la dynamique de partage de l'information au sein d’une large population d’investisseurs caractérisés par la fréquence/intensité des rencontres entre investisseurs. L’effort optimal déployé par un agent en recherche d’informations dépend de son niveau actuel d'information et de la distribution transversale des efforts de recherche des autres agents. Dans le cadre défini par Duffie-Malamud-Manso (2009), à l’équilibre, les agents recherchent au maximum jusqu'à ce que la qualité de leur information atteigne un certain niveau, déclenchant une nouvelle phase de recherche minimale. Dans le contexte de percolation d'information entre agents, l'information peut être transmise parfaitement ou imparfaitement. La première étude de ce problème de percolation a été faite par Duffie-Manso (2007), puis par Duffie-Giroux-Manso (2010). Dans cette deuxième étude, le cas de la percolation de l'information par des groupes de plus de deux investisseurs a été abordé et résolu. Cette dernière étude a conduit au problème de l'extension des sommes de Wild dans Bélanger-Giroux (2013). D'autre part, dans Duffie-Malamud-Manso (2009), chaque agent est doté de signaux quant à l'issue probable d'une variable aléatoire d'intérêt commun dans l’optique de transmission d’informations dans une large population d'agents. Un tel contexte conduit à des systèmes d'équations non linéaires d’évolution. Leur objectif est d'obtenir une politique d'équilibre déterminée par un ensemble de paramètres d'une politique de cible traduisant le fait que l’effort de recherche qui doit être minimal lorsqu’un agent possède suffisamment d’information. Dans ce travail, nous sommes en mesure d'obtenir l'existence de l’état d’équilibre, même lorsque la fonction d'intensité n'est pas un produit. De plus, nous sommes également en mesure de montrer la stabilité asymptotique pour toute loi initiale par un changement de noyaux. Enfin, nous élargissons les hypothèses de Bélanger-Giroux (2012) pour montrer la stabilité exponentielle par le critère de Routh-Hurwitz pour un autre exemple de système à un nombre fini d’équations. // Abstract : Over-the-counter (OTC) markets have the main characteristic that they do not use a centralized trading mechanism (such as auctions, specialist, or limit-order book) to aggregate bids and offers and to allocate trades. The buyers and sellers have often a limited knowledge of trades recently negotiated elsewhere in the market. They are also negotiating in potential ignorance of the prices currently available from other counterparties. This is the reason why OTC markets are said to be relatively opaque and are qualified as «Dark Markets» by Duffie (2012) in his recent monograph to reflect the fact that investors are somewhat in the dark about the most attractive available deals and about whom to contact. In this work, we are particularly interested in the evolution over time of the distribution across investors of information learned from private trade negotiations. Specifically, we aim to establish the asymptotic stability of equilibrium dynamics of information sharing in a large interaction set. An agent’s optimal current effort to search for information sharing opportunities depends on that agent’s current level of information and on the cross-sectional distribution of information quality and search efforts of other agents. Under the Duffie-Malamud-Manso (2009) framework, in equilibrium, agents search maximally until their information quality reaches a trigger level and then search minimally. In the context of percolation of information between agents, the information can be transmitted directly or indirectly. The first studies of such a problem were made by Duffie-Manso (2007) and then by Duffie-Giroux-Manso (2010). In that second study the case of the percolation of information by groups of more than 2 investors was addressed and solved for a perfect information transmission kernel. That last study has led Bélanger-Giroux (2013) to the problem of extending the Wild sums for a general interacting kernel (not only for the kernel which adds the information). On the other hand, in Duffie-Malamud-Manso (2009), the authors explain that, for the information sharing in a large population, each agent is endowed with signals regarding the likely outcome of a random variable of common concern, like the price of an asset of common interest. Such a setting leads to nonlinear systems of evolution equations. The agents’ goal is to obtain an equilibrium policy specified by a set of parameters of a trigger policy; more specifically the minimal search effort trigger policies. We concentrate our study on those trigger policies in order to provide more intuitive and practical results. Doing so, we are able to obtain the existence of the steady state even when the intensity function is not a product. And in our framework, we are even able to show the asymptotic stability starting with any initial law. This can be done because we are able to show that, by a change of kernels, the systems of ODE’s, which are expressed by a set of kernels (one 1-airy and one 2-airy) are equivalent to systems expressed with a single 2-airy kernel even with a constant intensity equal to one (by a change of time). We show also that starting from any distribution, the solution converges to the limit proportions. Furthermore, we are able to show the exponential stability using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion for an example of a finite system of differential equations. The solution of such a system of equations describes the cross distribution of types in the market.
5
Serino, Sergio. "Dinâmica e estabilidade em um modelo para populações de ostras". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100132/tde-01062017-120551/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a ocorrência de mudanças de regime típicas de comportamentos em sistemas complexos, em particular no contexto de sistemas dinâmicos aplicados. Para isso, desenvolvemos um modelo matemático que representa a interação entre uma cultura de ostras utilizadas para consumo humano e os processos de eutrofização e biorremediação do ecossistema que as contém. As interações entre as populações de ostras e do fitoplâncton entre si e com a matéria suspensa, subproduto das relações entre os componentes do meio e seu processo de eutrofização, alteram os níveis de oxigenação e a consequente qualidade da ´agua devido `a realização de maior ou menor quantidade de fotossíntese pelas vegetações mais profundas do meio. Neste trabalho propomos um sistema dinâmico de três variáveis para modelar esse sistema e analisamos seus pontos de equilíbrio usando duas técnicas, método de Quirk-Ruppert e os critérios de Routh-Hurwitz, além de resolvê-lo numericamente para um conjunto de parâmetros realísticos (fenomenológicos) obtidos a partir da literatura especializada. Nossos resultados indicam que o limite de extração diária de ostras que pode ser realizado sem levar a cultura ao colapso gira em torno de 4.8% da populaçãoThe objective of this work is to study the occurrence of regime shifts that are typical in the behavior of complex systems, in particular in the context of applied dynamical systems. Accordingly, we have developed a mathematical model that represents the interaction between a culture of oysters used for human consumption and the eutrophication and bioremediation processes of the ecosystem containing the culture. The interactions between the oyster populations and the phytoplankton between themselves and with the suspended matter, that appears as a by-product of the relationship between the components of the medium and its eutrophication process, change the oxygenation levels and the resulting water quality due to the realization of a greater or lesser amount of photosynthesis by the vegetation of the deeper levels. In this paper we propose a dynamical system of three variables to model the system and analyze its points of equilibrium using two techniques, the Quirk-Ruppert method and the Routh-Hurwitz criteria, besides solving the equations numerically for a realistic phenomenological) set of parameters obtained from the literature. Our results indicate that the daily extraction threshold that can be achieved without collapsing the culture of oysters amounts to approximately 4.8% of the total population
6
Izar, Juliana Gama. "O ensino superior em Angola e no Brasil: a cooperação acadêmica entre a Universidade Lueji A\'Nkonde (ULAN) e a Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo (FEUSP)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-10022017-132543/.
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A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo a análise das contribuições e limitações oriundas da cooperação acadêmica estabelecida entre universidades de países distintos. Com o emprego da triangulação metodológica, buscou-se recuperar as diferentes concepções de universidade e configurações tomadas ao longo do percurso histórico para responder a seguinte questão: faz-se possível que países com temporalidade e características distintas possam construir ações conjuntas e colaborar entre si? A partir do estudo da história do Ensino Superior no Brasil e em Angola e da análise do convênio de cooperação acadêmica entre a Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo (BR) e a Universidade Lueji ANkonde (AO), a pesquisa busca responder esta questão levando em consideração as possibilidades e dificuldades originadas deste processo no desenvolvimento de projetos e ações que têm em comum o objetivo da produção de um conhecimento sem fronteiras.This research aims to analyze the contributions and limitations arising from the academic cooperation established between universities in different countries. With the use of methodological triangulation, it sought to recover the different university concepts and configurations taken along the historic route to answer the question: is it possible that countries with temporality and distinct characteristics can build joint actions and cooperate with each other? From the study of the history of higher education in Brazil and Angola and analysis of academic cooperation agreement between the Faculty of Education, University of São Paulo (BR) and the University Lueji A\'Nkonde (AO), the research seeks to answer this issue taking into account the possibilities and difficulties arising from this process in the development of projects and actions that have in common the goal of producing a borderless knowledge.
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Van, Zyl Louise-Mari. "The Garden Route golfscape : a golfing destination in the rough". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1661.
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Moreira, Marília Davoli [UNESP]. "Estabilidade de sistemas dinâmicos: Estudo do memristor". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113825.
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000801690.pdf: 625904 bytes, checksum: 6c904be347933eff6bc28f2d0cf3ad4f (MD5)Neste trabalho, ser a apresentado um estudo detalhado da estabilidade dos pontos de equilíbrio de alguns modelos matemáticos que representam o funcionamento de um ciruito elétrico que possui o memristor em sua composição, além dos outros componentes elétricos, formados por sistemas de equações diferenciais ordinárias de terceira e quarta ordens, envolvendo funções lineares por partes. Em tal processo e de fundamental importância o conhecimento de resultados relacionados a zeros de polinômios, pois a análise da estabilidade de tais sistemas está relacionado a determina ção dos autovalores da matriz dos coeficientes do sistema. Em tal estudo ser a utilizado o Critério de Routh-Hurwitz.
In this work, a detailed study of the stability of the equilibrium points of some mathematical models that represent the that represent the behavior of an electrical circuit with a memristor in your composition, consisting, consisting of ordinary di erential equations of third and fourth order systems, involving piecewise linear functions. In this theory is very important the study of results related to the zeros of polynomials, because the stability analysis of these systems is related to the eigenvalues of the coe cient matrix of the system. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion will be used.
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George, Rodney Martin, i rod george@arrb com au. "Towards performance-based route selection guidelines for heavy vehicles (the dynamics of heavy vehicles over rough roads)". Swinburne University of Technology, 2003. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060629.100558.
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With an increasing number of transport operators seeking permits to operate nonstandard
or purpose-built vehicle types, information is required to assist road authorities
to determine which vehicle types could operate on the road network without
compromising the safety of other road users.
A project was created by ARRB TR to develop guidelines for determining route access
for heavy vehicles. This project was developed in conjunction with the state road
authorities, the National Road Transport Commission and the transport industry to
obtain an understanding of the road space requirements for a range of common vehicle
types. This project is the subject of this thesis.
Two series of field experiments were conducted with six common heavy vehicle types
on public roads west of Parkes NSW. Information collected during these full-scale
experiments was used to increase the knowledge of the dynamic behaviour of these
vehicles and to develop model route access guidelines. Data obtained from these field
experiments also provided information to validate computer models and simulation
outputs.
This thesis showed that:
1) There was experimental evidence to demonstrate that vehicle lateral movement is
excited by differences in vehicle wheelpath profiles (point-by-point pavement
crossfall), which make a contribution to trailing fidelity (swept width), offtracking
and swept path;
2) Vehicle type and speed are prime influences on the lateral movement of the rear
trailer and therefore an important input into the model route access guidelines.
Notwithstanding the practical and safety implications of applying different speed
limits for various vehicle types, speed is a prime contributor to vehicle lateral
movement and should be considered when determining route access;
3) Limited lateral position information suggested that one driver of two vehicle types
position the vehicles so that the tyres on the rear trailer track on the sealed
pavement and not on the pavement shoulder;
4) Based on a statistical analysis of the data obtained from the small sample which
only considered the average crossfall of each test section the relative importance of
the key parameters was (highest to lowest), IRI, vehicle speed and vehicle type.
It was shown that good estimates of lateral movement can be obtained using a double
integration technique of the measured lateral acceleration, without applying
compensation for the trailer roll or the pavement crossfall.
It is recommended that route access guidelines be developed using the lateral
performance of a larger sample of vehicles in each class of heavy vehicles operating
over a larger range of road types. The route access guidelines should contain a matrix
of information on vehicle type/length, pavement condition roughness/profile and lane
width. This would provide operators and regulators with a desk-top assessment tool for
determining route access.
10
Stanfield, Norman. "Rough music, rough dance, rough play : misrule and Morris dance". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1056.
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England is home to a distinctive vernacular dance called Morris dance. One of the reasons that it is unique is because it is a secular dance that is displayed rather than performed as a medium for socializing. Questions often arise from audiences when they try to decode its symbolism and the purpose of its presentation.
Several interpretations have emerged since Morris dance was revived by successive waves of enthusiasts. After reviewing the study and culture of pre-modern and modern Morris dance and its cultural milieu and its principal venue, Whitsuntide(also known as May Day), a potential interpretation is proposed — misrule. The title of my dissertation recalls the famous essay on the theatrical display of misrule by E.P. Thompson titled "Rough Music" (1993).
Using the research that has emerged from the study of carnival behaviour by Mikhail Bakhtin and liminality by Victor Turner, the basic conditions of misrule are reviewed and illuminated. Then the symbols and behaviour of modern and premodern Morris dance are subjected to comparison and contrast with the result that modern Morris dance will be shown to have departed significantly from the premodern template of misrule. This departure may help to explain the dilemma of the current popular criticisms leveled at Morris dance today. However, a complication is raised in which the new misrule interpretation may not prove usefu lafter all because it cannot be applied to the Morris dance culture as it currently exists.
11
Vitória, Aida. "Reasoning with Rough Sets and Paraconsistent Rough Sets". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60794.
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This thesis presents an approach to knowledge representation combining rough sets and para-consistent logic programming. The rough sets framework proposes a method to handle a specific type of uncertainty originating from the fact that an agent may perceive different objects of the universe as being similar, although they may have di®erent properties. A rough set is then defined by approximations taking into account the similarity between objects. The number of applications and the clear mathematical foundation of rough sets techniques demonstrate their importance. Most of the research in the rough sets field overlooks three important aspects. Firstly, there are no established techniques for defining rough concepts (sets) in terms of other rough concepts and for reasoning about them. Secondly, there are no systematic methods for integration of domain and expert knowledge into the definition of rough concepts. Thirdly, some additional forms of uncertainty are not considered: it is assumed that knowledge about similarities between objects is precise, while in reality it may be incomplete and contradictory; and, for some objects there may be no evidence about whether they belong to a certain concept. The thesis addresses these problems using the ideas of paraconsistent logic programming, a recognized technique which makes it possible to represent inconsistent knowledge and to reason about it. This work consists of two parts, each of which proposes a di®erent language. Both languages cater for the definition of rough sets by combining lower and upper approximations and boundaries of other rough sets. Both frameworks take into account that membership of an object into a concept may be unknown. The fundamental difference between the languages is in the treatment of similarity relations. The first language assumes that similarities between objects are represented by equivalence relations induced from objects with similar descriptions in terms of a given number of attributes. The second language allows the user to define similarity relations suitable for the application in mind and takes into account that similarity between objects may be imprecise. Thus, four-valued similarity relations are used to model indiscernibility between objects, which give rise to rough sets with four-valued approximations, called paraconsistent rough sets. The semantics of both languages borrows ideas and techniques used in paraconsistent logic programming. Therefore, a distinctive feature of our work is that it brings together two major fields, rough sets and paraconsistent logic programming.
12
Kinzel, Till. "Die Tragödie und Komödie des amerikanischen Lebens : eine Studie zu Zuckermans Amerika in Philip Roths Amerika-Trilogie /". Heidelberg : Winter, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/515926825.pdf.
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Henderson, Ryan Lynn. "Magnolia Star Route". Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04092007-130126.
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Ogrodnik, Marcel Bogdan. "Markovian rough paths". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/51500.
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The accumulated local p-variation functional, originally presented by Cass et al. (2013), arises naturally in the theory of rough paths in estimates both for solutions to rough differential equations (RDEs), and for the higher-order terms of the signature (or Lyons lift). In stochastic examples, it has been observed that the tails of the accumulated local p-variation functional typically decay much faster than the tails of classical p-variation. This observation has been decisive, e.g. for problems involving Malliavin calculus for Gaussian rough paths as illustrated in the work by Cass et al. (2015). All of the examples treated so far have been in this Gaussian setting, that contains a great deal of additional structure. In this paper we work in the context of Markov processes on a locally compact Polish space E, which are associated to a class of Dirichlet forms. In this general framework, we first prove a better-than-exponential tail estimate for the accumulated local p-variation functional derived from the intrinsic metric of this Dirichlet form. By then specialising to a class of Dirichlet forms on the step-⌊p⌋ free nilpotent group, which are subelliptic in the sense of Fefferman-Phong, we derive a better than exponential tail estimate for a class of Markovian rough paths. This class includes, but also goes beyond, the examples studied by Friz and Victoir (2008). We comment on the significance of these estimates to recent results, including the results of Hao (2014) and Chevyrev and Lyons (2015).
15
Holmquist, John. "NAVIGATION AIDS IN ROUTE TRAINING: INCREASE NAVIGATION SPEED, DECREASE ROUTE RETENTION?" Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4014.
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In the case of one car following another to a destination, it is very effective at getting the second vehicle to the destination quickly; however, the driver of the second car may not learn the route. Yet, for individuals, such as firefighters, law enforcement, and military personnel, it is imperative that a route be learned quickly and accurately and that an awareness of the situation is maintained while they traverse the given route. This leads to three questions, (a) will navigation aids affect initial route navigation; (b) will navigation aids affect retention; and (c) will navigation aids affect situation awareness while en route? The hypotheses of this study were that navigation aids would significantly increase the speed at which a person can initially navigate a route, but the use of the aids would significantly decrease the retention of the route navigated. The findings of this study support the hypotheses. The results suggest that participants that followed a confederate and participants that were given verbal directions were quicker and made fewer errors than participants that reviewed a map or initially figured the route out on their own (control group). The study also showed that as the participants navigated the route for a second time with no navigational assistance, the ones that reviewed a map or that were in the control group outperformed participants that initially had a confederate to follow or were given verbal directions their first time through. Finally, no real effects were found on the participants' situation awareness during the retention portion of the study.Ph.D.
Other
Engineering and Computer Science
Modeling and Simulation
16
Awadallah, Ra'id S. M. S. "Rough Surface Scattering and Propagation over Rough Terrain in Ducting Environments". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30549.
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The problem of rough surface scattering and propagation over rough terrain in
ducting environments has been receiving considerable attention in the literature. One
popular method of modeling this problem is the parabolic wave equation (PWE) method.
In this method, the Helmholtz wave equation is replaced by a PWE under the assumption
of predominant forward propagation and scattering. The resulting PWE subjected to the
appropriate boundary condition(s) is then solved, given an initial field distribution, using
marching techniques such as the split-step Fourier algorithm. As is obvious from the
assumption on which it is based, the accuracy of the PWE approximation deteriorates in
situations involving appreciable scattering away from the near-forward direction, i.e.
when the terrain under consideration is considerably rough. The backscattered field is
neglected in all PWE-based models.
An alternative and more rigorous method for modeling the problem under
consideration is the boundary integral equation (BIE) method, which is formulated in two
steps. The first step involves setting up an integral equation (the magnetic field integral
equation, MFIE, or the electric field integral equation EFIE) governing currents induced
on the rough surface by the incident field and solving for these currents numerically. The
resulting currents are then used in the appropriate radiation integrals to calculate the field
scattered by the surface everywhere in space. The BIE method accounts for all orders of
multiple scattering on the rough surface and predicts the scattered field in all directions in
space (including the backscattering direction) in an exact manner.
In homogeneous media, the implementation of the BIE approach is
straightforward since the kernel (Green's function or its normal derivative) which appears
in the integral equation and the radiation integrals is well known. This is not the case,
however, in inhomogeneous media (ducting environments) where the Green's function is
not readily known. Due to this fact, there has been no attempt, up to our knowledge, at
using the BIE (except under the parabolic approximation) to model the problem under
consideration prior to the work presented in this thesis.
In this thesis, a closed-form approximation of the Green's function for a two-
dimensional ducting environment formed by the presence of a linear-square refractivity
profile is derived
using the asymptotic methods of stationary phase and steepest descents. This Green's
function is then modified to more closely model the one associated with a physical
ducting medium, in which the refractivity profile decreases up to a certain height,
beyond which it becomes constant. This modified Green's function is then used in the
BIE approach to study low grazing angle (LGA) propagation over rough surfaces in the
aforementioned ducting environment. The numerical method used to solve the MFIE
governing the surface currents is MOMI, which is a very robust and efficient method that
does not require matrix storage or inversion.
The proposed method is meant as a benchmark for people studying forward
propagation over rough surfaces using the parabolic wave equation (PWE). Rough
surface scattering results obtained via the PWE/split-step approach are compared to those
obtained via the BIE/MOMI approach in ducting environments. These comparisons
clearly show the shortcomings of the PWE/split-step approach.Ph. D.
17
Fulati, Tayierjiang. "Route de la soie, route de la création : rencontres, frontières, contacts, croisements". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H306/document.
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Cette thèse, qui s'appuie sur ma pratique artistique personnelle, analyse l'identité, l'origine, la valeur et la place de la main dans l'art en sillonnant l'ancienne Route de la soie. J'étudie mon parcours de création artistique, ma culture, mes identités multiples et mes influences au regard de l'héritage légué par La Roule de la soie et la route de La création. La traversée de la Route de la soie s'articule autour de quatre thèmes: la rencontre, le contact, le croisement et la frontière. Les recherches m'ont mené sur un voyage messianique dans le but de répondre aux questions qui me hantaient: l'influence étendue de la Route de la soie sur la création artistique est-elle source de créativité? Comment peut-elle se révéler dans les œuvres d'artistes contemporains? La route de ma création artistique se croise-t-elle avec la Route de la soie? Pour répondre à ces questions, j'ai présenté ma main comme une figure qui me lie à mes origines invisibles. Dans le premier chapitre, j'explore la notion d’identité à travers les portraits de la main, puis j'étudie la notion de frontière visible et invisible. Dans le troisième chapitre, j'analyse le toucher, le goûter et le croisement avec la Route de la soie. Enfin, j'examine le contexte des paysages intérieurs et je tente de mettre en lumière l'héritage caché ainsi que les secrets de l'art local imprégné par la culture de notre région et ce à travers les croisements et les métissages culturelsRelying on my personal artistic practice, this thesis analyzes the identity, origin, the value and the place of the "band" in the art in weaving through the old Silk Road. The analysis of my artistic creation, my culture, my multiple identities and my influences in the light of the legacy of the Silk Road and the road of the creation. The crossing of the Silk Road is structured around four themes : the meeting, contact. The crossing and the border. The research led me on a messianic trip, in the aim of finding answers to the questions that concern me : how the Silk Road influences artistic creation, is it a source of creativity? How can it be in the works of contemporary artists? How it emerges on my artistic creation? To answer these questions, I presented my band as a figure, which binds me to my multiple origins. In the first chapter I will analyze the concept of identity through the portraits of the band, then I will look into the notion of border visible and invisible. In the third chapter, I will analyze the touch, the taste and the crossing with the Silk Road. Finally, I will examine the context of interior landscapes and I will try to demonstrate the hidden legacy as well as the secrets of the local art impregnated in the culture of our region through crosses and cultural mixes
18
Baumgartner, Michael. "Dieter Roth : das Frühwerk /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Roth, Stina. "Molecular genetic background of juvenile polyposis". Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/haart/vk/roth/.
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Roth, Carol Ann. "A survey of perceived social support among pregnant women in the intermountain region". Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/roth/RothC0805.pdf.
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Tezcaner, Diclehan. "Multi-objective Route Selection". Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610767/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, we address the route selection problem for Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) under multiple objectives. We consider a general case for this problem where the UAV has to visit several targets and return to the base. For this case, there are multiple combinatorial problems to be considered. First, the paths to be followed between any pairs of targets should be determined. This part can be considered as a multi-objective shortest path problem. Additionally, we need to determine the order of the targets to be visited. This in turn, is a multi-objective traveling salesperson problem. The overall problem is a combination of these two combinatorial problems.
The route selection for UAVs has been studied by several researchers, mainly in the military context. They considered a linear combination of the two objectivesminimizing distance traveled and minimizing radar detection threat
and proposed heuristics for the minimization of the composite single objective problem. We treat these two objectives separately. We develop an evolutionary algorithm to determine the efficient tours. We also consider an exact interactive approach to identify the best paths and tours of a decision maker. We tested the two solution approaches on both small-sized and large-sized problem instances.
22
Nikwigize, Adolphe. "Graph theory : Route problems". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17397.
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Becker, Carl Martin. "Profiling of rough terrain". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11262009-171410/.
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Waddell, John M. "Scattering from rough plates". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA304997.
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Bottom, Jon Alan. "Consistent anticipatory route guidance". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31095.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 241-251).
Anticipatory route guidance consists of messages, based on traffic network forecasts, that assist drivers' path choice decisions. Guidance is consistent when the forecasts on which it is based are verified after drivers react to it. This thesis addresses the formulation and development of solution algorithms for the consistent anticipatory route guidance generation (RGG) problem. The thesis proposes a framework for the problem, involving a set of time-dependent variables and their relationships. Variables are network conditions, path splits and guidance messages. Relationships are the network loading map, transforming path splits into network conditions; the guidance map, transforming network conditions into guidance messages; and the routing map, transforming guidance messages into path splits. The basic relationships can be combined into three alternative composite maps that model a guidance problem. Consistent guidance corresponds to a fixed point of a composite map. With stochastic maps, RGG model outputs are stochastic process realizations. In this case, the consistency fixed point corresponds to stationarity of the RGG solution process. Numerical methods for fixed point computation were examined, focusing on approaches that are rigorous and applicable to large-scale problems. Methods included Gibbs sampling for highly stochastic maps; generalizations of functional iteration for deterministic maps; and the MSA and Polyak iterate averaging method for "noisy" (deterministic plus disturbance) maps. A guidance-oriented dynamic traffic simulator was developed to experiment with RGG solution methods. Computational tests using the simulator investigated the use of Gibbs sampling to compute general stochastic process outputs; and examined the performance of the averaging methods under different model formulations, problem settings and degrees of stochasticity. Gibbs sampling successfully generated realizations from the stationary solution process of a fully stochastic model, but entails considerable computational effort. For noisy problems, the MSA found fixed points in all cases considered. Polyak averaging converged between two and four times faster than the MSA in low or moderate stochasticity problems, and performed comparably to the MSA in other problems. Formulations involving path-level variables converged more quickly than those involving link-level variables.
by Jon Alan Bottom.
Ph.D.
26
Mackman, Richard Laurence. "Isobacteriochlorins : a novel route". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272523.
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Wells, Jennifer E. "Rough-Hewn: A Memoir". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1122555509.
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Hultman, Tim. "Signal-Aware Route Planning". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-128101.
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Modern vehicles have an increasing number of advanced features requiring network coverage in order to function properly. In order to facilitate the requirements of such features and allow more advanced applications, we consider the possibility of planning routes that take signal strength into consideration. Previous work have shown the relationship between TCP throughput/goodput and signal strength. In this thesis signal-aware route planning is presented, implemented, and validated. Crowd-sourced map and signal data (3G) from two sources is used for building a signal coverage map. The signal and map data is validated in a field experiment, where routes were travelled while measuring the signal strength. The field experiment showed gains in signal characteristics when deviating from the shortest possible path. The average signal strength increased by 11 dBm between algorithms and the shortest possible path. Lastly, routes were planned for all possible sources and destinations in a given urban area. The results of this calculation confirms the patterns found in the field experiment.
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Nervik, Astrid Cecilie. "Identität und kulturelle Vielfalt : musikalische Bildsprache und Klangfiguren im Werk Joseph Roths /". Hamburg : Kovač, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/337814880.pdf.
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Mack, S. K. "Single-route and dual-route approaches to reading aloud difficulties associated with dysphasia". Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 1999. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7453.
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The study of reading aloud is currently informed by two main types of theory: modular dual-route and connectionist single-route. One difference between then theories is the type of word classification system which they favour. Dual-route theory employs the regular-irregular dichotomy of classification, whereas single-route considers body neighbourhoods to be a more informative approach. This thesis explores the reading aloud performance of a group of people with dysphasia from the two theoretical standpoints by employing a specifically prepared set of real and pseudoword stimuli. As well as being classified according to regularity and body neighbourhood, all the real word stimuli were controlled for frequency. The pseudowords were divided into two groups, common pseudowords and pseudohomophones, and classified according to body neighbourhood. There were two main phases to the study. In the first phase, the stimuli were piloted and the response time performances of a group of people with dysphasia and a group of matcehd control people were compared. In the second phase, a series of tasks was developed to investigate which means of word classification best explained the visual lexical decision and reading aloud performance of people with dysphasia. The influence of word knowledge was also considered. The data was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative analysis of the number of errors made indicated that classification of items by body neighbourhood and frequency provided the more comprehensive explanation of the data. Investigation of the types of errors that were made did not find a significant relationship between word type and error type, but again the results indicated that the influence of frequency and body neighbourhood was stronger than that of regularity. The findings are discussed both in terms of their implications for the two theories of reading aloud and their relevance to clinical practice.
31
Gillman, Malin. "Eco-route modelling using GIS : How to find the most sustainable route option". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185860.
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In a time when the concept of sustainability is gaining increasing attention among the public, as well as among stake holders and policy makers, informing people about what the most sustainable choice to make is, is crucial in leading people in the right direction. Travelling is an activity requiring a traveller to make multiple choices, with one of the choices being which route between two places to take. The transport sector is also a strong contributing cause to global issues such as climate change, wherefore choices made in relation to transportation are highly relevant in regard to sustainable development. Up until today, most traffic information systems for passenger car users, only provide travellers with suggestions about the fastest, or the shortest, route option. This study aims at proposing a modelling structure using GIS software, that could also return the most sustainable route alternative. The complexity of the many spatial impacts of road transportation is thoroughly discussed in the literature review, together with dilemmas regarding route choice behaviours. A proposed modelling structure is presented, with the structure also empirically being examined as a “proof of concept”. The empirical work takes place in the urban area of Hörnefors, Sweden, and findings confirm the applicability of the proposed workflow. In the specific case of Hörnefors, three distinct route options are investigated, in relation to four sustainability impact variables. The variables investigated are fuel consumption, air pollution, noise, and safety. Results show that the, by far, longest route, is in fact returned as the most sustainable route option. The other two route options exhibit impacts of around double the amount of impacts yielded by the most sustainable one. The generalised sustainability cost is significantly mostly determined by the air pollution variable, due to its far-reaching spatial dispersion patterns yielding impacts even at long distances from a road. The potential application of the inclusion of sustainability in traffic information systems are additionally reviewed, according to the behavioural mechanisms mentioned in the literature 4review. Estimations of in what contexts “most sustainable route” suggestions are potentially most likely to yield behavioural changes, are also made, and assessed. Conclusions suggest that an inclusion of “most sustainable route option” modelling into travel information systems, have the highest potential to affect route choices when the user is driving at locations previously unvisited, due to the inexistence of a status quo route in such contexts.
32
Peng, Zhongren. "A Simultaneous Route-level Transit Patronage Model: Demand, Supply, and Inter-route Relationship". PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1159.
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It is observed that transit riders are responding to service changes while transit planning is responding to ridership changes, or that transit patronage and service supply are highly interrelated. It is also noticed that transit riders transfer from route to route, the introduction of new service may draw some riders from the existing routes, which implies transit patronage on a route is also affected by other parallel and intersecting routes. An analytic tool is needed to examine these complex relationships in the transit system. This study has developed a quantitative model by incorporating these interactions into a simultaneous system. The simultaneity of transit demand, supply and the interrelationship of inter-route effects are addressed in a three-equation simultaneous model: a demand equation, a supply equation and an equation for competing routes. These equations are estimated simultaneously using the three-stage-least-squares estimation method. The model is estimated at the route-segment level by the time of a day, and by the inbound and outbound directions. Data from Portland, Oregon metropolitan area are used as an extended case study. The socioeconomic and demographic data are allocated to an one-quarter-mile distance service area around a transit route by utilizing the technique of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The data allocation significantly reduces the measurement error. Inter-route relationships are also identified using GIS. The estimation results show that a service change on a route increases the transit patronage on that route, but it also decreases the ridership on its competing routes, so the net effect of that service improvement is smaller than the ridership increase on the subject route. A conventional single equation model under-estimates the ridership responses on the subject route, and over-estimates the net patronage response. This study is the first research to discuss the net effects of a service change at the route level. The model can be implemented for system-level policy analysis and route-level service and land use planning. It is especially useful for "what-if" scenario analysis at the route level to simulate the ridership impacts of service and land use changes.
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Shin, Doh Kyoum. "Explanation of factors influencing cyclists' route choice using actual route data from cyclists". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13532/.
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Cycling as a sustainable means of transport brings a number of benefits, which includes improved health and well-being for individuals, improved air quality and climate change, accessibility and reduced traffic congestion at the national level. However, despite the benefits of cycling and the efforts by the government to promote this mode of transport, many short trips in Britain suitable for cycling are still made by motorised transport modes. People seem reluctant to change their mode of travel behaviour in favour of cycling. Therefore, it is important to understand the nature of complicated behaviour of people and the ones of cyclists at first. The thesis aimed to understand route choice behaviour for cycling for utility purposes in England. The thesis examined why cyclists use their current routes and how various features influence their choices. The thesis also probed the reasons for the choices and the relationship between the choice and the characteristics of cyclists. A mixed method approach was applied for the thesis, using questionnaires, actual route data collection for quantitative methods and interviews for qualitative methods. This approach allowed the researcher to examine diverse aspects of the research questions, which individual methods were unlikely to address. The thesis has identified what route features are important for cyclists, and why these features are considered important. In terms of the issues regarding cycling infrastructures, the preferences of cyclists were found to be linked to the fear to motorised traffic on roads, which is a fundamental issue that may not be revealed through quantitative studies. Another key finding identified was that cyclists choose different routes dependent on the conditions applicable even for same trip purposes. In this respect, it was noted that often their choices are forced by prevailing road instructions such as one-way road, although they may be aware that the alternative road conditions may not be good from a cycling viewpoint. However, it was also found that, where practicable, cyclists are likely to choose a route strategically, in a manner that will minimise the physical efforts required for cycling. Finally, based on the observations of the different geographical and environmental characteristics and atmosphere to cycling in two case study cities, the thesis also discovered the segment of the population who could become the main target for promoting the benefits of cycling.
34
Kelly, Joseph Pierre. "Route to administrative licensure perceptions of preparation regarding traditional and examination route assistant principals /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1971755291&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Dahl, Valerie, i Mikael Davidsson. "Route flow estimation based on time-dependent route choice sets and historical travel times". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130007.
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Since congestion leads to variations in travel time which gives a variation in the traffic flow, it is interesting to estimate the traffic flow in larger cities where cars drive in a limited space. In order to estimate the traffic flow, different traffic models are usually used. These models often use volume-delay functions which calculate the travel times for each link depending on the current traffic flow. However, in these models, the process for reaching equilibrium can be time consuming and it is hard to calibrate the volume-delay functions for a road network with a large set of links. Instead, we assume that it is relatively simply to measure or collect historical time-dependent travel times on a large set of links. With this assumption, a method that uses time-dependent route choice sets and time-dependent travel times in order to estimate time-dependent route flows, is developed. In this thesis, the method was applied to Stockholm County where it is interesting to study the route choice since congestion occurs in the area which generate variations in travel time. In order to estimate time-dependent route flows, a time-sliced OD-matrix was created by dividing the matrix for the peak hour using two different time-slicing distributions. The time-dependent route choice set with time-dependent travel times was created by using an existing route planning tool. These routes were mapped to the links in a road network in order to estimate link flows. The mapping was done by using map matching and a shortest path algorithm. Route shares were decided by using a method that splits the demand equally among the routes in the route choice set for an OD-pair, and with a logit model that takes travel time into account with the assumption that the travel time can affect a traveler’s route choice. The evaluation of the resulting link flows was done by comparing these link flows with observed link flows using different time-slicing distributions and route share models. Furthermore, the method’s resulting link flows was evaluated against the resulting link flows from a scenario where all travelers are assumed to choose the shortest path, in terms of free flow travel time, between each OD-pair. The developed method can estimate link flows so that 27.9 % of the links have a GEH value less than 5, which can be compared to the commonly used acceptance criteria of 85 %. This shows that the method needs to be developed further in order to achieve link flow estimations that fulfills the acceptance criteria. Even though the overall result show that the developed method does not fulfill the acceptance criteria, the method works well on some individual links. Furthermore, the resulting link flows from the developed method match the observed link flows better than the resulting link flows from the scenario where all travelers are assumed to choose the shortest path.
36
Dobke, Dirk. "Melancholischer Nippes Dieter Roths frühe Objekte und Materialbilder (1960-75) /". [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/40/inhalt.html.
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Lehberger, Carolin. "Die "realistische Wendung" im Werk von Heinrich Roth Studien zu einem erziehungswissenschaftlichen Forschungsprogramm". Münster New York, NY München Berlin Waxmann, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996736557/04.
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Peters, Wayne. "Rough-surface gravity current flows". Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/814.
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Carter, Glenn S. "Turbulent mixing near rough topography /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10976.
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Peters, Wayne D. "Rough-surface gravity current flows". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0017/NQ46297.pdf.
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Sahlin, Fredrik. "Hydrodynamic lubrication of rough surfaces". Licentiate thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/83.
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Victoir, Nicolas B. "From cubature to rough paths". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270187.
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Zhang, Xiaohui. "A cycloaddition route to pyrrolidines". Thesis, Open University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439241.
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Schultes, Dominik. "Route planning in road networks". [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000007755.
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Guo, Xialing. "Syntheses en route to morphine /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9726904.
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Farver, Jennifer M. (Jennifer Margaret) 1976. "Hybrid vehicle-centric route guidance". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33689.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-228).
This thesis proposes a hybrid route guidance system in which predictive guidance is generated in a centralized layer and revised in a reactive, decentralized layer that resides on-board the vehicle. This hybrid approach is intended to improve guidance quality by balancing the ability of the centralized layer to generate consistent guidance with the ability of the decentralized layer to respond rapidly to incidents. Centralized guidance is computed using a rolling-horizon Dynamic Traffic Assignment routine based on the Method of Successive Averages. This guidance is disseminated to equipped vehicles in the form of prescribed paths, which may be subsequently revised by an on-board decentralized layer. This decentralized layer revises only the local portion of the vehicle's path in order to limit the potential negative impact of its myopic reactive algorithm. The layer uses a simple splitting algorithm in order to heuristically balance demand on alternate paths. Both layers utilize data collected by guided vehicles. The centralized layer uses position data from guided vehicles. The decentralized layer uses local arc travel time data which is shared among guided vehicles.
(cont.) This approach follows the vision of a vehicle-centric route guidance system whose design is focused on the vehicle, rather than on stationary components. In order to test the performance of the proposed system, a small test network is simulated in a simple network simulator. The primary experimental questions are: whether the hybrid system provides higher quality route guidance than either a fully centralized or fully decentralized system; and how hybrid guidance quality is affected by various parameters of the system and the testing environment. Results of testing confirm that the hybrid system provides higher quality guidance than either centralized or decentralized systems in most scenarios; in no scenario is the hybrid system found to perform measurably worse than the centralized or decentralized system. The greatest benefits of the hybrid system are found to be in incident scenarios, supporting the hypothesis that the decentralized layer may aid incident response.
by Jennifer Margaret Farver.
Ph.D.
47
Ramming, Michael Scott. "Network knowledge and route choice". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49797.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 225-236).
Models of urban traveler route choice are reviewed in the context of Intelligent Transportation Systems, particularly Advanced Traveler Information S ystems. Existing models suffer from assumptions of perfect information about travel conditions a nd infinite information processing capabilities of drivers. We present evidence that a majority of travelers fail to minimize travel time or distance. We also show that travelers with more network knowledge appear to vary their commute route to respond to changing travel conditions. Coefficient estimates of a model of network knowledge, based on the geographical idea of spatial ability, are presented. To better understand habitual route choice behavior, we examine many possible route generation algorithms. A simulation approach is preferred because it allows for heterogeneity in driver perceptions and it has a quick computational time. Alternative route choice model specifications such as Multinomial Logit, C-Logit, Path Size Logit, Cross-Nested Logit and Logit Kernel Probit are evaluated. The exponential specification of the Path S ize term, using a large parameter value, offers a considerable improvement in fit over MNL, C -Logit and CNL. A hybrid Path Size Logit and Logit Kernel Probit model offers the best overall fit; however, the stability of these estimates requires further examination. The hybrid Path S ize Logit and CNL model provides the next best empirical fit. Random coefficient specifications of MNL, PS L and LK Probit models were also examined.
Significant random coefficient parameter estimates were only obtained for the MNL model. This result suggests that random coefficients capture variation in route choice models that would be more effectively explained by a Path S ize or LK Probit specification. Model fit can be further improved by adding an Implicit Availability/Perception term that includes estimated network knowledge. However, this term provides limited explanatory power, as can be seen by its standard errors and by forecasts that are relatively insensitive to changes in traveler knowledge. These results suggest that continued development of better attitudinal surveys to assess network knowledge and wayfinding strategies would allow estimation of route choice models with better explanatory power.
by Michael Scott Ramming.
Ph.D.
48
Boutaib, Youness. "Lipschitz geometry and rough paths". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ebd0dfdb-fd8f-42fa-80f7-7707df695117.
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Motivated by building a Lipschitz structure on the reachability set of a set of rough differential equations, we study first Lipschitz maps in full detail and in many aspects: we show embedding properties of Lipschitz spaces, study algebraic properties, local versus global behaviour of Lipschitz maps, give a version of the inverse function and the constant rank theorems and analyse flows of Lipschitz vector fields. Along the way, we give quantitative estimates, which is, after all, one of the main strengths of the Lipschitz geometry. Second, we combine our observations on the local properties of rough paths and Lipschitz maps to give a rather flexible structure on manifolds that allow the definition of rough paths on them and explain how the same process can be used to define a notion of coloured paths on manifolds, assuming that one can build a suitable functorial rule. Finally, we make use of those remarks to derive a quantitative condition that endow orbits of vector fields with the structure of a Lipschitz manifold and show, that under this condition, the space of solutions of rough differential equations driven by rough paths is the same as the one we obtain by driving the RDEs with smooth paths.
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Doyle, Kevin James. "Rhodium carbenoid route to oxazoles". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33073.
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This thesis describes investigations by the author into the preparation of the oxazole heterocyclic system, by the use of rhodium carbenoid methodology. Chapter 1 is a review of the literature on the formation of oxazoles, by the reaction between diazocarbonyl compounds and nitrites. The various conditions that have been employed in the reaction are detailed, as well as developments into the understanding of its mechanism. Chapter 2 reports the study into the preparation of 4-functionalised oxazoles. A series of 4- benzenesulfonyloxazoles, oxazole-4-phosphates and oxazole-4-carbonitriles were prepared by a rhodium(II)-catalysed reaction. The effect of varying the rhodium(II) catalyst on oxazole formation is detailed. The oxazole-4-carbonitrile methodology was extended to form bis-oxazoles. Attempts to extend this chemisiry towards tris-oxazoles is discussed. Chapter 3 describes the synthesis of the oxazolylindole alkaloids pimprinine, pimprinethine and WS-30581A. This was achieved by the reaction of tert-butyl 3-diazoacetylindole-1- carboxylate with the appropriate nitrile, under rhodium(II) catalysis, followed by deprotection. Studies into varying the substituents at the 2- and 4-positions of the oxazole ring is described. Chapter 4 relates investigations into the synthesis of the cytotoxic cyclic peptides, diazonamide A and B, isolated from the ascidian, Diazona chinensis. These investigations were centred on key skeletal features: an oxazolylindole moiety, an oxazole based around (S)-valine and a functionalised benzofuranol. Model studies towards the oxazolylindole and the valine oxazole sections were undertaken, utilising rhodium carbenoid methodology to prepare the azote heterocycle. Formation of the benzofuranol model involved a one step deprotection and cyclisation, the precursor being prepared via a Claisen rearrangement and an ozonolysis. Chapter 5 contains the experimental data, whilst Chapter 6 contains the references.
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Wu, Ling Ling. "Contribution à la route automatisée". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENPCA001.
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