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1

Kamboj, Vipul. "Shape of Our Universe." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, no. 1 (2019): p8571. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.01.2019.p8571.

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Yu, Ziguan. "The Flatness of The Universe Through Theory and Observations." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 112 (August 20, 2024): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/b816cb51.

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Understanding the universe's shape is crucial for cosmology. Whether the shape is flat not only influences many other studies based on the assumption that the universe is flat but also helps people to build a better model to explain the evolution of the universe. This paper introduces several available methods to determine its flatness, focusing on the basic ideas and related theories. The paper mainly introduces the method of using the CMB's angular power spectrum to determine the universe's shape and gives the conclusion of a flat universe. Utilizing the lambda-CDM model, which suggests a ne
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Ellis, George F. R. "The shape of the Universe." Nature 425, no. 6958 (2003): 566–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/425566a.

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Wesson, Paul S. "The shape of the universe." Astronomy & Geophysics 43, no. 6 (2002): 6.13–6.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-4004.2002.43613.x.

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Meybodi, Alireza Emami. "The Shape of the Universe." International Journal of Cosmology, Astronomy and Astrophysics 4, no. 2 (2022): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18689/ijcaa-1000133.

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GOMERO, G. I., M. J. REBOUÇAS, and A. F. F. TEIXEIRA. "SIGNATURE FOR THE SHAPE OF THE UNIVERSE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 09, no. 06 (2000): 687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827180000075x.

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If the universe has a nontrivial shape (topology) the sky may show multiple correlated images of cosmic objects. These correlations can be couched in terms of distance correlations. We propose a statistical quantity which can be used to reveal the topological signature of any Robertson–Walker (RW) spacetime with nontrivial topology. We also show through computer-aided simulations how one can extract the topological signatures of flat, elliptic, and hyperbolic RW universes with nontrivial topology.
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Barrow, John D., and Chandrima Ganguly. "The shape of bouncing universes." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 12 (2017): 1743016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817430167.

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What happens to the most general closed oscillating universes in general relativity? We sketch the development of interest in cyclic universes from the early work of Friedmann and Tolman to modern variations introduced by the presence of a cosmological constant. Then we show what happens in the cyclic evolution of the most general closed anisotropic universes provided by the Mixmaster universe. We show that in the presence of entropy increase its cycles grow in size and age, increasingly approaching flatness. But these cycles also grow increasingly anisotropic at their expansion maxima. If the
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8

Epstein, Peter Fisher. "Shape Perception in a Relativistic Universe." Mind 127, no. 506 (2017): 339–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzw034.

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S, Kalimuthu. "On Algebra, Cosmic Triangles and the shape of our Universe." Annals of Mathematics and Physics 5, no. 1 (2022): 009–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/amp.000033.

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The curvature parameter k and the density parameter omega play the dominant phenomena determining the fate of our universe. According to these two scales, the geometry of the universe has three possibilities namely, flat, open, or closed. The flat and open universe will have continual expansion. But the closed universe will turn around and collapse. If k is zero, the universe is flat, if it is greater than zero, it is closed and if k is less than zero the universe will be open. And if the density parameter Omega is one (1), the universe is flat, if it is greater than one, the universe will be
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10

Jensen, Richard. "The Changing Shape of Burnham's Political Universe." Social Science History 10, no. 3 (1986): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1171125.

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Adams, Colin, and Joey Shapiro. "The Shape of the Universe: Ten Possibilities." American Scientist 89, no. 5 (2001): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2001.34.741.

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Jensen, Richard. "The Changing Shape of Burnham’s Political Universe." Social Science History 10, no. 3 (1986): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200015431.

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The discipline of political science deliberately abandoned history sixty years ago. In a quest for a true “science” of politics, it turned to physics and especially psychology for models of what a science ought to be like (Jensen, 1969). Rigor in defining and measuring variables and in the statement of theories and testing of hypotheses was sought, plus a method that could predict, and thus control, the future. History seemed unnecessary, for the terrible cataclysm of the Great War seemed to have erased or smothered the impact of the past. It would take political scientists a half century to r
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13

Shapiro, Joey. "The Shape of the Universe: Ten Possibilities." American Scientist 89, no. 5 (2001): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2001.34.443.

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14

Sorli, Amrit Srecko. "Einstein’s Vision of Time and Infinite Universe without Singularities: The End of Big Bang Cosmology." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 17 (February 28, 2020): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v17i.8649.

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Cosmology should be built on falsifiability, bijectivity, and experimental data. Speculations are not allowed. NASA has measured universal space has Euclidean shape, which means universal space is infinite in the volume. Einstein’s vision on time as the sequential order of events running in space has bijective correspondence with the physical reality and means that the universe does not run in some physical time; it runs only in space, which is time-invariant. In this timeless universe, there is no singularity of the beginning, there is no singularity inside of black holes. The energy of the u
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15

Sadique, Shaikh. "Modelling Insight to Ball Eyes for Higher Dimensional Hyperspace Vision." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 7 (2021): 599–601. https://doi.org/10.37871/jbres1283.

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To understand this complicated conceptual idea let me begin first with the definition of VISION and then after DIMENSIONS. The Vision is ability to acquire surrounding with input light, shapes, places, color to brain to create animated CONSCIOUSNESS in the help of Brain call Observable Life, Planet, Universe and Multiverse. Equally Vision also important to grow Brain Intelligence and Control to enhance, develop and shape planet earth and at present observable Universe. Now I would like to define term Dimensions as the ability of Eyes to scan surrounding available Vision with Left, Right, Top,
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16

MOHAPATRA, RANJITA K., P. S. SAUMIA, and AJIT M. SRIVASTAVA. "PROBING THE ANISOTROPIC EXPANSION HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE WITH COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND." International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, no. 24 (2012): 1250144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x12501448.

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We propose a simple technique to detect any anisotropic expansion stage in the history of the universe starting from the inflationary stage to the surface of last scattering from the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) data. We use the property that any anisotropic expansion in the universe would deform the shapes of the primordial density perturbations and this deformation can be detected in a shape analysis of superhorizon fluctuations in CMBR. Using this analysis we obtain the constraint on any previous anisotropic expansion of the universe to be less than about 35%.
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17

S, Kalimuthu. "On the shape and fate of our Universe." Annals of Mathematics and Physics 5, no. 1 (2022): 011–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/amp.000034.

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Einstein’s special and general theories of relativity revolutionized physics and cosmology. Newton assumed four identities namely mass, energy, space, and time. He told that space is absolute. Einstein modified and refined Newtonian concepts s by postulating that mass-energy and space-time. This enabled Einstein to find special relativity theory which predicted the variance of mass with velocity, the equivalent of mass and energy, time dilation, and length contraction. The extension and generalization of special relativity theory is the outcome of general relativity theory which is the geometr
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18

IMH Muhammad Akil. "Almighty, the Universe." International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences 3, no. 4 (2025): 64–67. https://doi.org/10.14331/ijfps.2013.330057.

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Centre; size; shape; age and Creator of the Universe are some of the most basic questions puzzling the humankind since times immemorial. Direction of time dimension is uncertain. The quest for the basic constituent of the Universe is still on. No theory is able to explain Its governance mechanism. Through this article, a truthful effort made to put together the Universal laws, which govern the functioning of the Universe. It, not even Its smallest constituent, can neither be created nor destroyed. It has created Itself in a state of dynamic equilibrium. Life span and all Its dimensions range f
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19

Giomini, Claudio. "Timaeus's insight on the shape of the Universe." Nature 425, no. 6961 (2003): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/425899c.

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20

Han, Xusi, Atilla Sit, Charles Christoffer, Siyang Chen, and Daisuke Kihara. "A global map of the protein shape universe." PLOS Computational Biology 15, no. 4 (2019): e1006969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006969.

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GOMERO, G. I. "CAN WE SEE THE SHAPE OF OUR UNIVERSE?" International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 29 (2002): 4281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02013320.

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We address three relevant questions related to the search for the size and shape of our Universe: (i) How do the actual observation of multiple images of certain cosmic objects, e.g. galaxy clusters, constrain the possible models for the shape of our Universe?, (ii) What kind of predictions can be done once a pair of cosmic objects have been identified to be topological images related by a translation?, and (iii) Is it possible to determine if two regions of space are topologically identified, even when distortions on the distributions of cosmic sources due to observational limitations are not
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22

Cornish, Neil J., David Spergel, and Glenn Starkman. "Can COBE see the shape of the universe?" Physical Review D 57, no. 10 (1998): 5982–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.57.5982.

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23

Imphong, Nantakarn. "A Study of Religious and Scientific Perspectives on Buddhist Cosmology." Journal of Education and Learning 12, no. 2 (2023): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v12n2p27.

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This research was qualitative, it was to investigate Buddhist cosmology as found in Buddhist scriptures and compare cosmological perspectives between 5 Buddhist scholars and 5 scientists. In Thai Buddhist cosmology, the principles of Paṭiccasamuppāda and Tilakkhaṇa share some similar ideas with the causality principle of science. Scientists regard them as a fundamental universal principle that underpins the laws of nature, which is unsurprising. Another similarity is Saṃsāra, the cycle of rebirth, which may be compared to the birth and extinction of stars but is not comparable to the physical
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24

De Vasconcelos Martins, Inês, Graça Bidarra, and Piedade Vaz Rebelo. "Looking for the good shape in the Poly-Universe material." Revista INFAD de Psicología. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. 1, no. 1 (2022): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2022.n1.v1.2390.

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This communication reports a set of activities carried out with a three-year-old male child in residential care, using the Poly-Universe material. This material involves sets of 24 pieces of geometric shapes and basic colours (square, circle and triangle), which allow puzzle-like constructions, transforming into a colourful geometric skill development game based on the symmetry of scale change, created by the artist János Szasz Saxon. In cooperation with the child, the educator made the material available, introducing circles, then squares and finally triangles, letting the child explore the m
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25

Šorli, Amrit S. "Einstein’s Misunderstanding of Time in the Time-Invariant Universe." International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences 11, no. 1 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14331/ijfps.2021.330143.

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Einstein has kept time as the dimension of the space-time continuum that is supposed to be a fundamental arena of the universe. Our research confirms time is the duration of changes, i.e., motion run in the time-invariant universal space that has Euclidean shape, it is infinite. Black holes in the center of galaxies are rejuvenating systems of the universe. In these black holes old matter is transforming back into the fresh energy of elementary that AGNs are throwing in the intergalactic space in the form of huge jests. These jets are fresh material for new star formation. The universal proces
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26

Wagner, Jenny. "Self-gravitating dark matter gets in shape." International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, no. 14 (2020): 2043017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820430178.

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In our current best cosmological model, the vast majority of matter in the universe is dark, consisting of yet undetected, nonbaryonic particles that do not interact electro-magnetically. So far, the only significant evidence for dark matter has been found in its gravitational interaction, as observed in galaxy rotation curves or gravitational lensing effects. The inferred dark matter agglomerations follow almost universal mass density profiles that can be reproduced well in simulations, but have eluded an explanation from a theoretical viewpoint. Forgoing standard (astro-)physical methods, I
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27

Dugan, William E., and William A. Taggart. "The Changing Shape of the American Political Universe Revisited." Journal of Politics 57, no. 2 (1995): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960317.

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Gomero, G. I. "Determining the shape of the universe using discrete sources." Classical and Quantum Gravity 20, no. 22 (2003): 4775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/20/22/004.

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Panek, Richard. "Did black holes shape the evolution of the universe?" New Scientist 215, no. 2876 (2012): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(12)62025-9.

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30

MOTA, B., M. J. REBOUÇAS, and R. TAVAKOL. "THE LOCAL SHAPE OF THE UNIVERSE IN THE INFLATIONARY LIMIT." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 11 (2005): 2415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05024705.

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Recent high precision data by WMAP and SDSS have provided strong evidence to suggest that the universe is nearly flat. They are also making it possible to probe the topology of the universe. Motivated by these results, we have recently studied the consequences of taking the inflationary limit, i.e. |Ω0 - 1| ≪ 0. We have shown that in this limit a generic detectable spherical or hyperbolic topology is locally indistinguishable from either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], irrespective of its global shape. Here we briefly present these results and further discuss their observational im
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31

Shaikh*, Md Sadique. "Modelling Insight to Ball Eyes for Higher Dimensional Hyperspace Vision." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 7 (2021): 599–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1283.

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To understand this complicated conceptual idea let me begin first with the definition of VISION and then after DIMENSIONS. The Vision is ability to acquire surrounding with input light, shapes, places, color to brain to create animated CONSCIOUSNESS in the help of Brain call Observable Life, Planet, Universe and Multiverse. Equally Vision also important to grow Brain Intelligence and Control to enhance, develop and shape planet earth and at present observable Universe. Now I would like to define term Dimensions as the ability of Eyes to scan surrounding available Vision with Left, Right, Top,
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32

Rozin, Vadim Markovich. "Is it possible to overcome the paradoxes of the modern conceptualization of the Universe?" Философская мысль, no. 3 (March 2024): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2024.3.69708.

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The article comprehends the natural science approach to the interpretation of the Universe. At the same time, the author relies on the material of studies of the Universe and galaxies conducted by the Russian philosopher Vadim Kazyutinsky, who shows that natural science studies of the Universe are paradoxical and more like a humanitarian discourse. Hannah Arendt's assessment of these studies is no less paradoxical, she argues that the natural science approach has led to the fact that the universe is inaccessible in practice and even unthinkable. In turn, the author argues that cosmology should
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Fabre, Ophélia, Simon Prunet, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. "Detectability of Torus Topology." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S306 (2014): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314010989.

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AbstractThe global shape, or topology, of the universe is not constrained by the equations of General Relativity, which only describe the local universe. As a consequence, the boundaries of space are not fixed and topologies different from the trivial infinite Euclidean space are possible. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the most efficient tool to study topology and test alternative models. Multi-connected topologies, such as the 3-torus, are of great interest because they are anisotropic and allow us to test a possible violation of isotropy in CMB data. We show that the correlation f
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34

Vayenas, Constantinos G. "How positron and electron reactions shape the universe we live in." Open Access Government 44, no. 1 (2024): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-044-11228.

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How positron and electron reactions shape the universe we live in Constantinos G. Vayenas from the University of Patras, Academy of Athens explores how positron and electron catalysis of neutrino hadronization has created the mass of our universe. For the first time, the mechanism of the violently exothermic formationof hadrons (e.g., neutrons and protons) from ambient neutrinos has been presented in several recent publications, (1 – 4) including a Springer Nature book. (5)
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35

Rouvray, Dennis. "The parsimonious universe: Shape and form in the natural world." Endeavour 21, no. 1 (1997): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(97)84880-6.

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Berné, O., P. Pilleri, and C. Joblin. "The shape of Mid-IR PAH bands in the Universe." EAS Publications Series 46 (2011): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eas/1146005.

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Rees, Martin, and Edward W. Kolb. "Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces that Shape the Universe." Physics Today 53, no. 12 (2000): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1341923.

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Negus, James. "The quantum universe: How tiny fluctuations can shape cosmic evolution." Physics Teacher 63, no. 5 (2025): 388–89. https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0258510.

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39

Kočandrle, Radim. "Nebeská sféra v Parmenidově kosmologii." Filosofický časopis 73, no. 2 (2025): 287–302. https://doi.org/10.46854/fc.2025.2r.287.

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The influence of Parmenides’ thinking is to be seen especially in the field of ontology. This is not so much the case in the field of cosmology, although its concomitant could be the concept of the celestial sphere, which for Aristotle enclosed the universe in the form of a sphere of fixed stars. In Parmenides, we encounter a solid part that surrounded the “wreaths” forming the structure of the universe. Although we are not informed about its nature and shape, elsewhere in Parmenides’ thought the shape of a sphere, in addition to the circular form, does appear. This is primarily connected with
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40

Gibson, Tom. "Tuned to the Universe." Mechanical Engineering 126, no. 12 (2004): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2004-dec-3.

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The Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope has advanced the knowledge of astronomy with some key discoveries. It assisted in observing the first known double-pulsar binary systems, improving astronomers’ understanding of pulsars and allowing the most precise test yet of general relativity. The telescope would have an offset feed arm, meaning the sub-reflector at the focal point would lie outside the path of incident radio waves, increasing the viewing area by as much as 10 percent. Measuring 100 by 110 meters, the telescope’s oval reflector dish has two acres of surface area. The surface would co
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41

Coştu, Fatma, Nesibe Firdevs Özdemir, and Bayram Coştu. "Revealing Fifth-Grade Students’ Understanding of the Universe." Mimbar Sekolah Dasar 9, no. 1 (2022): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53400/mimbar-sd.v9i1.43660.

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Previous research has shown that students at almost all levels have misconceptions about both the shapes and sizes of celestial bodies in space. This study is essential to conduct on the students who take space topic in their schools for the first time This study aims at revealing fifth-grade students’ alternative conceptions about the size of the sun, earth, and moon and their relative positions to each other. This study employs action research by using a forced questionnaire and interview were used as the research instruments and involved 78 fifth-grade students as participants. To collect d
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42

O’Callaghan, Jonathan. "Astronomers find long-missing dwarf galaxies—too many of them." Science 384, no. 6698 (2024): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adq5970.

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43

Li, Guoliang, Bo Xin, and Wei Cui. "Shape measurement by using basis functions." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S288 (2012): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312017061.

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AbstractGravitational lensing is one of most promising tools to probe dark energy and dark matter in our Universe. Lensing by larger-scale structures distorts the shape of background galaxies. For ground-based observations the shape is further distorted by atmospheric turbulence and optical distortions. Many algorithms were proposed to measure the shear signal but the systematic biases are still too large to be acceptable for the larger-sky surveys in the future. I will present our new algorithms for PSF reconstruction and shape measurements based on several sets of basis functions.
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44

Houston, Kevin. "The Poincaré conjecture: in search of the shape of the universe." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 40, no. 1 (2007): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms/bdm087.

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Gottlober, Stefan, and Gustavo Yepes. "Shape, Spin, and Baryon Fraction of Clusters in the MareNostrum Universe." Astrophysical Journal 664, no. 1 (2007): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/517907.

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46

Singh, M. K. "Understanding Theory of Origin of Universe using Cosmological Wave theory." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 4 (2025): 4863–72. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.69348.

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In this paper we have presented the wave theory of big bang. On the basis of new cosmological wave theory, it will be helpful understanding various issues unanswered in the existing theories of origin of universe like creation of matter, antimatter, dark matter, energy conservation, limitation of speed of light in universe and nature of medium before big bang. The concept given will help in concluding final shape of universe. We have also drawn some concepts and correlations on expansion of universe, nature of force of gravity and magnetic permeability etc. in this paper, which may be helpful
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47

Fisher, K. "Locating Frames in the Discursive Universe." Sociological Research Online 2, no. 3 (1997): 88–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.78.

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Scholars from a range of disciplines use the term ‘frame’ to mean a variety of disjointed and incompatible concepts. This paper examines a range of framing literature, from the writings of authors including Erving Goffman, Tuen van Dijk, Serge Moscovici, George Lakoff, Alan Johnson, William Gamson, David Snow, Robert Benford and Paolo Donati. Then it develops the theoretical case for defining frames as semi-structured elements of discourse which people use to make sense of information they encounter. Additionally, this paper demonstrates the need to include social system frames, which provide
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48

Herrera, Arturo Solis. "Melanin, The Perfect Candidate to Be the Dark Matter." Global Research in Environment and Sustainability 2, no. 7 (2024): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.63002/gres.28.607.

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Everything scientists can observe in the universe, from people to planets, is made of matter. Matter is defined as any substance that has mass and occupies space. But there’s more to the universe than the matter we can see. Dark matter and dark energy are mysterious substances that affect and shape the cosmos, and scientists are still trying to figure them out. Invisible dark matter makes up most of the universe (96 %) – but we can only detect it from its gravitational effects. Galaxies in our universe seem to be achieving an impossible feat. They are rotating with such speed that the gravity
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González, A., and H. Ocampo. "Path integral for (2+1)-dimensional Shape Dynamics." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 12 (2015): 1550057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15500578.

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We studied the path integral quantization for the Shape Dynamics formulation of General Relativity in the 2+1 torus universe. We show that the Shape Dynamics path integral on the reduced phase space is equivalent with the previous results obtained for the ADM 2+1 gravity and we found that the Shape Dynamics Hamiltonian allows us to establish a straightforward relation between reduced systems in the (τ, V)-form and the τ-form through the York time gauge fixing.
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Babenko, Leonid. "World Tree Buds: About one Type of Scythian Pole-tops." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 3 (2022): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp223215237.

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In the 4th century BC in the Scythian environment, pole-tops in the form of an openwork bell with a character hoisted on it — most often a griffin, deer or bird — become widespread. The shape of the bell is defined by researchers as «pear-shaped», «ovoid» or «barrel-shaped». However, it is unlikely that such a meaning was invested in this form by the craftsmen who made the pole-tops. The probable connection of the poles topped with the symbolism of the world tree, as well as the ornamentation of many bells with the image of palmettes, allows interpreting the «pear » shape of bells as an attemp
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