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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Shoot”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 25 lipca 2025

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1

Wilson, Brayton F. "Shoot-length frequencies in black birch (Betula lenta)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 10 (1991): 1475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-207.

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Lengths of all parent and current shoots were measured on three 8- to 10-year-old black birch (Betulalenta L.) trees with branches <8 years old. Older branches had more short shoots (<1 cm long) and shorter long shoots (>2 cm long) than younger branches. Parent long shoots produced three to nine basal short shoots. Observations on short-shoot production were consistent with the hypothesis that only buds with adequate nutrition formed long shoots. Three growth rules were developed for a model that simulated individual branch growth: (i) a regression predicting lateral shoot number from

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2

Yagi, Takanobu. "Relationships between shoot size and branching patterns in 10 broad-leaved tall tree species in a Japanese cool-temperate forest." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 12 (2006): 1894–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-138.

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Within-tree variations in branching patterns (the patterns of daughter shoot production by mother shoots) are the basis of tree architectural plasticity and, therefore, were studied in 10 cool-temperate broad-leaved tall tree species including three species with distinct short shoots. The relationships between mother shoot length versus branching patterns (i.e., the number and size of daughter shoots) were quantified for each species using regression equations. The number and stem length of daughter shoots were greater on longer mother shoots, although the majority of daughter shoots were shor

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3

Lauri, Pierre-Éric, and Jean-Jacques Kelner. "Shoot type demography and dry matter partitioning: a morphometric approach in apple (Malus ×domestica)." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 11 (2001): 1270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-113.

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In a study of the apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) canopy structure, 5-year-old 'Fuji' and 'Braeburn' trees grafted on a low-vigour rootstock (M9) were compared at both fruiting branch and shoot levels. Percentages of short ([Formula: see text]5 cm) shoots and short shoot leaf area were significantly higher on 'Braeburn' than on 'Fuji', (76.8% vs. 72.6% and 46.9% vs. 42.9% for 'Braeburn' and 'Fuji', respectively). This high percentage of short shoots as compared with literature data was probably due to the training method, which reduced vigour. At shoot level, the ratio between dry masses of ax

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4

Ishihara, Masae, and Kihachiro Kikuzawa. "Species-specific variation in shoot production patterns of five birch species with respect to vegetative and reproductive shoots." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 9 (2004): 1393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-099.

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We tested whether the difference in shoot production patterns of reproductive and vegetative shoots is only due to resource or meristem availability or also due to species-specific factors. Rates of shoot production by four shoot types (reproductive long shoots, vegetative long shoots, reproductive short shoots, and vegetative short shoots) in Betula platyphylla Sukatchev var. japonica (Miq.) Hara, Betula davurica Pall., Betula ermanii Cham., Betula grossa Sieb. et Zucc., and Betula maximowicziana Regel were compared. In the first three species, each shoot type produced all four shoot types. H

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5

Souza, João Paulo, Carlos Henrique B. A. Prado, Ana Lúcia S. Albino, and Maria A. Damascos. "Shoot-foliage relationships in deciduous, semideciduous, and evergreen cerrado tree species." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 21, no. 1 (2009): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202009000100009.

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The morphology and the biomass allocation in shoots and leaves were investigated in 15 cerrado tree species with distinct leaf phenology growing under natural conditions. Higher values of leaf/shoot ratio on mass base, individual leaf area, leaf area per shoot, leaf display index, and leaf number per shoot length were found in deciduous than in evergreen species. The differences about shoot-foliage relationship across leaf phenological groups could be explained by plagiotropic shoots on deciduous and by erect shoots in semideciduous and evergreen species. Plagiotropic shoots allow similar irra

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6

Remphrey, W. R., and G. R. Powell. "Crown architecture of Larix laricina saplings: an analysis of higher order branching." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 2 (1987): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-038.

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Quantitative analysis and simulation modelling of Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch branches revealed a complex system of architectural patterns and correlations. Numbers of lateral buds and long shoots were positively correlated with parent-shoot length, but the relationships varied among shoot orders and for sylleptic shoots. For order 2 and sylleptic shoots, numbers of lateral long shoots were also correlated with associated terminal-shoot lengths. Sylleptic shoots produced more lateral long shoots than equivalent proleptic shoots. Lateral long-shoot lengths decreased basipetally and were cor

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7

Johnson, R. S., and A. N. Lakso. "Carbon Balance Model of a Growing Apple Shoot: I. Development of the Model." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, no. 2 (1986): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.111.2.160.

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Abstract A computer model simulating the C balance of a growing ‘Jonamac’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) shoot was constructed to estimate the time of first net carbohydrate export from the shoot. The model was based on measurements of net photosynthesis and dark respiration rates and estimates of the dry weight in the different components of the shoot. Under the prevailing weather of 1981, the model indicates that a shoot growing to a final length of 50 cm became a net exporter of carbohydrates 19 days after budbreak, a time corresponding to a shoot 4 cm long with 10 unfolded leaves. Assuming

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8

Prokopiv, A. "Structural organization of shoot system of Gentiana L." Modern Phytomorphology 1 (April 1, 2012): 149–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.162774.

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Two groups of shoot formation models in the genus Gentiana L. were highlighted. The models differ significantly in terms of shoots morpho-functional differentiation. In particular, the first group includes shoots systems with shoots which potentially complete their development with the generative organs formation and in any case form the part of the shoot system. The second group of shoot systems includes those with vegetative and generative shoots and only former are involved in the formation of perennial part of shoot system. The new models of shoot formation for description of the structure

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9

Bosabalidis, A. "The annual biological cycles of Teucrium polium L. and Thymus sibthorpii Bentham (Lamiaceae)." Modern Phytomorphology 8 (May 20, 2015): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.159831.

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Teucrium polium appears in winter as a cluster of short shoots with small leaves (chamaephyte). In early spring, shoots progressively elongate until in late spring shoot elongation ceases. At the tip of each shoot, an inflorescence (dichasium with apical racemes) is developed which completes pollination by the end of July. Summer leaves are about 10-fold larger than winter leaves. In November, summer leaves are shed and the leaf-naked shoots later become dried and abscise. In winter, the dormant buds at the base of the plant break dormancy and generate many short shoots forming a claster. Thym

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10

Saouab, Fatima-Ezzahra, and Mohammed Bendriss Amraoui. "Short Shoot Growth and Reproduction Response to Light Conditions Vary with Order Branching in the Proximal Part of C. atlantica Crown." International Journal of Forestry Research 2020 (February 10, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8383010.

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This study compared the effects of shading in individual branch orders 2 and 3 on the needle survival, growth, and reproduction of five categories of short shoots of the proximal part of wild Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) G. Manetti ex Carrière). The sun exposure did not affect the number of short shoots in the two branch orders, whereas light compared to shade only stimulates the unbranched short shoot elongation of the branch order 3. The impact of shade exposure compared to sun on the loss of needles depends on the order of branching; it is weak to order 2 and increases to higher or

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11

Remphrey, W. R., and G. R. Powell. "Crown architecture of Larix laricina saplings: production and disposition of foliage and their simulation." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 11 (1988): 2234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-306.

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In saplings of Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch (tamarack), correlations between projected leaf area (PLA) and architectural variables such as shoot length and shoot age were incorporated into existing simulation models to estimate the distribution of PLA in the crown according to several spatial, temporal, and morphological parameters. After five generations of simulated shoot growth, PLA values ranged from 8.2 m2 for trees with short height growth increments (HGIs) and no syllepsis to 25.5 m2 for those with long HGIs and heavy syllepsis. Although PLA increased, the rate of increase declined o

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12

Ruan, Yiqin, and Mark H. Brand. "In Vitro Responses of Tissues from Rhododendron Plants With and Without Tissue Proliferation." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 873D—873. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.873d.

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Rhododendron `Montego' shoot cultures initiated from plants with and without tissue proliferation (TP and NTP) served as explant sources for all studies (Note: in vitro TP shoot cultures produce primarily dwarf shoots, some long shoots, and stem tumors). Calli induced from TP leaves and tumors and NTP leaves were cultured on woody plant (WP) medium containing NAA and 2-iP. During the first 4 weeks of culture, calli from NTP leaves had higher relative growth rates than calli from TP leaves or tumors. However, calli from TP leaves and tumors grew faster than calli from NTP leaves for all subcult

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13

Bilbrough, C. J., and J. H. Richards. "Branch architecture of sagebrush and bitterbrush: use of a branch complex to describe and compare patterns of growth." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 6 (1991): 1288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-167.

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The concept of the modularity of plant growth form was incorporated with the fates of buds and used as a framework to describe the typical branch-level developmental morphology of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle) and bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata (Pursh) D.C.). Typical branches included one 2-year-old long shoot and all 1-year-old long shoots originating from that twig. Growth patterns were examined by position along each long shoot within the experimental branches. Shoot fates were recorded for each node and biomass production was estimated. Both species had spe

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14

Kozlov, Mikhail V. "Contrasting response of mountain birch to damage by Eriocrania leafminers in polluted and unpolluted habitats." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 1 (2005): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-158.

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The leafmining larvae of Eriocrania spp. (Lepidoptera, Eriocraniidae) develop in the expanding leaves of mountain birch, Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti. The larva usually consumes over a half of the leaf, implying moderate foliar damage to an individual shoot. I demonstrated that in unpolluted forests, effects of damage are restricted to the mined leaf, which grows smaller and demonstrates higher fluctuating asymmetry than intact leaves. In contrast, in heavily polluted industrial barrens, mining of the single leaf adversely affects the entire shoot; timing and expres

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15

Puntieri, Javier G., María S. Souza, Daniel Barthélémy, Cecilia Brion, Martín Nuñez, and Camilo Mazzini. "Preformation, neoformation, and shoot structure in Nothofagus dombeyi (Nothofagaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 8 (2000): 1044–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-069.

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Buds in different positions along trunk, main branch, secondary branch, and short branch parent shoots of young Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Blume trees were dissected, and the number of organs of their rudimentary shoots was counted. Bud contents were compared with the number of organs of sibling shoots developed in positions equivalent to those of the dissected buds. Cataphyll number was relatively constant for all buds. The number of green leaf primordia differentiated in each bud depended both on the position of the bud on the parent shoot and on the size of the parent shoot. Sibling shoots

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16

Buxton, Katrina N., Michael J. Clearwater, K. Giles-Hansen, E. W. Hewett, and Ian B. Ferguson. "Comparison of xylem sap mineral concentrations between kiwifruit shoot types using spittlebugs for non-destructive sampling of sap." Functional Plant Biology 34, no. 11 (2007): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp07091.

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Excreta of the meadow spittlebug [Philaenus spumarius L. (Homoptera: Cercopidae)] feeding on leaves and pedicels of kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’] were collected from insects from two different positions in the vine: from long, non-terminating axillary shoots producing fruit that are high in Ca2+ and low in K+ and from short-terminating axillary shoots producing fruit that are low in Ca2+ and high in K+. The Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and P concentrations in the excreta were determined, and found to be similar to those in the xylem sap. Dail

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17

Nopiana, Rina, Hariadi Hariadi, Lalu Aji Kurniawan, and Suryansah Suryansah. "Efektivitas jump shoot tanpa awalan dan jump shoot dengan awalan terhadap hasil tembak jump shoot." Jurnal Porkes 7, no. 1 (2024): 288–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/porkes.v7i1.25895.

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This study aims to examine the effectiveness of jump shoot without a prefix and jump shoot with a prefix on the results of jump shoot shooting on basketball teams. This research is an experimental research with randomized pre and test control group design. The population of this study was the basketball team of SMAN 2 Selong 20 people. Sample aggota basketball extracurricular team members SMAN 2 Selong. The sampling technique used saturated sampling technique. Date collection techniques using tests. Date analysis techniques using t test before and after. The results of the date pretets jump sh

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18

Sedlák, J., and F. Paprštein. "Micropropagation of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) through shoot tip cultures: Short communication." Horticultural Science 38, No. 4 (2011): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/115/2010-hortsci.

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The goal of this study was to determine an efficient micropropagation system for cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.). Cranberry cultivar Howes was successfully established in vitro using mercuric chloride in a concentration of 0.15% as a sterilization solution. Anderson&rsquo;s rhododendron medium (AN), half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (half-MS) and McCown woody plant medium (WPM) containing the cytokinin zeatin in concentrations 0.5, 1 or 2&nbsp;mg/l were tested. Generally, the highest multiplication rate (2.7) was obtained for cv. Howes on AN medium with the concentration

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19

Ueno, Naoto, Hiroshi Kanno, and Kenji Seiwa. "Sexual differences in shoot and leaf dynamics in the dioecious tree Salix sachalinensis." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 12 (2006): 1852–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-142.

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In the dioecious tree Salix sachalinensis Fr. Schm., females invested a greater amount of biomass to reproductive organs compared with males, indicating a greater reproductive cost in females. To elucidate mechanisms for the compensation of reproductive costs in females, we examined differences between the sexes in resource allocation, leaf and shoot dynamics, and leaf photosynthetic ability. In individual 1-year-old shoots, greater vegetative shoot biomass was observed in females than in males, although the mean mass of individual vegetative shoots was lower in females than in males. In both

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20

O.G., Gyrenko, Kovalska L.A., and Tkachenko G.M. "Peculiarities of morphological structure of elementary shoot and shoot system of the genus Coelogyne Lindl. species (Orchidaceae Juss.)." Plant Introduction 74 (June 1, 2017): 42–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2299774.

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<strong>Objective </strong> – to investigate morphological peculiarities of elementary shoot of four species of the genus <em>Coelogyne </em>Lindl. (iJuss.): <em>C. fimbriata</em> Lindl., <em>C. flaccida</em> Lindl., <em>C. huettneriana</em> Rchb.f., <em>C. viscosa</em> Rchb. f. <strong>Material and methods.</strong> The raw material derived from living plant collections of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, of the NAS of Ukraine. The study of vegetative and reproductive organs was performed by dissection and study of buds and shoots using “STEMI 2000-C”. To characte

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21

Wilson, Brayton F. "Compensatory shoot growth in young black birch and red maple trees." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 2 (1993): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-040.

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Black birch (Betulalenta L.) and red maple (Acerrubrum L.) trees 1.5–2 m tall responded by compensatory (increased) shoot growth following a single treatment where shoots on the whole tree were clipped. Total shoot length of clipped trees recovered to control levels after 1 year's growth. The remaining buds on clipped shoots grew more than they would have without clipping. Frequency distributions of shoot lengths shifted toward longer lengths in clipped trees in the 1st year, but were similar to controls 2 years after clipping. The longest shoots were as long, or longer, on clipped shoots as o

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22

Struve, Daniel K. "Cultural Treatment and Cutting Type Affects Growth of ‘Heritage’ Birch Rooted Cuttings." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 3, no. 3 (1985): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-3.3.142.

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Rooted cuttings of Betula nigra ‘Heritage’ originating from short shoots were either staked and lateral shoots pruned to a 3 node length or were unstaked and unpruned. One hundred and twenty-five days following propagation, the pruned and staked plants had higher net assimilation rates and lower leaf area ratios than unstaked and unpruned plants. No differences in relative growth rates, total dry weight, root/shoot ratios or shoot length were observed between control and treated plants. Pruned and staked plants had, relative to unstaked and unpruned, less leaf surface area composed of fewer bu

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23

Chée, R., and R. M. Pool. "Morphogenic Responses to Propagule Trimming, Spectral Irradiance, and Photoperiod of Grapevine Shoots Recultured in Vitro." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 2 (1989): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.2.350.

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Abstract In an effort to improve grapevine micropropagation, shoot proliferation and rooting in response to explant preparation and incubation conditions were investigated. The explants were three- to four-node shoots (15 mm) of the Vitis hybrid ‘Remaily Seedless’ cultured in vitro. The factors considered were white light of diverse spectral irradiance distributions, blue light, red light, 10-hr light/14-hr dark and 16-hr light/8-hr dark photoperiods, and leaf and/or apex removal from the explant. In white light and short days, leaf and/or apex removal did not affect shoot production; however,

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24

Ab Rahman, Zuraida, Mohd Shukri Mat Ali, Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli, Khadijah Awang, and Ayu Nazreena Othman. "Optimization of Culture Media Formulations for Micropropagation of Lepisanthes fruticosa." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 15, no. 1 (2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2607.

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Tissue culture provides an avenue for the production of high quality clonal plants in large numbers within a short time. Here, we describe the development of protocols for reproducible in vitro micropropagation of Lepisanthes fruticosa via direct organogenesis. Shoots were initiated from two types of explants, nodes and young shoots, to establish in vitro cultures on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium or Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP). Semi-solid WPM media containing 1 mg/L BAP was most effective in shoot initiation in both node an

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25

Hayes, P. A., T. A. Steeves, and B. R. Neal. "An architectural analysis of Shepherdia canadensis and Shepherdia argentea: patterns of shoot development." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 6 (1989): 1870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-237.

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In the context of an architectural analysis, the seasonal pattern of shoot development of Shepherdia canadensis and S. argentea (Elaeagnaceae) was examined. In both species floral bud burst was the first outward manifestation of seasonal activity. Vegetative shoots of S. canadensis expanded 3 – 5 pairs of preformed leaves during a period of 9 – 10 weeks. There was no pattern of internodal length that identified annual increments. In S. argentea, 6 – 18 pairs of leaves expanded during a period of 15 – 17 weeks, the variation being related to the extent of neoformation. There was a distinct patt

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26

Chen, Wen-Shaw, Hsueh-Wen Chang, Wen-Huei Chen, and Yih-Shyan Lin. "Gibberellic Acid and Cytokinin Affect Phalaenopsis Flower Morphology at High Temperature." HortScience 32, no. 6 (1997): 1069–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.6.1069.

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Gibberellin A3 (GA3: 1, 3, or 5 (μg/shoot), 6N-benzyladenine (BA: 1, 3, or 5 μg/shoot), or both were applied to the flowering shoots of a white hybrid Phalaenopsis orchid (Leda) when they were 2 to 3 cm (stage 1, no flower primordial long at high temperature (30 °C day/25 °C night). When flowering shoots were treated with GA3, alone, deformed flowers were more frequent with increasing GA3 concentrations. The occurrence of GA3-induced deformed flowers was prevented by BA at the same dose as GA3 when applied 4 days after GA3 treatment. BA (1, 3, or 5 μg/shoot) was also applied 4 days before (tim

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Malan, Daniel G., and Gerard Jacobs. "Effect of Photoperiod and Shoot Decapitation on Flowering of Leucospermum `Red Sunset'." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 1 (1990): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.1.131.

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Incandescent light night break (NB) and day continuation (DC) prevented flower formation in Leucospermum R.Br. cv. Red Sunset. Natural short days (NSD) during winter were inductive for flowering of intact shoots until 28 Aug. (Southern Hemisphere), but only until 24 July for decapitated shoots. Vegetative axillary buds released from correlative inhibition by shoot decapitation were less responsive to inductive short days (SD) than distal axillary buds on intact shoots. At least 42 inductive SD cycles were required for normal flowering after cessation of shoot growth. The effective length of th

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Little, Stefan A., Brooke Jacobs, Steven J. McKechnie, Ranessa L. Cooper, Michael L. Christianson, and Judith A. Jernstedt. "Branch architecture inGinkgo biloba: Wood anatomy and long shoot-short shoot interactions." American Journal of Botany 100, no. 10 (2013): 1923–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1300123.

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Vujović, T., Dj Ružić, and R. Cerović. "In vitro shoot multiplication as influenced by repeated subculturing of shoots of contemporary fruit rootstocks." Horticultural Science 39, No. 3 (2012): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/208/2011-hortsci.

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In vitro shoots of vegetative rootstocks for cherry (Gisela 5 and Gisela 6), plum (Fereley Jaspi) and pear (Pyrodwarf) were repeatedly subcultured for 10 subcultures on Murashige and Skoog medium of unchanged hormonal composition. Shoot formation capacity decreased over repeated subculturing in all genotypes. The first significant decrease in multiplication index was observed after first subculture in Gisela 6 and Fereley Jaspi, while in Gisela 5 the decline occurred after second subculture, and remained at that level. As for Gisela 6 and Fereley Jaspi, multiplication index was mainly stable f

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30

Plessis, Helena Jacoba du, Roumiana Vassileva Nikolova, Bronwyn Anne Egan, and Riana Kleynhans. "Preliminary study on in vitro shoot culture of Hibiscus coddii subsp. barnardii, an indigenous South African flowering plant." Ornamental Horticulture 27, no. 3 (2021): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v27i3.2353.

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Abstract In vivo and in vitro grown plants of Hibiscus coddii subsp. barnardii were used as explant source for establishment of in vitro cultures. Nodal shoot explants derived from in vivo grown plants, both naturally and under controlled environmental conditions, showed high sensitivity to the surface disinfection treatment and poor survival in in vitro culture. In vitro grown seedlings proved successful as aseptic source of apical and basal shoot explants to establish contamination-free in vitro cultures. Sprouting of axillary buds was observed on 90% of apical shoot explants after four week

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Koppenaal, R. S., and S. J. Colombo. "Heat tolerance of actively growing, bud-initiated, and dormant black spruce seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 9 (1988): 1103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-169.

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To determine the effect of stage of bud development on heat tolerance, overwintered black spruce seedlings (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were (i) maintained in a dormant state, (ii) allowed to grow new shoots under favorable greenhouse conditions, or (iii) induced to initiate bud scales using short-photoperiod treatment following a period of new shoot elongation. Seedlings of the three shoot types were then exposed for 10 min to temperatures of 25, 42, 45, 50, or 55 °C in an environmental test chamber. Damage to the current-year shoot was lower in bud-initiated seedlings than in active seedlin

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Clarke, Austin. "Don't Shoot, Don't Shoot!" Callaloo 29, no. 2 (2006): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2006.0094.

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Kitaoka, Satoshi, Qu Laiye, Yoko Watanabe, Makoto Watanabe, Toshihiro Watanabe, and Takayoshi Koike. "Heterophyllous Shoots of Japanese Larch Trees: The Seasonal and Yearly Variation in CO2 Assimilation Capacity of the Canopy Top with Changing Environment." Plants 9, no. 10 (2020): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101278.

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Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi = L. leptolepis) is often characterized by its high growth rate with heterophyllous shoots, but the functional differences of heterophyllous shoots still remain unclear. Recently, abrupt high temperature and drought during spring induced high photosynthetic rate via change in leaf morphology of the deciduous habit. In order to reveal the photosynthetic characteristics of both short and long-shoot needles of sunny canopy of the larch trees using a canopy tower, we calculated the seasonal change of gas exchange characters and leaf mass per area (LMA) and foliar ni

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34

O.G., Gyrenko. "Peculiarities of morphological structure of elementary shoot and shoot system of some species of the genera Coelogyne Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.)." Plant Introduction 79 (September 1, 2018): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2278126.

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<strong>Objective</strong> – to investigate morphological peculiarities of elementary shoot of three species of the genera <em>Coelogyne </em>Lindl. (<em>C. ovalis</em> Lindl., <em>C. speciosa</em> (Blume) Lindl., <em>C. cristata</em> Lindl.). <strong>Material and methods.</strong> The raw material derived from living plant collection of M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. The study of vegetative and reproductive organs was performed by dissection and study of buds and shoots using “STEMI 2000C”. To characterize vegetative and generative organs used

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Darby, Ian D., Shahla Hosseini Bai, Helen M. Wallace, and Stephen J. Trueman. "Micropropagation of the therapeutic-honey plants Leptospermum polygalifolium and L. scoparium (Myrtaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 69, no. 5 (2021): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt21047.

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Demand for therapeutic honey is driving establishment of Leptospermum plantations. This study developed micropropagation methods for two species – Leptospermum polygalifolium Salisb. and L. scoparium J.R.Forst. &amp; G.Forst. The study determined how shoot proliferation and adventitious rooting were influenced by the original explant position on the seedling and the concentration of benzyladenine (BA) in the proliferation medium. Hormone-free node culture was highly effective for both species. Nodal explants often formed roots in the absence of BA and developed elongated axillary shoots. M

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Zając, Tadeusz, Halina Góral, Robert Witkowski, and Ludwik Spiss. "Morphological traits and yield of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) genotypes with varying inflorescence length." Acta Agrobotanica 55, no. 2 (2013): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2002.047.

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Two red clover breeding strains with elongated flower heads, developed by one of the authors (H.Góral), were studied for forage and seed yield and compared to the standard cultivar 'Nike'. In addition, six morphological shoot traits were measured and their interrelations were computed. The leaf area index (LAI) of successive cuts in two harvest years was determined on the basis of shoot density and leaf area of individual shoots. All three genotypes exhibited a high leaf area on shoots and a very high forage productivity. Among the morphological traits only shoot height could be a good selecti

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Arnott, J. T., S. C. Grossnickle, P. Puttonen, A. K. Mitchell, and R. S. Folk. "Influence of nursery culture on growth, cold hardiness, and drought resistance of yellow cypress." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 12 (1993): 2537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-314.

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The influence of short-day (9 h) and long-day photoperiods (18 h), and three levels of plant moisture stress (none and dried to predawn shoot water potentials of −1.0 or −1.8 MPa), applied for 7 weeks beginning in mid-July 1990, were studied on greenhouse-grown stecklings (rooted cuttings) of yellow cypress (Chamaecyparisnootkatensis (D. Don) Spach). A series of morphological and physiological measurements were made on the stecklings during and after the treatment period. Moisture stress significantly reduced steckling shoot growth and shoot dry weight by lowering net photosynthesis rates, whi

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Neugebauer, Konrad, Martin R. Broadley, Hamed A. El-Serehy, et al. "Sodium hyperaccumulators in the Caryophyllales are characterized by both abnormally large shoot sodium concentrations and [Na]shoot/[Na]root quotients greater than unity." Annals of Botany 129, no. 1 (2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab126.

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Abstract Background and Aims Some Caryophyllales species accumulate abnormally large shoot sodium (Na) concentrations in non-saline environments. It is not known whether this is a consequence of altered Na partitioning between roots and shoots. This paper tests the hypotheses (1) that Na concentrations in shoots ([Na]shoot) and in roots ([Na]root) are positively correlated among Caryophyllales, and (2) that shoot Na hyperaccumulation is correlated with [Na]shoot/[Na]root quotients. Methods Fifty two genotypes, representing 45 Caryophyllales species and 4 species from other angiosperm orders, w

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Sabatier, Sylvie, Daniel Barthélémy, Isabelle Ducousso, and Éric Germain. "Modalités d'allongement et morphologie des pousses annuelles chez le noyer commun, Juglans regia L. 'Lara' (Juglandaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 7 (1998): 1253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-055.

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Shoot extension during a growth season has been investigated in three morphological types of floriferous annual shoots (monocyclic with or without a small axis with immediate development and bicyclic) on four types of parental branches within 4-year-old Juglans regia L. 'Lara' growing in the south-west of France. The morphological type of parental branches has an influence on the time of inception of monocyclic shoot extension. No correlation has been found between the parental shoot length and monocyclic shoot length, while a positive correlation has been found between parental shoot length a

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Konovalova, Irina, and Natalya Savinykh. "Biomorphs Solanum dulcamara L. and their contribution in seasonal climate grasses origin." BIO Web of Conferences 24 (2020): 00039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202400039.

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The paper demonstrates S. dulcamara ecobiomorphs: a long rhizome semi-woody liana (LSL), a long rhizome subshrub with ascending shoots (LSAS), a root sucker subshrub and a shortlived plants of vegetative origin; and ontobiomorphs: a taproot upright subshrub (TUS), a subshrub with a mixed root system (SMRS), LSL, and LSAS. Possible stages and modes are suggested of Solanum biomorph transformation: 1. TUS, as a result of prolongation on the shoot (adventitious roots) and shoot system level (two or more replacement shoots), deviations on individual plant level (shoot lodging), transforms into SMR

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Billings, Sharon G., Chee K. Chin, and Gojko Jelenkovic. "Regeneration of Blueberry Plantlets from Leaf Segments." HortScience 23, no. 4 (1988): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.4.763.

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Abstract A procedure to regenerate shoots in vitro from leaf sections of two blueberry genotypes, ‘Berkeley’ and ‘Bluehaven’, in Woody Plant Medium was established. The effect of 20 combinations of growth regulators: NAA at 0, 1, 2, and 4 µM and 2iP at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 µM were compared. Combinations containing NAA generally promoted callus formation and suppressed shoot regeneration. Conversely, media containing cytokinin promoted shoot regeneration and suppressed callus formations. The optimal medium for shoot regeneration contained 15 µM 2iP but no NAA. This procedure was highly efficien

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Criley*, Richard A. "Seasonal Flowering of Heliconia ×rauliniana." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 882C—882. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.882c.

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As part of a research study on growth and flower production of 20 commercial heliconia cultivars, plants were established at the Waimanalo Research Farm (Oahu) of the Univ. of Hawaii in July 1999. This report focuses on Heliconia ×rauliniana. Five plants in 7.6 L pots were planted at spacings of 2.5 M in row, with between row spacings of 3 M. Beginning a month later, newly emerged shoots were tagged every four weeks. At flowering, the shoots were harvested and leaf counts made. The information derived from the data include time frame from shoot emergence to flower, rate of shoot production, pe

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Gross, Paula M., and Stephen C. Myers. "067 SHOOT ORIENTATION AFFECTS PEACH SHOOT AND FRUIT GROWTH." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 437e—437. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.437e.

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One-year old fruiting shoots averaging 50 cm in length were tagged according to naturally-occurring orientations ranging from vertical to horizontal throughout the canopies of dormant `Encore' peach (Prunus persica L Batsch) trees. Following fruit set, tagged shoots were thinned to two or three fruit per shoot. Fruit diameter, terminal shoot extension, and shoot orientation were measured at intervals throughout the season. Fruit were harvested at uniform maturity based on ground color for assessment of fresh weight, diameter, percent red blush, and red color intensity. A linear relationship (p

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Liu, Huihui, Cheng Zhang, Yanqiong Meng, et al. "Hydraulic and Economical Traits in Short- and Long-Shoot Leaves of Ginkgo biloba Males and Females." Forests 14, no. 3 (2023): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14030535.

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Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious heterophyllous tree species with two leaf types. Short shoots always bear many leaves, which are undivided or slightly bilobed, but long-shoot leaves are smaller and are deeply divided into two or more lobes. To clarify the functional difference between the two leaf types, we investigated the morphology, anatomy, gas exchange, and hydraulic traits of the two leaf types in male and female trees. Our results showed that long-shoot leaves possessed a lower specific leaf area (SLA), higher leaf thickness, gas exchange rates, and average tracheid number than short-shoot

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Skupchenko, V. B. "Changes in the Shoot Apical Meristem with Decrease in Illumination within the Crown of <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> (Pinaceae) Introduced in St. Petersburg." Растительные ресурсы 59, no. 4 (2023): 378–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0033994623040118.

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Abstract—In Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco introduced in St. Petersburg, the changes in the apical meristem morphogenesis during the formation of a short bud shoot with covering scales and meristematic primordium of shoot with needles, under the decrease in illumination within the crown were studied. Terminal 1–4-year-old shoots of the third-order branches in the lower part of the crown with a relative light availability (RLA) in the range of 23.9–18.3% perform full annual cycle of morphogenesis of the shoot apical meristem. Before each stage of morphogenesis, the apical meristem performs

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Al-Drisi, Emad E., Majid A. Ibrahim, and Abbas M. Jasim. "Impact of Different Sucrose Concentrations on Shoot Multiplication of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Cultured in vitro." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 35, no. 2 (2022): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.2.17.

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Papaya is a heterozygous plant commonly cultivated by seed but, unfortunately, they are not true to type. Moreover, the hybrid seed varieties like the Red Lady are very highly expensive. Hence, tissue culture techniques offer an alternative method to produce a million clones within a short period and a reasonable price. Thus, the current study aimed to optimize the shoot multiplication rate of papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. Red Lady) in vitro. Five concentrations of sucrose (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g.L-1) were applied for the papaya shoot proliferation. Results demonstrated that the 30 g.L-1 sucr

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Crabbe, Jacques J. "Episodic Growth and Shoot Differentiation in Apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.)." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 603b—603. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.603b.

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The flushing behavior of shoot growth and its consequences on shoot differentiation are important features in fruit tree development, with regard to flowering ability. In this respect, two different approaches were applied to young `M26' apple trees. First, poorly branched 2-year-old trees were headed back, either in the second-year or in the first-year wood, at different times from right before to 6 weeks after budbreak. Early pruning resulted in rapid and prolonged regrowth, with a final very similar shaping of the tree to that of the intact controls. Late pruning, in contrast, leads to a tw

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Johnson, R. S., and A. N. Lakso. "Carbon Balance Model of a Growing Apple Shoot: II. Simulated Effects of Light and Temperature on Long and Short Shoots." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, no. 2 (1986): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.111.2.164.

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Abstract A computer model of a growing apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) shoot was used to estimate the effects of light and temperature on the C balance of a shoot. Long-term average solar radiation (langley/day) and maximum and minimum temperatures from Geneva, N.Y., were used as weather inputs. To simulate other weather conditions, solar radiation was increased or decreased by 150 langley/day, and maximum and minimum temperatures increased or decreased by 5.6°C. Both a short shoot of 2 cm and a long shoot of 50 cm final length were simulated. The model output indicated that increased light red

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Rybczyński, Jan J., Marta Karolkowska, Zygmunt Kaczmarek, Anna Mikuła, and Agnieszka Fiuk. "In vitro morphogenic events in culture of Lotus corniculatus L. seedling root explants." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 75, no. 3 (2011): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2006.022.

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The experiments were carried out on <em>Lotus corniculatus</em> (L.) seedling root explants of the cultivar varieties Skrzeszowicka, Caroll A10 and strain 175. Callus formation and shoot regeneration were the major explant response depended mainly on of the studied genotype and used plant growth regulators (PGRs). Primary cortex of proximal and distal end of explant was the most active tissue for callus proliferation. For shoot primordia differentiation deeper zones of cortex took a part. The process of meristematic centre initiation was not uniform and various level of shoot diffe

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Dahniya, M. T., S. K. Hahn, and C. O. Oputa. "Effect of Shoot Removal on Shoot and Root Yields of Sweet Potato." Experimental Agriculture 21, no. 2 (1985): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700012461.

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SUMMARYExperiments on harvesting sweet potato as a green vegetable and as a root crop are described. Whole shoots yielded 62% more than shoot tips. Similar total shoot yields were harvested whether tip removal was at two, three or four week intervals. Root yield was decreased by 31 to 48% by removing shoot tips, while removing whole shoots led to root yield decreases of 48 to 62%. Harvesting shoots at two week intervals gave 72% reduction in root yield, compared with 50% with four week intervals. There were fewer and smaller tubers as the frequency of shoot harvests increased. There were varie

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