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Ruggeri, Mirella, Morven Leese, Graham Thornicroft, Giulia Bisoffi i Michele Tansella. "Definition and prevalence of severe and persistent mental illness". British Journal of Psychiatry 177, nr 2 (sierpień 2000): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.2.149.
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BackgroundThere is little consistency in how severe mental illness (SMI) is defined in practice, and no operational definitions.AimsTo test two operationalised definitions, based on the National Institute of Mental Health (1987) definition: the first uses three criteria (diagnosis of psychosis; duration of service contact ≥ 2 years; GAF score ≤ 50), the second only the last two.MethodAnnual prevalence rates of SMI in two European catchment areas for each criterion and the criteria combined were calculated.ResultsThe first definition produced rates of 2.55 and 1.34/1000 in London and Verona, respectively; the second permitted an additional 0.98/1000 non-psychotic disorders to be included in Verona.ConclusionsThe three-dimensional definition selects a small group of patients with SMI who have psychotic disorders. The two-dimensional approach allows estimates of SMI prevalence rates which include all forms of mental disorder.
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Alakeson, Vidhya, Richard G. Frank i Ruth E. Katz. "Specialty Care Medical Homes For People With Severe, Persistent Mental Disorders". Health Affairs 29, nr 5 (maj 2010): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0080.
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Whiteford, Harvey, Bill Buckingham, Meredith Harris, Sandra Diminic, Emily Stockings i Louisa Degenhardt. "Estimating the number of adults with severe and persistent mental illness who have complex, multi-agency needs". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51, nr 8 (21.12.2016): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867416683814.
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Objective: A population health approach to mental health service planning requires estimates that align interventions with the needs of people with mental illness. The primary objective was to estimate the number of people in Australia living with severe and persistent mental illness who have complex, multi-agency needs. The secondary objective was to describe the possible service needs of individuals with severe mental illness. Methods: We disaggregated the estimated 12-month prevalence of adults with severe mental illness into needs-based sub-groups, using multiple data sources. Possible service needs of 1825 adults with psychotic disorders and 334 adults with severe past-year affective and/or anxiety disorders were described using data from the 2010 Survey of High Impact Psychosis and 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, respectively. Results: Using best available data, we estimated that 3.3% of adults experience a severe mental illness each year, of whom one-third (1.1% of adults) experience a persistent mental illness that requires ongoing services to address residual disability. Among those with severe and persistent mental illness, one-third of adults (0.4% or 59,000 adults in 2015) have complex needs requiring multi-agency support to maximise their health, housing, social participation and personal functioning. Survey of High Impact Psychosis data indicated that among adults with psychotic disorders, use of accommodation (40%), non-government (30%) services and receipt of income support (85%) services were common, as were possible needs for support with socialising, personal care and employment. National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing data indicated that among individuals with severe affective and anxiety disorders, receipt of income support (37%) was common (information on accommodation and non-government support services was not available), as were possible needs for financial management and employment support. Conclusion: Agreed indicators of complex, multi-agency needs are required to refine these estimates. Closer alignment of information collected about possible service needs across epidemiological surveys is needed.
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Makushkina, O. A., O. I. Gurina, A. V. Frolova i V. A. Golenkova. "Clinical and Neurochemical Characteristics of Mentally Ill Patients with Aggressive Misconduct". Doctor.Ru 22, nr 6 (2023): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2023-22-6-15-20.
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Aim: To analyse clinical, biochemical and social characteristics of patients with severe mental disorders and aggressive behaviour. Design: observational cross-sectional study. Materials and methods. We examined 110 patients of 18–60 years of age with severe mental disorders and persistent aggressive behavior who committed acts of violence. For examination, we used clinical psychopathologic, psychometric, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods. Results. The subjects had disturbed upbringing with signs of violence, undereducation, family and occupational maladaptation, conflict relations with people around them, financial insecurity. Clinically, they demonstrated marked behavioural disorders with explosive episodes associated with hetero-aggressive trends, with decreased intellectual and volitional control and lack of compliance. There were statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in biological parameters of a majority of patients vs. reference values and correlation between psychometric and biochemical data. Conclusion. The results contribute to the identification of predictors of socially dangerous violent behaviour in persons with severe mental disorders. Keywords: severe mental disorders, aggressive behaviour, violent misconduct, predictors of social danger.
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Trachsel, M., i R. Jox. "Ethics of pad in mental disorders". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (kwiecień 2021): S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.116.
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Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization for suicide prevention and physician assistance in dying (PAD) for patients with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) combine to create a moral tension. Switzerland has the longest history of non-medicalized assistance in dying, considered as a civil right even beyond pathological situations. The debate in Switzerland centers on the notion of suffering in the context of PAD. In 2018, the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences revised their end-of-life policy stipulating intolerable suffering due to severe illness or functional limitations and acknowledged as such by the physician as a core criterion for PAD. However, we argue that suffering is a necessary but insufficient condition for PAD, the other criteria being decision-making capacity (DMC) and refractoriness of the suffering. Moreover, we hold that suffering is a subjective experience that can only be quantified by the patient and cannot be compared between two persons in an objective way. According to this concept, however, some patients with SPMI, refractory suffering, and preserved DMC will meet the criteria for PAD. Therefore, we call for palliative care approaches in psychiatry which includes relief of suffering as much as possible, but also accepting PAD after a conscientious assessment of the criteria.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Lindblad, Anna, Gert Helgesson i Manne Sjöstrand. "Towards a palliative care approach in psychiatry: do we need a new definition?" Journal of Medical Ethics 45, nr 1 (28.09.2018): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-104944.
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Psychiatry today is mainly practised within a curative framework. However, many mental disorders are persistent and negatively affect quality of life as well as life expectancy. This tension between treatment goals and the actual illness trajectory has evoked a growing academic interest in ‘palliative psychiatry’, namely the application of a palliative care approach in patients with severe persistent mental illness. Recently, Trachsel et al presented a working definition of palliative psychiatry. This first official attempt to capture the concept is based on WHO’s widely accepted definition of palliative care but modified and limited to include only severe persistent psychiatric illness. While this is a welcome step in the discussion on palliative care approaches in psychiatry, it also opens up for new questions. One of the most evident is whether psychiatry actually needs its own definition of palliative care or, put differently, whether there is something about mental disorders that differs so radically from other medical conditions that it calls for a separate definition. We acknowledge the need to discuss the goals of psychiatric care in patients with severe persistent psychiatric illness. However, we question whether a separate definition of palliative care exclusive to psychiatry is the right way to go. In this paper, we discuss why.
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Lesage, Alain D., Daniel Gélinas, David Robitaille, Éric Dion, Diane Frezza i Raymond Morissette. "Toward Benchmarks for Tertiary Care for Adults with Severe and Persistent Mental Disorders". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48, nr 7 (sierpień 2003): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800710.
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Background: Scarce attention has been paid to establishing benchmarks for tertiary care for adults with severe mental disorders. Yet, the availability and efficient utilization of residential resources partly determines the capacity of a comprehensive system of care to avoid clogging ever-shrinking acute care bed facilities. Objectives: To describe the actual utilization of and projected needs for residential resources, one part of tertiary care, in the catchment area of a psychiatric hospital in east-end Montreal. To compare results obtained against actual utilization and projected needs evaluated in other Canadian provinces and in other countries, with a view to establishing national benchmarks. Methods: Two surveys were undertaken to establish the number of places in these facilities that were utilized and needed for adults aged 18 to 65 years with severe mental disorders, without a primary diagnosis of mental retardation or organic brain syndrome, and originally from the catchment area. A first survey ascertained the number of places utilized and of those needed for residential care among all long-stay inpatients and all adults in supervised residential facilities. A second survey identified the need for such long-stay hospitalization, nursing homes, and supervised facilities as an alternative or as a complement to hospitalization among acute care inpatients. Results: The actual ratio of places in long-stay hospital units, nursing homes, and supervised residential facilities was 150:100 000 inhabitants. The ideal ratio, according to estimated needs, is 171:100 000. The figure breakdown is as follows: 20:100 000 for long-stay hospital units, 20:100 000 for nursing homes, 40:100 000 for group homes, 40:100 000 for private hostels or foster families, and 51:100 000 for supervised apartments. The needs of this urban, blue-collar population for supervised residential places hovered in the upper range of utilization and standards for European countries and within the proposed standards for Canadian provinces. Discussion: Needs for long-stay hospitalization or for supervised residential facilities cannot be treated as absolute. For example, evaluation conducted in this hospital-led system of psychiatric care may produce higher estimates of institutional care. Comparing actual utilization and projected needs in this urban catchment area with current utilization in other jurisdictions in Canada and Europe should contribute to establishing sound national benchmarks within ranges. Conclusions: It is possible to establish benchmarks that guide the development of supervised residential settings to best meet the needs of the population of adults with severe and persistent mental disorders. The methods used here to assess needs should serve as guidelines for future research, because they were designed to contain the bias of over- or underprovision of care in the current utilization.
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Arns, Paul G., i Jean Ann Linney. "Work, self, and life satisfaction for persons with severe and persistent mental disorders." Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal 17, nr 2 (październik 1993): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0095599.
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Lehman, A. F. "Measures of quality of life among persons with severe and persistent mental disorders". Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 31, nr 2 (1996): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00801903.
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Cook, Fallon, Laura J. Conway, Rebecca Giallo, Deirdre Gartland, Emma Sciberras i Stephanie Brown. "Infant sleep and child mental health: a longitudinal investigation". Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, nr 7 (9.03.2020): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-318014.
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ObjectiveTo determine whether infants with severe persistent sleep problems are at increased risk of (1) meeting diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder (age 10 years), and (2) having elevated symptoms of mental health difficulties (ages 4 and 10 years), in comparison with infants with settled sleep.Design and settingProspective longitudinal community cohort study—the Maternal Health Study. Mothers completed questionnaires/interviews at 15 weeks' gestation; 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post partum; and when their child turned 4 and 10 years old. Measures included parental report of infant night waking and sleep problems and child mental health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale; Development and Well-being Assessment).Participants1460 mother-infant dyads.Results283 (19.4%) infants had persistent severe sleep problems, 817 (56.0%) had moderate/fluctuating sleep problems and 360 (24.7%) infants were settled. Infants with persistent severe sleep problems were more likely to report emotional symptoms at age 4 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.70, 95% CI 1.21 to 6.05, p=0.02), and meet diagnostic criteria for an emotional disorder at age 10 (AOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.36, p=0.04). Infants with persistent severe sleep problems also had elevated symptoms of separation anxiety (AOR=2.44, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.41, p<0.01), fear of physical injury (AOR=2.14, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.18, p=0.03) and overall elevated anxiety (AOR=2.20, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.29, p=0.02) at age 10.ConclusionsInfants with persistent severe sleep problems during the first postnatal year have an increased risk of anxiety problems and emotional disorders at age 10.
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FIRTH KEITH BRIDGES, MALCOLM T. "Brief social work intervention for people with severe and persistent disorders". Journal of Mental Health 5, nr 2 (styczeń 1996): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638239650037027.
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De la Torre, Gabriel, Sandra Doval, David López-Sanz, Manuel García-Sedeño, Miguel Ramallo, Macarena Bernal i Sara González-Torre. "Neurocognitive Impairment in Severe Mental Illness. Comparative study with Spanish Speaking Patients". Brain Sciences 11, nr 3 (19.03.2021): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11030389.
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Background. Serious mental illness (SMI) represents a category of psychiatric disorders characterized by specific difficulties of personal and social functioning, derived from suffering severe and persistent mental health problems. Aims. We wanted to look into differences in cognitive performance among different SMI patients. Methods. Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) screening was applied in one sample of SMI patients (n = 149) and another of healthy comparison participants (n = 35). Within the SMI sample, three different subsamples were formed: one with 97 patients with schizophrenia, a second with 29 patients with mood disorders, and a third with 23 patients with personality disorder. We performed a comparative study within and between groups. Results. Analysis of covariance was performed. Significant differences were found for cognitive functioning including attention and memory. Conclusions. RBANS can be recommended for the detection of neurocognitive deficits in psychiatric disorders, especially in Schizophrenia.
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Kessler, RC, V. Shahly, PE Stang i MC Lane. "The associations of migraines and other headaches with work performance: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R)". Cephalalgia 30, nr 6 (26.03.2010): 722–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102410363766.
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It is unknown if comorbid conditions account for the association between migraines and work performance. This issue was investigated in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication ( n = 9282). Twelve-month severe or persistent migraines and other headaches were assessed with comorbid 12-month mental and physical disorders using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Work performance was assessed using the WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire. Significant associations of these conditions with work disability disappeared with controls for comorbid disorders, but severe or persistent migraines continued to predict work loss days even with controls. Individual-level and societal-level annual human capital values were $1165 and $9.3 billion for this subset of migraines. Roughly 20% of these associations were due to comorbidity, 60% to direct effects and 20% to indirect effects through temporally secondary comorbidities. These strong associations suggest that workplace interventions for severe or persistent migraines might have a positive return-on-investment for employers.
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Ormel, J., D. Raven, F. van Oort, C. A. Hartman, S. A. Reijneveld, R. Veenstra, W. A. M. Vollebergh, J. Buitelaar, F. C. Verhulst i A. J. Oldehinkel. "Mental health in Dutch adolescents: a TRAILS report on prevalence, severity, age of onset, continuity and co-morbidity of DSM disorders". Psychological Medicine 45, nr 2 (20.06.2014): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714001469.
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BackgroundWith psychopathology rising during adolescence and evidence suggesting that adult mental health burden is often due to disorders beginning in youth, it is important to investigate the epidemiology of adolescent mental disorders.MethodWe analysed data gathered at ages 11 (baseline) and 19 years from the population-based Dutch TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) study. At baseline we administered the Achenbach measures (Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report) and at age 19 years the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) to 1584 youths.ResultsLifetime, 12-month and 30-day prevalences of any CIDI-DSM-IV disorder were 45, 31 and 15%, respectively. Half were severe. Anxiety disorders were the most common but the least severe whereas mood and behaviour disorders were less prevalent but more severe. Disorders persisted, mostly by recurrence in mood disorders and chronicity in anxiety disorders. Median onset age varied substantially across disorders. Having one disorder increased subjects' risk of developing another disorder. We found substantial homotypic and heterotypic continuity. Baseline problems predicted the development of diagnosable disorders in adolescence. Non-intact families and low maternal education predicted externalizing disorders. Most morbidity concentrated in 5–10% of the sample, experiencing 34–55% of all severe lifetime disorders.ConclusionsAt late adolescence, 22% of youths have experienced a severe episode and 23% only mild episodes. This psychopathology is rather persistent, mostly due to recurrence, showing both monotypic and heterotypic continuity, with family context affecting particularly externalizing disorders. High problem levels at age 11 years are modest precursors of incident adolescent disorders. The burden of mental illness concentrates in 5–10% of the adolescent population.
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Kaludjerovic, S. "The Most Severe Somatic Disorders Treated with Excitaloprim". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (styczeń 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70737-0.
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Almost all of patients treated for cancers, experience episodes of persistent depression. Which moment is the most terrible? The moment patients hear their diagnosis,or time suffer while getting chemotherapy?The time on controls tumor markers or when their relatives give up on them? When mirror reflects damaged body and face. Or felt useless in the presence of their children?•diagnosis of cancers C00,E05 are difficult to accept, and go hand in hand with major depression F33/ according to ICD-10.•why excitaloprim as choice?Patients age 27 to 37 need antidepressant with pharmacokinetic superiority. Excitaloprim works faster than any other antidepressant, and it is strong, thanks to its dual serotonergic bonding on primar part as well as alosteric part bonding. It is weak inhibitor of the well defined liver cytochrome P450 isoenzym, CYP2D6., EEg .EKG is ok, so its safe drug/.In this study, I followed the results of excitaloprim treatment on 30 patients (20 females, 10 males).During 2 months, 20 patients were diagnosed with cancer (mostly colon and breast). All this patients have already been operated. Some have anus praeternaturalis.Other patients have AIDSinitial phase, and autoimmune dg/On Hamilton scale, 45, points, MADRS on 10 items, 40, on Becks scale 65.Zung self rating index o,6. In this project, patients without children were much more suicidal.Cancer patients got 20 mg excitaloprim pro die, other 10 mg pro die. After 2 mothsscales showed statistically important improvements despite severity.
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Liou, Yute. "Recent Advancement in Evidence-based Psychological Therapies for Eating Disorders: A Review". Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 8, nr 1 (14.09.2023): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/8/20230034.
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Eating disorders (ED) is a behavioral problem defined by severe and persistent eating pattern disorder and severe mental illness, which will cause serious and even life-threatening risks to the physical and mental health of patients. The best nursing guidelines include early detection and immediate intervention, supported by a science-focused interdisciplinary team approach involving experts in the fields of medicine, psychology and nutrition. This article summarized the current treatment suggestions by understanding ED diagnosis, the Association for Eating Disorders (AED) treatment guidelines, and the evidence-based psychotherapy recommended by AED for children/adolescents, adults, and special populations. Future modifications of the recommendations will take into account fresh scientific knowledge as it emerges because the body of evidence is growing quickly.
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SREBNIK, DEBRA, KATE COMTOIS, JENNIFER STEVENSON, HOLLY HOFF, MARK SNOWDEN, JOAN RUSSO i RICHARD RIES. "Eating Disorder Symptoms Among Adults with Severe and Persistent Mental Illness". Eating Disorders 11, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10640260390167465.
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Ackerson, Barry J., i Brad R. Karoll. "Evaluation of an Assertive Community Treatment—Harm-Reduction Program". Best Practices in Mental Health 1, nr 2 (1.07.2005): 34–49. https://doi.org/10.70256/734273vfzbbu.
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Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is recognized as an empirically based service model for individuals with severe and persistent mental illnesses. Recently, ACT has been successfully used with populations experiencing co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorders. This article discusses the development of two ACT teams that used a harm-reduction treatment approach with clients who have chronic, primary substance use disorders. This program’s evaluation included a qualitative component that focused on implementation issues during the first two years. Drawing upon ACT fidelity models, the evaluation examined the following implementation issues: program barriers, policy barriers, clinical barriers, and consumer needs.
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Leite, R. Almeida, A. Costa, J. Borges i A. Mesquita. "Clozapine in severe psychotic disorders: Balancing safety with efficacy". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (kwiecień 2021): S776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2053.
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IntroductionClozapine is a member of the dibenazepine class of antipsychotic drugs and has been designated an atypical antipsychotic drug. Clinical studies have shown that clozapine is effective in ameliorating the core symptoms, as well as the negative symptoms, in severe psychotic disorders and is therapeutically effective in treating about 30% of schizophrenic patients who are resistant to standard antipsychotic drugs.ObjectivesThe goal is to review pharmacology, efficacy, and clinical use of clozapine, such as its side effects, and the benefit-to-risk ratio of this antipsychotic drug.MethodsNon-systematic literature review based on scientific databases such as PubMed, using key words such as “clozapine”, “efficacy”, “side effects” and “resistant schizophrenia”.ResultsClozapine was developed as the first atypical antipsychotic with activity for both the negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The primary indications for clozapine are treatment-resistant psychotic disorder, defined as persistent moderate to severe delusions or hallucinations despite two or more clinical trials with other antipsychotic drugs, and patients who are at high risk for suicide. Concerns over a number of safety considerations are responsible for much of the underutilization of clozapine, such as agranulocytosis, metabolic side effects and myocarditis. These side effects can be detected, prevented, minimized and treated, but there will be a very small number of fatalities.ConclusionsAwareness of the benefits and risks of clozapine is essential for increasing the use of this lifesaving agent.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Francis, Perry C., i Amir Abbassi. "Ethical Issues and Considerations for Working with Community College Students with Severe and Persistent Mental Disorders". Community College Journal of Research and Practice 34, nr 5 (17.03.2010): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10668920701382658.
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Cochrane, Jeanette, Paula Goering, Janet Durbin, Dale Butterill, John Dumas i Donald Wasylenki. "Tertiary Mental Health Services: IL Subpopulations and Best Practices for Service Delivery". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 45, nr 2 (marzec 2000): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370004500210.
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Tertiary care subpopulations are characterized by having more than one significant condition, each of which has been traditionally dealt with by different systems of care. They experience severe and persistent mental illness and one or more of the following: age-related physical or medical conditions, substance use disorders, developmental handicaps, and acquired brain injury. This paper provides estimates of prevalence for each of these subgroups and discusses best practices which have developed in response to their special needs.
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Long, Nannan, Yongxiang Lei, Lianhua Peng, Ping Xu i Ping Mao. "A scoping review on monitoring mental health using smart wearable devices". Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, nr 8 (2022): 7899–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022369.
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<abstract> <p>With the continuous development of the times, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce, people are facing enormous pressure and mental health problems have become common. Long-term and persistent mental health problems can lead to severe mental disorders and even death in individuals. The real-time and accurate prediction of individual mental health has become an effective method to prevent the occurrence of mental health disorders. In recent years, smart wearable devices have been widely used for monitoring mental health and have played an important role. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the application fields, application mechanisms, common signals, common techniques and results of smart wearable devices for the detection of mental health problems, aiming to achieve more efficient and accurate prediction for individual mental health, and to achieve early identification, early prevention and early intervention to provide a reference for improving the level of individual mental health.</p> </abstract>
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Petry, Nancy M., Sheila M. Alessi i Carla J. Rash. "A randomized study of contingency management in cocaine-dependent patients with severe and persistent mental health disorders". Drug and Alcohol Dependence 130, nr 1-3 (czerwiec 2013): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.017.
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De Jonge, L., S. Petrykiv, J. Fennema i M. Arts. "Misdiagnosis of loin pain hematuria syndrome as a somatization disorder". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (kwiecień 2017): S491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.597.
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IntroductionLoin pain hematuria syndrome (LPHS) is a rare kidney disease with a prevalence of −0.012%. Its clinical features include periods of severe uni-or bilateral lion pain, accompanied by (microscopic) hematuria. It is often misdiagnosed as a psychiatric condition, particularly under the heading of a somatization disorder.ObjectivesWe describe the case of a patient who developed depressive symptoms after decades of suffering from severe intermittent bilateral loin pain.AimsTo report a case-study, describing LPHS as a cause of severe chronic pain and persistent depressive symptoms.MethodsA case-study is presented and discussed, followed by a literature review.ResultsA 55-year-female was referred to a psychiatrist for her depressive symptoms and persistent periods of severe unilateral or bilateral lion pain and intermittent hematuria for over 25 years. There she was diagnosed with a depression and somatization disorder. She received amitriptyline for many years, without any effect. Finally, the patient opted for a second opinion in an academic hospital in Belgium where it was quickly discovered. After surgery, including renal denervation and kidney autotransplantation, her somatic problems and depressive mood disappeared.ConclusionsThe awareness of LPHS is still very limited in medicine. This may lead to incorrect diagnoses, including psychiatric disorders such as somatization disorder. More awareness could lead to earlier diagnosis and prevent the consequences of severe debilitating pain.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Higueras, P. Hervias. "Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder". European Psychiatry 64, S1 (kwiecień 2021): S630—S631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1677.
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IntroductionFaced with a possible overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, a new diagnosis has been created in the mental illness classification system. This new diagnosis is named Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.ObjectivesWe propose to carry out a bibliographic review on the new diagnostic category of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.MethodsWe present the clinical case of a 10-year-old boy showing severe irritability symptoms.ResultsDisruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder refers to persistent irritability and frequent episodes of extreme behavioral disturbance in children up to 12 years of age. Onset must occur before 10 years of age and the diagnosis should not be applied to children under 6 years of age. The clinical course of these patients in adolescence and adulthood tends towards unipolar depressive disorders or anxiety disorders rather than bipolar disorders.ConclusionsThe new diagnosis of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder allows us to differentiate between the classic episodic presentations of mania from the non-episodic ones of severe irritability.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Cook, Benjamin Lê, Sherry Shu-Yeu Hou, Su Yeon Lee-Tauler, Ana Maria Progovac, Frank Samson i Maria Jose Sanchez. "A Review of Mental Health and Mental Health Care Disparities Research: 2011-2014". Medical Care Research and Review 76, nr 6 (7.06.2018): 683–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558718780592.
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Racial/ethnic minorities in the United States are more likely than Whites to have severe and persistent mental disorders and less likely to access mental health care. This comprehensive review evaluates studies of mental health and mental health care disparities funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to provide a benchmark for the 2015 NIMH revised strategic plan. A total of 615 articles were categorized into five pathways underlying mental health care and three pathways underlying mental health disparities. Identified studies demonstrate that socioeconomic mechanisms and demographic moderators of disparities in mental health status and treatment are well described, as are treatment options that support diverse patient needs. In contrast, there is a need for studies that focus on community- and policy-level predictors of mental health care disparities, link discrimination- and trauma-induced neurobiological pathways to disparities in mental illness, assess the cost effectiveness of disparities reduction programs, and scale up culturally adapted interventions.
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Conti, Valentino, Antonio Lora, Andrea Cipriani, Ida Fortino, Luca Merlino i Corrado Barbui. "Persistence with pharmacological treatment in the specialist mental healthcare of patients with severe mental disorders". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 68, nr 12 (10.05.2012): 1647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-012-1298-2.
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McCarthy, James, Mandy Habib, Diana Miley, Shuamis Freeman, Dena Rabinowitz, Heather Goldman, Hanna Yim Stefanyshyn, Tracey Murray i Renee Clauselle. "Bender Gestalt Recall as a Measure of Short-Term Visual Memory in Children and Adolescents with Psychotic and other Severe Disorders". Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, nr 3_suppl (grudzień 2002): 1233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3f.1233.
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To investigate the short-term visual memory ability of children and adolescents with severe psychiatric disorders, 82 child and adolescent in patients and day hospital patients in a state psychiatric hospital were administered the Bender Gestalt Test as part of a psychological assessment and then asked to reproduce the designs from memory. No significant differences were found between groups on either the Bender Gestalt Recall, or the WISC-III IQs and the Digit Span and Symbol Search subtests for Psychotic Disorders (Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Mood Disorders or Mood Disorders with co-morbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The Coding subtest scores of the Psychotic Disorders group were significantly lower than the ADHD group. Analyses showed that the Bender Gestalt Recall was significantly related to age, Performance IQ, and sex. The results were discussed in terms of both the poor cognitive functioning of children and adolescents with persistent, severe mental illness, and the importance of developmental level when using the Bender Gestalt Recall as a rough measure of short-term visual memory.
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Faruqui, R., K. El-Kadi i A. Rowell. "Organic eating disorders of pica, hperphagia, and severe food restriction: Presentation and prevalence after acquired brain injury". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzec 2011): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72420-8.
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IntroductionPersistent Hyperphagia, Pica, and Severe Food Restriction are rare but potentially life threatening complications following acquired brain injury. These disorders are not formally coded in disease classification systems though do present with significant management challenges in both inpatient and outpatient settings.ObjectivesTo inform treatment and management strategies and service development for complex neuropsychiatric conditionsAimsTo study presentation and prevalence of organic eating disorders following acquired brain injury.MethodsSystematic review of medical literature on Medline, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, using terms eating disorders, organic eating disorders, binge eating, bulimia, anorexia nervosa, atypical eating disorders, food restriction, pica, head injury, acquired brain injury, traumatic brain injury.Service consultations and identification of grey literatureResultsSystematic review identified case reports, case series, and case studies relevant to these disorders. It also identified lack of research in this area and absence of well structured longitudinal studies that can identify true prevalence in a representative sample. Persistent Hyperphagia has been reported in 2–3% of adult cases requiring inpatient post acute rehabilitation. Pica has been reported in young children after acquired brain injury only. Two reports identified this condition in post neurosurgery period. Severe food restriction, at times also described as atypical anorexia, has been reported following acquired brain injury. However, it remains rather difficult to estimate prevalence in different patient populations.ConclusionsOrganic eating disorders present with significant levels of challenges in patient management and do carry identifiable mortality risk.
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Ford, Richard, Alan Beadsmoore, Paul Norton, Anna Cooke i Julie Repper. "Developing case management for the long-term mentally ill". Psychiatric Bulletin 17, nr 7 (lipiec 1993): 409–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.7.409.
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Mental health policies and the focus of psychiatric services have shifted over the last three decades from hospital to community care. Greater care in the community and reduced psychiatric bed numbers have contributed to the discharge or non-admission of many patients with severe and persistent disorders who formerly would have been cared for in hospital. Increasing numbers of the chronically ill in the community will necessitate the development of systems to provide continuous and integrated services for such people.
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Keller, Matthew C. "The Evolutionary Persistence of Genes That Increase Mental Disorders Risk". Current Directions in Psychological Science 17, nr 6 (grudzień 2008): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00613.x.
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Natural selection constantly removes those genetic variants (alleles) that even slightly decrease average reproductive success. Yet, given the high heritabilities and prevalence rates of severe mental disorders, human populations seem to be awash in deleterious alleles. Evolutionary genetics offers an illuminating framework for understanding why mental disorder risk alleles have persisted despite natural selection, and this framework can help guide future research in behavioral and psychiatric genetics.
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Stirparo, Giuseppe, Roberta Pireddu, Marta D’Angelo, Dario Bottignole, Riccardo Mazzoli i Luca Gambolò. "Is Mental Health Worse in Medical Students than in the General Population? A Cross-Sectional Study". Medicina 60, nr 6 (25.05.2024): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060863.
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Background and Objectives: In recent years, there has been a notable increase in university students experiencing severe mental illness. The transition to university life can be demanding, leading to mental health disorders. Persistent stress and anxiety can cause demotivation, difficulties with concentration, cognitive impairment, and reduced academic performance. Mental health issues can also impact social relationships and overall well-being. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the mental health of medical students and compare it with the mental health of the non-student population. Materials and Methods: The survey collected demographic information such as age and gender. Participants were questioned about their self-perceived mental distress, diagnosed mental disorders, and history of therapy for mental distress. Various validated assessment tools were utilized to assess mental health and quality of life. Results: Medical students exhibit a higher self-perception of mental symptoms that does not translate into a significantly higher prevalence of diagnosed mental disorders. Medical students experience higher levels of anxiety and subclinical depressive symptoms and lower quality of life. Female participants reported lower QoL scores and higher levels of anxiety symptoms compared with male participants. While the prevalence of mental disorders did not differ significantly between genders (except for clinical anxiety), females tended to perceive a higher burden of mental health challenges. Conclusions: By addressing mental health issues among medical students, especially females, institutions can create a more supportive and conducive learning environment. Encouraging open conversations about mental health and providing accessible mental health services can help in destigmatizing mental health challenges and promoting early intervention when needed.
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Escarti, M., C. Alonso, L. Fernandez, O. Ribera, A. Beato, R. Cozar i G. Selva. "Brief intervervention for a metabolic syndrome in psychiatric outpatients with severe/persistent mental illness: A prospective study". European Psychiatry 66, S1 (marzec 2023): S904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1915.
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IntroductionMetabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in people with mental severe illness (Sun & Jang, 2020).Metabolic disorders in people with schizophrenia increase their risk of developing cardiovascular disease, consequently reducing their life expectancy by approximately 10 to 25 years (Heald et al., 2017)In part these cardio-metabolic risk factors are attributable to unhealthy lifestyle, including poor diet and sedentary behaviour.Lifestyle interventions (diet, increased physical activity) are the first-line treatments to decrease that risk.ObjectivesOur objective is to carry out a prospective study on the application of a program of healthy habits in outpatients unitMethodsPatients with mental severe illness were recruited at a mental health center in the Hospital Clinic of Valencia. Inclusion criteria: age from 18 to 65 years and diagnosis of severe/persistent mental illness Exclusion criteria: acute illness, were not understanding Spanish, not be able to read and understand questionnaries. We included following data: sociodemographic data and aspects of the health behaviors, anthropometric measurements and analytical with hemogram and biochemistry pre and post-intervention. All subjects gave informed consent for participation in the study.ResultsWe included 12 patients, but only 9 completed the full program. Average baseline data suggests that participants were at increased health risk when entering the program.At the end of the program, differences were observed: a reduction in glucose profile, a reduction of an average of 3.33 kg from the initial weight and a reduction of 10 points in blood pressure.ConclusionsThis real world pilot trial evaluate of a health promotion intervention targeting physical activity and healthy eating in mental health care using a specific programme.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Ishikawa, H., N. Kawakami i R. C. Kessler. "Lifetime and 12-month prevalence, severity and unmet need for treatment of common mental disorders in Japan: results from the final dataset of World Mental Health Japan Survey". Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 25, nr 3 (7.07.2015): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796015000566.
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Background.The aim of this study is to estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence, severity and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders in Japan based on the final data set of the World Mental Health Japan Survey conducted in 2002–2006.Methods.Face-to-face household interviews of 4130 respondents who were randomly selected from Japanese-speaking residents aged 20 years or older were conducted from 2002 to 2006 in 11 community populations in Japan (overall response rate, 56%). The World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured, lay administered psychiatric diagnostic interview, was used for diagnostic assessment.Results.Lifetime/12-month prevalence of any DSM-IV common mental disorders in Japan was estimated to be 20.3/7.6%. Rank-order of four classes of mental disorders was anxiety disorders (8.1/4.9%), substance disorders (7.4/1.0%), mood disorders (6.5/2.3%) and impulse control disorders (2.0/0.7%). The most common individual disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (7.3/0.9%), major depressive disorder (6.1/2.2%), specific phobia (3.4/2.3%) and generalized anxiety disorder (2.6/1.3%). While the lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder was greater for males and the middle-aged, the persistence (proportion of 12-month cases among lifetime cases) of any mental disorder was greater for females and younger respondents. Among those with any 12-month disorder, 15.3% were classified as severe, 44.1% moderate and 40.6% mild. Although a strong association between severity and service use was found, only 21.9% of respondents with any 12-month disorder sought treatment within the last 12 months; only 37.0% of severe cases received medical care. The mental health specialty sector was the most common resource used in Japan. Although the prevalence of mental disorders were quite low, mental disorders were the second most prevalent cause of severe role impairment among chronic physical and mental disorders.Conclusions.These results suggest lower prevalence of mental disorders in Japan than that in Western countries, although the general pattern of disorders, risk factors and unmet need for treatment were similar to those in other countries. Greater lifetime prevalence for males and greater persistence for females seems a unique feature of Japan, suggesting a cultural difference in gender-related etiology and course of disorders. The treatment rate in Japan was lower than that in most other high-income countries in WMH surveys.
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Ardiyani, Ina Dewi, i Hanafi Muljohardjono. "Intervensi untuk Mengurangi Stigma pada Penderita Skizofrenia". Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya 8, nr 1 (8.01.2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jps.v8i1.14655.
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Schizophrenia is one of the mental disorders with severe and persistent manifestations of psychosis symptomps chronically in which do not treated properly because of stigmatized in society, as well as the impact of stigma in schizophrenia that cause inhibition of recovery, interpersonal relationship, and socializing, then creates poor quality of life. There are several strategies of intervention used to reduce stigma which can be applied and adapted for Indonesia with accompanying considerations and challenges with different targets and goals to be achieved.
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Kovaleva, A. V. "Clinical Case of Goldenhar Syndrome in Psychiatric Practice". Acta Biomedica Scientifica 5, nr 3 (13.07.2020): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2020-5.3.5.
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A clinical case of a rare genetic oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome (Goldenhar syndrome) is presented in a young man of 18 years old, who was first sent for examination and treatment to the psychiatric ward. A retrospective analysis of anamnestic information indicates the emergence of psychopathological disorders in childhood in the form of a delay in psychoverbal development, emotional immaturity, and delays in the development of social behavior. Subsequently, persistent encephalasthenic and neurosis-like disorders were complicated by the addition of affective disorders of the depressive-dysphoric type and psychotic disorders. The lack of a timely integrated therapeutic approach with the addition of psychopharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and social therapy led to the formation of specific personality changes in organic etiology with significant disorders in the emotional sphere (lability of emotions, irritability, outbursts of anger, constant resentment and dissatisfaction with others), a decrease in the level of cognitive activity and a tendency to chronic course of neurosis-like and affective disorders. A statement of persistent pronounced violations of mental functions during follow-up observation caused severe restrictions in the main areas of life (communication, behavior control, education, work) and social maladaptation of the patient, which was the basis for referral to medical and social examination with the establishment of a disability group.
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Kaye, Sharlene, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Geurt van de Glind, Frances R. Levin, Stephen V. Faraone, Steve Allsop, Louisa Degenhardt i in. "Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers". Journal of Attention Disorders 23, nr 12 (27.02.2016): 1438–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716629217.
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Objective: To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers. Method: In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample. Results: Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% ( n = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.
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Alekhin, I. N., N. S. Apkhanova i E. V. Dushina. "Analysis of the organization and efficiency of dispensary observation of patients with mental diseases". Public Health 3, nr 2 (16.07.2023): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2023-3-2-13-20.
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The mental health protection of the population is an urgent direction of public policy in the field of health care, given the increase in the prevalence of mental disorders among the population. Topical are the issues of increasing the efficiency of dispensary observation of patients with mental illness in the light of the approval of the Procedure for dispensary observation of a person suffering from a chronic and protracted mental disorder with severe persistent or often exacerbated painful manifestations, approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated June 30, 2022 No. 453n. After all, it is within the framework of dynamic dispensary observation that it is possible to implement the necessary volume of complex medical, rehabilitation and medical and social assistance to patients with mental illness
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Mykhaylov, B., V. Mykhaylov i O. Kudinova. "Somatogenic depression on cardiovascular disease patients". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (kwiecień 2017): s498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.620.
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In research, based on the systematic approach of evaluating results of complex clinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostical investigation myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke patients the clinical structure features, regularities in the formation, development and course of somatogenic depression and associated disorders on these patients was determined. At patients with cardiac infarction in acute period the pain syndrome is the main one, leads to severe psycho-emotional disorders. Against the background of cognitive function preservation phobic, anxiety and depressive symptoms prevail, their intensity depends on the severity of pain. Subsequently, the primary psycho-emotional constituent element disappeared and anxiety-depressive disorders developed along with hypo and anozognostical type of personal condition perception. At cerebral stroke, patient's disorders of level of consciousness were primary with cognitive and asthenic disturbances with subsequent formation of psycho-emotional disorders, anxiety and depressive disorders with hypohondrical elements on the basis of persistent cognitive impairments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Kurienkova, A. "USE OF SCRIBING TECHNOLOGY IN THE SPEECH THERAPIST’S CORRECTIVE WORK WITH CHILDREN WITH SSD". Grail of Science, nr 25 (30.03.2023): 386–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.17.03.2023.064.
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Severe speech disorders (SSD) are persistent specific deviations in the formation of the components of the speech system (vocabulary, lexical and grammatical structure of speech, phonemic processes, sound production, prosodic organization of the sound stream), which are found in children with preserved hearing and normal intelligence [1]. Oral speech in children with SSD is characterized by a strict limitation of the active vocabulary, persistent agrammatisms, lack of coherent speech skills formation. The peculiarities of speech development of this category of children affect formation of the child’s personality, as well as all mental processes and educational activities. The above-mentioned peculiarities in the development of children with SSD cannot be overcome spontaneously. They require teachers to carry out specially organized corrective work using innovative techniques, as these techniques help specialists increase the effectiveness of classes on the development of speech and other mental processes [1].
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Mcgorry, Patrick D. "Early intervention in psychotic disorders: beyond debate to solving problems". British Journal of Psychiatry 187, S48 (sierpień 2005): s108—s110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.48.s108.
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SummaryThe challenges of early diagnosis are similar in psychiatry to the rest of medicine. For potentially severe and persistent disorders there is great value in early diagnosis, however, only under certain conditions. Early diagnosis would not be justified if there were no efficacious treatments or if such treatments provided earlier would do more harm than good for those exposed. There is growing evidence that earlier and sustained intervention improves at least short-term outcomes. However, early intervention may be iatrogenic where systems of care are poor in quality. One thing is clear, the general pattern of care is still ‘too little, too late’ even in the most affluent countries. Consistent and extensive reform of health systems, with recognition of early intervention as an increasingly evidence-based ‘best buy’, represents one of the key priorities in international mental health.
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Goderis, Geert, Dette Court, Andy De Witte, Bert Plessers, Johan Vandervelden i Pieter De Meester. "The Halmaal Home: The missing link between Mental Health and Primary Care." International Journal of Integrated Care 25 (9.04.2025): 179. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic24080.
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Objective: To develop an innovative initiative to improve (access to) somatic care for people with severe Mental Disorders (MD) and to facilitate (access to) mental health care for people living in the community. Context: As in many countries, people suffering from (severe) mental disorders in Belgium are at increased risk of somatic pathologies such as hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and transmissible diseases such as hepatitis B and C. Life expectancy is reduced by 15 to 20 years, mainly due to premature death from cardiovascular disease. These people experience difficulties in accessing quality somatic care, partly because of the overriding focus on mental disorders and persistent stigmatization. In addition, there is a persistent lack of integration and continuity between mental health care and primary care. People admitted to the hospital suffer from a lack of outpatient follow-up after discharge, and people suffering from MD in the community have difficulty accessing appropriate mental health care. Finally, in the Sint-Truiden region, the historical presence of Asster, a major psychiatric institution, has led to the settlement in the community of a large population of people suffering from mental vulnerability. Asster therefore joined forces with a local primary care practice and decided to develop an innovative initiative, the "Halmaal Home" (HH). Methods: HH is guided by a steering committee made up of several stakeholders, such as representatives of all the mental health care organizations in the region, primary care organizations, the chief executive and medical director of the psychiatric hospital, and representatives of the local council and patient organizations. The initiative is recognized and financially supported by the Flemish government. Finally, the initiative is being supported by a consultancy agency in the development of its mission, vision, and action plan. Results: The initiative is currently under construction and should start in April 2024. We want to focus particularly - but not exclusively - on people with severe long-term mental vulnerability. As such, we aim to position HH as an 'intermediary' point of care between the psychiatric hospital and the outpatient primary care environment, to strengthen and facilitate mutual collaboration. The interdisciplinary care team will comprise street nurses, practice nurses, physiotherapists, general practitioners, primary care psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers. The street nurses will actively seek out homeless people in need of care. HH will also act as a 'hub' for referrals to other health and social care providers. Our service to primary care providers (GPs, nurses,...) will consist of advising on how to treat people with (severe) mental health problems and, if necessary, facilitating direct communication with and access to specialist mental health care. Our service to social and municipal services will involve facilitating communication with specialist mental health care and the timely provision of care appropriate to the situation and its urgency. Finally, we will also organize preventive activities on topics such as smoking cessation, healthy eating, and mindfulness. HH will also work closely with the neighborhood through initiatives such as neighborhood solidarity and quartering.
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Borrego-Ruiz, Alejandro, i Juan J. Borrego. "Microbial Dysbiosis in the Skin Microbiome and Its Psychological Consequences". Microorganisms 12, nr 9 (19.09.2024): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091908.
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The homeostasis of the skin microbiome can be disrupted by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, leading to a state of dysbiosis. This imbalance has been observed at the onset of persistent skin diseases that are closely linked to mental health conditions like anxiety and depression. This narrative review explores recent findings on the relationship between the skin microbiome and the pathophysiology of specific skin disorders, including acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and wound infections. Additionally, it examines the psychological impact of these skin disorders, emphasizing their effect on patients’ quality of life and their association with significant psychological consequences, such as anxiety, depression, stress, and suicidal ideation in the most severe cases.
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Geng, Jie. "Protein folding and mental health: The impact of protein misfolding on neurological disorders". Theoretical and Natural Science 21, nr 1 (20.12.2023): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/21/20230860.
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Major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) are psychiatric disorders that significantly impact an individual's ability to function effectively within society. MDD is characterized by persistent low mood, leading to symptoms such as anhedonia, feelings of worthlessness, and cognitive impairments. BD, another mood disorder, is typified by recurrent episodes of depression and mania or hypomania. The disorder is associated with increased risk of suicide, comorbid psychiatric conditions, and impaired functioning across various domains. SCZ, a severe psychiatric disorder primarily characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, affects approximately 1% of the global population. The cognitive, social, and occupational impairments associated with SCZ impose a substantial burden on affected individuals and their families. Even though it sounds like three completely different mental disorders, because of the high degree of matching of symptoms, we firmly believe that there is a relationship between these mental disorders. Protein folding is crucial for proper protein function, and misfolding can lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Through recent research findings, we found that the changes in A plaques and tau tangles appeared in the typical psychiatric diseases mentioned above. This paper explored the impact of protein misfolding, changes in A plaques, and tau tangles on neurological disorders, with a focus on depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, also examines the role of molecular chaperones in preventing misfolding and the impact of protein misfolding.
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Huopio, H., S. L. Shyng, T. Otonkoski i C. G. Nichols. "KATP channels and insulin secretion disorders". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 283, nr 2 (1.08.2002): E207—E216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00047.2002.
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ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are inhibited by intracellular ATP and activated by ADP. Nutrient oxidation in β-cells leads to a rise in [ATP]-to-[ADP] ratios, which in turn leads to reduced KATP channel activity, depolarization, voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activation, Ca2+ entry, and exocytosis. Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (HI) is a genetic disorder characterized by dysregulated insulin secretion and, although rare, causes severe mental retardation and epilepsy if left untreated. The last five or six years have seen rapid advance in understanding the molecular basis of KATP channel activity and the molecular genetics of HI. In the majority of cases for which a genotype has been uncovered, causal HI mutations are found in one or the other of the two genes, SUR1 and Kir6.2, that encode the KATP channel. This article will review studies that have defined the link between channel activity and defective insulin release and will consider implications for future understanding of the mechanisms of control of insulin secretion in normal and diseased states.
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Nisa, Zia-un, Afsheen Talat, Shaheer Ellahi Khan, Aqsa Elahi i Iqra Ghazanfar. "Navigating Mental Health Challenges in Conflict Zones: A Mixed Method Literature Review". Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 12, nr 3 (22.08.2024): 2629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i3.2453.
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According to the World Mental Health Report (2022), 22% of the population living in conflict-afflicted areas have mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Mental health disorders are one of the most serious and underrepresented effects of surviving in conflict-afflicted areas. To investigate the prevalence of mental health disorders and potential risk factors that impact individuals residing in conflict regions and explore their lived experiences. A mixed-method literature review of the studies was conducted between January 2015 to August 2024. It combined substantial evidence from 15 quantitative (n=8) and qualitative (n=6) studies that were exposed to large-scale conflicts in the past ten years. The data was gathered through a range of databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO. Initially, 187 studies were identified, and 51 remained after screening. In total, 15 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results suggested that individuals in conflicted areas have a high prevalence of severe mental health disorders like PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Moreover, some risk factors that contributed were persistent exposure to violence, loss of livelihood, and displacement. Consequently, religious and psychosocial coping mechanisms did provide some relief. However, these mechanisms dominated the treatment-seeking decisions and prevented individuals from opting for biomedical healthcare practices. Conclusion: This review highlighted the need for a multidisciplinary approach to curb these areas' growing mental health imbalance. In addition to being a humanitarian right and necessity, providing adequate mental health facilities is a vital component of rebuilding and recovering the affected communities.
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Makushkina, Oxana A., i Valeriya A. Golenkova. "CLINICAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS IN PERSONS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS WHO HAVE COMMITTED VIOLENT CRIMES". Acta medica Eurasica, nr 4 (26.12.2022): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2022-4-37-46.
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The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to develop effective methods to prevent public danger arising from persons suffering from mental disorders, with identification of factors that influence aggressive behavior formation in order to improve measures to prevent crimes related to violence. the purpose of this work was to study the socio-demographic, clinical and psychopathological features and biochemical parameters in persons with mental disorders who committed violent crimes. the scientific novelty is determined by the importance of establishing the features of the complex influence of clinical, biological and social factors on the tendency to heteroaggression, the lack of scientifically substantiated data on the role of neurotransmitter and hormonal systems in aggressive behavior formation in patients with severe forms of mental pathology. Materials and methods. the research sample consisted of 100 respondents aged 18 to 60 years with a verified diagnosis of a severe mental disorder and the fact of criminal prosecution for violent crimes. the clinical features of the patients were evaluated using a clinical-psychopathological method with identification of the leading characteristics in psychopathological symptoms and syndromes. Standardized assessment of clinical characteristics was provided by the use of the psychometric methodology "Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale" (PANSS), the methodology "Structured Assessment of Unsafe Behavior Risk" (SOROP). for laboratory testing, blood and urine samples were used to determine the levels of serotonin, dopamine, cortisol, testosterone, free T3 (free T3), estradiol. Results. the most common clinical and social characteristics of persons with severe mental disorders and persistent aggressive criminal behavior were identified and described. in the majority of respondents, the indicators of the neurotransmitter system (serotonin, dopamine levels) were found to differ significantly from the reference values. a negative correlation was determined between serotonin excretion and the sum of points according to SOROP technique, as well as the subscale of aggression, which is part of the indicators in PANSS technique. Conclusions. the obtained data contribute to understanding the nature of heteroaggression in persons with mental disorders, indicating the need for further studying the relationship of social, clinical and biological parameters, determining their role in aggressive behavior formation in this contingent of patients.
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Kuzminov, V. "Some factors affecting on the severity of Acute Psychoses in Alcohol Withdrawal". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (czerwiec 2022): S824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2133.
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Introduction Alcohol withdrawal delirium is severe complication of alcohol withdrawal leading to high mortality. Early identification of severe course of psychosis and complications threatening the patient’s life is the most important problem in the treatment of these patients. Objectives Under supervision were 690 men, dependent on alcohol, in the state of withdrawal with acute psychotic disorder (primary hospitalization in the framework of this study); the average age - (39,9 ± 3,4 years), the average age of alcohol abuse - (9,7 ± 1, 1 years). The patients were examined in a dynamics after a re-hospitalization after 5-7 years. This allowed us to verify the differential diagnostic approach to acute psychotic disorders in a state of abandonment, to investigate the impact of chronic acute psychotic disorders on the course of alcohol dependence, including the formation of deficits. Methods clinical, clinical and psychopathological, methods of quantified scales and mathematical statistics. Results There were estimated factors influencing the severity of alcohol withdrawal with delirium: total amount of alcohol consumed per week, drunken alcoholics, persistent alcohol abuse, social disadaptation, cognitive impairment, psychological disorders, reducing the quality of alcohol consumed, food pattern characterized total calorie mostly due to alcohol, life trajectory, severe or chronic somatic diseases, rate of progression of alcohol dependence. Conclusions The severity of acute psychotic disorder in the state of alcohol withdrawal mostly depended situational factors such as the number of days of severe drinking before a psychotic disorder, the pattern of nutrition, the quality and quantity of alcohol consumed, the presence of acute somatic diseases. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Loveless, James P., Jaclyn M. Russo i Virginia C. Andersen. "The Successful Treatment of Insomnia in a Patient With a Complex Neurological History". Clinical Case Studies 19, nr 2 (4.12.2019): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650119890123.
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Insomnia is one of the more common sleep–wake disorders from which people suffer. This is particularly true among individuals who have experienced neurological insult via conditions such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, and other neurodegenerative disorders. While cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is one of the most effective behavioral interventions for insomnia, there is a dearth of empirical literature on its application to patients who have a history of neurological disorders. The present case study illustrates a largely successful course of CBT-I to treat a persistent and severe case of insomnia for Eric, a 55-year-old Caucasian man with multiple sclerosis and a self-reported history of restless leg syndrome and stroke. His treatment course is described in detail, and the implications of this approach to care are discussed.
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Saha, Anupam, Drishti Maheshwari, Arijit Das, Souvik Biswas i Puja Saha. "Obsessive-Compulsive disorder is a severe threat to society". Bionatura 7, nr 2 (15.05.2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2022.07.02.11.
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To give an overview of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). In this review, the vital information about OCD and the possibility of linking suicide through this mental issue, getting to provide references for cover. OCD is a chronicle real unbalanced form of mental disorder that leads to an unreasonable configuration of obsession and compulsion. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is usually believed to follow a persistent, repetitive course. The onset of illness has a bimodal peak – in early adolescence and adulthood. Obsessions are the elevation of thoughts and feelings irrespective of common or genuine sentiments, infuriating and repetitive effects on mental beings. Compulsion is a short part tempo result after the obsession to repeat a particular activity. This anomalous situation helps us understand that it turns out to be critical and last for a short period; it gets back as before when done. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a psycho-neurological issue that sets out to be impulsive and cause distress and uneasiness in a person's life. OCD has the potential to trigger suicide. An obsessive-compulsive disorder is outlined by the two proximity of continuous impulse and compulsions, and recent studies have also identified neuroimaging and neuropsychological correlations of a natural outcome, but these need further replication. After a comprehensive study, the evidence provided in this article presents that OCD may be a grueling mental issue and a significant threat to society. Keywords. OCD; Obsession; Compulsion; Neuropsychiatric; Treatment; Survey.