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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Sex”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 25 lipca 2025

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1

Chen, Xinzhu, Shuiling Qiu, Liang Huang, et al. "Effects of Selenium Application on Fermentation Quality, Chemical Composition, and Bacterial Community of Hybrid Pennisetum Silage." Microorganisms 12, no. 11 (2024): 2144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112144.

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The primary objective of this study is to facilitate the conversion of inorganic selenium (Se) into organic Se within plants via assimilation, subsequently feeding it to livestock and poultry to enhance healthy animal production and yield Se-enriched livestock and poultry products. Therefore, it is imperative to first investigate the impact of varying Se doses on the agronomic traits of plants as well as their forage storage and processing. This experiment investigated the effect of Se fertilizer application on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, and bacterial community of Penniset

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2

Hu, Dong-Liang, Katsuhiko Omoe, Yu Shimoda, Akio Nakane, and Kunihiro Shinagawa. "Induction of Emetic Response to Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in the House Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus)." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 1 (2003): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.1.567-570.2003.

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ABSTRACT The emetic responses induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), SEB, SEC2, SED, SEE, SEG, SEH, and SEI in the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus) were investigated. SEA, SEE, and SEI showed higher emetic activity in the house musk shrew than the other SEs. SEB, SEC2, SED, SEG, and SEH also induced emetic responses in this animal model but relatively high doses were required. The house musk shrew appears to be a valuable model for studying the mechanisms of emetic reactions caused by SEs.

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3

Ferreira, Daneelly H., Maria das Graças X. Carvalho, Maria J. Nardelli, Francisca G. C. Sousa, and Celso J. B. Oliveira. "Occurrence of enterotoxin-encoding genes in Staphylococcus aureus causing mastitis in lactating goats." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34, no. 7 (2014): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2014000700004.

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Staphylococcal enterotoxins are the leading cause of human food poisoning worldwide. Staphylococcus spp. are the main mastitis-causing agents in goats and frequently found in high counts in goat milk. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of enterotoxin-encoding genes in Staphylococcus aureus associated with mastitis in lactating goats in Paraiba State, Brazil. Milk samples (n=2024) were collected from 393 farms. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 55 milk samples. Classical (sea, seb, sec, sed, see) and novel (seg, seh, sei) enterotoxin-encoding genes were investigated by means of

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4

Hait, Jennifer M., Angela T. Nguyen, and Sandra M. Tallent. "Analysis of the VIDAS® Staph Enterotoxin III (SET3) for Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins G, H, and I in Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 5 (2018): 1482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0501.

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Abstract Background: Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) frequently causes illnesses worldwide. SFP occurs from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) preformed in foods by enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus species, primarily S. aureus. SEG, SEH, and SEI induce emesis and have been implicated in outbreaks. Immunological-based methods are deemed the most practical methods for the routine analysis of SEs in foods given their ease of use, sensitivity, specificity, and commercial availability. These kits are routinely used to test for SEA-SEE. However, only recently has a kit b

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5

McLAUCHLIN, J., G. L. NARAYANAN, V. MITHANI, and G. O'NEILL. "The Detection of Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin Genes in Staphylococcus aureus by Polymerase Chain Reaction." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 4 (2000): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.4.479.

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A simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based procedure was developed for the detection of fragments of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEG, SEH, and SEI together with the toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) genes of Staphylococcus aureus. One hundred and twenty-nine cultures of S. aureus were selected, 39 of which were recovered from 38 suspected staphylococcal food-poisoning incidents. The method was reproducible, and 32 different toxin genotypes were recognized. The presence of SE genes was associated with S. aureus strains reacting with phages in group III, and

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6

Sauer, P., J. Síla, T. Štosová, et al. "Prevalence of genes encoding extracellular virulence factors among meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic." Journal of Medical Microbiology 57, no. 4 (2008): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47413-0.

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A rather fast and complicated progression of an infection caused by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus could be associated with the expression and co-action of virulence factor complexes in these strains. This study screened the antibiotic susceptibility and prevalence of virulence markers in isolates of meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) obtained from patients hospitalized at the University Hospital in Olomouc, Czech Republic. A total of 100 isolates was screened for 13 genes encoding extracellular virulence determinants (tst, pvl, eta, etb, sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei and se

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7

Sura I. A. Jabuk and Eman M. Jarallah. "Molecular screening of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins associated with samples of meat / Iraq." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3590.

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Staphylococcus aureus secreted many types of toxins accompanying Intestinal poisoning resulting from eating food contaminated with bacteria or their toxins. Five hundred meat samples were collected from local markets, including fresh, frozen, canned, sausage and hamburger to investigate their contamination with S.aureus and then determined their ability of these isolates to secrete enterotoxins by using polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the ratio of isolated S.aureus is 30 (6%) and the percentage of encoding genes for toxins is 30(100%), 0(0%), 3(10), 0(0%),0(0%),3(10), 2(6.7)

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8

Šnejdrlová, Michaela. "Metabolism and sex, sex and metabolism." Urologie pro praxi 18, no. 1 (2017): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/uro.2017.006.

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9

Tranza, Franca. "Sun sea and sex." Nursing Standard 13, no. 43 (1999): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.13.43.14.s33.

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10

CHIANG, YU-CHENG, LI-TUNG CHANG, CHIA-WEI LIN, CHI-YEA YANG, and HAU-YANG TSEN. "PCR Primers for the Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins K, L, and M and Survey of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Types in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Food Poisoning Cases in Taiwan." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 5 (2006): 1072–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.5.1072.

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Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are important causative agents in gastroenteritidis and food poisoning cases. They are serologically grouped into five major classical types, i.e., SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE. In addition, new SEs, such as SEG through SEM, have recently been identified and characterized. In an attempt to survey the distribution of classical and new SEs in organisms responsible for staphylococcal infections in Taiwan, we developed PCR primers for the genes that define the SEK, SEL, and SEM types. Bacterial strains other than sek, sel, and sem Staphylococcus aureus, including s

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11

Smyth, Davida S., Patrick J. Hartigan, William J. Meaney, et al. "Superantigen genes encoded by the egc cluster and SaPIbov are predominant among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows, goats, sheep, rabbits and poultry." Journal of Medical Microbiology 54, no. 4 (2005): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.45863-0.

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In recent years several new staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) have been described, which currently have largely unknown frequencies of occurrence and roles in human or animal disease. One hundred and ninety-one Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows (99), goats (39), sheep (23), rabbits (15), chickens (15) and a cat (1) were screened for SE genes sea–see, seg–seo and seq and for the tst gene encoding staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 using multiplex PCRs and individual PCRs for the seb and sek genes. One hundred and ten isolates tested positive for at least one of these 16 superant

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12

Moura, Emmanuella O., Adriano H. N. Rangel, Cláudia S. Macêdo, Stela A. Urbano, Luciano P. Novaes, and Dorgival M. Lima Júnior. "Enterotoxin-encoding genes in Staphylococcus aureus from buffalo milk." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 8 (2019): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6011.

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ABSTRACT: This paper investigated the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus and the detection of enterotoxin-encoding genes of these strains in milk collected from 30 Murrah buffaloes used to produce dairy products in Brazil. A total of 68 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were found as identified by conventional laboratory tests, and thus screened for sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh and sei enterotoxin-encoding genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twelve strains containing enterotoxin-amplified genes were found, with higher expression for the sei and seh genes. These results can be attrib

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13

Castiglia, C. "Sex Panics, Sex Publics, Sex Memories." boundary 2 27, no. 2 (2000): 149–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-27-2-149.

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14

Mrosovsky, N. "Sex ratios of sea turtles." Journal of Experimental Zoology 270, no. 1 (1994): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402700104.

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15

Dennis, Simone J. "Melted Honey: Sax and Sex." Popular Culture Review 15, no. 2 (2004): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2831-865x.2004.tb00193.x.

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16

Kahraman, Beren Basaran, Recep Geckinli, and Seyyal Ak. "Detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in raw and pasteurized milk." Veterinarski arhiv 94, no. 1 (2024): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.2038.

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The aim of this study was to investigate staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) by ELISA, and detect the five classical sea, seb, sec, sed, and see genes by real-time PCR in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw and pasteurized milk samples. Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 98 out of 100 raw milk samples, and in 6 out of 100 pasteurized milk samples. On further biochemical tests, S. aureus was isolated in 48 samples (48%) of raw milk (n=100) and in one sample (1%) of pasteurized milk (n=100). Ten (10%) out of 100 raw milk samples were positive for at least one enterotoxin, and the most freq

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17

Becker, J., K. Rademann, and F. Hensel. "Electronic and Geometrical Structure of Se5, Se6, Se7, and Se8." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 46, no. 5 (1991): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1991-0513.

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AbstractThe vacuum-UV-photoelectron spectra of Se2, Se5, Se6, Se7, and Se8 have been recorded at a photon energy of h ν= 10.0 eV. The isolated molecules are examined in a supersonic molecular beam employing a new photoelectron-photoion coincidence technique. The structure of the photoelectron spectra of selenium molecules with even and odd numbers of atoms differs in a characteristic manner. While the spectra of Se6 and Se8 show one single broad band, three separated bands with different intensities are observed for Se5 and two for Se7. The spectra are compared to molecular orbital energy calc

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18

Gao, Fei, Le Wang, Rong Zhao, et al. "Rational Combination of Selenium Application Rate and Planting Density to Improve Selenium Uptake, Agronomic Traits, and Yield of Dryland Maize." Plants 13, no. 10 (2024): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13101327.

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Exogenous selenium application could effectively improve the selenium absorption of crops affected by different climatic conditions due to changes in the planting environment and planting conditions. We planted maize at planting densities of 67,500 plants ha−1 (D1) and 75,000 plants ha−1 (D2). Five selenium fertilizer gradients of 0 mg m−2 (Se0), 7.5 mg m−2 (Se1), 15.0 mg m−2 (Se2), 22.5 mg m−2 (Se3), and 30.0 mg m−2 (Se4) were applied to investigate the response of the plants to selenium fertilizer application in terms of the gradient selenium absorption and substance accumulation. With the i

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19

Kato, K., S. Miyashita, O. Murata, and H. Kumai. "Gonadal sex differentiation and sex control in red sea bream, Pagrus major." Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 28, no. 1-4 (2003): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:fish.0000030508.83907.e6.

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Roberts, Celia. "Drowning in a Sea of Estrogens: Sex Hormones, Sexual Reproduction and Sex." Sexualities 6, no. 2 (2003): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460703006002003.

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21

Naffa, Randa G., Salwa M. Bdour, Hussein M. Migdadi, and Asem A. Shehabi. "Enterotoxicity and genetic variation among clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Jordan." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 2 (2006): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46183-0.

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A total of 100 Jordanian clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates was analysed for the presence of the enterotoxin genes sea, seb, sec, sed and see using multiplex PCR. Twenty-three isolates (23 %) were potentially enterotoxigenic. The prevalence of sea, sec and sea plus sec among the total clinical isolates was 15, 4 and 4 %, respectively. None of the isolates harboured sed, seb or see genes. S. aureus isolates were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to test whether isolates harbouring the toxin genes were genetically clustered. A total of 13

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22

Blazquez, M., M. Carrillo, S. Zanuy, and F. Piferrer. "Sex ratios in offspring of sex-reversed sea bass and the relationship between growth and phenotypic sex differentiation." Journal of Fish Biology 55, no. 5 (1999): 916–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00730.x.

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Barc, Julien, and Jeanette Erdmann. "Sex matters? Sex matters!" Cardiovascular Research 118, no. 1 (2021): e1-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvab356.

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Dewey, Susan, and Tonia P. St. Germain. "Sex Workers/Sex Offenders." Feminist Criminology 10, no. 3 (2014): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085114541141.

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Dinges, Martin M., Paul M. Orwin, and Patrick M. Schlievert. "Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13, no. 1 (2000): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.1.16.

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SUMMARY This article reviews the literature regarding the structure and function of two types of exotoxins expressed by Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) and hemolysins. The molecular basis of PTSAg toxicity is presented in the context of two diseases known to be caused by these exotoxins: toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal food poisoning. The family of staphylococcal PTSAgs presently includes toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and most of the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEG, and SEH). As the name implies, the PTSAgs are multi

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ADESIYUN, ABIODUN A., IFEDAPO RAJI, and VIVIAN YOBE. "Enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus aureus from Anterior Nares of Dining Hall Workers." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 12 (1986): 955–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.12.955.

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The frequency of isolation of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in dining hall workers of a Nigerian University was determined. Of a total of 186 workers sampled, 47 (25.3%) were carriers of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in their anterior nares, including 19 (22.4%) of 85 cooks and 11 (23.9%) of 46 stewards. Fifty-five (26.6%) of 207 strains of S. aureus tested produced staphylococcal enterotoxins A (SEA), B (SEB), C (SEC), D (SED) or E (SEE). SEA predominated, with 18 (8.7%) strains elaborating it and representing 32.7% of all enterotoxigenic strains. SEC and SED were produced by 14 (6.8%) an

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Petersen, Christopher W. "Sex Allocation in Hermaphroditic Sea Basses." American Naturalist 138, no. 3 (1991): 650–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285240.

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Munson, Sibyl H., Mary T. Tremaine, Marsha J. Betley, and Rodney A. Welch. "Identification and Characterization of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Types G and I fromStaphylococcus aureus." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 7 (1998): 3337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.7.3337-3348.1998.

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ABSTRACT Staphylococcal enterotoxins are exotoxins produced byStaphylococcus aureus that possess emetic and superantigenic properties. Prior to this research there were six characterized enterotoxins, staphylococcal enterotoxin types A to E and H (referred to as SEA to SEE and SEH). Two new staphylococcal enterotoxin genes have been identified and designated segand sei (staphylococcal enterotoxin types G and I, respectively). seg and sei consist of 777 and 729 nucleotides, respectively, encoding precursor proteins of 258 (SEG) and 242 (SEI) deduced amino acids. SEG and SEI have typical bacteri

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Ślesak, H., K. Dziedzic, and D. Kwolek. "In vitro organogenesis in Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. – problems of sex ratios." Modern Phytomorphology 6 (April 1, 2014): 25–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.160392.

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Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. is one of the few dioecious plant species, which have sex chromosomes. We conducted the preliminary experiments to determine the type of morphogenesis of R. thyrsiflorus explants cultured in vitro and to verify, using PCR-based methods, if there is the relationship between sex and morphogenetic response of explants micropropagated under in vitro conditions. The results of our studies revealed the female-biased sex ratios among explants cultured in vitro (M:F=1:1.7). The female-biased sex ratios in case of explants showed organogenesis in vitro (M:F=1:2.44) may sugge

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Rothrock, John F. ""Sex, sex, and more sex! Does it always have to be about sex?"." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 46, no. 6 (2006): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00465.x.

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Purwanasari, HN, N. Fitria, D. Kusuma, F. Aziz, R. Widayanti, and S. I. O. Salasia. "Multiplex PCR detection of the classical enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus aureus in humans and animal isolates." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1174, no. 1 (2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1174/1/012010.

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Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent bacterial causative agent of bovine mastitis and human food illness by secreting enterotoxins. This study aims to identify the seven classic Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes (SEA to SEH) isolated from humans and animals. A total of 173 human isolates and 14 mastitis (goat and cow) isolates were amplified with a 23S rRNA genes. The presence of classical enterotoxins genes (sea-seh) was amplified using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR). Amplification of the SEs genes singly and in combination was observed from both isolates. Of 173 h

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Shen, Yifan, Chuankai Zheng, and Yifan Xia. "Study On the Impact of Sea Lamprey Sex Ratio on Ecosystem Stability Based on The Lotka-Volterra Model." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 108 (August 13, 2024): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/21atme84.

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Sex ratio adjustment has a profound impact on the stability of the sea lamprey and its ecosystem, altering its reproduction and host relationship dynamics. To understand the complex relationship between sex ratio and population dynamics, and to reveal how changes in sex ratio affect reproduction, the present study was carried out to improve the model by establishing the basic Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model and improving the model by combining the characteristics of changes in sex ratio to obtain the results that the sex ratio of the sea lamprey is an important factor influencing the change

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Weiss, Bernard. "Same sex, no sex, and unaware sex in neurotoxicology." NeuroToxicology 32, no. 5 (2011): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2010.09.005.

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Allaion, Josisleine Recalde, Karina Ghougassian Barrionuevo, Maria Jose Grande Burgos, Antonio Gálvez, and Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco. "Staphylococcus aureus from Minas Artisanal Cheeses: Biocide Tolerance, Antibiotic Resistance and Enterotoxin Genes." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031019.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a common contaminant in artisanal raw-milk cheeses. Tolerance of S. aureus to biocides is a threat to disinfection in the cheese production environment, while antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin production are additional health concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of S. aureus isolated from Minas artisanal cheeses to the biocides benzalkonium chloride, hexadecylpyridinium chloride, cetrimide, triclosan, hexachlorophene, and chlorhexidine, and the simultaneous occurrence of genes coding for antibiotic resistance (mecA, aacA-aphD, and tetK), efflux pump

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OH, SU KYUNG, NARI LEE, YOUNG SUN CHO, DONG-BIN SHIN, SOON YOUNG CHOI, and MINSEON KOO. "Occurrence of Toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in Ready-to-Eat Food in Korea." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 5 (2007): 1153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.5.1153.

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Toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus contamination in ready-to-eat (RTE) food is a leading cause of foodborne illness in Korea. To monitor food contamination by S. aureus, a total of 3,332 RTE food samples were selected from nationwide wholesale marts between 2003 and 2004 and examined. A total of 285 (8.6%) of the overall samples were contaminated by S. aureus. According to the analysis, 31.6% of the tested cream-cakes, 19.8% of the raw fish, and 19.3% of the rice cakes with filling were contaminated with S. aureus. Forty-seven percent of the strains isolated from the contaminated food were entero

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OBAIDAT, MOHAMMAD M., ALAA E. BANI SALMAN, and SHAWKAT Q. LAFI. "Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in Imported Fish and Correlations between Antibiotic Resistance and Enterotoxigenicity." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 11 (2015): 1999–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-104.

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A total of 156 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were obtained from 330 imported fresh fish samples from three countries. Selective media were used for the isolation of S. aureus, and the isolates were confirmed by PCR. The isolates were tested for mecA gene, antibiotic resistance, and enterotoxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, and sei). Most isolates carried sea, seg, and sei genes, and seg-sei was the most frequent enterotoxin profile. About 88.5% of the S. aureus exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic. High resistance to penicillin and ampicillin; low resistance to tetracyc

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Policansky, David. "Evolution, Sex, and Sex Allocation." BioScience 37, no. 7 (1987): 466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310417.

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Weber, Ceri, and Blanche Capel. "Sex determination without sex chromosomes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1832 (2021): 20200109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0109.

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With or without sex chromosomes, sex determination is a synthesis of many molecular events that drives a community of cells towards a coordinated tissue fate. In this review, we will consider how a sex determination pathway can be engaged and stabilized without an inherited genetic determinant. In many reptilian species, no sex chromosomes have been identified, yet a conserved network of gene expression is initiated. Recent studies propose that epigenetic regulation mediates the effects of temperature on these genes through dynamic post-transcriptional, post-translational and metabolic pathway

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Smith, Leslie Dorrough. "Are Sex Scandals about Sex?" Postscripts: The Journal of Sacred Texts, Cultural Histories, and Contemporary Contexts 9, no. 1 (2018): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/post.31002.

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Many scholars who study sex scandals focus on describing the cultural circumstances under which such events transpire, such as looking at media coverage and public sexual mores. However, relatively few actually ask more fundamental questions about why sex is such a critical act. Such scholars appear to presume that they have theoretically exhausted the social significance of sex so long as they have simply acknowledged its moral prominence. Using K. Merinda Simmons’ understanding of scholarly arguments on authenticity and her description of scholars as those who “grant transcendence” to phenom

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Shimada, Kiyoshi. "Sex determination and sex differentiation." Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews 13, no. 1 (2002): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/147020602783698449.

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Budin, Stephanie Lynn. "Sex and Gender and Sex." Mare Nostrum 11, no. 1 (2020): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v11i1p1-59.

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This article challenges some of the prevailing notions pertaining to non-binary sex and fluid gender in modern academia. Beginning with a look at the history of the sex vs. gender debate, it turns to the study of genetics to determine how binary sex is, overturning many current beliefs about the biological bases of multiple sexes. It then considers four case studies of so-called fluid gender in world history—Mesopotamian women as men, Albanian virgjinéshē, and Indian devadāsīs and sādhini—which show that these apparently “male women” never lose their feminine gender in spite of provisional mal

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Bijleveld, Catrien. "Sex Offenders and Sex Offending." Crime and Justice 35, no. 1 (2007): 319–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/650191.

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Smith, Matthijs J. "Sex Determination: Turning on sex." Current Biology 4, no. 11 (1994): 1003–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00226-8.

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Camerino, Giovanna, Pietro Parma, Orietta Radi, and Stella Valentini. "Sex determination and sex reversal." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 16, no. 3 (2006): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.014.

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Schubert, C. "Sex Differences Without Sex Chromosomes." Biology of Reproduction 93, no. 4 (2015): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.115.133074.

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Patel, Dr Vaibhavi, Dr Bhavna Puwar, and Dr Sheetal Vyas. "Sex work characteristics of Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in Ahmedabad city." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (2012): 351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2013/117.

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Crawford, C. B. "Effects of Sex and Sex Roles on Same-Sex Touch." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 2 (1994): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.2.391.

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Touch is an important aspect of nonverbal behavior. Important aspects of the relationship of gender and sex roles with same-sex touch were highlighted. 259 subjects participated in the procedure, yielding a significant difference between men and women on same-sex touch. Further, androgyny was significantly correlated with ratings on the Same-sex Touching Scale. Specific conclusions regarding these findings were discussed.

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Joel, Daphna. "VIII. Captured in terminology: Sex, sex categories, and sex differences." Feminism & Psychology 26, no. 3 (2016): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353516645367.

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Marchal, J. A., M. J. Acosta, M. Bullejos, R. Díaz de la Guardia, and A. Sánchez. "Sex chromosomes, sex determination, and sex-linked sequences in Microtidae." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 101, no. 3-4 (2003): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000074347.

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Tawfik, Linda, and Susan Cotts Watkins. "Sex in Geneva, sex in Lilongwe, and sex in Balaka." Social Science & Medicine 64, no. 5 (2007): 1090–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.10.002.

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