Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Small key size”

In den Jahren 2005 bis 2010 erfolgte im Rahmen der Erarbeitung der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift eine ökologische Untersuchung der Chironomidenfauna in der Talsperre Saidenbach (Sachsen, Erzgebirge). Drei Arten mit hoher Abundanz konnten bei der umfassenden Artenanalyse im Jahr 2005 ermittelt werden: Procladius crassinervis, P. choreus und Chironomus anthracinus. Zusätzlich wurde die Art C. plumosus aufgrund ihrer engen Verwandtschaft zu C. anthracinus in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Arbeit ist auf vier Schwerpunkte fokussiert, wobei die Larven und Puppen der vier Arten analysiert wurden. (1) Die Erarbeitung einer zuverlässigen Methode zur Unterscheidung der Larven der beiden eng verwandten Procladius-Arten basierend auf morphologischen Kriterien (Imaginalscheiden-entwicklung, Kopfkapselgröße und Körperlänge) sowie die Tiefenverteilung der Puppen waren eine Vorbedingung für weiterführende Analysen des Lebenszyklus (LZ) dieser beiden Arten. (2) Die Untersuchung des LZ war der zweite Schwerpunkt. Der LZ wurde stark von abiotischen Faktoren wie Temperatur, Sauerstoff und Biovolumen des Phytoplanktons kontrolliert. (3) Die raum-zeitlichen Verteilungsmuster der vier Arten wurden zunächst bezüglich großräumiger Unterschiede über einen Tiefengradienten innerhalb eines Transektes analysiert. Hierbei zeigte sich bei allen vier Arten eine zeitliche Änderung im jeweiligen Hauptverbreitungsgebiet. Die jungen Larven von C. anthracinus, C. plumosus und P. choreus wanderten im Verlauf ihrer Entwicklung bis zur Verpuppung in flachere Bereiche, P. crassinervis wanderte in tiefere Bereiche. Die Analyse der Verteilungsunterschiede der Larven zwischen zwei verschieden stark eutrophierten Buchten ergab höhere Dichten der beiden Chironomus-Arten in der Bucht mit dem größeren Zulauf und der höheren Phytoplanktonkonzentration im Vergleich mit den anderen Arten. Eine Analyse des kleinräumigen Verteilungsmusters fokussierte auf der Frage, ob die Larven gleichmäßig verteilt oder aggregiert auftraten. Die Untersuchung des vertikalen Verteilungsmusters erforschte das Schwimmverhalten der Larven. (4) Der letzte Aspekt war eine experimentelle Untersuchung, die am Beispiel von C. anthracinus durchgeführt wurde mit dem Ziel, den Proximatfaktor für die beobachtete Wanderung der Larven zu ermitteln, der letztendlich die Temperatur war. Puppen bevorzugten im Experiment wärmere Temperaturen und junge Larven kühlere Temperaturen. Die fünfjährige Untersuchung der Chironomiden in der Talsperre Saidenbach beschreibt insgesamt die komplexe Verhaltensreaktion der Chironomiden, die einen wesentlichen Teil der benthischen Lebensgemeinschaft darstellen, bezüglich der Lebenszyklusmuster (Voltinismus, Verpuppung), der Abundanzänderungen (inner- und zwischenjährlich) sowie der groß- und kleinräumigen Verteilung unter der Einwirkung der wichtigsten Umweltfaktoren<br>In the context of the present dissertation an ecological study was performed about chironomids in Saidenbach Reservoir in the Saxony Ore Mountains, Germany during the five years from 2005 to 2010. A preliminary overall species analysis in 2005 showed that three species were most abundant: Procladius crassinervis, P. choreus and Chironomus anthracinus. Additionally, the species C. plumosus was examined because of its close relationship to C. anthracinus. The study is focussed on four subjects, whereby larvae and pupae of the four species were analysed. (1) The elaboration of a reliable method to distinguish the larvae of the two closely related species P. crassinervis and P. choreus on the basis of morphological criteria (imaginal disc development, larval head capsule size and body length) as well as the depth distribution of their pupae was a precondition to the profound analysis of their life cycles. (2) The investigation of the life cycle pattern of the four species was the second focus. The life cycle of the four species was found to be strongly influenced by abiotic conditions such as temperature, oxygen and biovolume of the phytoplankton. (3) The spatial and temporal distribution pattern of the four species was analysed in view of large scale differences over a depth gradient in one transect. Here, in all four species a shift in the mainly settled lake bottom area occurred. The young larvae of C. anthracinus, C. plumosus and P. choreus migrated during maturing and pupation towards shallower areas; P. crassinervis migrated to deeper areas. The distribution differences between two different bays showed that the two Chironomus species had higher densities in the bay with the higher inflow which resulted in a higher phytoplankton standing stock compared to the other species. A small scale distribution pattern analysis focussed on finding out whether the larvae were aggregated or randomly distributed. The vertical distribution analysis examined the swimming behaviour of the larvae. (4) The last aspect was an experimental setup exemplarily driven with C. anthracinus which showed that the migration was stimulated by the proximate factor temperature as pupae preferred warmer temperatures and young larvae colder temperatures. Altogether, the five year study about chironomids in Saidenbach Reservoir pointed out the complex reaction in the behaviour of an important part of the benthic community concerning the life cycle pattern (voltinism, pupation pattern), the changing in abundances (inter-annual and intra-annual) and the large scale and small scale distribution pattern under the rule of the most important environmental factors

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia, particularly In the information and communications technology (lCT) sector, are faced with an increasingly volatile environment. The Malaysian business scene has opened up their markets to the world where smaller businesses find themselves competing with newly launched multinational subsidiary and subdivision companies, along with the large local firms. The Malaysian Government has launched several campaigns and support for smaller local businesses to be more competitive and to continuously compete at par with these larger companies. This research project supports the Malaysian Government's objective of instilling a more structured approach towards a more competitive SME by focusing on the management of competitive information related to these companies. In recognising the rising need for competitive support, management and executives are increasingly relying on a concept called Competitive Intelligence (Cl), a systematic and ethical process for gathering, analysing, and managing information that can affect a company's plans, decisions, and operation. In managing competitive information, several companies have emerged especially to develop online tools and software that would enhance the Cl process and the value competitive intelligence brings to organisations. The success of these Cl software tools depends, however, on the sophistication of an organisation's understanding of the Cl process and scope of usage. Different companies derive different values from different approaches to competitive intelligence, and therefore require a flexible tool that is very specific to the company's needs. Therefore, this research investigated the structures and contexts of Malaysian Small and Mediumsized Enterprises (SMEs) based on competitive intelligence (Cl) concepts to derive a more customised approach to the use of Cl for SMEs in the ICT sector, as well as in the selection of appropriate Cl software. Mintzberg's approaches to analysing organisational structures and contexts, Bouthillier and Shearer's Intelligence Cycle, Herring's Key Intelligence Topics, and Davis' concept of effectiveness were used in two main stages. The first stage involved identifying the nature and range of SMEs, which exist under Malaysia's Multimedia Super Corridor, a government benchmarking body for local businesses. This gives an account, on the basis of cluster analysis, of a taxonomy of SME categories consisted of ten clusters. The relationships between the categories were also examined in the first stage of the research. The relationships and clusters found in the first part of the research offered the basis for the second part of the research, which constructs the criteria for evaluating online tools and software for competitive intelligence. The evaluation criteria are then used to evaluate eight Cl-ready software packages in finding suitable tools for the different categories of SMEs. Finally, the research concludes with a study of the prospective users' perceptions of effectiveness in SMEs drawn from the identified clusters. This 'multiple constituency' approach to understanding effectiveness evaluates both Davis' concept of effectiveness (usefulness), as well as the differential evaluations of perceived effectiveness. The research findings provide evidence of a range of SME structures in a variety of contexts. Levels of importance placed on different levels in the Cl process are identified, as well as aspects that need support, automation and/or augmentation. The software evaluation in the second part of the research provided ten recommendations of suitable software package(s) for each SME cluster. However, an initial review by SME managers of perceived effectiveness mostly did not reveal results that were parallel to the findings from the software evaluation study. All in all, the research confirms that SMEs can be analysed by clusters but further research would be necessary to confirm the effectiveness of using the recommended Cl software over a longer period of time.

A lot of research has been done concerning the internationalization process of companies. However, researchers have identified a new type of firm that is leapfrogging and is operating internationally right after inception. These companies are Born Globals. We are interested in this trend and the purpose of this research is to understand the strategic behaviour of Born Globals. Therefore, we have done qualitative research on these companies and we will focus on their pre-internationalization steps, their key drivers and their relation to the home market. We have found three case companies, who have helped us in our understandings and we have made several conclusions, regarding their strategic behaviour.

Nytt AB is a startup focusing on simplifying the concept of smart manufacturing to small and medium-sized companies providing an add-on machine monitoring solution for data analyzing. The product is currently under development with the final product soon to be launched. In the next phase of Nytt AB, a marketing plan has to be strategized. This thesis, which is built on previous Nytt AB’s work, focuses on addressing issues that will be important when creating a marketing and sales strategy. The customer is put as the focal point and the customer values analyzed including discussions on productivity improvements within the machines and how to standardize the changes to satisfy every customer. Using research questions as a base for the study, the customer values were analyzed by first understanding the main threats, weaknesses, strengths, and opportunities for the product and then analyzing data from an installed prototype and the improvements that can be achieved based on the data. The customers can, by using the product get statistical facts about their machines which can be the first step to understand the need for changes within their company. With future development, further customer values will appear, such as providing aid on how to improve KPIs such as availability. Providing this information to the customers will help them obtain a better insight into the field of smart manufacturing, the manufacturing of the future.<br>Nytt AB är ett nystartat företag som fokuserar på att förenkla konceptet smart tillverkning för små och medelstora företag och erbjuder en maskinövervakningslösning för dataanalys. Produkten är just nu under utveckling, slutprodukten planeras lanseras snart. Nästa steg för Nytt AB är att strukturera en marknadsplan. Detta examensarbete, som bygger på tidigare arbete i Nytt AB, fokuserar på frågor som kommer att vara viktiga när man skapar en marknadsförings- och försäljningsstrategi. Kunden blir i fokus när kundvärdena är analyserade inklusive i diskussioner om produktivitetsförbättringar för maskiner och hur man standardiserar förändringarna för att uppfylla kundens krav. Med hjälp av forskningsfrågor, analyseras kundvärdena genom att först förstå de viktigaste hoten, svagheterna, styrkorna och möjligheterna för produkten och sedan analyseras data från prototypen och de förbättringar som kan uppnås baserat på given data. Kunderna kan genom att använda produkten få statistik om sina maskiner vilket kan vara första steget att inse behovet av förändringar inom kundföretaget. Vid utveckling kommer ytterligare kundvärden att dyka upp, till exempel metoder på hur man förbättrar olika nyckeltal, såsom tillgänglighet. Att ge denna information till kunderna hjälper dem att få en bättre inblick i smart tillverkning, framtidens tillverkning.

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the value-added forest products sector play an important role, both socially and economically, in forest dependent communities across Canada, yet the long-touted potential of the sector has not been attained. An assessment of the success factors as well as the barriers to success for SMEs operating in the value-added forest products sector is a key step in ensuring that firms operating in the sector, as well as policy makers at various levels of government are better informed. This will allow the firms in the sector to leverage their strengths and address their weaknesses in order to have a strong contingent of successful value-added forest product SMEs vital to sustaining community wealth. The study is conducted through an in-depth examination of four SMEs in the value-added wood products sector in British Columbia. The four cases represent different types of businesses with varying levels of performance. The results of the study indicate that management skills, access to skilled labour, access to fibre supply, and access to financial capital are fundamental success factors. The entrepreneurs and industry experts involved in the study suggest that for British Columbia’s value-added forest products sector to prosper, the development of management skills and skilled labour requires greater attention. Consequently, increases in the level of investment in skilled labour training and management skill development options that are easily accessible to entrepreneurs in rural communities, in conjunction with the provision of timber at a scale and means that is more suited to small and medium-sized value-added firms were suggested as means to reduce barriers to success faced by SMEs in the value-added sector.

Predmet istraživanja ovog rada je ambijent ekonomije znanja iposlovanje malih i srednjih preduzeća u tom ambijentu. Problemistraživanja je analiza faktora koji utiču na uspešnost malih isrednjih preduzeća. Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrde ključni faktoriuspešnosti malih i srednjih preduzeća u Srbiji kako bi sedefinisale mere za povećanje konkurentnosti ovog sektora i razviomodel upravljanja malim i srednjim preduzećima u ekonomiji znanja nabazi ključnih faktora uspešnosti. Vrednost dobijenih rezultataproističe iz cilja istraživanja u okviru ove disertacije, koji u širemsmislu podrazumeva pružanje informacija naučnoj i stručnoj javnostikoje mogu doprineti daljem razvoju sektora MSP i boljem upravljanjuna bazi ključnih faktora uspešnosti.<br>The subject of this work is the environment of the knowledge economy andthe business of small and medium enterprises in this environment. Theproblem of this research is to analyze the factors affecting the performanceof small and medium-sized enterprises. The aim of the research is to identifythe key success factors of small and medium-sized enterprises in Serbia inorder to define measures to increase the competitiveness of the sector anddeveloped a model of management of small and medium enterprises in theknowledge economy based on the key factors of success. The value of theresults of this study arises from the research objectives within the frameworkof this thesis, which in a broader sense means providing information to thescientific and professional community that can contribute to the furtherdevelopment of the SME sector and better management of SMEs on thebasis of the key success factors

The thesis is focused at the measurement of the benefit of modern technologies in relation to sustainable development for companies that are implementing the so-called Key Enabling Technologies, into their production processes. The multidisciplinarity of these technologies and their huge impact on societal and environmental challenges of the current society are the reason, why the companies implementing these technologies have to be assessed differently, more comprehensively. It is also proven within the detailed literature review. The aim of the thesis is to develop evaluation model of the benefit of modern technologies in manufacturing companies that reflects the aspects of the sustainable development. For this purpose, the relevant performance indicators have to be developed. The various statistical methods are applied, especially the structural equation modelling, in order to achieve the goal of the thesis. Finally, the pilot testing of the optimized model is realized on the specific company.

Quality security of sensitive data and key assets becomes now a question of absolute necessity for a company of any size and orientation. History of evolution of information security began particularly in environment of large organizations, that processed a large amount of data. It is logical that it was larger and richer companies which often have sufficient resources to invest in the security of their assets. Moreover, relatively large percentage of small and medium-sized businesses have about the security of its information somehow faulty ideas. More and more attackers are focusing on mid-sized organizations, which are insufficiently protected and they find it much easier to get to their sensitive data. Small and medium-sized companies are often preventing the implementation of certified standards. The reason is the fear of heavy formal administration, which is often required for certification, but is mainly for small businesses unnecessary and burdensome. For medium-sized organizations (50-250 employees), the certain administration associated with information security is a necessity. Employees, as in small businesses, are familiar with each other, but already there is a certain degree of anonymity, which may trigger the fact that some employees will not respect security procedures, especially if they are not precisely defined, and compliance will not be regularly checked. It depends on several circumstances, whether the certification is appropriate for the organization or the establishment of their internal methodology for information security. Methodology of balanced information security, which is the subject of this article is primarily proposed for small and medium-sized businesses. Its aim is to define the most important and absolutely necessary criteria for information security so that the system meets the requirements of a comprehensive solution of the issue. On the other hand, it seeks how to minimize the administrative burden for these organizations, which is, as mentioned above, one of the main reasons, why companies hold a negative attitude to the most widespread certifications. The methodology identifies four main areas of information security management system in a company. It includes an audit which specifies the quality level of particular areas of information security in the organization. If any of the studied areas is found insufficiently protected, effecitve measures are offered to improve the situation. The ultimate solution is a condition of a system where all the key areas of information security management of the organization are at the appropriate level and the system can be considered balanced.

碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>企業管理系碩士班<br>96<br>Abstract In the 21st century of global competition, businesses in Taiwan are facing stiff competitions and pressures resulted from the globalization of China economy, the rise of the BRIC, and the eastern European countries and ASEAN gradually becoming developed countries. Taiwan has about 97% of the businesses which currently categorized as small to medium size companies with minimal funding and human resources support; therefore, at the moment, it is both urgent and utmost important to transform these small to medium size companies from their OEM operations into branded businesses for enhancing Taiwan businesses’ overall global competitiveness. Through in depth interviews and secondary data analysis with five Taiwan companies who had already successfully established their brand names, this research had introduced main influencing factors and periodical strategic focuses in the process of building up brand name. The major research conclusions were as followed: 1. During the stage of initial introduction: business lifecycle and the level of competitiveness are among the first external environment factors to consider for establishing brand name; other crucial factor in brand building is that companies must have fine product qualities, production technology, and human resources. 2. During the growth stage: Channel establishments and branding strategy has direct impact on the expansion of brand name awareness; continuous investment on innovation works can extend consumers’ brand loyalty; global production positioning can further enhance capabilities for brand support. 3. During the maturity stage: the benefit of integrating external and internal business functions can create long term brand competition edges; brand image and corporate citizenship can generate bonding with consumers and sustain lasting brand growth. This research had proposed three suggestions for small to medium size companies who want to engage in the branding business: 1.Strategic consideration: to avoid disadvantages like scarce financial resources and look for advantages like production technology; chances are companies can successfully establish brand names. 2.Market selection: minimize confrontations with existing name brands during the initial introduction and promote chances of success. 3.Innovation investments: subject companies had huge investments in research and development; it is essential to brand management. Keywords: small to medium size companies, brand building, brand history, key factor, marketing

碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>經營管理碩士在職專班<br>98<br>In the era of pluralism of information, the displaying device is no longer like the traditional one that only provides the display function, and in stead, it becomes a two-way interface between the human and computer. Currently, the primary task in Taiwan’s electric industry is to use the existing advantages and carry out the tactics among relevant industries, and then create the next peak of growing waves. This constructs the purpose of this study. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the case of iPhone that creates the marketing development of applications of “multi-point touch”. Holak (1988) depicts that a customer must evaluate a new product by simultaneously considering the product character and the customer preference; therefore, the topic of “Key Successful Factors for Multi-touch in Small & Mid-size TFT-LCD” is chose in this study. This study evaluates the key successful factors for multi-touch in small and mid-size TFT-LCD from three aspects of “perceived product attributes”, “consumer traits” and “environmental variables”. Besides, by reviewing literatures and interviewing experts from the consumers of electronic products, the final 12 key successful factors are defined. Furthermore, the separate survey and questionnaire of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are progressing with different experts and academic scholars. Finally, the conclusion, suggestion and future relative studies are made in this study. This study adapts the model presented by Holak in 1988, which includes the “perceived product attributes”, “consumer traits” and “environmental variables” as the three target dimensions. The 12 sub-criteria of evaluations are as follows, microelectronics technology, multi-touch technology, intuitive interface, patent protection, Apple Inc. brand value, the impact of media, Apple Inc.&apos;&apos;s family success, fashion trends, WINDOWS 7 effects, market adoption of mobile communications, popularity of flat panel displays, and emergence of internet. This study finds that the relative importance orders of target dimensions are consumer traits, perceived product attributes, and environmental variables. This study finds that “consumer traits” is the main focus for multi-touch in small and mid-size TFT-LCD, and “Apple Inc.’s family success” and “Apple Inc. Brand value” are ranked the first place and the second place respectively in the sub-criteria of evaluations. Finally, this study concludes that the trend of future goods of relevant industries or developing focus of the market must move towards and meet consumers’ demands, and the experiences with brands strongly affect consumers’ purchase intentions.

碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>企業管理學系<br>93<br>In order to cope with the fiercely competitive market in this fast-changing era, many enterprises hope to promote the cooperation and interaction between each different department within enterprises through the assistance of information technology, and then utilize the most efficient operation model to achieve their profit objectives so as to bring the general effect of cross-field collaboration into play. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), therefore, is the product under the fierce competition. ERP can assist the enterprises in integrating internal information and external fast service to effectively cut down costs and expenses for enterprises in manpower, material resources, production, and overheads. Small-medium size enterprises (SMEs) account for the majority in Taiwan economic structure, which possess rather limited resources. Under this restraint, enterprises usually have to take resources allocation into very serious consideration before taking any moves, especially on the process of implementing ERP system because the outcome of ERP is very critical for whether the enterprises can continue the long-term business. The primary objective of this research, therefore, is to find out the key success factor of ERP implementation for SMEs and use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to compare and measure the weight between each factor. The result will be utilized as the reference for information investment policies when SME is implementing ERP system. First of all, this research digs out more distinguished influential factors from literature overviews and exerts’ interviews, and use AHP to design the expert questionnaire. Then invite system providers (consultants) and the representatives who have experiences in ERP implementation from the enterprises to judge the weights of influential factors. This research employs Expert Choice2000 software to analyze the questionnaire. The research finds out that for SMEs, the professional capability of system provider (consultant) is more important than enterprise itself or ERP system. The result coincides with the theory in the research report proposed by Thong(1996), indicating that external information expert plays the most important role in information process for small-scale companies. In addition, according to the research data, the weight rankings for the key success factor of ERP implementation are: Objective communication and problem-solving ability, Effective and sound training and post-installation consultation, Practical planning and implementation ability, Top-down support and commitment, User’s satisfaction on information, System integration and expansion flexibility, Project team capability, Users’ participation for reducing organizational resistance, System implementation cost, and Corporate vision and objectives.

碩士<br>國立東華大學<br>企業管理學系<br>100<br>This research attempts to conclude from the key success factors (KSF) of small and medium-sized international tourist hotels, and selects one representative international tourist hotels hotel from northern, middle, southern and eastern Taiwan respectively. The chosen hotels serve for the case study of the research, which analyzes the KSFs of their success. After the researcher interviews experts, the research prioritizes the KSFs in the following order with the agreement of experts: 1. customer-oriented service, 2. characteristic hardware equipment, 3. Financial integrity, 4. environmental surroundings, 5. talent group, 6. corporate image, 7. outside opportunity, 8. product promotion, 9. leader. The result of the research indicates that small and medium-sized international tourist hotels in Taiwan place great emphasis on Brand image, business philosophy, market segmentation, hardware features and geographical landscape. Hotel managers are suggested to shift the focus to customer-oriented service ,product promotion, talent group and outside opportunity. By doing so, the hotel is differentiated from other competitors, will find its edges against other hotels, and will achieve in sustainable management in the end.

碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>資訊管理系<br>94<br>Information System Outsourcing is to outsource an organization’s partial or whole information system functions to an outside information service contactor in order to get the information service system it needs. Due to small and medium-sized enterprises’’ limited resource, usually they use outsourcing as a way to quickly obtain the information system functions needed to maintain their business operations, and hope to improve their business performance and competitiveness. In the implementation process of outsourcing information system, although small and medium-sized enterprises do not need to invest all resources, they need to have relevant responsible people to put in efforts in order to make the outsourcing project successful. This research, from the practical viewpoints, is dividing small and medium-sized business information system outsourcing business into two stages: Development and Operation. Key Successful Factors are also being studied in details to see how KSF affect the results and performance of the outsourcing projects. Small and medium-sized enterprises outsource their information system in the hope of obtaining best business benefits through outsourcing. However, not all the outsourcing projects achieved expected goals. Further, there’re many different risks in the outsourcing process. Therefore, it’s very essential to understand the KSF of information system outsourcing to lower the outsourcing risks, increase the outsourcing successful rate, and make information system outsourcing the best tool of achieving business goals.

碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>管理學院工業工程與管理EMBA專班<br>106<br>After more than 40 years’ development, the small-and-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan are under the generational alternation, it’s facing the first wave of the key moment of second generation succession. However, the background gap and expertise differences between the two generations, constantly testing each other, but also highlighted the succession plight of SMEs in Taiwan. SMEs have always been the key business model in Taiwan, at the moment of inheritance, pass the torch is only the beginning of the succession plan, who should be chosen? What are the necessary capabilities? How to train? Normally, most of the enterprises will follow the path of "coach, assist and monitor for each 3 years" as a steady model. From "Family-owned Enterprise" to "Enterprise Family", is the inevitable trend of Taiwan SMEs’ sustainable development; The success or failure of the succession of the second generation, will be the key factors of survival or perish of the enterprises. Thus, the successor training plan is top urgent！ This paper uses the expert questionnaire and interview method, through the literature discussion to induce, summarize and analyze and the key success factors of the succession of SMEs in Taiwan.

碩士<br>中華大學<br>企業管理學系<br>106<br>To catch up the digital trend in the twenty-first century, making information available and enhancing decision-making capacity in small and medium-sized enterprises are very important for us. In order to improve economic performance of limited resources, it is bound to strengthen the use of tools, such as using ERP software, which can be used to do integration with data. As a result of many kinds of commercial software, small business owners need to be prudent in accordance with what they need. This study was conducted to investigate the critical factors for small and medium-sized enterprises manufacturing in choosing good ERP software. Advanced, we used “DEMATEL” to analysis data. Next, from previous studies, we pick up 11 important factors. At last but not least, the experts help us to rank the importance of them. This study revealed that a good ERP software need the “strength of software", "Software Compatibility", "Stability”, “Software scalability", "Company main aspirations", "Consultant expertise and practical experience." such that the outcome is a critical factor in the core and is related to each other but it may be affected by other factors. While the procurement budget", "consultants" , “the service costs after sales", "Reputation", "Service Center" are the factor that causes. In conclusion, when choosing the ERP software, business owner need to list the company's needs and budget at first. Second, good reputation is indispensable. Interviewing with vendor or supplier can help you understand their professional knowledge and practical experience. A strong vendor can help you well when you meet the problems. Third, discussing the details and cost also play important roles when you decide to have the contact with them. Finally, the most importantly, employees are supposed to be trained. With good training and guideline, staffs can control the processing and revised their behaviors so that they can enhance the enterprise ' s competitiveness.

碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>管理學院經營管理EMBA專班<br>106<br>Due to the changes of integral environment and the offshore migration of business industry in recent years, it brings a lot of pressure to business industry. Therefore, comprehending the development stage and future plan, analyzing how to make wiser decision in order to face future challenge is more and more important to engineering technology service industry. Basic on the industrial background, this study is to investigate the key factors for profitability of Taiwanese small and medium-sized mechanical and electrical engineering industry. This research will use the qualitative research methods to explore this issue, and use semi-structured interview outline as research tool. This research interviewfiveinterviewers of this industry. This study suggests the most important and key profit factors of small and medium-sized mechanical and electrical engineering industryare “human resources”, “finance” and “management strategy”.The expecting of this research is to make essential contributions to Taiwanese small and medium-sized mechanical and electrical engineering industry.

In den Jahren 2005 bis 2010 erfolgte im Rahmen der Erarbeitung der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift eine ökologische Untersuchung der Chironomidenfauna in der Talsperre Saidenbach (Sachsen, Erzgebirge). Drei Arten mit hoher Abundanz konnten bei der umfassenden Artenanalyse im Jahr 2005 ermittelt werden: Procladius crassinervis, P. choreus und Chironomus anthracinus. Zusätzlich wurde die Art C. plumosus aufgrund ihrer engen Verwandtschaft zu C. anthracinus in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Arbeit ist auf vier Schwerpunkte fokussiert, wobei die Larven und Puppen der vier Arten analysiert wurden. (1) Die Erarbeitung einer zuverlässigen Methode zur Unterscheidung der Larven der beiden eng verwandten Procladius-Arten basierend auf morphologischen Kriterien (Imaginalscheiden-entwicklung, Kopfkapselgröße und Körperlänge) sowie die Tiefenverteilung der Puppen waren eine Vorbedingung für weiterführende Analysen des Lebenszyklus (LZ) dieser beiden Arten. (2) Die Untersuchung des LZ war der zweite Schwerpunkt. Der LZ wurde stark von abiotischen Faktoren wie Temperatur, Sauerstoff und Biovolumen des Phytoplanktons kontrolliert. (3) Die raum-zeitlichen Verteilungsmuster der vier Arten wurden zunächst bezüglich großräumiger Unterschiede über einen Tiefengradienten innerhalb eines Transektes analysiert. Hierbei zeigte sich bei allen vier Arten eine zeitliche Änderung im jeweiligen Hauptverbreitungsgebiet. Die jungen Larven von C. anthracinus, C. plumosus und P. choreus wanderten im Verlauf ihrer Entwicklung bis zur Verpuppung in flachere Bereiche, P. crassinervis wanderte in tiefere Bereiche. Die Analyse der Verteilungsunterschiede der Larven zwischen zwei verschieden stark eutrophierten Buchten ergab höhere Dichten der beiden Chironomus-Arten in der Bucht mit dem größeren Zulauf und der höheren Phytoplanktonkonzentration im Vergleich mit den anderen Arten. Eine Analyse des kleinräumigen Verteilungsmusters fokussierte auf der Frage, ob die Larven gleichmäßig verteilt oder aggregiert auftraten. Die Untersuchung des vertikalen Verteilungsmusters erforschte das Schwimmverhalten der Larven. (4) Der letzte Aspekt war eine experimentelle Untersuchung, die am Beispiel von C. anthracinus durchgeführt wurde mit dem Ziel, den Proximatfaktor für die beobachtete Wanderung der Larven zu ermitteln, der letztendlich die Temperatur war. Puppen bevorzugten im Experiment wärmere Temperaturen und junge Larven kühlere Temperaturen. Die fünfjährige Untersuchung der Chironomiden in der Talsperre Saidenbach beschreibt insgesamt die komplexe Verhaltensreaktion der Chironomiden, die einen wesentlichen Teil der benthischen Lebensgemeinschaft darstellen, bezüglich der Lebenszyklusmuster (Voltinismus, Verpuppung), der Abundanzänderungen (inner- und zwischenjährlich) sowie der groß- und kleinräumigen Verteilung unter der Einwirkung der wichtigsten Umweltfaktoren.:1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 2. MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF TWO PROCLADIUS AND TWO CHIRONOMUS SPECIES IN THE MESOTROPHIC SAIDENBACH RESERVOIR 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Material and methods 2.2.1 Sampling of larvae 2.2.2 Species identification 2.2.3 Differentiation of the Procladius species by means of head capsule size and depth distribution 2.2.4 Other morphological criteria 2.2.5 Development of imaginal discs 2.3. Results 2.3.1 Procladius crassinervis and P. choreus 2.3.2 Chironomus anthracinus and C. plumosus 2.4. Discussion 2.4.1 Method discussion 2.4.2 Head capsule width 2.4.3 Larval growth 3. FIVE - YEAR LIFE CYCLE PATTERN OF TWO PROCLADIUS AND TWO CHIRONOMUS SPECIES IN THE MESOTROPHIC SAIDENBACH RESERVOIR 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Material and methods 3.2.1 Study area 3.2.2 Sampling of chironomid larvae 3.2.3 Sampling of chironomid pupae 3.2.4 Mortality 3.2.5 Abiotic conditions and phytoplankton 3.3 Results 3.3.1 Abiotic conditions and phytoplankton 3.3.1.1 Temperature 3.3.1.2 Oxygen 3.3.1.3 Phytoplankton 3.3.2 Life cycle analysis 3.3.2.1 Composition of instars 3.3.2.2 Procladius crassinervis 3.3.2.3 Procladius choreus 3.3.2.4 Chironomus anthracinus 3.3.2.5 Chironomus plumosus 3.3.2.6 Tanytarsini 3.3.2.7 Other species 3.3.3 Influence of abiotic conditions on pupation and life cycle 3.3.3.1 Procladius crassinervis 3.3.3.2 Procladius choreus 3.3.3.3 Chironomus anthracinus 3.3.3.4 Chironomus plumosus 3.3.3.5 Tanytarsini 3.3.4 Mortality of larvae during pupation 3.4 Discussion 3.4.1 Method discussion 3.4.2 Life cycle 3.4.3 Influence of controlling factors 3.4.4 Larval mortality and chironomid pupae as prey 4. SMALL AND LARGE SCALE DISTRIBUTION ASPECTS AND MIGRATION OF TWO PROCLADIUS AND TWO CHIRONOMUS SPECIES IN THE MESOTROPHIC SAIDENBACH RESERVOIR 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Study area 4.3 Material and methods 4.3.1 Sampling of chironomid pupae 4.3.2 Sampling of chironomid larvae 4.3.3 Large scale distribution 4.3.3.1 Depth gradient of the larval abundance 4.3.3.2 Distribution between different lake areas 4.3.4 Small scale distribution - patchiness 4.3.5 Vertical distribution 4.3.5.1 Residence depth in the sediment 4.3.5.2 Larvae in the water column 4.4 Results 4.4.1 Large scale distribution 4.4.1.1 Depth gradient of the larval abundance 4.4.1.2 Distribution between different lake areas 4.4.2 Small scale distribution - patchiness 4.4.3 Vertical distribution 4.4.3.1 Residence depth in the sediment 4.4.3.2 Larvae in the water column 4.5 Discussion 4.5.1 Large scale distribution 4.5.1.1 Depth gradient of the larval abundance 4.5.1.2 Distribution between different lake areas 4.5.2 Small scale distribution - patchiness 4.5.3 Vertical distribution 4.5.3.1 Residence depth in the sediment 4.5.3.2 Larvae in the water column 5. INVESTIGATIONS ON THE PREFERENCE TEMPERATURE OF C. ANTHRACINUS FROM THE MESOTROPHIC SAIDENBACH RESERVOIR 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Material and methods 5.2.1 Influence of temperature on the timing of pupation 5.2.2 Preference temperature 5.2.3 Locomotory activity of larvae 5.3 Results 5.3.1 Migratory activity of C. anthracinus in the field 5.3.2 Influence of temperature on the timing of pupation 5.3.3 Preference temperature 5.3.4 Locomotory activity of larvae 5.4 Discussion 5.4.1 Influence of temperature on the timing of pupation 5.4.2 Preference temperature 5.4.3 Agitation activity of larvae 6. OVERALL SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 7. REFERENCES EIDESSTATTLICHE ERKLÄRUNG DANKSAGUNG<br>In the context of the present dissertation an ecological study was performed about chironomids in Saidenbach Reservoir in the Saxony Ore Mountains, Germany during the five years from 2005 to 2010. A preliminary overall species analysis in 2005 showed that three species were most abundant: Procladius crassinervis, P. choreus and Chironomus anthracinus. Additionally, the species C. plumosus was examined because of its close relationship to C. anthracinus. The study is focussed on four subjects, whereby larvae and pupae of the four species were analysed. (1) The elaboration of a reliable method to distinguish the larvae of the two closely related species P. crassinervis and P. choreus on the basis of morphological criteria (imaginal disc development, larval head capsule size and body length) as well as the depth distribution of their pupae was a precondition to the profound analysis of their life cycles. (2) The investigation of the life cycle pattern of the four species was the second focus. The life cycle of the four species was found to be strongly influenced by abiotic conditions such as temperature, oxygen and biovolume of the phytoplankton. (3) The spatial and temporal distribution pattern of the four species was analysed in view of large scale differences over a depth gradient in one transect. Here, in all four species a shift in the mainly settled lake bottom area occurred. The young larvae of C. anthracinus, C. plumosus and P. choreus migrated during maturing and pupation towards shallower areas; P. crassinervis migrated to deeper areas. The distribution differences between two different bays showed that the two Chironomus species had higher densities in the bay with the higher inflow which resulted in a higher phytoplankton standing stock compared to the other species. A small scale distribution pattern analysis focussed on finding out whether the larvae were aggregated or randomly distributed. The vertical distribution analysis examined the swimming behaviour of the larvae. (4) The last aspect was an experimental setup exemplarily driven with C. anthracinus which showed that the migration was stimulated by the proximate factor temperature as pupae preferred warmer temperatures and young larvae colder temperatures. Altogether, the five year study about chironomids in Saidenbach Reservoir pointed out the complex reaction in the behaviour of an important part of the benthic community concerning the life cycle pattern (voltinism, pupation pattern), the changing in abundances (inter-annual and intra-annual) and the large scale and small scale distribution pattern under the rule of the most important environmental factors.:1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 2. MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF TWO PROCLADIUS AND TWO CHIRONOMUS SPECIES IN THE MESOTROPHIC SAIDENBACH RESERVOIR 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Material and methods 2.2.1 Sampling of larvae 2.2.2 Species identification 2.2.3 Differentiation of the Procladius species by means of head capsule size and depth distribution 2.2.4 Other morphological criteria 2.2.5 Development of imaginal discs 2.3. Results 2.3.1 Procladius crassinervis and P. choreus 2.3.2 Chironomus anthracinus and C. plumosus 2.4. Discussion 2.4.1 Method discussion 2.4.2 Head capsule width 2.4.3 Larval growth 3. FIVE - YEAR LIFE CYCLE PATTERN OF TWO PROCLADIUS AND TWO CHIRONOMUS SPECIES IN THE MESOTROPHIC SAIDENBACH RESERVOIR 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Material and methods 3.2.1 Study area 3.2.2 Sampling of chironomid larvae 3.2.3 Sampling of chironomid pupae 3.2.4 Mortality 3.2.5 Abiotic conditions and phytoplankton 3.3 Results 3.3.1 Abiotic conditions and phytoplankton 3.3.1.1 Temperature 3.3.1.2 Oxygen 3.3.1.3 Phytoplankton 3.3.2 Life cycle analysis 3.3.2.1 Composition of instars 3.3.2.2 Procladius crassinervis 3.3.2.3 Procladius choreus 3.3.2.4 Chironomus anthracinus 3.3.2.5 Chironomus plumosus 3.3.2.6 Tanytarsini 3.3.2.7 Other species 3.3.3 Influence of abiotic conditions on pupation and life cycle 3.3.3.1 Procladius crassinervis 3.3.3.2 Procladius choreus 3.3.3.3 Chironomus anthracinus 3.3.3.4 Chironomus plumosus 3.3.3.5 Tanytarsini 3.3.4 Mortality of larvae during pupation 3.4 Discussion 3.4.1 Method discussion 3.4.2 Life cycle 3.4.3 Influence of controlling factors 3.4.4 Larval mortality and chironomid pupae as prey 4. SMALL AND LARGE SCALE DISTRIBUTION ASPECTS AND MIGRATION OF TWO PROCLADIUS AND TWO CHIRONOMUS SPECIES IN THE MESOTROPHIC SAIDENBACH RESERVOIR 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Study area 4.3 Material and methods 4.3.1 Sampling of chironomid pupae 4.3.2 Sampling of chironomid larvae 4.3.3 Large scale distribution 4.3.3.1 Depth gradient of the larval abundance 4.3.3.2 Distribution between different lake areas 4.3.4 Small scale distribution - patchiness 4.3.5 Vertical distribution 4.3.5.1 Residence depth in the sediment 4.3.5.2 Larvae in the water column 4.4 Results 4.4.1 Large scale distribution 4.4.1.1 Depth gradient of the larval abundance 4.4.1.2 Distribution between different lake areas 4.4.2 Small scale distribution - patchiness 4.4.3 Vertical distribution 4.4.3.1 Residence depth in the sediment 4.4.3.2 Larvae in the water column 4.5 Discussion 4.5.1 Large scale distribution 4.5.1.1 Depth gradient of the larval abundance 4.5.1.2 Distribution between different lake areas 4.5.2 Small scale distribution - patchiness 4.5.3 Vertical distribution 4.5.3.1 Residence depth in the sediment 4.5.3.2 Larvae in the water column 5. INVESTIGATIONS ON THE PREFERENCE TEMPERATURE OF C. ANTHRACINUS FROM THE MESOTROPHIC SAIDENBACH RESERVOIR 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Material and methods 5.2.1 Influence of temperature on the timing of pupation 5.2.2 Preference temperature 5.2.3 Locomotory activity of larvae 5.3 Results 5.3.1 Migratory activity of C. anthracinus in the field 5.3.2 Influence of temperature on the timing of pupation 5.3.3 Preference temperature 5.3.4 Locomotory activity of larvae 5.4 Discussion 5.4.1 Influence of temperature on the timing of pupation 5.4.2 Preference temperature 5.4.3 Agitation activity of larvae 6. OVERALL SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 7. REFERENCES EIDESSTATTLICHE ERKLÄRUNG DANKSAGUNG

碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>高階主管管理碩士在職專班<br>106<br>In Taiwan, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in which SMEs are employed is 744,166 (55.68%) (Ministry of Economic and Social Affairs, Small and Medium Business Administration, 2015). These family-owned enterprise departments are faced with the problem of "succession". This study focuses on the key factors affecting the succession of Taiwanese SME entrepreneurs. At the present stage, many small and medium-sized enterprises in Taiwan started their careers in the 1980s and 1990s. They fled over time until most of the business owners in 2017 reached 65-70 years old. Close to the retirement schedule, they face the process of planning the succession of the succession plan, resulting in communication conflicts, and thus unable to successfully complete the transfer of power. This study attempts to find out how Taiwanese SMEs will improve their children's succession in their succession plans, and whether business owners' handling methods and leadership styles will affect the conflict between old and new management thinking in the process of succession. Child's succession suggestions. This study sampled business owners and business successors in the small and medium-sized traditional industries in the Yunan-Jinan region. Through case studies, we collected in-depth interviews with rich and diverse data, summarized them and then analyzed them gradually. Way to proceed. By focusing on the leadership style of the business owner, the company will discuss with the company's successors and expects to provide reference for the business owner's role and planning during the company's succession process.

碩士<br>淡江大學<br>企業管理學系碩士班<br>101<br>Guatemala and Taiwan have a long relationship that dates back almost 80 years, and with the two countries having similar human development and economic indexes 60 years ago, this research proposes a study on the gap that exists today between these two countries emphasizing on the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. After an extensive literature review and constant research on this topic dating back over five years, there has been no contribution of this nature found. Various research work including Akinboade & Kinfack (2012); Arena & Azzone (2012); Benzing & Hung (2009) demonstrated different factors affecting the key success factors of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, and after rigorous selection, the framework model from Fogel & Zapalska (2001) was chosen. This research proposes an approach using this framework’s five different key success factors on education, country’s history, economic policies, financial and non-financial assistance, and socio-economic influence. This research proposes a qualitative approach using the literature review and working in conjunction with four Guatemalan companies and four Taiwanese companies in the industries of service, trading and manufacture. This research proposes that the gap between the countries is directly related to the human development, and the education factor will be of outstanding importance; additionally, the similarities and differences in hiring requirements and job development go hand-in-hand with the development levels of each country; and finally, the country’s history has played an important role for the development of each country. The managerial implications of this research show that there could a direct result of the companies’ requirements in the gap dividing the two countries in the key success factors of education and socio-economic influence. In addition, results show that in Guatemala, corruption plays an important part for the difference in development between the two countries.

碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>工業工程與管理系EMBA班<br>103<br>This study was designed to investigate the small and medium sized connector factory product research and development to cope with the rapidly changing environment of the characteristics. On Fussy Delphi Method (FDM) and Decision Evalution Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) through to a number of managers in high-end connector or engaged in product development and has experience of senior experts for the survey results after the test questionnaire, then determine the survey results statistics and analysis these causal relationship between facets and norms. After quantifying, establish and prioritize between the individual elements. Final draw the distribute chart of priority causal relationships to judge each facet and norms section in the context of each other and the degree of interaction. Thus, we can find somethings with the result of this study, the SMEs need to improve and strengthen factories of dimension that priorities are human source, financial affairs audit and control and last one is the technonlogy of product research &; design and manufacture ability. The criterias that SEMs need to improve and strengthen factories of critiera that priorities are relationship between employees, relationship between shareowners and last one is putting into the manpowers of R&;D. We also wished this study that discussion with key success factors of product research and development can be the reference materials when SEMs connector factories in product research and development in the future.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>This thesis investigates the underlying success factors of tourism small- and medium-sized enterprises (TSMEs) in Malaysia. Tourism has emerged as one of the world’s major industries with significant changes in the structure and operation of the tourism industry worldwide. The global transition to tourism-focused economies, the emergence of new destinations, and increasing demands for differentiated tourism products and services have engendered the need for TSMEs to develop strategies to become competitive in the changing global economy. Despite the efforts, TSMEs continue to face challenges that impede successful tourism development in destination countries, thus slowing gains that can emerge from TSMEs activities. As one of the most popular destinations in the world, the Malaysian government has taken a strategic approach to developing the performance of its tourism industry. Currently, tourism has become the second largest contributor to gross domestic product and a major contributor to foreign exchange earnings in the country. Given this, the Malaysian government has made concerted efforts to spur the tourism industry through empowering and supporting TSMEs. Understanding the key success factors of TSMEs is therefore pertinent. To achieve this objective, this study examines the operations and identifies key success factors of TSMEs in Malaysia based on Resource-Based View (RBV) theoretic framework. A structured questionnaire was administered to 346 Malaysian tourism entrepreneurs to elicit information on their managerial characteristics and performance. The descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted using the SPSS 18 and AMOS 18 statistical packages. The empirical findings from this research are summarised. First, the motivation of tourism entrepreneurs to enter the industry in Malaysia is driven by certain socio-economic and demographic characteristics. Empirical results indicate that there exists a positive association between age and entrepreneurial motivation. Second, tourism entrepreneurs in Malaysia perceive management practices of business planning, business alliances, motivation and government support as key factors for sustaining TSME business performance. Third, there is strong empirical evidence to indicate that a causal relationship exists between management practices and TSME performance in Malaysia. That, the key success factors of business planning, tourism entrepreneurial motivation and government assistance programmes have had a strong positive effect on the performance of TSMEs in Malaysia. This study provides strong empirical evidence to indicate that to improve the performance of TSMEs there is the need to enhance the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of managers as well as continue to maintain government assistance programmes to TSMEs. This could be achieved through developing effective government policies and creating greater awareness of assistance programmes offered by the government, improve efficacy of public and private institutions that support TSMEs, and encouraging further training and exposure of managers to advances in entrepreneurial skill development in Malaysia.

碩士<br>東海大學<br>會計學系<br>107<br>This study aims to explore the key factors for the success of the domestic education industry and provide a reference for the business management strategy. The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to explore the current development of domestic re-education industry (2) to explore the internal and external environment of domestic re-education practitioners Analysis (3) Exploring the transformation strategy of domestic supplement operators. This study adopts a case study method with a semi-structured interview questionnaire as a research tool. Referring to Osterwalder and Pigneur's business model(2012), the nine-grid structure, Lin Shuhui's strategy of re-education(2015), and the proposed competition strategy by Porter(1985). The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Although the number of students is reduced due to the decrease in the number of students, the family education resources are concentrated on a small number of children, which in turn leads to a bright future. (2) The internal SWOT analysis of the domestic supplementary education business strategy found that the remedial classes were implemented in the new curriculum, and the course content, equipment, and teachers must be adjusted. In addition to strength, location, and word of mouth, enrollment marketing and packaging will be more important. (3) The external PEST analysis of the supplementary education business strategy found that the market for children and English supplements is still huge, and the demand for second foreign languages is gradually increasing. Should master the teaching materials and learning, hands-on course needs. (4) Analysis of the transformation strategy of domestic supplement operators found that the business value proposition of the tutoring class includes: student personality, self-study, multi-specialization, etc.; the key resources and market segments include: teachers, gamification courses, exquisite teaching, etc.; Customer needs include: character education, individual counseling, etc.; marketing channels include: social services, parent briefings, etc.; strategic alliances and cooperation models include: social culture and education foundation, science and information industry cooperation; differential transformation strategies include: active teaching , individual guidance, small class teaching, etc.

碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>管理研究所<br>99<br>? Electronic medical record (EMR) system has been developed nearly two decades in the United States and Europe. The EMR system not only improves the administrative efficiency of Health Care but also solves the storage problems of traditional medical record system. To implement the Electronic Medical Records System has become a trend for all of hospitals. ? This study focuses on the status of EMR at the regional hospitals in Taiwan. Through qualitative research methods, it proceeds with an interview with the leaders of three small- or medium-sized hospitals to find out the key success factors to implement EMR System. The key success factors are summarized below : ? Government’s support: Government should lead the time-frame of implementation, unify the format for interoperability of Electronic Medical Records and give the Hospitals a various support to effectively reduce operating costs. ? Support of senior management level: the implementation process of electronic medical records must encounter resistance of organization, the support of top management-level can break the resistance of organization and implement electronic medical records successfully. ? Excellent teamwork and organizational leadership: the leader of EMR has to organize excellent team with outstanding leadership, medical and professional skills, and familiarity with the various government subsidy programs and the promotion of EMR have communication skills. ? Planning the implementation of EMR for small or medium-sized hospitals, the leaders of the projects must have excellent teamwork under the supports of top managers to promote the EMR system. They should set up an action plan as soon as possible, complying with Government’s subsidy plan to reduce the cost burden of Hospital itself.

碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>企業管理學系<br>96<br>According to 2006 White Paper on SMEs, SMEs in Taiwan constitute about 97.8 percent of enterprise establishments, employ 76.9 percent of total workforce, and contribute 29.46 percent of total turnover. Small and medium-sized enterprises in Taiwan aggressively involve in product and technology innovations for continuous growth or survival. In addition, most of Taiwanese SMEs are sponsored and protected by the government. Government policies provide some packages about consultant service, loan with low interest rate, or training practices to facilitate innovation investment and research of Taiwanese SMEs. Therefore, they are ideal targets for innovation study. From the research perspective, previous SMEs studies focused on their management, financial analysis of SMEs, traits of SMEs entrepreneurs or management teams, organizational learning of SMEs, and so on. However, studies about SMEs innovation are relatively less investigated. Investigating benchmarking of SMEs innovation is necessary to establish innovation practices and is helpful for knowledge learning of Taiwanese SMEs. By this, we aim to figure out the key successful factors from winners of innovation award. The targets were focus on those winners of innovation research. Three types of SMEs innovation are inductive from literature review, and they are product, process and service innovation. In order to explore the key successful factors of innovation, four winners of innovation research are selected based on the three innovation types, including TaiKong 、CyberLink、Lifelaw and Marie Case studies is adopted to probe the successful elements of each company and to develop the common key successful factors overall. Data is collected from secondary data and interview. Besides, this study propose four dimensions about the measurement of innovation — choices of innovation strategies, management of innovative activities, organizations with innovative culture, and network of innovation environment. Furthermore, eighteen innovation key factors are embedded in the four dimensions. Case analysis is based on the four dimensions and eighteen factors. Research results show that there are eighteen KSFs among four cases. Particularly, most of them belong to the dimensions of innovation activities management and innovative culture organizations. As for the innovative performance, CyberLink is better than the other companies. Finally, we could find out that three common KSFs are easily observed from the research analysis, those are:including innovation protection, top management support, and knowledge share and communication.

碩士<br>國立臺中技術學院<br>資訊科技與應用研究所<br>97<br>The outstanding talented person will bring good competitive power and profitability to enterprises. In recent years, human resource management development has gradually been receiving much attention. The enterprise carries out education and training that could increase the enterprise's competitive advantage which is also quite important to long-term development. In order to increase enterprise competitiveness, the government provides vocational training subsidies enterprise. The government has set up a certification system for the training industry that is called the Taiwan TrainQuali System (TTQS). TTQS provides a systematic management flow, respectively as Plan, Design, Do, Review and Outcome (PDDRO). PDDRO enables the education and training to be possible for immediate examination, feedback, adjustment and guarantees that the training industry has planned schedule, execution and achievement evaluation ability. Whether the education and training can promote the enterprise competitive power, and achieve organizational management goal are subject of utmost concern of enterprise. The enterprise is also concern with whether the induction of TTQS can promote management achievements and how to make improvements if achievements were inferior. In this research, TTQS is used together with business growth rate to classify 85 manufacturing industries. The study takes the accurate forecast of material category, to find the key indicators for the turnover growth rate of enterprises whereby education and training are then introduced for expected improvements. Data used were from the TTQS information bank for vocational training of Taiwan’s medium-sized enterprises. Data Mining is first used in the grade column and the enterprise turnover data where analyses were performed on a total of 23 indices. Genetic algorithm is used to select the best column combination followed by classification to carry out the analyses on column combination to find the best training achievements and combinations. Results from the findings showed that enterprise may target seven key indicators to carry out improvements on turnover rate. From the eight indicators, it is realized the importance of training plans. In future when enterprises begin training, they must pay attention to education and training goals together with setting up requirements and a comprehensive training strategy.

碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>會計學系<br>107<br>In Chinese society, corporate turnover and succession are extremely sensitive issues. Although many founders have long had a blueprint, they would rather not be secret, and the successors would not mention it. Family enterprises are the most important economic entities in Taiwan. Over the years, the first generation entrepreneurs are gradually aging and some retired, a majority of the successors are sons and daughters of the founders or a later generation of the big family member. After the enterprise grows and develops steadily over time, the topic of concern to business owners will also be transferred to the business succession issues by dealing with business-related issues. However, the business owners themselves recognize the importance of this issue, but not necessarily Will be to start and execute the succession procedures and plans, and even observed that business owners deliberately delay the face of the phenomenon of succession. A good succession system for a business could facilitate the business to foresee future talent demand, evaluate learning progress of key cultivated talents, always assign the talents to the new posts that face growth opportunities and challenges, keep on providing the business with current required elite teams, and reduce the failure risk and inner-organization morale setback from head-hunting.

碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>企業管理學系研究所<br>95<br>Abstract The purpose of this study is to use Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to find out success factors of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) R&D alliances and relative importance of these factors, and then to get the key successful factors (KSFs) to discuss why these KSFs have important influence on SMEs R&D alliances. AHP and case study are used in this research. Through literature review, the researcher develops 4 criteria and 16 successful factors which are arranged in hierarchical structure chart. Next, case study is used to make this chart reflect better the conditions of Taiwanese SMEs R&D alliances. Finally, to find out the KSFs, AHP is used to design the questionnaire and do questionnaire survey. The results of this study are: 1. The relative importance of the 4 criteria is: business strategy (0.386), the mechanism of R&D alliance management (0.283), partners’ relationship (0.207), and government policy (0.124). 2. The 6 KSFs are: identifying market demand (0.137), clearly defining roles and responsibilities (0.101), establishing mechanism of communication and mutual trust (0.091), using complementary resources and technology (0.079), routinely assessing and adjusting (0.074), and emphasizing the degree of commitment (0.074).

碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>工業工程與管理系碩士班<br>105<br>Based on the analysis of the diamond theory model and five Michael Porter this article uses, through literature review and expert interviews to construct the analytic hierarchy process (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP) research framework, after issuing the two phase of the questionnaire, the use of Power Choice software for decision analysis, and calculate the correlation analysis of various criteria weights. The future direction of the integration of domestic and foreign experts and scholars on the traditional plastic products industry and opinions, collect and analysis the key success factors of the traditional plastic products industry, according to the research results in this paper, research innovation competition strategies, in order to improve the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises.

碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>高階主管管理碩士在職專班<br>99<br>Textile used to be the biggest industry that earned most foreign exchange money, supported 153,000 families, and more importantly, helped create the so called Taiwan economic miracle. However, in recent years, due to the facts of industry moving to other countries, costs increasing while margins decreasing, emerging countries such as China, South Eastern Asia, Latin Americas who adopted the Taiwan track and developed rapidly, as well as signing of Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA), it is estimated that the export amount from China to Taiwan will increase by 20.8%, or approximately one hundred and sixty millions dollars. In addition, there would be as many as 486 items that were not allowed to import from China encountering the pressure of open to the market. Taiwan is losing its competitive advantage by gradually increase of labor costs. It would be an essential issue as how to integrate the existing resources and advantages to invigorate competitive power of textile industry and to ensure its sustainable development. It is emphasized in the strategic report submitted by the well known research institute, Gartner, that it is necessary for future enterprises to effectively develop coordination commerce in order to improve their competitive power. However, because it is a new concept and its costs are high, small and medium-sized enterprises are more conservative in investing it. This research would like to explore the factors, from view points of organization, partnership and ability, that affect decision making process on adopting coordination commerce in small and medium-sized enterprises. The findings can be provided as reference to those who would like to adopt coordination commerce faster and more successfully. The question that this research would like to explore is: What would be the factors that affect small and medium-sized enterprises in the textile industry to make the decision whether they should adopt coordination commerce? To what degree would the factors affect each other? According to Thory of Diffusion of Innovation, partnership and knowledge management of Rogers, and bibliography and associated research done in the past, we collated our research model that includes the six aspects and 33 possible affecting factors: features of coordination commerce, features of organization, features of decision makers in organizations, features of partnership and knowledge management. Through questionnaires done by experts and AHP analysis method, we came to find the real influence factors and their degree of influences. The findings indicated that features of coordination commerce, features of organization, features of environment, features of decision makers in organizations, features of partnership and knowledge management and 20 other factors remarkably affect the decision making in small and medium-sized enterprises as to whether they should adopt coordination commerce. This reach also provides the order of priority of the factors that affect coordination commerce. The 7 factors, and most important ones, that experts recognize as first priority that small and medium-sized enterprises should take into consideration when adopting coordination commerce are: coordination, degree of trust, supports from higher level management, seeing knowledge management as part of work flows, close partnership, degree of power centralization, and complement of information technology.

碩士<br>南台科技大學<br>高階主管企管碩士班<br>95<br>Following the globalization, small-to-medium sized enterprises rally to maintain the competitiveness through continuous investment. The limited resource in the companies, however, would affect the correctness of the traditional credit granting evaluation system which focuses on the financial statement and quantitative factors. Among the stronger competition between banks than ever, banks cultivating the loan business on small-to-medium sized companies might end up with loose credit quality and dead debts as a result of incomplete evaluation. This research aims to build a non-quantitative evaluation scorecard applicable for small-to-medium sized enterprises in order to reduce the risk of the excess loan rate of the bank effectively and efficiently. Based on the key-factor analysis, scorecard could be divided into 4 portions: future plan of its core competence, operation performance, finance situation and ability of paying back as well as management capability of the leaders. The percentage of each factor in the range of 10-40% would vary with company size, competition and economic environment.

碩士<br>義守大學<br>資訊管理學系碩士班<br>96<br>Abstract Recently, because of the rapidly changing global economic environment, and information technology driving the flourishing rapid growth of the Internet, competition among enterprises, pursued the replacement of mass production with large-scale production, transfer to cost reduction, quality improvement, elastic modes of production made. In the face of the above pressures,Taiwanese small and medium-sized enterprises in China, should solve the pressures by considering many methods. In the 21st century, enterprise competitive advantages are no longer restricted to tangible manufacturing capacity, but also include invisible capital construction. In this case invisible capital construction refers to the planning of enterprise ide as, enterprise institutional framework, transformation of enterprise operating procedures, and the establishment of enterprise information systems.ERP introduces information science and technology to all enterprise resources and functions, helps organize an inside information backbone for an organic whole. Using the latest database and network technology can create an unblocked network environment, and organizing inside information can improve enterprise reaction speed to market and customer demand, thus helping enterprises cooperate and apply tactics in an organized manner, thus establishing key enterprise competitiveness. Enterprises, after introducing ERP system to the entreprises, enterprises can enhance their competitiveness, boost their operations, and improve profitability. The other hand,introducing ERP to enterprises, it causes extra wastage occurs. It is possible that it could becomes impossible to achieve smooth operations and cause more wastage. The reasons for success and failure deserve thorough investigation. Thisstudy utilizes TOPSIS and analyses to channel into the successful factor of key of ERP system. Then orders the various factors.

碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>企業管理系碩士在職專班<br>103<br>SMEs is the main shaft in Taiwan economic arteries, and the bank financing is the lifeblood for SMEs operation, therefore, this study takesloan cases granted by T Bank to SMEs located in the southern region from 2000 to 2013 as researchsamples, through credit assessment under bank’s five P credit principles and literature discoveriesto select ten explanatory variables included gender, and identifies significant variablesthat impact the non-performing loans of T Bank via Logistic regression analysis, and then by experts in-depth interviews confirms the importance of "seniority of enterprise establishment ", "organization type of enterprise "," if use a cash card ", " loan period "," collateralized or un collateralized ", in order to create the assessmentmodel as key factors for the non-performing loans and finallymake the conclusions and recommendations. 　　This paper considers that the price competition in the financial industry has resulted inthe credit grant of non-performingloans became the greatest worries in the banking sector, which seriously eroded profit and even endanger the solid operation of the bank, so that the recommendations has been made for the banking industry and the subsequent researchers as references to create a win-win transactionrelationship between the SMEs and the bank.

Professional Doctorate - Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)<br>The notion of knowledge, its management, creation, effective sharing and utilization are increasingly recognized as a key source of competitive advantage. In the knowledge-based economy (K-economy), knowledge is reckoned as power and it is being propelled into the forefront to facilitate the creation of sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) for organizations of all sizes. Embarking on the K-economy, Sabah small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as well as other SMEs in Malaysia are being pushed into the forefront to face up with intense competition from large organizations and multi national corporations (MNCs) driven by globalization. To compete and survive in the K-economy, Sabah SMEs have little option but to improve on their competitiveness. It is therefore pertinent for Sabah SMEs to initiate learning, cultivating, and practicing knowledge sharing (KS), in particular the sharing of tacit knowledge, local skills and expertise acquired to improve competitiveness and develop SCA in order to sustain their businesses. A gap existed in the relevant extant literature on KS in SMEs as most research studies on knowledge, knowledge creation and KS emphasize and focus on large corporations only. Likewise, there are relatively limited research studies conducted in knowledge management (KM) and KS in SMEs Malaysia, in particular Sabah SMEs. As such this research sought to investigate KS issues confronting Sabah SMEs pertaining to sustainability of their businesses in the midst of intense competition in the K-economy. The specific research problem examined was: ‘How does knowledge sharing facilitate the competitiveness and develop sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) in Sabah SMEs? Perspective of a leading Sabah SME retailer’ To address this research problem a case study methodology under the interpretivist paradigm was adopted. A research conceptual framework (RCF) based on Nonaka’s (1991) Socialization, Externalization, Combination and Internalization (SECI) process model of knowledge creation and sharing was employed to explore and investigate the KS issues focusing on key determinants of KS and KS influence in building competitiveness in Sabah SMEs from a leading Sabah SME retailer perspective. Thirty interviewees were selected comprising three categories of management, clerical and technician staff from the leading Sabah SME to gather rich and deep primary data via in-depth interviews to illuminate the research problem. This case study research produced 18 new findings on KS issues in Sabah SMEs which supported the RCF in line with Nonaka’s (1991) SECI model. The findings of this research highlight key determinants of KS in Sabah SMEs primarily comprise of work environment factor such as ‘job pressure and teamwork’ and staff attitudinal factor in the form of ‘mutual respects and gain’ in addition to human, organizational and ICT factors as revealed by extant literature. This implies that work environment and staff attitudinal factors probably have more determining or pulling power of KS in Sabah SMEs than human, organizational and ICT factors. Research findings also feature very prominently work environment factor in the form of ‘job pressure’ as directly correlated to KS and had the most influence on KS in building competitiveness in Sabah SMEs. Even though the findings are subject to limitations, this research provides significant implications for theory-generation, Sabah SMEs, other business communities, policymakers, the Sabah state government and society at large. Future research on the emerging field of knowledge sharing in Sabah SMEs hold prospects to understand deeper the complexity of KS concept in order to improve the overall performance of Sabah SMEs which must survive the intensely competitive K-economy so as to contribute to the economy building of the State and country.

碩士<br>實踐大學<br>企業創新與創業管理研究所<br>96<br>The study modifies the TAM structure and proposes TSAM model to discuss the key factors to implement ERP successfully in Taiwan’s small and medium sized enterprises. According to TSAM’s eight dimensions to interview employees, we find out that different cognition within sub-dimensions. The study aims to propose the practical strategys to diminish the perception as follows: 1. In the technology perceived easy of use dimension, we suggest have more trainings of operation to diminish cognition between MIS and employees in other departments. 2. In the technology perceived usefulness dimension, we suggest have a program of enterprise vision to diminish cognition between staff both administration department and other departments. 3. In the scientific and technological benefit dimension, employees from each level have the same cognition. 4. In the leaders' will dimension, leaders share the same points of view. 5. In the working flow dimension, we suggest have a program of building common understandings to diminish cognition between staff both administration department and other departments. 6. In the management flow dimension, we suggest have more on-line training programs to diminish cognition between managers and workers. 7. In the responsibility of defining dimension, we suggest have profit-center system to diminish cognition between different working level. 8. In composing power newly dimension, we suggest strictly execute audit functions and limit the MIS authority because of MIS and managers not having the same acceptance of composing power newly

碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>會計與資訊科技所<br>96<br>Small and medium-sized enterprises than on big enterprise , limited to into poor resources on being congenital looks, including the financial affairs , manager''s management skills , higher profit caused of price war reduce etc. and limit (Welsh and White , 1981). Carson and Gilmore (2000 ) points out that some theories , tools and methods have nothing to do or useless in the application of small and medium-sized enterprises. No matter fund or the human resources of small and medium-sized enterprises are not so sufficient as the big enterprise, small and medium-sized enterprises must utilize limited resources. White Paper on SMEs (2005) points out that small and medium-sized enterprises should continue on industry''s advantage accumulated in the past , by surging and born in the life spark , and extended the competition strength with '' high value ''. White Paper on SMEs (2006) also points out if small and medium-sized enterprises have not poured into the strength of the science and technology and innovation in time , very easy to be eliminated. So research this main purpose discuss what for promote key influence factor of innovation ability and to industry''s high value person who concern research it will be small and medium-sized enterprises. This research passes collection and arrangement of documents first , adopt (Grounded Theory ) and find out the key influence factor that influences enterprises to promote innovation ability in the theory end, among them put in order out 15 key factors , put in order out 13 key factors that suitable small and medium-sized enterprises promote innovation ability through the characteristic of small and medium-sized enterprises in innovation ability. Real example end adopt Rogers propose '' Innovation Diffusion Theory '' for construct surface mainly , other scholar is it construct surface for being auxiliary to construct surface to mention on 1995 in studying, three literary composition surfaces of environment , organization , individual among them will build and construct this research structure, grant the questionnaire to information services industry, attempt to understand that promotes the key influence factor of innovation ability and concerning of industry high Value Added. In concept , industry of high Value Added , should possess high-quality '' labour remuneration '' display two items with high-quality '' operating profit '' at least basically (Fan BingHang, 2006). The questionnaire , telephone get in touch with the webpage and fill in the questionnaire way via posting, grant 300 questionnaires in this research, there are 101 to retrieve questionnaires, the effective rate of recovery is 33.67%. The result that Discriminant Analysis verifies, in '' the labour remuneration '': Find 8 influence factors; In '' the operating profit '': 6 influence factors of finding etc.. It is influenced that 2 influence factors exist labour remuneration and operating profit at the same time on among them '' emphasize the speed and sense of urgency '' , '' the high-quality human resources ''. Can see the importance fast in speed of development and service in the software of service trade of information, staff members while organizing rely mainly on technology of the high-order , research and development manpower , the knowledge and technology are information services industry most important competition advantages .

碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>企業管理系碩士班<br>90<br>Since 1985, many small- and medium-sized (S&M) Taiwan businesses have invested in Mainland China through formal or informal channels. After investing in Mainland China, Taiwan businessmen tend to blame on false investment evaluation while the disappointed results emerged. As a result, considering investment-related factors is one of the key points for successful foreign expansion. Unfortunately, there are lacks of reference papers concerning Taiwanese small- and medium-sized business investing in Mainland China. Therefore, the studies aimed fill the vacuum by investigating the S&M Taiwan business operating in Mainland China. The present study aimed to investigate investment-related factors and organizational performance in Mainland China for Taiwan’s S&M businesses. By observation the key successful factors of investing in Mainland China, this study try to analyze their effects upon organizational results. This study used LISREL to build up “the model of key successful factors for FDI and organizational performance” when Taiwan S&M business investing in Mainland China. The study also wishes to contribute Taiwan S&M businesses by his finding to strengthen their competitive advantage, resulting in successful FDI. The result construct a investment evaluation framework by a series of KSF in Mainland China, including geographical features, industrial clusters and network connection, will influence the investing region and organization results. External network connection is also one of the key points investing in Mainland China.

University of Technology, Sydney. Institute for International Studies.<br>NO FULL TEXT AVAILABLE. Access is restricted indefinitely. The hardcopy may be available for consultation at the UTS Library.<br>NO FULL TEXT AVAILABLE. Access is restricted indefinitely. ----- 在中国，非公有制性质的中型和小型企业，一般人们通称之为＂中小型企业＂，其数量正在日益增长，为之服务的员工人数也已经超过了总在岗人数的60%，这类企业的不断增长和多样性不仅对区域经济的发展起到了积极推动的作用，同时也引发了众多的关于其生存发展以及壮大的各种决定性因素的探讨。 本研究以中国的非公有制中小型企业为调研主体，以 Fred R. David 在 1991 年提出的，之后在 2001 年进行了补充和更新的＂管理问题和战略实施＂模型（Management Issues and Strategy Implementation）作为理论对比框架，通过对五十家非公有制中小型企业的高层管理者的面访与一家日化私营企业的内部运作的实地考察，力求找出影响这类企业的战略管理贯彻和实施的各种关键因素。带着把现存的管理学理论观点和模式放入实际企业中进行考察和对比结果的思想，在深入了解了中国的非公有制中小型企业的日常管理和运作的过程之后，总结出中国的非公有制中小型企业在战略管理的实施过程中，应该摒弃那种完完全全地照搬照抄西方既有的理论框架和顺序的思想，而是要紧紧围绕着企业管理者对企业战略的思考的法论，如何确保既定的战略得以执行，完善人力资源方面团队构建、薪酬激励、绩效管理模式和体系的搭建，以及企业文化的塑造等四个方面的关键因素进行探讨和把握，才能真正把符合自身需求的战略管理过程进行到底，才能真正让企业的战略管理实践达成企业目标。 Nowadays, the number of non-state owned small and medium size enterprises, which are called "SME Enterprises", is increasing quickly. There are over 60% on-the-job persons working in these enterprises. The growing numbers and diversities of emerging SME enterprises are not only a driving force of regional economic development, but also a subject of scholarly research aiming at the explanation of key factors of their survival and healthy development. This research explores 50 non-state owned SME enterprises operating in China within the theoretical framework of the Management Issues and Strategy Implementation Model advanced by Fred R. David in 1991 and supplemented and revised in 2001. Through face-to-face interviews of higher level managers in those enterprises and fieldwork in a typical private SME enterprise, the research aims to find out all key issues influencing strategic management implementation in the development process of Chinese SME enterprises. With the research and comparisons between existing managerial theories, models and enterprises in reality, on the basis of the researcher's observations and. and data generated from daily management and processes of these enterprises, this research looks at the problems occurring in four key areas in the process of the implementation of management strategies. Following the discussion of these implementing problems, the research continues to provide advice on how to tackle these problems. These areas include strategy development, the implementing process of set strategy, human resource team build-up and incentive mechanism, and corporate culture.