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Jusni, Jusni, Andi Aswan, Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Shafiai, Gunawan Baharuddin, and Riandha Ridho Hafizh Thaha. "Key competitiveness of Indonesian small wooden furniture business." Innovative Marketing 19, no. 1 (2023): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.19(1).2023.06.
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Small wooden furniture businesses in East Indonesia feel pressure from the furniture businesses of the West Indonesia, in particular from Jepara, due to a fierce international rivalry. The study is intended to analyze the effect of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on competitiveness with innovation as an intervening variable. The study distributed 189 questionnaires to the small wooden furniture producers in the South and West Sulawesi Provinces. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood approach. The study found that market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and innovation contributed to leveraging the competitiveness of small furniture producers. With this model, market orientation is found to have a positive and significant effect on innovation and competitiveness, both with a small-medium effect. Interestingly, the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and innovativeness shows a positive, significant, and the most dominant of all structural causal relationships in the model, with a small-high effect. In contrast, the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and competitiveness has a positive and significant effect with a smaller path coefficient. The study also found that innovation shows a positive and significant effect on competitiveness with a relatively small impact. AcknowledgmentThe case of small wooden furniture businesses of Indonesia is part of collaborative research between the research teams from Hasanudd in University and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. In carrying out this study, the involvement of a number of agencies cannot be ignored: the Cooperative and Small and Medium Size Regional Office of South and West Sulawesi Province and Cooperatives and the Small and Medium Size Regional Office of Makassar City.
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Hooshmand, Reza, and Mohammad Reza Aref. "Polar code-based secure channel coding scheme with small key size." IET Communications 11, no. 15 (2017): 2357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2016.1489.
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Stonkutė, Eglė. "A Literature Review on the Linkage between Supply Chain Challenges and Key Success Factors for Small and Medium Size Enterprises." Management of Organizations: Systematic Research 74 (2015): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/mosr.2335.8750.2015.74.8.
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Hessheimer, Amelia J., Lilia Martínez de la Maza, Farah Adel Al Shwely, Arlena Sofía Espinoza, Fabio Ausania, and Constantino Fondevila. "Somatostatin and the “Small-For-Size” Liver." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 10 (2019): 2512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102512.
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“Small-for-size” livers arising in the context of liver resection and transplantation are vulnerable to the effects of increased portal flow in the immediate postoperative period. Increased portal flow is an essential stimulus for liver regeneration. If the rise in flow and stimulus for regeneration are excessive; however, liver failure and patient death may result. Somatostatin is an endogenous peptide hormone that may be administered exogenously to not only reduce portal blood flow but also offer direct protection to different cells in the liver. In this review article, we describe key changes that transpire in the liver following a relative size reduction occurring in the context of resection and transplantation and the largely beneficial effects that peri-operative somatostatin therapy may help achieve in this setting.
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Cheng, Chi, and Tao Jiang. "An Efficient Homomorphic MAC with Small Key Size for Authentication in Network Coding." IEEE Transactions on Computers 62, no. 10 (2013): 2096–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2012.135.
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Chen, Feng Jun, Shao Hui Yin, Jian Wu Yu, Ke Jun Zhu, and Yu Wang. "Ultra-Precision Fabrication of Small-Size Aspherical Glass Lens Mold." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.29.
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With the rapid development of opto-electronics communications, optics, aerospace and other industries, ultra-precision aspheric glass lenses are widely used in middle/high-grade optical opponent because of its high resolution and imaging quality. To achieve ultra-precision molding pressing of micro-lens, ultra-precision mold must be fabricated firstly. In this paper, some key new technologies were proposed for fabricating ultra-precision mold of small-size aspheric optical lens. A method of finite element simulation was employed to predict mould pressing process of the glass lens for correcting molds and improving the formation efficiency. An ultra-precision inclined-axis grinding and error compensation technology was also used to improve form accuracy of micro lens mold.
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Hassan, Nidaa Flaih, Akbas Ezaldeen Ali, Teaba Wala Aldeen, and Ayad Al-Adhami. "Video mosaic watermarking using plasma key." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 2 (2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i2.pp619-628.
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Video watermarking is one of the most widespread techniques amongst the many watermarking techniques presently are used; this is because the extreme existences of copyright abuse and misappropriation occur for video content. In this paper, a new watermarking algorithm is proposed to embed logo in digital video for copyright protection. To make the watermarks more robust to attack, host frame and host embedding indices must be changeable. A new algorithm is proposed to determined host frames by plasma function, Host location indices in frames are also determined by another plasma function. Logo is divided using the mosaic principle, the size of mosaic blocks is determined initially according to the degree of protection, whenever the size of mosaic blocks is small, it leads to safe embedding, and vice versa. Digital watermarks are embedded easily without any degradation for video quality, In the other side, the watermarked is retrieved by applying the reverse of proposed embedding algorithm and extracted watermark is still recognizable. The experimental results confirm that watermark is robust against three types of attacks which are addition of Gaussian noise, JPEG compression, and rotation process.
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Hassan, Nidaa Flaih, Akbas Ezaldeen Ali, Teaba Wala Aldeen, and Ayad Al-Adhami. "Video mosaic watermarking using plasma key." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 2 (2021): 619–28. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i2.pp619-628.
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Video watermarking is one of the most widespread techniques amongst the many watermarking techniques presently are used; this is because the extreme existences of copyright abuse and misappropriation occur for video content. In this paper, a new watermarking algorithm is proposed to embed logo in digital video for copyright protection. To make the watermarks more robust to attack, host frame and host embedding indices must be changeable. A new algorithm is proposed to determined host frames by plasma function, Host location indices in frames are also determined by another plasma function. Logo is divided using the mosaic principle, the size of mosaic blocks is determined initially according to the degree of protection, whenever the size of mosaic blocks is small, it leads to safe embedding, and vice versa. Digital watermarks are embedded easily without any degradation for video quality, In the other side, the watermarked is retrieved by applying the reverse of proposed embedding algorithm and extracted watermark is still recognizable. The experimental results confirm that watermark is robust against three types of attacks which are addition of gaussian noise, JPEG compression, and rotation process.
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Zhou, Chun, Yu Zhou, Yangbin Xu, et al. "Finite-Key Analysis of 1-Decoy Method Quantum Key Distribution with Intensity Fluctuation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (2022): 4709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094709.
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The decoy state quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is proven to be an effective strategy against the photon number splitting attack. It was shown that the 1-decoy state protocol, easier to implement in the practical QKD system, outperforms the 2-decoy state protocol for block sizes of up to 108 bits. How intensity fluctuations influence the performance of the 1-decoy state protocol with finite resources remains a pending issue. In this paper, we present a finite-key analysis of the 1-decoy state protocol with intensity fluctuations and obtain the secret key rate formula about intensity fluctuations. Our numerical simulation results show that the stronger the intensity fluctuations, the lower the secret key rate for a small data block size of a few bits. Our research can provide theoretical implications for the selection of data size in the QKD system with intensity fluctuations.
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Wu, Ying, Jinyong Chang, Rui Xue, and Rui Zhang. "Homomorphic MAC from Algebraic One-Way Functions for Network Coding with Small Key Size." Computer Journal 60, no. 12 (2017): 1785–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxx055.
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Pticar, Stjepan. "Financing As One Of The Key Success Factors Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises." Creative and Knowledge Society 6, no. 2 (2016): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cks-2016-0010.
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Abstract All entrepreneurs try to be timely unlimited, constant and successful in their business. In doing so, their company founding, running operations and development all depend on adequate and quality financing. The goal is to ensure a stable financing and growth and the question is how, when and from which sources should the financing be ensured. When talking of financing, it is primarily meant ensuring the money or the capital, a synonym of the entrepreneurship and its main moving strength. In order to be successful, it is of high importance to meet optimal business decisions and specially investing decisions. Even though the focus of the financing process is not solely limited to money, money plays a central role and is also the basis and the requirement for business activity and the very existence and the end goal of a business as well. One important focus of entrepreneurs is the question of an optimal financial structure for their own enterprise. The specifics of every individual company together with the industry they are in and macroeconomic environment they operate in do not allow for a uniform and generally applicable solution to this problem. The focus of this problem lies in the ratio between the size and structure of assets on one side and the size and structure of equity and debt on the other side. Every entrepreneur should also know which amount and structure of long-term assets, fixed assets is necessary for his enterprise. The function of investment planning defines these requirements before the actual investment takes place. An entrepreneur who is already longer in business will at this point analyze his actual financial structure with a focus on capital accumulation and conditions of raising debt.
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Siddiqur, Rahman, and Hossain Mohammed Sakhawat. "The Impact of Class Size on Quality Education:." DIU Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship 3, no. 02 (2008): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.36481/diujbe.v03i2.bkyx0042.
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The small classes1 at tertiary level enhance student-teachers’ interaction and provide a richer learning environment. Teamwork, interaction with classmates, projects and analysis of case studies are the key learning tools in many tertiary level courses. The small and diverged classes allow personalized attention as students learn different theories as well as their applications on pragmatic decision making. Our study therefore, reveals the reality on the basis of existing literature and questionnaire survey that small class size has a significant impact on the quality of education by enriching the performance of the students.
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Narvaez, CA, B. Sainte-Marie, and LE Johnson. "Intraspecific competition in size-structured populations: ontogenetic shift in the importance of interference competition in a key marine herbivore." Marine Ecology Progress Series 649 (September 10, 2020): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13435.
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Individuals rarely have equal competitive abilities, with body size being one of the most important attributes affecting the mechanism (i.e. exploitative and interference) and consequences of competition. Competitive interactions within size-structured populations are complex and can have major implications for population dynamics, community structure and evolutionary processes. Destructive grazing of kelp beds by the green urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis creates barrens where high-quality food is scarce and intraspecific competition may have an important role in structuring populations. In this study, we experimentally identified the mechanisms underlying size-asymmetric competition between small, medium, and large size classes of the green urchin. A field-based mesocosm experiment showed that small and medium sea urchins grew less and produced smaller gonads when competing for food with large conspecifics. Surprisingly, when food was provided ad libitum but large urchins were present, small individuals’ growth and foraging behavior were reduced, providing strong evidence for interference competition between small and large sea urchins. Interactions between medium and large sea urchins were, however, more influenced by exploitative competition, suggesting that sea urchins shift ontogenetically from a situation of intense interference competition to one dominated by exploitative competition. The size structure of the population can thus determine the relative importance of interference and exploitative competition. In turn, the importance of interference competition may influence size structure by inhibiting the growth of smaller urchins, a pattern consistent with the prediction of theoretical models. The consideration of size-asymmetric competitive interactions can lead to a better understanding of population size structure and dynamics.
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Li, Chen, Le Chen, Rongxing Lu, and Hui Li. "Comment on “An Efficient Homomorphic MAC with Small Key Size for Authentication in Network Coding”." IEEE Transactions on Computers 64, no. 3 (2015): 882–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2015.2389800.
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Kim, Young-Sik. "Comments on “An Efficient Homomorphic MAC with Small Key Size for Authentication in Network Coding”." IEEE Transactions on Computers 64, no. 12 (2015): 3619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2015.2409859.
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Fane, Tiedian, and Toumani Bagayoko. "The Impact of Key Success Factors Implementation on Profit Performance Within Malian Small Size Industry SODEMA." Asian Business Research 4, no. 2 (2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/abr.v4i2.619.
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This study highlights the impact of key success factor on profit performance. The recommendations should be used as guideline for Malian enterprises.The quantitative and qualitative methods, primary data collected by questionnaires and interviews are used. Secondary data are gotten from articles, journals and online resources. The research framework was analyzed using multiple regression models. Hypothesis test is adopted to accept or reject the hypothesis formulated in this research. Excel software have been used to perform the test, the measures of p-value, coefficient of determination, the adjusted coefficient of determination, the degree of freedom, the coefficient of Fisher and its critical value.The results suggest that key success factors have significant impact on profit performance. Key success factors have a positive impact on profit performance is valid hypothesis. This study makes several contributions to research and theory of key success factors and profit performance. A greater understanding of key success factors and profit performance provided further investigation of the relationship between of key success factors and profit performance. This model can be used by other enterprise to increase its profit performance. Through the use of this model, enterprise can quickly identify areas requiring urgent improvement.SODEMA industry needs improvement in chain communication systems, manufacturing techniques, and transportation capabilities as alternatives to investing in large inventories and production capacities. The theoretical model developed in this study is applicable in practice.
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Ramaswamy, K. V. "Do Size-dependent Tax Incentives Discourage Plant Size Expansion? Evidence from Panel Data in Indian Manufacturing." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 15, no. 4 (2021): 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09738010211036295.
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The article presents a new empirical application of the idea of threshold burden of tax incentives in India. The Indian government provided tax exemption to manufacturing units with sales turnover below a specified level over the years. The turnover threshold limit was US$1 million in 2009. Whether size-based tax rules incentivise firms to reorganise their production structure in order to stay below the threshold to take advantage of fiscal incentives is the key question addressed in this article. A significant factor that is widely believed to encourage small firms to stay small has been the tax incentives in the form of excise tax (turnover tax) exemptions below a specified value of sales each year. A key strategy followed by Indian firms to stay small and below the threshold has been product subcontracting or capacity subcontracting. We provide econometric evidence on this particular mechanism. The study is based on a unique unbalanced panel data of 29,213 manufacturing plants spanning the period 1999–2008 and a panel of 4,613 manufacturing firms covering the period 1990–2010. Average subcontracting intensity was found to be significantly higher in manufacturing establishments and firms with sales turnover below the ceiling level set by the tax rules. Econometric tests supported the hypothesis that establishments take advantage of tax incentives by staying below the threshold value of output. Econometric tests for a subgroup of domestic-market-oriented firms provide additional support to the hypothesis of threshold effects. These findings are relevant for policy design in developing and emerging economies. JEL Classification: O14, O17, L60, H32, H25
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TURÉGANO, DAVID MARTÍNEZ, and ALICIA GARCÍA HERRERO. "FINANCIAL INCLUSION, RATHER THAN SIZE, IS THE KEY TO TACKLING INCOME INEQUALITY." Singapore Economic Review 63, no. 01 (2018): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590818410047.
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In this paper, we assess empirically whether financial inclusion contributes to reducing income inequality when controlling for other key factors, such as economic development and fiscal policy. We conclude that financial inclusion contributes to reducing income inequality to a significant degree, while the size of the financial sector does not. Although our results are still preliminary and constrained by data limitations, they still bear significant policy implications. More specifically, fostering financial inclusion has one more important by-product, which had hardly been analyzed yet, namely reducing income inequality. More specifically, given the broad definition of financial inclusion used in our analysis, promoting financial inclusion implies facilitating the use of credit to low-income households, as well as granting credit to small and medium-sized enterprises.
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McArthur, Tom. "Small is beautiful." English Today 19, no. 4 (2003): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078403004012.
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Sometimes size really does matter, in issues relating to English as in other things. Sheer vastness and numbers inevitably draw our attention, especially at the present time, to linguistic and many other matters in China, and in this issue (as in others in recent times) we continue to pay close attention to both the vastness and the numbers. Certainly, in ET – as elsewhere in print and on screen – matters relating to such a rising world player are of key concern, and notably in ET76, we continue the debate on issues that are fundamental to the world's way of acknowledging linguistic dynamism, statistics, and (in effect) clout.
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de Lira, José Jonathas Pereira Rodrigues, José Roberto Feitosa Silva, Carla Ferreira Rezende, Rogério Parentoni Martins, Tiago Osório Ferreira, and Leonardo Peres Souza. "Population biology of the crab Goniopsis cruentata: variation in body size, sexual maturity, and population density." Animal Biology 64, no. 4 (2014): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002453.
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We studied two key traits in the life of organisms, body size and sexual maturity, and a population attribute, density, of the crabGoniopsis cruentata. Also, we evaluated the role of environmental factors on population density. We caught crabs in two mangrove sites that are under different influence of tidal fluctuation, and obtained pH and salinity of mangrove soil from each site as well as rainfall data for the period of study. Both body size and sexual maturity differed between sites, in which individuals from the small-bodied population matured at smaller sizes than their counterparts from the large-bodied population, which matured at larger sizes. In addition, density of the small-bodied population was lower than that of the large-bodied one. We did not detect any influence of the environmental factors on population density. Our finding indicate that key life history traits and population characteristics can vary on a very small spatial scale which may help to further elucidate the biology of natural populations.
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Arthur-Aidoo, Bernard Martin, Samuel Mensah Plange, and Belinda Dodoo. "Digitalizing the Activities of Small-Medium-Size Construction Firms." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 17, no. 1(J) (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v17i1(j).3756.
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Ghana's construction sector faces many obstacles, such as modernization, inefficiency, and safety hazards. Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are pivotal in job creation, economic expansion, and infrastructure development. To stay competitive, SMEs must embrace digital transformation as the industry experiences a digital revolution. This study examines the digital transformation of Ghanaian SME construction firms between 2018 and 2023, focusing on safety concerns, inefficiencies, and regulatory barriers, as well as the advantages of digitalization, such as improved communication and project management. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining structured surveys for SME employees with in-depth interviews with key stakeholders to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. The study investigates the use of digital technologies such as building information modeling (BIM), wearable technology, and real-time monitoring to address operational and safety issues. It also examines how digitization affects communication, resource allocation, project efficiency, and regulatory compliance. Factors such as government programs, technology adoption, and safety training are evaluated to determine their contribution to improving safety and productivity in the construction industry. The findings reveal that digital technologies significantly enhance project outcomes, safety management, and resource utilization. Government regulations also play a crucial role in supporting digitization initiatives. The study provides practical insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers seeking to promote innovation and growth among SMEs in Ghana's construction sector.
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Tkachenko, Oleksandr, and Alexandre Ardichvili. "Critical factors impacting interdisciplinary university research teams of small size." Team Performance Management: An International Journal 26, no. 1/2 (2020): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-07-2019-0068.
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Purpose This study aims to explore key factors influencing the work of interdisciplinary university research teams of small size. Design/methodology/approach This is a multiple-case study of four interdisciplinary university research teams of small size in which science and/or engineering was an important component. Findings Data analysis revealed 17 critical factors classified into five groups. Although some factors were more influential than others, it was rather multiple factors at various levels of analysis, and not a single factor, that influenced the work of research teams. Another important finding was the identified need to develop project management capacity of university researchers. The study also revealed two strategies, conditioned on the availability of funds, that small university research teams use as a way to adapt to situational demands and research opportunities. Originality/value Although previous research examined various aspects pertinent to the work of industry research teams and large research groups, empirical research into interdisciplinary university research teams of small size has been limited.
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Xia, Jiao Yun, and Jun Long Tang. "Optimized Synthesis of Water-Soluble and Small-Size CdSe Quantum Dots." Advanced Materials Research 266 (June 2011): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.266.46.
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An optimized synthesis route was applied for controlling the preparation of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) in an aqueous solution. Some key factors which influencing the properties of CdSe QDs, such as initial pH, ratio of precursor etc, were investigated. The as-prepared products have been characterized by TEM, XPS, XRD, UV-Vis and fluorescence (FL) spectra. The result showed that the high-quality CdSe QDs with 3 nm was obtained. The experiments also conformed that the CdSe QDs with better FL properties were obtained with properly initial pH, 5, suitably [Cd2+] / [SeSO3 2-], range from 1:0.25 to 1:0.75 and the ratio of [Cd2+] / [TGA] is 1:2~1:3.
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Wang, Ziqing, Dianhua Tang, Haomiao Yang, and Fagen Li. "A public key encryption scheme based on a new variant of LWE with small cipher size." Journal of Systems Architecture 117 (August 2021): 102165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2021.102165.
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Hollander, D. "In Vietnam, Small Family Size Means Better Education Among the Young, but Socioeconomic Factors are Key." International Family Planning Perspectives 24, no. 3 (1998): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3038216.
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DINKEL, C. A. "THE INTERACTION OF COW SIZE WITH GROWTH POTENTIAL OF THE SERVICE SIRE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 1 (1988): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-012.
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Weaning weight and individual feed records for 343 calves produced by 84 cows during an 8-yr period were utilized to evaluate the effects of high- and low-growth-potential sires on the efficiency of large and small cows. Cow efficiency was expressed as a ratio of cows' and calves' TDN consumption for a year divided by the weaning weight of the calf. The design allowed the mating of small and large cows of each of four breed groups to unrelated low- and high-growth-potential bulls. The effects of cow size on cow efficiency were further evaluated by omitting cow size group and the interaction of cow size with sire group from the model and replacing them with the linear and quadratic effects of cow weight and subclass regressions of efficiency on cow weight within sire groups. Results indicated no interaction of cow size with growth potential of the bull, and no effect of cow size group but a significant effect of growth potential of the bull. The inclusion of milk production as a dependent variable indicated that cows produced 0.6–0.8 kg d−1 more milk when bred to the high-growth-potential bull group. None of the quadratic or linear regression coeficients were significant but the subclass regression of cow efficiency on cow weight within the high-growth-potential bull was significantly different from zero and from the coefficient for low-growth-potential bulls. These effects were in the direction which agrees with the concept of complementarity but their values were rather small. Further experimental evaluation of this kind with greater range in weight of sire and dam would be desirable. Key words: Cow efficiency, complementarity, beef cattle
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O. Durham, Marcus, Pruitt R. Durham, and Robert A. Durham. "Triad: A Small-Footprint High Frequency Antenna System Design." Engineering: Open Access 3, no. 3 (2025): 01–06. https://doi.org/10.33140/eoa.03.03.01.
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The objective is to develop high-frequency (HF) antenna systems that are small, unobtrusive, usable in limited space, indoor or portable, not exposed to lightning, easily configurable, requiring only simple tools, minimum install, without climbing, and inexpensive. Construction, tests, and measurements clearly illustrate an HF antenna system can be greatly reduced in size to a couple of meters. Ten circuit design implementations condense HF antennas to a miniscule space, resulting in dramatically lessened environmental impact. A key consideration is changing every antenna element to a tunable inductor. Add inductor elements for wider bandwidth and multi-band. SWR, impedance, and frequency plots illustrate the fascinating performance. Most contemporary antennas are variations of the balanced dipole used by Hertz in 1888 or the unbalanced monopole advocated by Marconi in 1895. Little has changed in high frequency antennas since those early two designs. This design is closely-coupled to the earth, more reminiscent of Tesla. Below 30 MHz, antennas are still largely long-wires with distributed electrical and magnetic properties. All antenna circuits have two electrical connections: 1) the radiator and 2) the electrical return, comprised of the monopole counterpoise or the dipole non-radiating side. More creativity options exist on the return side of the circuit than on the radiator. This article summarizes the NM0D Triad antenna system, which fits all the objectives.
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Sangram, Ray1 and G. P. Biswas2. "Design of Mobile Public Key Infrastructure (M-PKI) Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography." International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS) 3, no. 1 (2022): 13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6982831.
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Recently the demand of mobile phones and their applications are increasing rapidly and as a result, it becomes essential to design and/or improve the existing PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) useful for mobile phones or devices. Since a mobile phone has small screen, low computing power, small storage capacity etc, the present paper proposes an ECC-based mobile-PKI that overcomes these limitations and supports various mobile-based applications, because the use of ECC significantly reduces the computation cost, message size and transmission overhead over RSA based PKI as 160-bit key-size in ECC provides comparable security with 1024-bit key in RSA. Also the proposed method includes a Mobile Home Agent (MHA) per user and a Registration Authority (RA) that further minimize the major work/processing loads of mobile phone and Certificate Authority (CA), respectively. This paper addresses a secure implementation of the proposed M-PKI, whose security analysis against different attacks shows that all attacks are protected. Finally, a comparative study of the M-PKI with the existing PKI is done, which gives satisfactory performance.
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Vidal Olivares, Javier, and María Inés Barbero. "Latin American Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Historical Perspective." Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business 7, no. 1 (2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/jesb2022.1.j097.
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This special issue seeks to appreciate the long-term study of SMEs as key players in the Latin American economies, with contributions on six countries: Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile. This is a representative sample of the Latin American subcontinent’s diversity when it comes to economy size, population, and inequality index. The articles presented spot key topics in the study of Latin American SMEs. This introduction focus on three central issues that arise from those articles: the role of public policies in SME emergence and development, the strategies pursued by these firms to adapt to environment changes, and the links between informality and SME creation.
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Vitkova, Eva, and Gabriela Kocourkova. "Key Financial Indicators by the Size of the Construction Company - Czech Study." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 31, no. 2 (2021): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2021-0021.
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Abstract Statistical data on the values of financial indicators in individual fields in the Czech Republic are provided by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Updated values are issued quarterly. However, within the statistical samples, there are on average 34 companies focusing on construction. Moreover, no document specifies the size of the companies. Although the scientific literature provides basic financial rules, this research has confirmed that companies of different sizes show different values of financial indicators. For this reason, one of the aims of the research described in the article was to verify the hypothesis that companies of different sizes have different approaches to financial management and the other aims was to focus on correlating data on key financial indicators of individual sizes of companies with statistics provided by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Basic methods of financial analysis (vertical analysis), selected ratios and basic statistical methods, which include correlation analysis, were used. The analysis was performed on 30 samples of construction companies, which were divided by size into small, medium and large. The outputs of the research will be further used for the follow-up research.
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Navarro, Teresa, Oualidi Jalal El, and Taleb Mohammed Sghir. "Relationship between seed size and related functional traits in North Saharan Acacia woodlands." Plant Ecology and Evolution 151, no. (1) (2018): 87–95. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1368.
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<b>Background and aims</b> – North Saharan <em>Acacia</em> woodland is a fragile ecosystem altered by desertification and human activities. Little research has been conducted on the ecology of North Saharan <em>Acacia</em> woodland species. Seed size is a key trait to determine germination success, survival rate and establishment of <em>Acacia</em> woodland species under desert constraints.<b>Methods</b> – We analysed seed-size relationships in 42 selected woody plants in four different types of <em>Acacia</em> woodland vegetation which correspond to 26 plant species. We examined the correlation among seed size, fruit size, plant height, leaf size and flowering time and we tested seed size and fruit size variation among growth forms, dispersal modes and mechanisms to prevent dispersal. <b>Key results</b> – Close relationships were found between seed size and fruit size (<em>r</em> = 0. 77**), between fruit size and plant height (<em>r</em> = 0.51**) and between seed size and flowering duration (<em>r</em> = -0.46*) and a weak positive relationship was found between fruit and leaf size. Species with restricted spatial dispersal tended to have smaller seeds and fruits compared to those with well-developed spatial dispersal. Species which disperse and germinate throughout the year tended to have large diaspores, whereas species with seasonal germination tended to have small diaspores. The relationship between seed size and growth form/plant height was strong for gravity-dispersed (barochorous) species secondarily dispersed by vertebrates (<em>Ziziphus lotus</em>), seeds with secondary wind-assisted dispersal (<em>Zilla spinosa</em> subsp. <em>macroptera</em>) and for restricted-dispersal species (<em>Tetraena gaetula</em>). Precocious, short-flowering species that spread dispersal and germination over time (<em>Acacia tortilis</em> subsp. <em>raddiana</em>) tended to have large seeds. Early- and long-flowering herbaceous species tended to have small seeds (<em>Brocchia cinerea</em>).<b>Conclusion</b> – Close relationships are found between seed size and fruit size, between fruit size and plant height and between seed size and flowering duration in Moroccan <em>Acacia</em> woodland species.
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Liu, Yiyang. "Research on key technology of narrow-type double-turn track crawler drilling rig." Vibroengineering Procedia 54 (April 4, 2024): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2024.23985.
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In view of the difficult construction problem of narrow roadway drilling rig, the design plan and technical requirements of the drilling rig were formulated, and the narrow-body double-turn track crawler was developed. The key technologies of the luffing device, the crawler body and the integrated operating valve were introduced. Research and verification of the reliability of the rig through field tests. The rig moves quickly and easily; The cylindrical column-double hydraulic drive turntable luffing device has compact structure; no rubber chuck have simple structure and convenient use which can save maintenance and cost; integrated operating valve have small size and less rubber tube Pipeline, which can be easy to repair; the open large stroke holder have the small width and large opening, which make it high reliability and good neutrality. Development of narrow double turntable crawn rigs, shorten the auxiliary operation time of the rig in a narrow roadway, improves the safety of on-site workers, providing technical support for improving the construction efficiency of narrow road rigs.
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Tan, Peter K. W. "English in Singapore." International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication 1 (January 1, 2012): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.14.
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<strong><strong></strong></strong><p align="LEFT">T<span style="font-family: DejaVuSerifCondensed; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: DejaVuSerifCondensed; font-size: small;">his article discusses the various ways in which it is possible to theorise about </span></span>the varieties of English in the world, in particular Kachru’s (1982) concentric circle model and Schneider’s (2007) phases of development in post-colonial varieties of English and I try to fi t Singapore English into these models, although in both cases there are some <span style="font-family: DejaVuSerifCondensed; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: DejaVuSerifCondensed; font-size: small;">difficulties. I then provide the historical background to </span></span>how English was spread to South-East Asia and note that English is moving towards first-language status. The key phonological, grammatical, lexical and discourse are outlined. I end by discussing some of the key elements to remember when considering non-Anglo Englishes like Singapore English.</p>
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Gillet, Amandine, Bruno Frédérich, and Eric Parmentier. "Divergent evolutionary morphology of the axial skeleton as a potential key innovation in modern cetaceans." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1916 (2019): 20191771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1771.
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Cetaceans represent the most diverse clade of extant marine tetrapods. Although the restructuring of oceans could have contributed to their diversity, other factors might also be involved. Similar to ichthyosaurs and sharks, variation of morphological traits could have promoted the colonization of new ecological niches and supported their diversification. By combining morphological data describing the axial skeleton of 73 cetacean species with phylogenetic comparative methods, we demonstrate that the vertebral morphology of cetaceans is associated with their habitat. All riverine and coastal species possess a small body size, lengthened vertebrae and a low vertebral count compared with open ocean species. Extant cetaceans have followed two distinct evolutionary pathways relative to their ecology. Whereas most offshore species such as baleen whales evolved towards an increased body size while retaining a low vertebral count, small oceanic dolphins underwent deep modifications of their axial skeleton with an extremely high number of short vertebrae. Our comparative analyses provide evidence these vertebral modifications have potentially operated as key innovations. These novelties contributed to their explosive radiation, resulting in an efficient swimming style that provides energetic advantages to small-sized species.
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Hu, Chaowen, Qian Li, Yilong Wang, et al. "Key Technology Research on the Rapid-Molding In-Closed Retaining-Wall in Filling Mining." Shock and Vibration 2022 (April 9, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7317247.
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Filling mining is a main technology of mining coal resources under buildings, and it has a good effect on preventing ground subsidence. Taking Wangtaipu coal mine of the Shanxi Jincheng Anthracite Coal Mining Group as the engineering background, in order to solve the problem of traditional closed brick wall at the end of working face, which consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, and low efficiency, a technology of rapid-molding in-closed retaining-wall was proposed. Through theoretical analysis and engineering analogy, the overall structure and size of the mold bag were designed. Through the experiment of high-water bleeding rate and slurry expansion, it was determined that the best water-cement ratio was 0.85 : 1, and the best additive content was 25 kg/m3. Taking economic factors into consideration, it was determined that liquid sodium silicate was used as the admixture. The XV2308 working face was selected for on-site testing and the on-site monitoring of the roof pressure, the roadway deformation, and the stress of the coal body. The results showed that there was no large area roof pressure on the working face, the coal body was under stable force, the stress concentration coefficient was small, the coal pillar had no plastic failure, and the roadway deformation was small. Through on-site monitoring of ground subsidence, the results showed that the amount of ground movement and deformation were small. The maximum value of subsidence was 12 mm, which could meet the requirements of safety production and had significant economic benefits.
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Ma, Xin-Ming. "Kalirin-7 is a Key Player in the Formation of Excitatory Synapses in Hippocampal Neurons." Scientific World JOURNAL 10 (2010): 1655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.148.
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Kalirin-7 (Kal7), a major isoform of Kalirin in the adult rodent hippocampus, is exclusively localized to the postsynaptic side of mature excitatory synapses in hippocampal neurons. Kal7 interacts with multiple PDZ domain—containing proteins through its unique PDZ binding motif. Overexpression of Kal7 increases spine density and spine size, whereas reduction of endogenous Kal7 expression by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) causes a decrease in synapse number and spine density in cultured hippocampal neurons. Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of Kal7 knockout (Kal7KO) mice show decreased spine density, spine length, synapse number, and postsynaptic density (PSD) size in their apical dendrites; are deficient in long-term potentiation (LTP); and exhibit decreased frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC). Kal7 plays a key role in estrogen-mediated spine/synapse formation in hippocampal neurons. Kal7 is also an essential determinant of dendritic spine formation following chronic cocaine treatment. Kal7 plays a key role in excitatory synapse formation and function.
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Crnoja, Andelko, Vladimir Kersh, Oleg Popov, and Alina Dovhulia. "Laboratory Studies of the Heat-Insulating Properties of the Panels that Made of Recycled Rubber." Key Engineering Materials 864 (September 2020): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.864.66.
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This study examines the thermal insulation properties of panels made from recycled rubber. The reasons, in addition to the use in construction, are environmental protection, sustainable development, energy conservation. The thermal conductivity coefficient λ is the main characteristic, on the basis of which a decision is made on the choice of material as a heat insulator. Materials with λ <0.2 W / (m · K) are heat-insulating. Tested 3 composition of the material of different particle size distribution. It is shown that the key parameters that determine the heat-shielding properties of a material are its density and particle size distribution. It has been confirmed that with decreasing density the insulating properties of materials are improved. Compositions consisting of small grains have the best heat-insulating properties. After samples with grains of small size, in order of deterioration, samples of grains of large size and, finally, samples of mixed particle size distribution follow. The results also showed that the amount of binder in this case is negligible (4.2-7.5%) and practically does not affect the insulating properties of the material. Abstract: This study discusses the thermal insulation properties of panels made from recycled rubber. The reasons, in addition to the use in construction, are environmental protection, sustainable development, energy conservation. The thermal conductivity coefficient λ is the main characteristic, on the basis of which a decision is made on the choice of material as a heat insulator. Materials with λ <0.2 W / (m · K) are heat-insulating. Tested 3 composition of the material of different particle size distribution. It is shown that the key parameters that determine the heat-shielding properties of a material are its density and particle size distribution. It has been confirmed that with decreasing density the insulating properties of materials are improved. Compositions consisting of small grains have the best heat-insulating properties. After samples with grains of small size, in order of deterioration, samples of grains of large size and, finally, samples of mixed particle size distribution follow. The results also showed that the amount of binder in this case is negligible (4.2-7.5%) and practically does not affect the insulating properties of the material.
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Song, Kee Nam. "Size Effect of PHE Prototype on High-Temperature Structural Integrity." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.461.
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PHE (Process Heat Exchanger) is a key component for transferring the high-temperature heat generated from a VHTR (Very High Temperature Reactor) to a chemical reaction for massive production of hydrogen. Recently, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has manufactured a small-scale and a medium-scale PHE prototype made of Hastelloy-X of high-temperature alloy and a performance test on the PHE prototype is scheduled in a small-scale nitrogen gas loop established at KAERI. In this study, in order to compare the high-temperature structural integrity of the PHE prototypes under the normal test condition of the gas loop, high-temperature structural analyses on the PHE prototypes were carried out and the analyses results were compared to each other. As a result of comparisons, the high-temperature structural integrity of the medium-scale PHE prototype gets worse due to higher thermal expansion by a size effect.
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Yoon, Taeseop, Sungkyu Jang, and Junki Lee. "Key Determinants of B udg et E xecution w ith the Political Market Approach: A Case Study of Korean Local Government." GLOBAL BUSINESS FINANCE REVIEW 28, no. 3 (2023): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2023.28.3.85.
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Purpose: This study is aims to analyze relationships among population, resident income, fiscal characteristics, and operating expenses in Korean local governments through investigating factors that affect operating expenses for managing local governments.
 Design/methodology/approach: To examine the factors affecting operating expenses, this study utilizes research framework using key determinants of budget execution in terms of operating expenses with the political market approach. For doing so, this study conducts panel regression analysis using 226 Korean local governments' empirical data during FY2016-FY2020.
 Findings: Analytical results show that population and fiscal factors of local governments do not explain a size of operating expenses; moreover, it reveals that local governments with a small population and fiscal size tend to spend more operating expenses.
 Research limitations/implications: Tis study is initiated based on the hypothesis that decrease of population would lead to decline demands for public goods and public services, which reduce the number of public goods and public services, and it would finally cause the reduction of local governments' operating expenses. However, this study has a limitation regarding to restricting the period of data since FY2016.
 Originality/value: Despite the above limitation, this study reveals that population variables and fiscal variables do not explain a size of operating expenses of Korean local governments. Rather, the analytical result shows that local governments with a small population and fiscal size spend more operating expenses. Therefore, this study suggests that it pays more attention to improving efficiency of organizational operation of local governments in the future.
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Morrison, Malcolm J., and A. G. Xue. "The influence of seed size on soybean yield in short-season regions." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 1 (2007): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-209.
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Two field experiments were done to determine if simple mechanical selection for seed size in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) could improve emergence and yield in short-season regions. Stacked screens with round holes 7.54, 7.14, 6.35 and 5.95 mm in diameter classified seeds into large, medium, small, and unscreened sizes. In exp. 1, small seeds resulted in lower yield than medium, large and unscreened seeds in two out of three cultivars, while in the third cultivar small seeds yielded less than the medium and large seed sizes, but were not significantly different from the unscreened size. In exp. 2, soil texture and seed size had a variable influence on seed emergence, which did not translate into consistent significant yield differences. Future research into mechanically removing small seeds from commercial seed lots is warranted in the short-season region. Key words: Seed size, soil texture, soybean, Glycine max L. Merr.
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Chandler, Gaylen N., and Glenn M. Mcevoy. "Human Resource Management, TQM, and Firm Performance in Small and Medium-Size Enterprises." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 25, no. 1 (2000): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225870002500105.
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This study analyzes the moderating effect of two key human resource practices on the relationship between organizational strategy and firm performance. In a sample of 66 small to medium-sized manufacturing firms we found that a total quality management strategy was most effective when supported by significant training and group-based incentive compensation. This result is discussed in light of the current debate in the field about “best practice” versus “fit” models of human resource management and business strategy.
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Segers, F. H. I. D., G. Berishvili, and B. Taborsky. "Egg size-dependent expression of growth hormone receptor accompanies compensatory growth in fish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1728 (2011): 592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1104.
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Large egg size usually boosts offspring survival, but mothers have to trade off egg size against egg number. Therefore, females often produce smaller eggs when environmental conditions for offspring are favourable, which is subsequently compensated for by accelerated juvenile growth. How this rapid growth is modulated on a molecular level is still unclear. As the somatotropic axis is a key regulator of early growth in vertebrates, we investigated the effect of egg size on three key genes belonging to this axis, at different ontogenetic stages in a mouthbrooding cichlid ( Simochromis pleurospilus ). The expression levels of one of them, the growth hormone receptor ( GHR ), were significantly higher in large than in small eggs, but remarkably, this pattern was reversed after hatching: young originating from small eggs had significantly higher GHR expression levels as yolk sac larvae and as juveniles. GHR expression in yolk sac larvae was positively correlated with juvenile growth rate and correspondingly fish originating from small eggs grew faster. This enabled them to catch up fully in size within eight weeks with conspecifics from larger eggs. This is the first evidence for a potential link between egg size, an important maternal effect, and offspring gene expression, which mediates an adaptive adjustment in a relevant hormonal axis.
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Liu, Chun Tong, Li Bing, Wang Tao, and Hong Cai Li. "Key Technologies Research of New Generation Concentrating Photovoltaic." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.171.
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The new concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) with core technology of III-V multi-junction cells, can significantly reduce the cost of photovoltaic system, and with advantages of high conversion rate, light weight, small size, energy saving and environmental protection, etc, which was widely regarded as the next-generation of solar photovoltaic technology. On the basis of the introduction of related research process, the paper concentrating discuss on the key technologies such as the new efficient multi-junction cells, high performance non-imaging concentrated light technology and sun tracking system, and propose the appropriate technical solutions, which can provide reference for the application and dissemination of the new generation concentrating photovoltaic.
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Hari, Danielle M., Heidi M. Hari Reich, Anna Mary Leung, et al. "Small bowel carcinoid: Location isn’t everything." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 4_suppl (2013): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.4_suppl.292.
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292 Background: Contemporary data has revealed that small bowel carcinoid (SBC) accounts for the majority of gastrointestinal carcinoids. However, data remains limited regarding prognostic factors that impact survival for SBC patients. Using a population-based analysis, we investigate the significance of the primary site of disease for SBC. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for histologically confirmed SBC between the years 1988 and 2009. Patients were excluded if adequate demographic and staging information was unknown. Overall and disease survival curves (OS and DSS respectively) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using Log rank testing. Log rank and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify predictors of survival using age, year of diagnosis, race, gender, tumor histology/size/location, TNM stage, number of lymph nodes (LNs) examined and percent of LNs with metastases. Results: Of the 3,834 patients analyzed, the mean age was 62.13 years and 51.2% were male. Median follow up was 50 months. The 10-year OS (63%) and DSS (91%) for duodenal primaries was statistically significant when compared to jejunal (53%, 74%), ileal (50%, 68%) and overlapping primaries (50%, 78%), (p = 0.0290 and < 0.0001, respectively). However, more the 90% of duodenal primaries had stage I and II disease only. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for multiple factors, primary site location was not a significant predictor of survival (p = 0.948 for OS and = 0.625 DSS) while TNM stage, age, tumor size and number of LNs examined portend improved OS and DSS. Conclusions: This population-based study of SBC over the past 30 years refutes the concept that the location of the SBC influences survival. A key element to consider is that more than 90% of duodenal primaries present at early stages. Further screening and diagnostic methods to detect other SBC primary sites could significantly impact survival.
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JALOTE, PANKAJ, ASHOK K. MITTAL, and RAM GOPAL PRAJAPAT. "ON OPTIMUM MODULE SIZE FOR SOFTWARE INSPECTIONS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 14, no. 03 (2007): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539307002659.
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Inspection is widely believed to be one of the most cost-effective methods for detection of defects in the work products produced during software development. However, the inspection process, by its very nature, is labor intensive and for delivering value, they have to be properly executed and controlled. While controlling the inspection process, the inspection module size is a key control parameter. Larger module size can lead to an increased leakage of defects which increases the cost since rework in the subsequent phases is more expensive. Small module size reduces the defect leakage but increases the number of inspections. In this paper, we formulate a cost model for an inspection process using which the total cost can be minimized. We then use the technique of Design of Experiments to study how the optimum module size varies with some of the key parameters of the inspection process, and determine the optimum module size for different situations.
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Karácsony, Peter, Alexander Tsoy, Janos Meszaros, and Kuralay Nurgaliyeva. "Analysis of factors influencing innovation of Hungarian small and medium-sized enterprises." Problems and Perspectives in Management 23, no. 1 (2025): 635–42. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.23(1).2025.47.
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Innovation is vital in the modern economic environment, as it aims to improve the operational efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability of enterprises. The study aimed to examine the innovation activity of Hungarian small and medium-sized enterprises and the most important factors influencing their innovation. The paper employed a questionnaire survey in the spring of 2024. During the survey, a total of 253 companies were interviewed about their innovation factors. Based on the results, the innovation activity of the Hungarian SME sector shows a developing tendency. A positive attitude toward innovation is increasingly present among SMEs. More than half of the respondents (53%) believe that innovation plays a key role in maintaining competitiveness. However, in practice, almost two-thirds (58%) of managers do not involve their employees in innovation processes, or only partially, suggesting that companies’ decision-making processes remain centralized. Statistical analyses showed that neither the companies’ size nor age showed a significant correlation with innovation. However, the research results showed a close relationship between innovation and the use of knowledge transfer. This result shows that knowledge management plays a decisive role in the innovation processes of Hungarian small and medium-sized enterprises. AcknowledgmentsThis study is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant “Strategy of structural and technological modernization of the basic sectors of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan based on ESG: criteria, mechanisms and forecast scenario” No. BR24993089).
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SCHÖNBERGER, MARIUS. "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES: IDENTIFYING KEY APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES." Journal of Business Management 21 (2023): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.32025/jbm23004.
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Purpose. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in the global economy, yet they often face significant challenges in implementing cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) due to limited resources and expertise. This study aims to address this gap by identifying the most important applications of AI for SMEs, exploring their benefits and challenges and assessing their impact on business processes. Design/methodology/approach. A quantitative research approach was employed, including an online survey distributed through various social media platforms. The survey, which was conducted in May2023, used a standardized questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The survey data were analysed using statistical methods to identify patterns and trends in AI adoption among German SMEs, with a particular focus on their experiences, challenges, and perceived benefits of AI implementation. Findings. The results of this study highlight the most important AI applications for SMEs in various professions and business activities, including virtual assistants, recommendation systems, and machine learning. The study also highlights the benefits of these applications, such as improved efficiency, productivity, and decision-making, as well as the challenges they present, such as privacy concerns and the need for specialized skills. Research limitations/implications. The study is limited by the sample size and the self-reported data collected through an online survey. The findings may not be generalizable to all industries and regions. The implications of this study are that SMEs need to carefully consider the potential benefits and challenges of AI before implementing it in their processes. Originality/value. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the most important AI applications for SMEs and their impact on business processes. Thus, this research serves scientists as a theoretical basis for future research in the field of AI implementation in SMEs. Furthermore, the findings have practical implications for SMEs considering implementing AI in their operations. Keywords: artificial intelligence, SME, digitalization, business processes.
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Delponte, Ilaria. "Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAPs) of 32 small and very small Italian municipalities: focus on the transport sector." ARCHIVIO DI STUDI URBANI E REGIONALI, no. 130 (March 2021): 118–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/asur2021-130007.
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Growing interest in the environmental impact has motivated the launch of the Covenant of Mayors', a voluntary agreement aimed at meeting the 20% EU CO2 emission reduction targets for 2020. Its key instrument is the Sustainable Energy Action Plan: this survey ex-amines the plans of 32 Italian small and very small municipalities in the Liguria, between the coastline and the countryside. The goal is to provide a comparative reading of the SEAPs and hypothesize some rationales about location and size.
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Zhao, Yi-Bo, and Zhen-Qiang Yin. "Apply current exponential de Finetti theorem to realistic quantum key distribution." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 33 (January 2014): 1460370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514603706.
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In the realistic quantum key distribution (QKD), Alice and Bob respectively get a quantum state from an unknown channel, whose dimension may be unknown. However, while discussing the security, sometime we need to know exact dimension, since current exponential de Finetti theorem, crucial to the information-theoretical security proof, is deeply related with the dimension and can only be applied to finite dimensional case. Here we address this problem in detail. We show that if POVM elements corresponding to Alice and Bob's measured results can be well described in a finite dimensional subspace with sufficiently small error, then dimensions of Alice and Bob's states can be almost regarded as finite. Since the security is well defined by the smooth entropy, which is continuous with the density matrix, the small error of state actually means small change of security. Then the security of unknown-dimensional system can be solved. Finally we prove that for heterodyne detection continuous variable QKD and differential phase shift QKD, the collective attack is optimal under the infinite key size case.
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Seiwa, Kenji, and Kihachiro Kikuzawa. "Phenology of tree seedlings in relation to seed size." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 3 (1991): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-072.
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Vertical growth patterns and leaf dynamics of seedlings of 31 deciduous broad-leaved tree species with different seed sizes were examined under either open or shaded conditions. Seed size positively affected initial seedling height and leaf longevity, and negatively affected duration of leaf emergence and leaf-turnover rate. Large-seeded species completed shoot elongation and almost all of their annual leaf production in a short period, irrespective of shading. Small-seeded species attained maximum heights similar to those of large-seeded species under open conditions by having a longer duration of leaf emergence, higher resource allocation to leaf production, and rapid leaf turnover. However, leaf-production and leaf-turnover rates were reduced by shading for small-seeded species, a trait that resulted in lower final seedling heights for small- versus large-seeded species. In small-seeded species, maximum seedling growth was attained only under open conditions through changes in the phenology of leaf dynamics. In contrast, growth of large-seeded species was independent of the effect of light limitation. The importance of seed size in determining seedling establishment success depends on the relationships between seasonal change of environmental light conditions and characteristics of seedling phenology, which are related to seed size. Key words: seed size, tree seedlings, leaf dynamics, phenology, establishment strategies.