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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 7 czerwca 2025

Data aktualizacji: 2 sierpnia 2025

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1

Verkuil, Paul R. Outsourcing sovereignty: Why privatization of government function threatens democracy and what we can do about it. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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Semenova, Nadezhda, Svetlana Busalova, Ol'ga Eremina, and Svetlana Makeikina. State and municipal finance. 2nd ed. Publishing Center RIOR, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/01962-7.

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The textbook reveals the theoretical and practical foundations of the organization of state and municipal finances. It examines the economic role and functions of the state, the current state of the state and municipal sectors of the economy, public financial management, the essence of the budget and state extra-budgetary funds, and the organization of the budget process. The priorities and main directions of development of the budget structure and budget system of the Russian Federation, trends in the development of the state's sovereign funds as a monetary resource are analyzed. Particular a

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Semenova, Nadezhda, Svetlana Artemyeva, Svetlana Busalova, Ol'ga Eremina, and Svetlana Makeikina. State and municipal finance. Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/01853-8.

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The textbook reveals the theoretical and practical foundations of the organization of state and municipal finance. It examines the economic role and functions of the state, the current state of the state and municipal sectors of the economy, public finance management, the essence of the budget and state extra-budgetary funds, the organization of the budget process. Priorities and main directions of development of the budget structure and budget system of the Russian Federation, tendencies of development of sovereign funds of the state as a monetary resource are analyzed. Special attention is p

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Plümmer, Franziska. Rethinking Authority in China’s Border Regime. Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726351.

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In the 21st century, governments around the globe are faced with the question on how to tackle new migratory mobilities. Governments increasingly become aware of irregular immigration and are forced to re-negotiate the dilemma of open but secure borders. Rethinking Authority in China’s Border Regime: Regulating the Irregular investigates the Chinese government’s response to this phenomenon. Hence, this book presents a comprehensive analysis of the Chinese border regime. It explores the regulatory framework of border mobility in China by analysing laws, institutions, and discourses as part of a

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Bruce-Clark, Peter, and Ashby H. B. Monk. Sovereign Development Funds. Edited by Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.30.

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In a slowing global economy with diminished confidence in the long-term prospects of public financial markets, many institutional investors are looking for innovative, and often private, investment strategies to meet expected return targets. One source of potential inspiration has, perhaps surprisingly, come from the community of sovereign development funds. SDFs are strategic, government-sponsored investment organizations with dual objective functions: to deliver high financial performance, while fostering development. Despite expectations that this dual function inevitably leads to financial

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Cumming, Douglas, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Sovereign Wealth Funds. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.001.0001.

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Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) represent both an increasingly important—and potentially dominant—category of alternative investor, and a novel form for governments to project their interests both at home and abroad. As such, they represent both economic actors and embody power vested in the financial and diplomatic resources they can leverage. Although at times they have acted in concert with other alternative investors, their intergenerational savings function should, in theory at least, promote more long-termist thinking. However, they may be impelled toward greater short termism in response

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Clark, Gordon L., and Adam D. Dixon. Sovereign Wealth Funds and the Global Political Economy of Trust and Legitimacy. Edited by Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.18.

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This chapter unpacks the concepts of trust and legitimacy as they pertain to sovereign funds in the global political economy. Its argument is divided into three parts. First, the importance of trust in finance and geopolitics, and the critical role of transparency, and how this relates to sovereign funds. Second, the legitimacy of sovereign funds at home and abroad in general with particular reference to how the regulatory regime surrounding public institutional investors in developed democracies is emulated in the Santiago Principles, and why it is significant for understanding the legitimacy

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Lessay, Franck. Tolerance as a Dimension of Hobbes’s Absolutism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803409.003.0005.

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The sovereign’s unlimited power, including in religious matters, was a logical consequence of Hobbes’s politics. Yet this chapter argues that by making civil peace the criterion by which public doctrines must be appraised, instead of intrinsic truth or the citizens’ salvation, Hobbes restricted the sovereign’s mission in the field of religion to a secular preoccupation, thus legitimizing a policy of non-interference with theological debates. Besides, Hobbes’s ecclesiology tended to transform the church into a mere function of the state, while a comprehensive structure like the Church of Englan

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Stilz, Anna. Territorial Sovereignty. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833536.001.0001.

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This book offers a qualified defense of a territorial states system. It argues that three core values—occupancy, basic justice, and collective self-determination—are served by an international system made up of self-governing, spatially defined political units. The defense is qualified because the book does not actually justify all of the sovereignty rights states currently claim and that are recognized in international law. Instead, the book proposes important changes to states’ sovereign prerogatives, particularly with respect to internal autonomy for political minorities, immigration, and n

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Balke, Friedrich. Carl Schmitt and Modernity. Edited by Jens Meierhenrich and Oliver Simons. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199916931.013.37.

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Carl Schmitt’s political and juridical thought is anchored in a specific diagnosis of modernity. He develops the concept of the political because of how the location and address of the political become fundamentally questionable under modern conditions. Romanticism disempowers the state, the government, indeed all political-public structures and processes, turning them into mere “scenery” or simulacrums that hide an actual or substantial reality. This chapter traces the continued effects of Schmitt’s thought on various diagnoses of a political dialectic of modernity. Each has the changing form

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Weinert, Matthew. Ethics and Sovereignty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.387.

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Literature concentrated on sovereignty’s location laid the groundwork for the distinctive sort of ethical detachment that has characterized sovereignty in international relations (IR). While it is customary to refer to sovereign absolutism as linking a logic of prerogative with sovereignty, mainstream IR theory has reproduced its own variation on the theme and done little until recently to decouple the two. Yet beginning in the late 1970s, the literature began to entertain the idea that interdependence and globalization impede, constrain, corrode, or diminish the core assumptions of sovereignt

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Jeutner, Valentin. Irresolvable Norm Conflicts in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808374.001.0001.

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Conventionally, international legal scholarship concerned with norm conflicts focusses on identifying how international law can or should resolve them. This book adopts a different approach. It focusses on identifying those norm conflicts that law cannot and should not resolve. The book offers an unprecedented, controversial, yet sophisticated, argument in favour of construing such irresolvable conflicts as legal dilemmas. Legal dilemmas exist when a legal actor confronts a conflict between at least two legal norms that cannot be avoided or resolved. Addressing both academics and practitioners

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Ciorciari, John D. Sovereignty Sharing in Fragile States. Stanford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503613669.001.0001.

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This book examines “sovereignty-sharing” in fragile states, focusing on ventures in which domestic and international actors share authority to provide basic public services and build the rule of law. It examines how and why these ventures are created, designed, and implemented and what determines their perceived legitimacy and effectiveness. The book shows that sovereignty sharing can help address governance gaps under certain conditions, but that apportioning core sovereign functions remains difficult, as national and international partners bring different capacities, norms, and policy priori

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Anton, Donald K. International Environmental Law. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781784716301.

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International custom “as evidence of a general practice accepted as law”, is considered one of the two main sources of international law as it primarily derives from the conduct of sovereign States, but is also closely connected with the role of the international judge when identifying the applicable customary rule, a function it shares with the bodies in charge of its codification (and progressive development), starting with the International Law Commission. Though mainly considered to be general international law, international custom has a complex relationship with many specific fields of l

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Dupuy, Pierre-Marie. Customary International Law. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781788118910.

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International custom “as evidence of a general practice accepted as law”, is considered one of the two main sources of international law as it primarily derives from the conduct of sovereign States, but is also closely connected with the role of the international judge when identifying the applicable customary rule, a function it shares with the bodies in charge of its codification (and progressive development), starting with the International Law Commission. Though mainly considered to be general international law, international custom has a complex relationship with many specific fields of l

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Sizemore, Michelle. IntroductionTo Hover Like God. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627539.003.0001.

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Until the Atlantic revolutions, the monarch’s body had served as the site of sovereign power and the substantial symbol of society. After losing this ground of unity, writes Claude Lefort, “the locus of power becomes an empty place”: “it cannot be occupied—[ . . . ] it cannot be represented.” Political theorists conventionally argue that public space replaces the common body of the people once figured by the king. Yet as the introduction argues, this spatial-realist model neglects the temporal and numinous dimensions of the democratic void. If change is a central principle of the people, then

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Svantesson, Dan Jerker B. Understanding the Functions of Jurisdictional Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795674.003.0006.

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This chapter takes us into the domain of legal theory and legal philosophy as it places the questions of Internet jurisdiction in a broader theoretical, and indeed philosophical, context. Indeed, it goes as far as to (1) present a definition of what is law, (2) discuss what are the law’s tools, and (3) to describe the roles of law. In addition, it provides distinctions important for how we understand the role of jurisdictional rules both in private international law and in public international law as traditionally defined. Furthermore, it adds law reform tools by introducing and discussing the

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Stanzel, Volker, ed. New Realities in Foreign Affairs. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845299501.

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Modern diplomacy is extending its activities into many spheres and is itself being exposed to unprecedented influences: the factors that are shaking up our societies are having an impact on governance as well, be it digitisation, the emotionalised sensitivities of the public or non-diplomatic international actors. Such developments need to be absorbed by diplomacy in order for it to continue to function as part of modern governance and for it to inform both governments and the societies they represent. Governments would do well to develop forms of mediation and ways of reconciling interests. T

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Stanzel, Volker, ed. Die neue Wirklichkeit der Außenpolitik. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748900627.

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Modern diplomacy is extending its activities into many spheres and is itself being exposed to unprecedented influences: the factors that are shaking up our societies are having an impact on governance as well, be it digitisation, the emotionalised sensitivities of the public or non-diplomatic international actors. Such developments need to be absorbed by diplomacy in order for it to continue to function as part of modern governance and for it to inform both governments and the societies they represent. Governments would do well to develop forms of mediation and ways of reconciling interests. T

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Neelanjan, Maitra. Part VIII The Government’s Legal Personality, Ch.54 Sovereign Immunity. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704898.003.0054.

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This chapter examines the doctrine of sovereign immunity and the related ‘Sovereign Functions’ doctrine in India. It begins with an overview of the text of Article 300 of the Indian Constitution and proceeds with a brief survey of the case law on sovereign immunity that preceded the adoption of the Constitution. It then revisits some early attempts to revise the law on sovereign immunity in the post-Independence period, before discussing the judicial treatment of sovereign immunity and how the Indian Supreme Court has dealt with the constraints imposed by its own precedents, along with the Cou

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21

Lister, Matthew. Contract, Treaty, and Sovereignty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922542.003.0015.

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It is a common charge that treaties, perhaps especially recent treaties relating to economic activity, provide unreasonable restrictions on the sovereignty of the state parties. When a tribunal judging a dispute on an economic treaty tells a state that it may no longer make decisions such as to accept or reject genetically modified foods, allow internet gambling, or produce generic drugs, the citizens of the state may rightfully think they have lost important aspects of sovereignty to bodies that do not have legitimate authority to govern. This, in turn, makes negotiating treaties, despite the

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Lichtenstein, Nelson. Bashing Public Employees and Their Unions. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037856.003.0015.

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This chapter considers the idea of governmental “sovereignty,” as used by the right, to undermine the rationale for collective bargaining in the public sector. From the Boston Police Strike of 1919 forward, conservatives have considered the organization of government workers to be incompatible with the sovereign status of those entities sustained by taxes and elected by the populace. Public employee unions subverted the will of elected officeholders and undermined state power. That antiunion ideology faded in the two decades after 1958 when public employee unionism grew by leaps and bounds, bu

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Southgate, Laura. ASEAN Resistance to Sovereignty Violation. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529202205.001.0001.

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This book investigates the history of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) stance on external intervention in regional affairs. It asks when has ASEAN state resistance to sovereignty challenges succeeded, and when have they failed? ASEAN’s history of (non)resistance is understood in terms of a realist theoretical logic, focusing on the relationship between an ASEAN ‘vanguard state’ and selected external powers. A ‘vanguard state’ is defined as an ASEAN state that comes to the fore of the Association when it has vital interests at stake that it wishes to pursue. Whilst a state’s

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Ivor, Roberts. Book II Diplomatic and Consular Relations, 5 Functions of Diplomatic Missions and Consulates. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739104.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the functions of diplomatic missions and the performance of consular functions by diplomatic missions. Under long established principles of international law now codified in Article 2 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, the establishment of diplomatic relations between States and the establishment of permanent diplomatic missions take place by mutual consent. The right to send and receive diplomatic agents flows from recognition as a sovereign State and was formerly known as the right of legation (ius legationis). Furthermore, it is in modern practice highly

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Verkuil, Paul R. Outsourcing Sovereignty: Why Privatization of Government Functions Threatens Democracy and What We Can Do about It. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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Verkuil, Paul R. Outsourcing Sovereignty: Why Privatization of Government Functions Threatens Democracy and What We Can Do about It. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Verkuil, Paul R. Outsourcing Sovereignty: Why Privatization of Government Functions Threatens Democracy and What We Can Do about It. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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Outsourcing Sovereignty: Why Privatization of Government Functions Threatens Democracy and What We Can Do about It. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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Outsourcing Sovereignty: Why Privatization of Government Functions Threatens Democracy and What We Can Do about It. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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Due-Gundersen, Nicolai. Privatization of Warfare and Inherently Governmental Functions: Private Military Companies in Iraq and the State Monopoly of Regulated Force. Intersentia Limited, 2016.

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Swann, Thomas. Anarchist Cybernetics. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529208788.001.0001.

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Through a focus on control (self-organisation) and communication (alternative social media platforms), Anarchist Cybernetics explores the structures and functions of radically participatory and democratic organisation. Discussing some of the structures that organisations can build that allow their members to directly control how the organisation behaves, the book takes inspiration from an often-misunderstood concept: cybernetics. Building of the work of cybernetician Stafford Beer and providing a radical reading of his Viable System Model, Anarchist Cybernetics makes a unique and timely contri

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Eileen, Denza. Exemption of Official Fees from Taxation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703969.003.0029.

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This chapter explores Article 28 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The Article states that the fees and charges levied by the diplomatic mission in the course of its official duties shall be exempt from all dues and taxes. The Article serves as one of the fastest to finalize by the International Law Commission, as the principle of exempting tax during a diplomatic mission is universally accepted between sovereign States. For the most part, fees and charges levied by a diplomatic mission are likely to relate to functions which might be regarded as consular in nature—for example,

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Shepherd, Laura J. The Concept and Practice of Peacebuilding at the UN and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199982721.003.0002.

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This chapter outlines what the author thinks the United Nations thinks it thinks about peacebuilding, investigating the different ways in which peacebuilding is represented as both concept and practice in the corpus of data. The author argues that UN peacebuilding discourse functions to (re)produce a narrow construction of peacebuilding as statebuilding, which is bound by constrictive logics of both gender and space that ascribe to the (notionally sovereign) state a degree of power, authority, and legitimacy, but ultimately leave undisturbed the hierarchies operative in the international syste

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Moses, Jonathon W., and Bjørn Letnes. Wealth Management. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787174.003.0007.

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This chapter deals with another aspect of wealth management: the utility of petroleum investment funds (or sovereign wealth funds) to protect the domestic economy from Dutch Disease and the volatility of government revenues derived from oil. Hence, it functions as a companion to Chapter 6. After a general introduction to the literature on petroleum funds, the second part of the chapter examines the size and nature of Norway’s Government Pension Fund, Global (GPFG); and how the revenues from this fund are carefully reintroduced into the Norwegian economy via the government’s “budgetary rule” (h

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Department of Defense. Cryptocurrency and State Sovereignty - Comprehensive Review of Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Virtual Currency Technology, Hash Functions, Merkle Trees, and Security, Government Bans and Regulations. Independently Published, 2018.

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Rummens, Stefan. Populism as a Threat to Liberal Democracy. Edited by Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.013.27.

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This chapter argues that liberal democracy and populism, despite both being committed to the idea of popular sovereignty, rely on incompatible conceptualizations of the demos and, consequently, embody antagonistic and irreconcilable understandings of the concept of democracy. It subsequently challenges the wide-spread assumption that populism might have beneficial effects. Although populism operates as a symptom, signaling an underlying malfunctioning of our liberal democratic system, it can never itself function as the remedial corrective. Instead, it should be considered an important threat

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Drelichman, Mauricio, and Hans-Joachim Voth. Lending to the Borrower from Hell. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691151496.001.0001.

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Why do lenders time and again loan money to sovereign borrowers who promptly go bankrupt? When can this type of lending work? As the United States and many European nations struggle with mountains of debt, historical precedents can offer valuable insights. This book looks at one famous case—the debts and defaults of Philip II of Spain. Ruling over one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, King Philip defaulted four times. Yet he never lost access to capital markets and could borrow again within a year or two of each default. Exploring the shrewd reasoning of the lenders who cont

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Grimm, Dieter. The Role of National Parliaments in the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805120.003.0009.

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This chapter examines the role of national parliaments in the European Union. It first considers the general trend towards de-parliamentarization in the EU before describing the European situation by distinguishing three separate phases, in which the national parliaments have different functions: the transfer of sovereign rights from the Member States to the EU, the exercise of those transferred rights by the EU, and the implementation of European decisions by the Member States. The chapter then explores the question of whether the European Parliament is capable of compensating at the European

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Dudai, Ron. Penality in the Underground. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759409.001.0001.

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Abstract Secret informers are often the biggest threat faced by underground rebel groups, which must respond to this challenge in order to survive. Using the IRA as a case-study, Penality in the Underground offers a systematic, in-depth, analysis of this phenomenon, providing an empirical and theoretical account of the causes, forms, functions and effects of the underground response to informers. While superficial media images tend to depict only ruthless killings, the book argues—using the lens of ‘punishment and society’ and drawing on rich interviews with IRA members and on archival sources

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Joanne, Foakes, and Denza Eileen. Book III Privileges and Immunities, 13 Privileges and Immunities of Diplomatic Missions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739104.003.0013.

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This chapter provides an overview of diplomatic privileges and immunities. Two fundamental rules of diplomatic law—that the person of the ambassador is inviolable and that a special protection must be given to the messages which are sent to and received from the ambassador’s sovereign—have been recognized from time immemorial among civilized States. The law of nations—now known as public international law—required States which accepted foreign diplomats to guarantee rights necessary to enable them to exercise their functions, including independence from local jurisdiction. It was important tha

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Cheng, Christine. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199673346.003.0009.

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After war, rebuilding the state’s presence—or building it up for the first time—is both a physical and social endeavor requiring new norms of compliance and cooperation. Local authority is deeply contested and the state typically has minimal presence. These conditions are akin to those described in the state of nature. To escape these conditions, Hobbes and Locke argued for the necessity of a sovereign to impose order and impartial justice to form what I call the kernel of the state. Extralegal groups orient societies in that direction by performing a set of visible and hidden functions in con

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Manning, George C. Anger in the Sagas of Icelanders. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198970637.001.0001.

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Abstract Anger in the Sagas of Icelanders examines the presentation of anger in the Íslendingasögur (‘Sagas of Icelanders’) and associated Íslendingaþættir (‘Tales of Icelanders’), a remarkable Old Norse–Icelandic corpus of texts written down in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries that detail conflicts and feuds of Icelanders during the late ninth, tenth, and early eleventh centuries. It first shows how various unqualified involuntary somatic responses, facial expressions, and bodily movements frequently indicate angry experience in the sagas, before arguing that anger’s mode of expression

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Marcella, Firmini, and Smith Jennifer. Part II Institutions and Constitutional Change, A The Crown and the Executive, Ch.6 The Crown in Canada. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0006.

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In Canada, the monarch is habitually, albeit erroneously, considered a figurehead in the nation’s system of government. In fact, in a constitutional monarchy, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II’s capacity as head of state means that her position is substantive, not merely superficial. Certainly, the Constitution affirms that all executive authority is vested in her. Therefore, it is important to realize the scope and substance of the sovereign’s authority which is often underappreciated. We trace the development of the Crown in Canada, in particular the changes the institution experienced as the c

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Scobbie, Iain. Legal Theory As a Source of International Law. Edited by Samantha Besson and Jean d’Aspremont. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198745365.003.0024.

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This chapter argues that legal theory provides conceptions of the sources of international law that differ according to time and place. It employs Neil MacCormick’s explanation of institutional order to argue that conceptual understandings of law, including international law, are socially constructed. The chapter starts from John Austin’s denial that international law possesses the quality of law and then considers the function that sovereignty has played in some explanations of international law and its sources. Afterwards, the analysis focuses on the paradigm shift that Hugo Grotius introduc

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Powers, Shawn M., and Michael Jablonski. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039126.003.0009.

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This book has argued that the real cyber war is a competition among different political economies of the information society. It has shown how discourses of “internet freedom” serve to legitimize a particular political economy of globalism and how the increasingly vocal call for information sovereignty serves a legitimating function for state efforts to govern highly complex societies in a world wired for globally instantaneous communications. By emphasizing four lines of conceptual inquiry—history, social totality, moral philosophy, and praxis—a political-economy framework places the internet

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Cronin, Bruce. Treaty Law: New Trends. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.355.

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Treaties are agreements between sovereign states, and occasionally between states and international organizations. Treaties can include conventions, covenants, charters, and statutes, all of which are legally binding under international law. There are two main types of treaties: bilateral and multilateral. Bilateral agreements are concluded by a limited number of states (usually two), and typically address a narrow set of issues that are unique to specific parties and particular circumstances. Multilateral treaties, on the other hand, establish generalized principles of conduct that apply to a

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Rosa, Lastra. International Financial and Monetary Law. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199671090.001.0001.

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This book studies the international monetary and financial system from a legal perspective. The new edition has been renamed to reflect the book's breadth of coverage, which includes an in-depth study of central banking, a fresh look at supervision, regulation and crisis management after the global financial crisis and updated material on the law of the European Central Bank (and its responses to the twin banking and sovereign debt crisis in the eurozone), Banking Union, the law of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and work undertaken by international standard-setters, in particular the Fi

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Barker, J. Craig. In Praise of a Self-Contained Regime. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795940.003.0003.

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This chapter is dedicated to the challenges which the VCDR, fifty years into its existence, faces in a world marked by a globalized economy and rapid technological developments. The author reflects on new diplomatic processes which have emerged through the creation of governmental and non-governmental institutions and on notions such as collaborative, public, and cultural diplomacy which have challenged accepted understandings of the role and functions of traditional diplomacy. Barker also explores the fact that international law itself is changing from a system regulating co-existing sovereig

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Brandzel, Amy L. In and Out of Time. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040030.003.0005.

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This chapter uses the Supreme Court decisions that were announced in June of 2013 to showcase the anti-intersectionalities of citizenship and the ways in which anti-intersectionality functions through temporality. While many gays, lesbians, and their allies celebrated two decisions (United States v. Windsor and Hollingsworth v. Perry) for upholding same-sex marriage rights, indigenous and antiracist activists, scholars, and allies bemoaned the decisions that dismantled the Voting Rights Act (Shelby County v. Holder), delimited affirmative action programs (Fisher v. University of Texas), and er

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Stack, Trevor, and Rose Luminiello, eds. Engaging Authority. Rowman & Littlefield, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881813956.

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Engaging Authority: Citizenship and Political Community aims to explore how authority is entailed in different versions of citizenship and political community. Who or what claims authority in the name of “a people,” and to what effect? What kind and scope of authority is claimed? And who is held to be part of such a people”? Engaging Authority brings together scholars from anthropology, constitutional studies, cultural studies, politics, political theory, sociology, and philosophy in a collaborative project to develop a multifaceted understanding of citizenship in political community. The volu

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