Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Sapce weather”

Kalanganyar Village is a village in Sidoarjo Regency, Sedati District, which covers an area of 2/3 consisting of a pond, which borders the villages of Buncitan, Sawohan, Cemandi, and Tambakcemandi. Kalanganyar Village is one of the areas with socio-economic conditions that need to be improved. The source of the livelihood of the local community is very dependent on the results of fishing which is very influenced by the weather. When fishermen cannot go to sea due to extreme weather, local people do not have alternative sources of income. The problems with partners and the potential to support the Sedati sub-district as a Minapolitan area are (1) limited livelihoods of the community as fishermen, (2) The skills of the Fish Cultivation Group (Pokdakan) are still weak regarding the diversification of products made from fish as raw material, (3) There is still a lack of knowledge and practice regarding fish processing which has economic value. (4) Limited knowledge about the packaging of fish-based products (5) Lack of knowledge about marketing fish products. The method used is counseling and training, among others, the socialization of the importance of diversification of processed products made from fish, training on diversification of fish product processing technology, training on packaging of processed fish products, training on online and offline marketing management. The results achieved in implementing program activities (a). The community understands the importance of product diversification from fish so that fish has a high economic value, (b) Training on product diversification from fish is successful in making soy sauce from fish and shredded fish from milkfish, (c) Success in making soy sauce product packaging from fish and labeling jerky from milkfish , (d). Online marketing through social media and websites is still in the design process.

The scientific community of building physics has known for decades that weathering has a significant effect on the condition of buildings. Weathering agents such as water, carbon dioxide and oxygen, potentially accelerate the natural deterioration of buildings, leading to undesirable results, especially in cases involving buildings of special cultural importance. Climate change and its effect on weather conditions may potentially accelerate the weathering of buildings.The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of climate change on weathering of building materials of heritage buildings under subtropical climatic conditions. As a case study, non-destructive measurements of 10 traditional buildings in Strovolos, an urban centre in Cyprus, were employed. To study the deterioration of buildings, non-destructive methods were utilized, namely infrared (IR) thermography. The deterioration was studied for different materials, different orientations, as well as for materials of different ages. Through qualitative and quantitative thermographs, the results demonstrate the significant effect of climate change on the deterioration of building materials.

"Net zero whole life carbon" is an ambitious climate target that refers to neutralizing and offsetting the entire LCA-based carbon footprint of a building, including both operational and embodied greenhouse gas emissions. Especially in the Northern climate, viable building envelope structures must, therefore, provide good thermal insulation and low embodied emissions. Carbon offset is typically based on excess on-site renewable energy or purchased carbon offsets disconnected from the building and the site. Viable strategies for carbon neutrality start by minimizing material-related and energy-related CO2e emissions. As a result, new kinds of building envelope structures have been recently introduced in the academic literature and experimental building projects. Traditional construction materials, such as timber and clay, have been sourced locally and processed manually, providing good results for the embodied emissions in life cycle assessment. Recent studies on clay-based construction materials have concluded that more research on clay as a construction material is needed, in particular considering its environmental performance. One specific concern in the Northern climate is that the weather conditions limit clay construction outdoors and prevent industrial-scale application of these solutions. The methods of prefabrication can address these issues. This study introduces the critical technical and environmental properties of a new prefabricated wall element based on a combination of light timber frame and light clay. In a hybrid light clay-timber structure, a mixture of clay and hemp shives is cast between the timber studs. On the one hand, the novelty of this wall structure is the prefabrication that enables industrial applications and upscaling without the limitations of weather conditions. On the other hand, the study assesses the climate impact of a light clay-timber wall element : cradle-to-gate emissions, thermal insulation, and the climate benefits outside the system boundary (carbon handprint) reported in the D-module of the LCA framework. The study also shows that natural materials require a different approach than synthetic materials from industrial processes. There may be variations in the properties of hemp and clay, especially when local sourcing is prioritized for better environmental performance. Moreover, the mixing and installation processes have a significant impact on the final properties and the performance. We show that constructing a light clay wall is a knowledge-intensive process that may result in very different technical properties.

This paper focuses on cross-laminated timber (CLT) and how it is affected by the dynamic properties of moisture during installation in the cold climate of Estonia. The moisture safety principles are designed using a case study of comparable activities with 4D principles and on-site water content monitoring. On-site water content monitoring was done on the CLT elements that were installed and a parallel polygon specimen. Polygon testing was arranged with reduced size CLT elements subject to different conditions, with some exposed to the climate, some protected from precipitation, and some covered with film.
 The moisture content (MC) of the uncovered horizontal CLT element that was exposed to the climate reached over 25% after higher precipitation and the MC after prolonged direct exposure can reach up to 40% in a week, giving a clear signal of high risk areas for moisture safety. Installing a partly weather protected CLT element without a preliminary roof is a high-risk arrangement, but is essentially possible in a cold climate. Moisture safety pre-planning and a lean strategy must be applied with timber construction.

During the last decade, building in wood has increased, mainly due to environmental awareness andtargets to decrease the carbon footprint originated from the production of building materials. Newtechnologies such as CLT (cross laminated timber) have accelerated the construction of multi-storywooden buildings. The CLT structure has been used both for housing and offices. Due to the extensivesize of the buildings and relatively fast assembly of the buildings, weather protection has not alwaysbeen used. It is commonly known that building materials sensitive to moisture need to be protectedagainst high moisture conditions and water during construction. If this is not done, there is an increasedrisk of microbial growth which can result in health problems for future users of the building, extensivecosts for the remediation and exchange of materials, but also lack of trust in the construction industry.There are disagreements between the building industry and researchers how sensitive wooden buildingsare to exposure to high moisture levels and water during storage at sites and construction. Based onresults from several research projects studying moisture conditions both in the laboratory and in thefield, recommendations for procurement, storage and handling of wood during construction to assuremoisture safety are suggested in this paper.

Nowadays, ultra-advanced facades have made great strides, and parametric simulation software has made a significant contribution to this advancement. Voronoi shells, based on their irregular nature, are one of the most advanced facades that are being used in modern building facades. In this paper, the main focus is on the behavior of these facades against incident light from the sun. The method presented in this research is based on Ladybug Tool’s plug-in capabilities. Using the analysis of weather information and the desired geometry, direct rays as a vector in each time step is prepared, and the amount of direct sunbeam hours by considering the contexts (Facade) calculated. To estimate the comprehensive method, the same workflow evaluated winter (P2) and summer (P1) solstice as a cross-sectional study (Max & Min solar altitude). The results indicate that the type of geometry Voronoi and the thickness of the facade frame have a great effect on the direction of the rays inwards and also the type of geometry should be controlled at latitudes appropriate to the solar altitude; because of the geometric intricacies of the Voronoi facade have a great deal to do with the solar altitude.