Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Sédiments marins – Teneur en composés organiques – Indonésie”
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Jalaluddin, Noor. "Origine, nature et distribution des hydrocarbures dans des sendiments marins tropicaux (Martinique et Guadeloupe) et équatoriaux (Indonésie)". Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30042.
Coulon, Anaïs. "Rôle des sédiments organiques sur le fonctionnement hydrodynamique des bassins d’infiltration d’eaux pluviales". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2012. https://hal-agrocampus-ouest.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01203123.
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of organic sediment deposits on the hydrodynamic functioning of the Cheviré stormwater retention-infiltration basin (44). Physical and chemical characterization of the sediments, underlying soil of the basin, and sediment organic matters were undertaken. Sediments influence on the soil transfer properties were then evaluated by an experiment at the soil column scale and by a numerical simulation at the basin scale. Organic matters of the Cheviré basin had a small degradation capacity, which explained their large concentrations in sediments. These large levels of organic matters favored a large water retention capacity of sediments but led to a decrease of their infiltration capacity. This decrease may be induced on the one hand by a highly hydrophobic behavior of sediments, especially to anthropogenic organic matters such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and on the other hand, by a closure of sediment macroporosity. Conversely, sediment microporosity became increasingly important and favored water retention. Simulations showed that combined effects of (i) the sediments accumulation at the basin soil surface, (ii) the gradual decrease of sediment porosity, and (iii) the increase of sediment hydrophobicity, explained the decrease of the basin infiltration capacity and the increase of the frequency of overflows in the basin during aging
Tranier, Julie. "Modélisation stratigraphique de la distribution et de la préservation de la matière organique en milieu marin profondCas d'une marge à sédimentation pélagique : système d'upwelling côtier du Benguela (Namibie, Afrique du Sud Ouest)". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13167.
Cauwet, Gustave. "Dynamique de la matière organique dans les milieux marin et polyhalins : son rôle dans les processus géochimiques aux interfaces". Perpignan, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PERP1066.
Pichevin, Laëtitia. "Sédimentation organique profonde sur la marge continentale namibienne (Lüderitz, Atlantique sud-Est) : impacts des variations climatiques sur la paléoproductivité". Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12804.
Pischedda, Laura. "Bioturbation et hétérogénéité de l'oxygène dans les sédiments marins appréendées par une méthode optique de quantification 2D : incidence sur les communautés microbiennes sédimentaires". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009Aix22051.pdf.
This work concerns the study of oxygen heterogeneity (spatial and temporal variability) in marine sediments induced by benthic macrofaunal bioturbation activity. For that, planar optodes that enable the mapping of two-dimensional (2D) oxygen distribution and dynamics at high resolution were used. First, a heterogeneity index that allows quantifying the spatial variability from 2D oxygen distribution images was developed and successfully tested with organisms presenting different reworking modes. Since we noticed that burrow builder organisms (i. E. Gallery-diffusors) induced higher sediment oxygen heterogeneity, we thus explored it in detail by recording oxygen distribution and dynamics within a burrow structure of the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. This study underlined strong variations in oxygen concentration on a short temporal scale (min) within the burrow structure and a strong multiscale spatial variability (cm, mm). A third study showed that the bacterial community of the N. Diversicolor burrow structure exhibited higher biodiversity compared with surrounding sediments. This community was also specific of that environment which is unique, notably in terms of biogeochemical characteristics (e. G. Redox oscillations). Finally, in a last work, we wanted to understand the potential interaction of an inorganic contaminant with bioturbation activity and its influence on oxygen fluxes. For that, we tested the impact of a radioactive heavy metal, the uranium (238U), in a bioturbated environment. Despite reworking activities were reduced, the oxygen diffusive fluxes in contaminated sediments were higher (24%) compared with the non contaminated sediments. This study also reflected the degree of complexity generated by interactions between macrofauna, microfauna and that kind of contaminant. These works corroborated the idea that oxygen distribution heterogeneity is intimately linked to bioturbation which, by acting on the bacterial community structure and activity, indirectly influences organic matter oxidation processes
Barnier, Madeleine. "Hydrocarbures et acides gras présents dans les milieux marins "propres" : Méditerranée (site de Port-Cros), région subantarctique (îles Amsterdam et Saint Paul)". Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30038.
Eljammal, Tamim. "Nature et distribution des hydrocarbures et des acides gras dans des sédiments marins oxydes et réduits". Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30034.
Bravo, Mercado Manuel. "Spéciation des composés organostanniques dans les sédiments et matériaux biologiques du littoral chilien par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la photométrie de flamme pulsée (GC-PFPD)". Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3027.
In this work the development of an analytic methodology based on "headspace" soild phase microextraction (HS-SPME-GC-PFPD) were carried out. It showed to be efficient, fast and simple for the simultaneous determination of eight organotins. The chemometrical optimisation of extraction allowed to reach instrumental limits of detection more lower than 1 ng (Sn) l-1. During the analysis of some Chilean sediments the unknown signal presence on chromatograms were found. The GC-MS use demonstrated that these signals correspond to sulphur compounds. The application of HS-SPME allowed to solve these problems and it appears as a promising alternative thanks to its high sensitivity and selectivity for the organotin determination by GC-PFPD on the complex samples. For the first time, the tin speciation on environmental samples coming from the Chilean coastal sites was determinated. Only butyltins were determinated (MBT, DBT and TBT). Their concentrations are variable and it depends of sampled sites and their proximity with contamination sources. The determination of the total concentrations of metals and metalloids on more contaminated sites allowed to classify the samples in two groups. Besides, factor analysis evidenced relationships between some elements concentrations and organotin compounds. This result suggests a common anthropogenic source for butyltins, arsenic and copper, chemicals species used in antifouling paints
Gomez, Hernandez Maria Elena. "Rôle des sédiments dans l'eutrophisation d'une lagune littorale Méditerranéenne (étang du Méjean-Hérault) : échanges du phosphate entre le sédiment et l'eau en fonction des conditions environnementales". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON13520.
Mesnage, Valérie. "Contribution à l'étude de la mobilité des formes de phosphate à l'interface eau-sédiment dans les écosystèmes lagunaires". Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON13508.
De, Boni Antonella. "Mise au point de méthodes analytiques pour la détermination des PGE (¨PLATINIUM GROUP ELEMENT ) provenant des émissions automobiles, et leur répartition globale". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10276.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYT[CAL METHODS FOR THE DETERM[NAT[ON OF THE PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS (PGE) BY [CP-MS WITH SENSITIVITY ENHANCING SAMPLE INTRODUCT[ON SYSTEMS COUPLED WITH MATR[X SEPARATION OR PRE¬CONCENTRAT[ON METHODS [S REPORTED. THE METHODS WERE USED TO ANALYSE SEDIMENTS FROM THE VENETIAN LAGOON AND SAMPLES TAKEN FROM THE EXHAUST OF A DIESEL POWERED VEHICLE. MOREOVER, ALUMINA M[CROCOLUMNS HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED FOR THE PRE-CONCENTRAT[ON OF THE PGE IN SNOW FROM GREENLAND; THIS METHOD [S PROMISING, BUT HAS TO BE FURTHER OPTIMISED. THE RESULTS OBTAINED DEMON STRATE THAT THE VENETIAN LAGOON [S NOT HEAV[LY AFFECTED BY PGE FROM ROAD TRAFF[C, BUT THAT A FURTHER SOURCE OF Pd SEEMS TO BE PRESENT THAT HAS CONTAMINATED THE LAGOON. RESULTS FOR DIESEL CAR EXHAUST SAMPLES SHOW THAT MOST OF THE PGE [S [N THE PART[CULATE PHASE AND HAS A COMPOSITION S[M[LAR TO TH AT OF THE CATALYST. MOREOVER, IT WAS FOUND THAT PARTICULATE FlLTERS FlTTED AFTER THE CAT AL YTIC CONVERTER BLOCK A SIGN[FICANT PART OF THESE EMISSIONS
Lerat, Yannick. "Cycles annuels de la matière organique et des éléments nutritfs dans les sédiments d'un écosystème côtier (baie de Morlaix, France) : interactions avec le compartiment pélagique". Brest, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BRES2004.
Chaumery, Christian. "Répartition des éléments nutritifs sur le plateau continental armoricain et en mer d'Iroise en relation avec le régime hydrique de la Loire : Assimilation Régénération. Facteurs limitant la production phytoplanctonique". Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2020.
The spreading of low-saline nutrient-rich waters of the Loire estuary as tidally-regulated meanders injects nutrients over a major part of the Armorican continental shelf region in winter. The nutrients thus brought in are consumed in spring as the river plume spreads over the shelf. The magnitude of the flux of nutrients transported by the Loire in the south Brittany sector varies according to the intensity of river discharge and the timing of the peak discharge(s). Addition of nutrients with high flows in spring alleviates nutrient limitation and enhances primary production. When the spring river discharge is strong and occurs over a long period, the Loire waters could be distinctly differentiated from surrounding Iroise Sea waters. The Loire waters circumnavigate the Ouessant Island by the west and penetrate into the western English Channel. A study of the distribution nutrients on the Armorican continental shelf also enables identification of various sectors subjected to nutrient addition with freshwaters: Loire, Gironde, and Vilaine. Using nutrients as tracers of the circulation of the Loire waters on the Armorican continental shelf, the average velocity of displacement of the Loire plume from its estuary to Ouessant island has been estimate at 5 cm. S-1. Assimilation of nitrogen and phosphorus by the phytoplankton occurs in a ratio close to that of the Redfield ratio (N/P=16). Ratios of assimilation of nitrogen and silicon decrease with time indicating the increasing importance of regenerated production. In the cold deep water of the South Brittany, regeneration of nutrients begins in the southeastern part. Regeneration of silicon begfins as early as April and is twice faster than that of nitrate
Merhaby, Dima. "Caractérisation de la pollution organique et inorganique dans les sédiments portuaires du Liban". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10144/document.
Lebanon coastal zone (LCZ) which extends over 220 km along the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is a typical case of most coastal areas of the developing countries in the Mediterranean region, where the combination of a wide range of anthropogenic activities are contributing to water pollution and environmental degradation, by the direct and indirect release of a large number of pollutants into the sea via atmospheric and river inputs. Amongst the numerous environmental concerns we are facing, the marine environment is one of the top priorities that must be addressed. Due to its ecological importance, the evaluation of coastal sediment quality constitutes an important area of research to give a clear picture of water pollution status. Much attention was paid of some priority pollutants such as persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and heavy metals as known to be toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative, carcinogenic and mutagenic. There is an urgent need to survey the levels of these pollutants in sediments due to the great lack of information in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea in general and particularly in Lebanese coastal zone which render our study very important and useful regionally and locally by local authority and policy makers during coastal zone management. The semi-enclosed basins such as ports and bays are very vulnerable ecosystem where build-up greatly amount of these pollutants in sediments. This why we focus on our studies of the assessment of ports sediment quality of some possible hotspots where the re-suspension and oxidation of anoxic sediment occur frequently. A special attention was taken to Tripoli harbour which is the second Port of Lebanon due to its location near some reserved island. The pollution levels of LCZ by these pollutants are assigned as moderate to high. An emergency proposal plan was prepared for Tripoli Harbour, this will assists harbour authority to response for all fire and oil spill accidents as a first step for a durable development inside this promising harbor
Rauch, Mathieu. "Processus de minéralisation benthique au sein des systèmes sédimentaires intertidaux de Manche orientale". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Rauch.pdf.
Aycard, Mylène. "Géochimie des sédiments du bassin de Cariaco (Venezuela) dans le contexte de la dernière transition glaciaire-interglaciaire : processus de sédimentation et préservation de la matière organique". Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-Aycard.pdf.
Le résultat majeur obtenu est que dans le site exceptionnel du bassin de Cariaco la matière organique se révèle être un marqueur paléoclimatique d'aussi grande qualité que les isotopes stables de l'oxygène. Une étude géochimique détaillée de la matière organique de cinq échantillons révèle l'origine essentiellement phytoplanctonique de la matière organique, ainsi qu'une faible contribution d'origine bactérienne, alors que la matière organique dérivée de végétaux supérieurs est négligeable. Un examen détaillé de la matière organique, par une étude spectroscopique, puis pyrolytique, a permis de montrer que le proto-kérogène, ou matière organique insoluble non hydrolysable, est essentiellement constitué de géomacromolécules, ou mélanoi͏̈dines, formée par une réaction de condensation de matériel dérivé de protéines et de polysaccharides dégradés associées à des lipides fonctionnalisés. Des thermochemolyses TMAH ont également permis de montrer que des protéines avaient été préservées par encapsulation dans la fraction de la matière organique la plus réfractaire. Enfin, le processus de sulfuration naturelle est d'ampleur très modérée, et ce malgré des conditions de sédimentation a priori favorables, i. E. Présence d'une anoxie de la colonne d'eau et intense sulfato-réduction
Cependant, la proportion de composés organo-soufrés tend à augmenter avec le temps. Ainsi, il apparaît que le processus de sulfuration naturelle se produit sur un intervalle de temps long, à l'inverse de la dégradation-recondensation qui paraît finie même pour l'échantillon le plus récent (ca. 800 ans). Une étude détaillée des composés organo-soufrés a permis d'approcher la cinétique de ces processus, et révèle que les polysaccharides incorporent le soufre plus rapidement que les lipides. En effet, la matière organique sulfurée identifiée dans l'échantillon le plus récent est essentiellement dérivée de carbohydrates. En revanche, la proportion de lipides sulfurés dans les proto-kérogènes tend à augmenter dans les échantillons les plus anciens traduisant une meilleure résistance des lipides à la reminéralisation par rapport aux carbohydrates. La combinaison d'une étude géochimique globale des sédiments bruts, couplée à l'étude géochimique moléculaire approfondie de la matière organique permet de proposer un modèle de dépôt de la matière organique dans un cadre climatique parfaitement contraint
Amine, Helmieh. "Évaluation de l'exposition liée à la présence de contaminants organiques dans les zones de transition en Méditerranée". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13521.
Many organic pollutants issued from different sources are present into freshwater and coastal waters. Since these lipophilic contaminants are present at trace levels in water, accumulator compartments such as sediments can be used to assess their concentration in aquatic systems. The objective of the thesis was to assess the exposure in coastal areas to the various families of organic contaminants namely "emerging pollutants" including UV filters, alkylphenols, alkylphenol polyethoxylates, and "persistent pollutants" including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments and water. A major research effort has been given to the investigation spatial and temporal dynamics of the selected pollutants in sediment, allowing the acquisition of a first set of national data (Lebanese).Three rivers and their coastal environment in the eastern Mediterranean have been taken as a case study in addition to the small coastal city that was selected to complete the study in the coastal environment. A first overview of the levels of these hydrophobic contaminants in coastal areas receiving typical eastern Mediterranean inputs is thus provided. The results of chemical analyzes have clearly shown the impact of discharges of untreated effluents into coastal areas via inputs from rivers and direct discharges along the coast, without recreational activities (for UV filters) and industrial effluents discharges (for alkylphenols and alkylphenol polyethoxylates). Transition zones may act like a source of contamination of the three rivers coastal environment in the absence of marine inputs. Elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in sediments in coastal environments. This contamination has persisted for years after the oil spill that has invaded the Mediterranean coast in 2006. Our overall results indicate that concentrations in sediments of the three studied rivers and the coastline can be classified among the highest levels detected in the Mediterranean basin and may induce toxic effects in aquatic biota.This work may be of paramount importance for the East-Mediterranean region, and particularly for Lebanon, a country which, despite being a signatory to the Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea and is, subsequently involved in monitoring the quality of its marine environment, suffers far different types of discharges of untreated effluent along its coast in the absence of wastewater treatment plants
Achard, Romain. "Dynamique des contaminants inorganiques dans les sédiments de dragage : rôle spécifique de la matière organique naturelle". Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874422.
Azoury, Sabine. "Étude de la contamination de la côte libanaise par les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs) et les éléments traces métalliques (ETMs) : archives sédimentaires et biomonitoring suite à une marée noire". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14755/document.
This research project aims at the study of the contamination of the Lebanese coast by PAHs, DDE, Hg and Pb. The research work is divided into two distinct parts concerning two environmental compartments (sedimentary and biological) and it addresses different questions and approaches. In the first part, the study of a dated sediment core raised from the continental shelf in southern Lebanese coast allowed reconstructing the contamination history in the Levantine basin. The contaminants’ analysis as well as 210Pb and 137Cs datation allowed obtaining a reliable record of mercury, lead and PAHs sedimentary deposition in the Lebanese continental margin in the Levantine basin. Although concentrations and fluxes are relatively low, a two-phase increase of concentration is found using C1 core sedimentary profiles. Coal was identified as the main source of Pb, Hg and PAHs in the Levantine basin between the mid 19th and the mid 20th century. Ratios of Pb stable isotopes and PAH diagnostic ratios support this assumption. The studied sedimentary archives provide also information on the deposition of contaminants on a global scale possibly related to atmospheric emissions mainly from Central and Eastern Europe. In the second part of the thesis, the study of contamination by PAHs of the Lebanese coast was undertaken following an oil spill in the south of Lebanon, which occurred after the bombardment by the Israeli military of the electric power plant in Jiyeh in 2006. We have set-up a biomonitoring program with an invasive mussel specie Brachidontes variabilis over a three-year study. Results indicate a progressive decrease of PAH concentrations in the intertidal ecosystem of the Lebanese coast. Contamination of the subtidal zone in 2007 by Jiyeh fuel oil was significantly lower. However, Jiyeh fuel oil signature was still detectable in mussel tissues even three years after the oil spill. Contamination was found to be particularly persistent in some of the highly oiled sites. It appears that pre-spill state was still not reached even three years following the oil spill. Detailed investigation of spatio-temporal changes of intertidal mussels contamination by PAH is also presented in this part of the thesis