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Kim, Jihye. "A Study of the Derived Forms of “Loanwords + -Doeda/-Danghada/-Sikida”." Korean Association for Literacy 13, no. 5 (2022): 507–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37736/kjlr.2022.10.13.5.17.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the acceptance pattern of the parts of speech of loanwords and the restrictions on the derived forms of the loanwords by targeting the verbs formed by combining the suffixes -doeda (되다) , -danghada (당하다), and -sikida (시키다) with the roots of loanwords in Korean. The pattern of acceptance of loanwords can be divided into three types according to the word’s part of speech in the source language. First, when loanwords are nouns in the original language, the word is derived by combining loan words with the derivation suffixes -doeda/-danghada/-sikida without changing the part of speech. Second, when loanwords are verbs in the source language, they are accepted as roots that cannot be used independently in Korean; verbs are derived from loanwords by combining the latter with the suffixes -doeda/-danghada/-sikida. Third, when loanwords are adjectives in the source language, they are accepted as roots that cannot be used independently in Korean. Verbs are then derived by combining these loanwords with the suffixes -doeda/-danghada/-sikida. On the other hand, restrictions on the derived forms of loanwords can be divided along two dimensions. First, there is a semantic restriction regarding the use of the passive and causative affixes: -doeda/-danghada functions to reduce the verb’s valency and semantically adds the meaning of [passive]; contrariwise, -sikida functions to increase the verb’s valency and adds the meaning of [causative] semantically. Second, there is a binding restriction according to the part of speech of the root, such that the part of speech of the loanword in the source language is retained as much as possible.
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Chojnicka, Joanna. "Latvian verbs of speaking and their relations to evidentiality." Kalbotyra 69, no. 69 (2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/klbt.2016.10367.
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The paper offers a functional analysis of three Latvian verbs of speaking used in their indicative third person forms – saka, runā and stāsta ‘say(s), speak(s) and talk(s)’ – based on the Latvian language corpus online (www.korpuss.lv) and, additionally, on examples excerpted from Internet discourse. The article discusses semantic and syntactic similarities and differences between these words, the functions of particular constructions distinguished according to specific syntactic criteria (presence vs. absence of a subject), and the use of these verbs in combination with the Latvian verb form traditionally associated with (potential) evidential meanings, the oblique (atstāstījuma izteiksme). While the use of verbs of speaking for introducing reported speech is seen as unproblematic, the relationship between verba dicendi and evidentiality requires more attention and remains in focus throughout this study. In order to offer an in-depth overview of the nature of this relationship, the relations between reported speech and evidentiality, as well as the oblique and evidentiality, are also briefly considered. The paper concludes that the possibility of the three verbs functioning as evidential markers depends on considerations of theoretical/terminological nature (how to define evidentiality, should reported speech be considered part of it, etc.) and also, to some extent, on the way the subject is realized in verba dicendi constructions (specific human agent vs. non-specific empty subject and absent or zero subject).
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Лю, Л. "Semantic dynamic analysis of command speech act verbs." Russkii iazyk za rubezhom, no. 3(292) (June 30, 2022): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37632/pi.2022.292.3.007.
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Большой класс глаголов побудительных речевых актов, глаголы командных речевых актов не только обладают признаком «речь», но и могут передавать определенное намерение адресанта. Данные глаголы отличаются от других глаголов побудительных речевых актов степенью интенсивности силы. В этой работе данные глаголы проанализированы с точки зрения семантики, познания и прагматики, рассмотрены связанные с человеком факторы, содержащиеся в семантической структуре данных глаголов. Command speech act verbs is an important verb in imperative speech act verbs. It has a characteristic speech in words and deeds do things to convey the speaker’s particular intent, by this make the speaker's mental state pointing to the recipient or associated with the recipient. Because of their language forces, command speech act verbs is different from other types of imperative speech act verbs. This paper do dynamic analysis deeply to semantics, cognitive and pragmatic aspects in command speech act verbs, fully taking into account the «people» factors in semantic structure of such class, to grasp such verbs overall and providing reference to study other imperative speech act verbs.
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Darzhaeva, Nadezhda B. "Семантическая обусловленность структуры конструкций с глаголами речи". Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 13, № 3 (2021): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-3-577-589.
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Introduction. Explanatory constructions in the Buryat language, namely, those with verbs of speech as their main predicate, have not been studied in detail so far. Their systematic study involves a detailed analysis of both the semantics of the predicate of the main clause and the structure of the entire construction. The purpose of the article was to identify the correlation between the semantics of verbs of speech and the structural type of constructions. For the purpose, it was necessary i) to identify the group of verbs of speech, ii) to make an inventory of the structures in question, iii) to identify their structural types and specific characteristics, iv) to distribute verbs of speech according to structural types, and v) to study the interdependence between the semantics of verbs and the types of constructions. Original literary texts of the Buryat electronic corps served as material for the study. Linguistic observation, description, component analysis, and structural modeling were used as methods of the analysis. Research results. Buryat explanatory clauses are of the three structural types: participial, participial with postpositions, and bifinite constructions. Each of them specializes in expressing information of a particular level of abstraction: bifinite constructions introduce direct speech; participial constructions with the accusative case of the dependent predicate convey indirect speech; participial constructions with postpositions name the theme. As the analysis of the distribution of verbs of speech by structural types shows, verbs with semantics suggesting a long speech act like ‘to tell’ are more often used in bifinite and postpositional constructions. Those with the meaning of a short speech act, or of the type ‘to add’, implement the valence of the speech in constructions with direct speech and conjunction gezhe. Verbs of speech that differ in their role in communication, for example, asuu-, hura- (ask), implement the valence of the speech in bifinite constructions with gezhe and participles in the accusative case. The author concluded that the structure of the constructions under study is largely dependent on the semantics of the verbs of speech.
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Kwak, Hae-yoon. "Analysis of the Discourse Marker Well through the Use of Speech Act Verbs." Convergence English Language & Literature Association 8, no. 2 (2023): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.55986/cell.2023.8.2.177.
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This paper aims to explore the illocutionary forces conveyed by the discourse marker well in English by focusing on speech act verbs that are crucial for understanding performative utterances. To achieve this goal, a new taxonomy of speech act verbs is proposed, which involves analyzing the illocutionary forces of well using the commonly used speech act verbs classified by Bach and Harnish (1979). The new taxonomy has been utilized to analyze the illocutionary forces of the discourse marker well as uttered by speakers. The study revealed that the discourse marker well conveys illocutionary forces through nine types of speech act verbs. These verbs are used by speakers to convey their intention within the specific context of their utterance.
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García Núñez, José María. "Embedded root phenomena and indirect speech reports." Linguistics 59, no. 6 (2021): 1531–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2021-0162.
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Abstract This article analyzes the occurrence of performative root phenomena in complement clauses. I show that the clauses that host this kind of phenomena have the same distribution as direct speech complements. I argue that the correspondence is based on the fact that, due to their rich syntactic left periphery, these embedded clauses convey speech acts. This assumption receives further support by the grammatical behavior of what I argue are the two major classes of verbs subordinating direct speech and ERP-hosting embedded clauses: locutionary and illocutionary embedding verbs. I analyze illocutionary verbs as bearing an abstract illocutionary predicate selecting either a propositional or a speech-act type, and locutionary verbs as ordinary relational predicates selecting a speech-act type. Taken together, these elements allow for a straightforward syntax-semantics interface and explain the differentiated behavior of root phenomena in complements to locutionary and illocutionary verbs.
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Chernyukh, Bohdan. "DIRECT SPEECH IN THE GREEK NOVEL OF THE I-III CENTURIES." Studia Linguistica, no. 19 (2021): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2021.19.146-157.
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The means of expression of direct speech in the Greek novel (Chariton, Longus, Achilles Tatius, Xenophon of Ephesus) are represented by both verbs, noun and pronominal phrases in which the semе “speech” is implied by a noun or context. The dominant means of introducing direct speech within them are verbs in personal and impersonal forms, which are divided into hyperonyms (λεγω, φημι) and hyponyms (βοαω, αποκρινομαι, κραζω, etc.). The latter also include verbs which in a certain context are close to speech verbs (γραφω, κλαιω). Mostly, direct speech is introduced by hyperonyms, which appear in approximately equal proportions. The studied texts reveal differences in the location of markers of direct speech depending on their nature, which are mainly presented in pre- and intraposition: hyperonyms are located at the beginning (λεγω) and inside (φημι) of direct speech, while hyponyms and noun phrases occupy a prepositional position. Dialogue parties are also characterized by the lack of explicit labeling of direct speech.
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Culpeper, Jonathan, and Elena Semino. "Constructing witches and spells." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 1, no. 1 (2000): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.1.1.08cul.
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In this paper, we highlight the centrality of verbs relating to verbal activities in witchcraft narratives in the Early Modern English period, and focus on speech act verbs used to refer to witches’ curses. In the first part, we refer to various classifications of speech act verbs and to Searle’s felicity conditions for speech acts, in order to describe the different meanings of verbs such as to curse, and to show how their central meaning has shifted over time. In the second part, we show how the speech act verbs form a structured set, which — in appropriate circumstances — could be used as an interpretative frame to create witchcraft events out of relatively trivial arguments within village communities. Here, we refer to Levinson’s notion of activity types as a possible explanatory framework.
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Medina, Asriyani, and Ria Saraswati. "A Semantic Analysis of Phrasal Verbs Produced by Hillary Clinton in The Commencement Speech." JEdu: Journal of English Education 1, no. 3 (2021): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/jedu.v1i3.5900.
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The aim of this research is to analyse a semantic analysis of phrasal verbs produced by Hillary Clinton in her commencement speech. The writer focused on the implied meanings and the phrasal verbs used by Hillary Clinton during her speech at Wellesley College in 2017. In this analysis, the writer used a qualitative descriptive method and a library research technique to collect the data. In analysing the implied meanings of phrasal verbs, the writer applied Geoffrey Leech’s theory. According to the result, the writer found that there were 10 or 25% phrasal verbs with conceptual meaning, 4 or 10% phrasal verbs with connotative meaning, 16 or 39% phrasal verbs with affective meaning, 7 or 17% phrasal verbs with social meaning, and 3 or 9% with thematic meaning. Therefore, the most dominant meaning in phrasal verbs produced by Hillary Clinton was affective meaning. Meanwhile, in analysing the phrasal verbs, the writer used the theory from Larsen-Freeman and Celce-Murcia. There were three types of phrasal verbs categorized into literal phrasal verbs, aspectual phrasal verbs, and idiomatic phrasal verbs. It can be concluded that there were 17 or 42% literal phrasal verbs, 10 or 25% aspectual phrasal verbs, and 13 or 33% idiomatic phrasal verbs. Thus, the most frequent type of phrasal verbs used during the speech were literal phrasal verbs.
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CABALLERO, ROSARIO, and CARITA PARADIS. "Verbs in speech framing expressions: Comparing English and Spanish." Journal of Linguistics 54, no. 1 (2017): 45–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226717000068.
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In this study, we explore how direct speech is portrayed in English and Spanish Speech Framing Expressions (SFEs). The study has two aims. Firstly, we survey the use of verbs in SFEs and offer a comprehensive inventory of those verbs in English and Spanish as representatives of Germanic and Romance languages respectively in order to determine what verb meanings are used to cue direct speech, what lexical resources express these meanings, and how rich and varied these vocabularies are in the two languages. Secondly, the comparisons across the languages provide the basis for a theoretical contribution to the debate about general typological differences in the semantics and lexicalization patterns of verbs in Germanic and Romance languages to the area of verbs for speech and to meaning modelling in general. Five main semantic categories of verbs were identified: speech, activity, perception, cognition and emotion. We show that Spanish features a much more varied repertoire than English and makes more use of verbs related to the domains of thinking and reasoning, while the physical domain is the preferred one in the English data set. It emerges that even though the same types of lexical resources are available in both languages, the ways of describing direct speech vary greatly.
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Shinzato, Rumiko. "Some observations concerning mental verbs and speech act verbs." Journal of Pragmatics 36, no. 5 (2004): 861–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(03)00002-x.
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Lestari, Denok. "Verba Ujaran dalam Bahasa Bali." Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) 8, no. 2 (2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jkb.2018.v08.i02.p08.
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This article analysed Balinese verbs from the study of semantics combining the theories of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) dan speech acts. The analysed verbs in this article were the speech verbs with illocutionary function. Data were collected through note taking and library research. Data were taken from printed resources, books, and the intuition of the researcher as a Balinese native speaker. The method of analysis was descriptive qualitative which classified data, analysed semantic structures of the speech verbs, and described the semantic components to formulate meaning configuration. The result of the analysis showed several speech verbs in Balinese had illocutionary function, including: 1) assertive (ngorahang ‘telling’, nyambatang ‘mention’, nuturang ‘telling’); 2) directive (nunde?n ‘enjoin’, nagih ‘billing’, nuturin ‘advise’); 3) commissive (mejanji ‘promising’, metanje?nan ‘offer’); 4) expressive ngajumang ‘praise’, ngame?lme?l ‘complain’, see ‘blame’, matbat ‘berate’, ngamadakang ‘pray’); and 5) declarative (ngadanin ‘naming’, nombang ‘forbid’).
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Cho, Sunghye, Naomi Nevler, Sanjana Shellikeri, et al. "Lexical and Acoustic Characteristics of Young and Older Healthy Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 2 (2021): 302–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00384.
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Purpose This study examines the effect of age on language use with an automated analysis of digitized speech obtained from semistructured, narrative speech samples. Method We examined the Cookie Theft picture descriptions produced by 37 older and 76 young healthy participants. Using modern natural language processing and automatic speech recognition tools, we automatically annotated part-of-speech categories of all tokens, calculated the number of tense-inflected verbs, mean length of clause, and vocabulary diversity, and we rated nouns and verbs for five lexical features: word frequency, familiarity, concreteness, age of acquisition, and semantic ambiguity. We also segmented the speech signals into speech and silence and calculated acoustic features, such as total speech time, mean speech and pause segment durations, and pitch values. Results Older speakers produced significantly more fillers, pronouns, and verbs and fewer conjunctions, determiners, nouns, and prepositions than young participants. Older speakers' nouns and verbs were more familiar, more frequent (verbs only), and less ambiguous compared to those of young speakers. Older speakers produced shorter clauses with a lower vocabulary diversity than young participants. They also produced shorter speech segments and longer pauses with increased total speech time and total number of words. Lastly, we observed an interaction of age and sex in pitch ranges. Conclusions Our results suggest that older speakers' lexical content is less diverse, and these speakers produce shorter clauses than young participants in monologic, narrative speech. Our findings show that lexical and acoustic characteristics of semistructured speech samples can be examined with automated methods.
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Mutalov, Davron, and Gulandom Abdullayeva. "Semantic study of speech verbs in world linguistics." American Journal of Philological Sciences 5, no. 2 (2025): 125–28. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume05issue02-35.
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The main objective of this research is to examine the historical roots of Turkic speech verbs widely used in Uzbek and Turkic languages and to analyze their lexical-semantic development based on their general and specific aspects. This study aims to determine the place of Turkic linguistic units in the dictionaries of related languages and to conduct a comparative analysis to identify the key aspects of semantic development of speech verbs in Turkology. Furthermore, it focuses on analyzing the semantic relationships of specific and diverse terms in Uzbek and Turkic languages and determining the degree of their semantic similarity in translation.
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GOLDFIELD, BEVERLY A. "Nouns before verbs in comprehension vs. production: the view from pragmatics." Journal of Child Language 27, no. 3 (2000): 501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900004244.
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This study examines pragmatic factors that bias English-speaking children to produce more of the nouns and fewer of the verbs that they know. If nouns are favoured for production, parents should elicit more nouns than verbs in child speech. If verb comprehension is favoured over verb production, parents should more often prompt children to produce an action than to produce a verb. Data from 44 parent–child (age 1;8) dyads in the New England directory of the CHILDES data base were analysed. Children produced more nouns than verbs but mothers produced more verbs than nouns. Speech act analyses indicate that mothers elicited noun production but rarely prompted children to produce verbs. Mothers more often prompted children to produce an action than to produce a verb, and verbs occurred most often in maternal speech acts used to elicit children's actions. Moreover, children comprehended many more verbs than they produced. These data suggest that production measures underestimate the frequency and significance of verb-learning in early lexical development.
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Ruano, Pablo. "Corpus Methodologies in Literary Translation Studies: An Analysis of Speech Verbs in Four Spanish Translations of Hard Times." Meta 62, no. 1 (2017): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040468ar.
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In this article, speech verbs in Dickens’sHard Times(1854) and their translation into Spanish are analyzed. Apart from their basic function of introducing speech, these verbs can also contribute to characterization. The regular occurrence of a particular speech verb to report the direct speech of a particular character helps to create a fictional personality. Given the important role they may play, the rendering of such verbs in four Spanish versions of this novel is assessed. To do so, a corpus-based methodology has been employed. A concordancing software was used to retrieve speech verbs from the original novel, allowing their close analysis in context. Then, using an aligned parallel corpus containing the four versions, a comparison was carried out to see how they have been rendered. Evidence is provided that none of the four translations entirely preserves the characterizing value of the verbs, which may affect the way readers form impressions of characters in their minds. The use of this corpus metholodogy is thus seen to contribute to the field of literary translation studies.
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Yuliantini, Yuliantini, Sumarlam Sumarlam, and Tri Wiratno. "Modalité des modaux du français dans les actes discours directifs dans BD Michel Vaillant en perspective sociopragmatique." Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities 3 (2019): 00046. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.43319.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:0in">This research aims to describe the
 type of modality of French modal verbs in directive speech acts in the comic
 Michel Vaillant and find its meaning. In French, modality it is seen in the use
 of modal verbs such as <i>devoir, pouvoir,
 vouloir,</i> and <i>falloir</i>. In addition
 to the semantic studies, the terms are also considered to be socio-pragmatic.
 This study describes the modality of modal verbs in directives speech acts in
 the data. Analysis of the modality types is made by dividing it into four
 categories namely intentional, epistemic, deontic and dynamics. The purpose of
 this study is to describe the verb type and mode which means the modality of
 French modal verbs in directive speech acts. The socio-pragmatic approach is
 used to address the problem and interpret the intent of the spoken statement.
 The unit of analysis is the speech acts. The speech here means directive using
 modal verbs used by the characters in Michel Vaillant. In addition, to find the
 meaning of French modal verbs we use Hymes’ theory on the components of speech
 situations.<o:p></o:p></p>
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NOVRUZƏLİYEVA, S. C., and N. Ə. ƏLİYEVA. "İLHAM ƏLİYEVİN NİTQİNDƏ FRAZEOLOJİ FEİLLƏR." Actual Problems of study of humanities 2, no. 2024 (2024): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.62021/0026-0028.2024.2.052.
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Phraseological Verbs in Ilham Aliyev's Speech Summary In this article, studying the speech of President Ilham Aliyev from the point of view of Azerbaijani linguistics, 9 phrasal verbs are examined and their processing functions are indicated. "Pay attention, give instructions, show an effort, keep word, give start, show caution, sit down" in the article are motivational verbs, "go to a new level" is political, and "have eyes closed" is a negative phraseological verb. The scientist who wrote the article presents one of the listed verbs as native (Azerbaijani), as brother (Turkish), as international (English), as post-soviet functional (Russian). Key words: Ilham Aliyev, Azerbaijan, speech, linguistic, phraseological verb, motivational, politically oriented
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Ginevra, Riccardo, Erica Biagetti, Luca Brigada Villa, and Martina Giarda. "A Constructionist and Corpus-Based Approach to Formulas in Old English Poetry." Languages 9, no. 7 (2024): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9070237.
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This paper explores a constructionist and corpus-based approach to Old English formulaic language through an analysis of the “maþelode system” of speech introductions. The analysis is performed on a section of the York-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Poetry, comprising the poems Beowulf, Battle of Brunanburh, and Exodus. The results show that most instances of the maþelode system belong to a well-attested construction continuum, structured by the widespread Old English (and ultimately Germanic) poetic devices of variation and kenning. This continuum ranges from more fixed repetitions that exclusively involve the verb maþelian to more schematic patterns that are also attested by other speech verbs, by verbs of giving, as well as by a number of further verbs of various semantic types. The particularly high frequency of this pattern with speech verbs and verbs of giving matches the prominent role, highlighted by previous studies, of both word-exchange and gift-exchange within Old English heroic ideology, and suggests that these formulaic patterns served the purpose to characterize the protagonists of speech or giving events as heroic and/or lordly figures.
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TARDIF, TWILA, MARILYN SHATZ, and LETITIA NAIGLES. "Caregiver speech and children's use of nouns versus verbs: A comparison of English, Italian, and Mandarin." Journal of Child Language 24, no. 3 (1997): 535–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500099700319x.
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This paper examines naturalistic samples of adult-to-child speech to determine if variations in the input are consistent with reported variations in the proportions of nouns and verbs in children's early vocabularies. It contrasts two PRO-DROP languages, Italian and Mandarin, with English. Naturalistic speech samples from six 2;0 English-, six 1;11 Italian-, and ten 1;10 Mandarin-speaking children and their caregivers were examined. Adult-to-child speech was coded for the type frequency, token frequency, utterance position, and morphological variation of nouns and verbs as well as the types and placements of syntactic subjects and the pragmatic focus of adult questions. Children's spontaneous productions of nouns and verbs and their responses to adult questions were also examined. The results suggest a pattern consistent with the children's spontaneous production data. Namely, the speech of English-speaking caregivers emphasized nouns over verbs, whereas that of Mandarin-speaking caregivers emphasized verbs over nouns. The data from the Italian-speaking caregivers were more equivocal, though still noun-oriented, across these various input measures.
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YUSİFOV, E. Q., and K. Y. YUSİFOVA. "MÜASİR İNGİLİS VƏ ALMAN DİLLƏRİNDƏ GÜMAN BİLDİRƏN FEİLLƏRİN SEMANTİK XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ." Actual Problems of study of humanities 1, no. 2024 (2024): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.62021/0026-0028.2024.1.099.
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Semantic Properties of Presumptive Verbs in Modern English and German Summary While studying the semantic characteristics of presumptive verbs in modern English and German languages, it can be concluded that these verbs, which are distinguished by their small number compared to other verbs in the vocabulary of the language, belong to the group of verbs that play an important role in the act of speaking due to their unique semantic nuances and a wide range of expressive possibilities. As a result, while studying the lexical-semantic features of the presumptive verbs in both languages, we clarified that the pragmatic-stylistic nuances of these verbs are characterized by the use of the correct verb as the correct choice in the subject's speech in relation to the object. Key words: speech act, presumptive verbs, semantic features, ways of expression, affirmative and negative forms
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Milevska, Olena. "Рsycholinguistic aspects of formation of verbal vocabulary in preschoolers with general speech undevelopment". Actual problems of the correctional education (pedagogical sciences) 20 (30 грудня 2022): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2413-2578.2022-20.103-111.
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The article is devoted to the problem of analyzing the determining factors of the formation of verbal vocabulary in preschoolers with general underdevelopment of speech from the standpoint of psycholinguistic analysis of the child's lexical development. The main linguistic characteristics of the verbal vocabulary are determined and its psychological essence is highlighted in view of the representations of the cognitive experience of the individual; the importance of verbal vocabulary for the development of semantic components of speech, syntactic structures and content of children's speech is emphasized. The peculiarities of the acquisition of verbal vocabulary by children with general underdevelopment of speech are characterized: violation of the distinction between semantic and grammatical forms of verbs, situational verbal and gestural substitutions of verbs, narrowing of the semantic field of verbs, difficulties in realizing syntactic connections of verbs in statements. The complexity of the verb as a linguistic phenomenon was analyzed and it was determined that, along with the preservation of the main lexical meaning, when the form of the verb changes, shades of their meanings may change. The importance of assessing children's formation of grammatical forms of verbs, semantic (prefix, suffix), lexical-semantic forms of verb synonymy, antonymіс, ambiguity is noted; lexical control skills in the process of using verbs. It was determined that violations of lexical-semantic and semanticsyntactic relations of verbs are factors of violations in the development of verbal predication.
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Ruano San Segundo, Pablo. "A corpus-stylistic approach to Dickens’ use of speech verbs: Beyond mere reporting." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 25, no. 2 (2016): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947016631859.
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The creation of Dickens’ most memorable characters is partly a result of his talent for endowing them with individual voices and characteristic turns of speech. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the role played by the speech verbs that gloss his characters’ words and the functions they may fulfil. The fact that the characterising potential of these speech verbs has previously been overlooked may be due to their dispersal through the texts and the difficulty of carrying out a close analysis of their role and functions. The use of a corpus methodology allows the systematic retrieval of these verbs and reveals how Dickens consistently uses particular verbs to report the speech of particular characters, thus further projecting character traits. This practice is not an isolated phenomenon but, as an analysis of Dickens’ 14 major completed novels shows, an important stylistic device in his works.
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NAIGLES, LETITIA R., and ERIKA HOFF-GINSBERG. "Why are some verbs learned before other verbs? Effects of input frequency and structure on children's early verb use." Journal of Child Language 25, no. 1 (1998): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000997003358.
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This study investigated the extent to which the nature of verb input accounts for the order in which children acquire verbs. We assessed the nature of verb input using a combined sample of the speech of 57 mothers addressing their Stage I children. We assessed the order of verb acquisition using as our database a combined sample of those children's speech 10 weeks later and using as our measure of order of acquisition the frequency of verb occurrence. The first set of analyses established the validity of this measure of acquisition order by comparing it with order of acquisition data obtained from checklist and diary data. The second set of analyses revealed that three properties of the input were significant predictors of the order of acquisition of the 25 verbs that were the focus of this study. The predictive properties of input were the total frequency, final position frequency, and diversity of syntactic environments in which the verbs appeared. These findings suggest that the way verbs appear in input influences their ease of acquisition. More specifically, the effect of syntactic diversity in input provides support for the syntactic bootstrapping account of how children use structural information to learn the meaning of new verbs.
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Ardiantari, Desak Putu Salshabila. "Natural Semantic Metalanguage Analysis of English Speech Act Verb ‘Inform’." International Journal of Language and Literature 7, no. 2 (2023): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijll.v7i2.47339.
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Generally, every language has a lexicon that is grouped into classified verbs. Each verb can be broken down into some specific subtypes. Particularly in English, verbs are semantically divided into several subtypes. Verbs such as tell, ask, inform, offer, forgive, and others are belonging to the types of verbs of speech or speech acts. This study aims to analyze natural semantic metalanguage analysis of English speech act verb of inform. In collecting data is using observational method. Therefore, the theory of natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) is used to analyze the data taken from the American Corpus (COCA). By way of explication, the particular lexicon is explained thoroughly to reveal the subtle meaning of semantic features without any bias. The research argues that the four subtypes of the speech act verb "inform" demonstrate varying semantic forms and structures. The distinctions in lexicon become evident within their common semantic domain. Moreover, the four associated lexicons with the verb "inform" possess unique semantic traits and serve specific purposes within speech acts.
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Novruzaliyeva, Sevda, and Nushaba Aliyeva. "Phraseological verbs in Heydar Aliyev's speech." Scientific Works 18, no. 1 (2024): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.62706/bqiz.2024.v18i1.130.
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In this article which studies Heydar Aliyev's speech from the point of view of linguistics, 20 phraseological verbs are examined, and the reasons why the great leader used them are explained. There are such phraseologiycal verbs in this post that they are political-diplomatic contents — such as “to put a veto”, “to adress a speech”, “o deliver a speech”, “to take responsibility”, “to raise a question”. There is such that it is refugee content like “to fall into trouble”. There are those who are literary-poetic-art - such as “to go into ecstasy”, “to give a stimulation”, “to put pen to paper”. The rest are active verbs in the daily life process - such as “to draw a plan” and so on.
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Malysheva, M. "ANALYSIS OF SEMANTIC-STYLISTIC COMPOSITION OF SPEECH VERBS IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN (based on novel by E. Bronte “Wuthering heighs” and translations by N. Vol’pin and U. Saptsina)." Social’no-ekonomiceskoe upravlenie: teoria i praktika 18, no. 2 (2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2618-9763-2022-2-91-100.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of semantic variability of speech verbs as well as their functioning in the novel by Emily Bronte “Wuthering Heights”. The article presents lexical- semantic classifications of speech verbs and ways of explicating the additional connotations in their meaning by adding dependent words and descriptive structures. In the course of study the key relevance is given to the valency theory due to differences in combinability of Russian and English. The study reveals major problems that occur during translation of verb lexis into Russian сonsidering the differences in linguistic worldviews. During the first stage of research the frequency of verbs occurrence was analyzed. Verb frequency count showed that the majority of the representatives can be identified as characterizing acoustic and physiological speech aspects of the utterer. The initial meaning of this group is not related to speech and gains the speech seme in context due to the process of metaphorization. The mentioned lexical layer appears to be stylistically marked and carries expressive connotations. Some speech verb occurrences were not fixed in the dictionaries and identified as author’s individual usage. Stylisticly neutral verbs are surrounded by verbal extensions actualizing the evaluative function of characters’ speech. These compounds are also included into the semantic field of speech verbs. During the second stage the comparative analysis of two translation versions given by N. Vol’pin and U. Saptsina was performed. It revealed the occurrence of dissonance in stylistics and semantic volume of a word in some cases. As a result of the study, speech verb occurrences were classified according to differential semes found in their meaning. The findings demonstrated the significant role of the given lexical-semantic group for depicting figurative and conceptual creativity of the novel.
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Badalyan, Lilit. "Lexicalization Patterns of English and Armenian Verbs of “Speech Activity”." Armenian Folia Anglistika 8, no. 1-2 (10) (2012): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2012.8.1-2.065.
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The article studies the relation between the lexicalization patters of English and Armenian verbs of speech activity and their syntactic characteristics based on L. Talmy’s typology. The latter distinguishes between two types of languages – the so-called “satellite-framed” languages where the semantic component of manner of the action is lexicalized in the meaning of motion verbs, and the direction of the action is expressed by other means and “verb-framed” languages where the meaning of the verb comprises the component of the direction of the action. An attempt has been made to apply Talmy’s theory to a semantic group of English and Armenian verbs of speech activity choosing 80 English and 60 Armenian verbs which contain the semantic component of the manner of action. For a clearer picture 2000 sentences from the National British Corpus and 1500 sentences from Eastern Armenian corpus have been studied since the syntactic possibilities of verbs are largely conditioned by various combinations of the semantic components of the meaning of verbs.
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Saito, Hiroaki. "Losing a subject, keeping an indirect object: On the “semi-grammaticalized” speech verb in Meadow Mari." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 7, no. 1 (2022): 5253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v7i1.5253.
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This paper investigates grammaticalization of speech verbs with special attention to the status of the indirect object (the goal argument). Based on a double dative construction and a semi-grammaticalized speech verb occurring in this construction in Meadow Mari, I suggest that there exists a stage of grammaticalization where the original speech verb loses its external argument (the subject) but retains its indirect object. I argue that this stage follows from Saito’s (2019, 2021) analysis of grammaticalization of speech verbs.
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Anjarningsih, Harwintha Yuhria, Kharisma Ulinnuha, and Myrna Laksman-Huntley. "Verb Structure and Grammatical Encoding in the Spontaneous Speech of Indonesian Speakers with Broca’s Aphasia." Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa 12, no. 2 (2023): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v12i2.4749.
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This study aimed to obtain the characteristics of verb structure in the speech of Indonesian speakers with Broca’s aphasia and their relation to the Argument Structure Complexity Hypothesis (ASCH) and grammatical encoding. There are three questions, namely the interrelationships of verbs and syntactic functions, interrelationship of verbs and semantic functions, and the contribution to the ASCH and grammatical coding. Eight participants took part, divided into four with aphasia and four Non-Brain Damaged (NBD) participants as controls. The research used an experimental research method. The instruments were five images adapting Cookie Theft (an instrument used in an aphasia test in various languages) and 3 instructions to tell about daily activities. The results showed that participants with aphasia tended to use verbs in simpler structures than controls. Therefore, this study supports the ASCH about the argument simplification and tendency of grammatical coding problems, important as coming from Indonesian, an Austronesian language. Clinical implications are discussed. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik struktur verba dalam tuturan spontan penutur Bahasa Indonesia dengan afasia Broca dan hubungannya dengan Argument Structure Complexity Hypothesis (ASCH) dan pengkodean gramatikal. Ada tiga pertanyaan penelitian, yaitu keterkaitan verba dan fungsi sintaksis, keterkaitan verba dan fungsi semantik, dan kontribusi terhadap ASCH dan pengkodean gramatikal. Delapan peserta ikut serta, dibagi menjadi empat dengan afasia dan empat peserta tanpa gangguan syaraf (Non-Brain Damaged: NBD) sebagai kontrol. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lima buah gambar yang mengadaptasi Cookie Theft (instrumen dalam tes afasia lintas bahasa) serta tiga buah instruksi untuk bercerita tentang kegiatan sehari-hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peserta dengan afasia cenderung menggunakan verba dalam struktur yang lebih sederhana daripada peserta NBD. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mendukung ASCH tentang penyederhanaan argumen dan kecenderungan terjadinya masalah pengkodean gramatikal. Dukungan ini penting karena datang dari Bahasa Indonesia yang merupakan bahasa rumpun Austronesia. Implikasi klinis juga disarankan.
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To‘rayeva, Dildora. "THE MECHANISM OF PERSON’S CHARACTER IN SPEECH." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORD ART 1, no. 3 (2020): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9297-2020-1-6.
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In this article, the speech of people with different temperaments was studied on the basis of psycho linguistic coefficients. The ratio of verbs in the Treyger coefficient to the amount of adjectives; Based on the objectivity coefficient of the action, the ratio of verbs in speech to nouns were investigated experimentally.
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Monville-Burston, Monique, and Linda R. Waugh. "Lexicon, genre and local discourse organisation: French speech act verbs and journalistic texts." Journal of French Language Studies 8, no. 1 (1998): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269500000569.
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AbstractSpeech act verbs have characteristic uses in journalistic texts. Our analysis shows that there is a metapragmatic shell which specifies how clarifying speech act verbs – ajouter, préciser, souligner, indiquer – are employed in reported speech microstructures, and with respect to which each verb has its own lexico-pragmatic specificity. To illustrate our genre-specific method of lexical analysis, préciser and souligner are examined in detail. These verbs contribute to textual cohesion and to clarification in terms of the relation between the reported speech they introduce and the discourse context in which they are used. They are also subject to the economy of the journalistic text, in particular the balance between scription (conventional writing) and écriture (creative writing). Thus, they evidence convergence of meaning, semantic bleaching and stylistic variation: that is, there is a semi-grammaticalisation of these verbs.
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Perret, Michèle. "L'antéposition d'un complément dans les complétives en ancien français est-elle un phénomène discursif ?" Verbum 21, no. 3 (1999): 339–49. https://doi.org/10.3406/verbu.1999.1619.
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The hypothesis of a discursive origin, in Old French, of the order CVS in completive clauses is tested. In a thirteenth century text, la Mort le Roi Artu, the distribution of the constructions according to the type of verbs is examined : 29,92% of completive clauses introduced by speech verbs present an order not corresponding to SVC whereas this irregularity is noticed only in 11,39% of completive clauses introduced by other types of verbs. Considering the group of these completive clauses in which the regular order SVC is not to be found, 85,82% present the order CVS without any marked difference between speech verbs and other verbs, except if some uses of savoir and être vrai are excluded from the latter group.
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Kambanaros, Maria, and Willem van Steenbrugge. "Lexical retrieval deficits in anomic aphasia and specific language impairment (SLI)." Linguistic Variation 13, no. 2 (2013): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.13.2.05kam.
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Lexical retrieval of verbs and nouns was compared in two groups of impaired language users, children diagnosed with SLI and adults with acquired anomic aphasia, on two production tasks: picture confrontation naming and connected speech. Both children with SLI and adults with anomic aphasia showed a more substantial lexical or naming deficit for verbs than for nouns. However, no specific verb retrieval deficit was observed in connected speech in either group. Furthermore, partial correlations between verb and noun naming and their type-token ratios in connected speech failed to find an association between verb/ noun retrieval in naming and in connected speech. The results suggest (1) that children with SLI and adults with anomic aphasia show a specific verb deficit in naming, and (2) that the ability to predict lexical retrieval abilities for verbs (and nouns) in connected speech from naming performance is weak for both groups.
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Ganbarova, Nurlana Eldeniz gizi. "PRAGMATIC COMPONENT OF ENGLISH SPEECH VERBS." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, series Philology. Social Communications 2, no. 4 (2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2663-6069/2020.4-2/03.
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Makhanbet, ZH. "LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF PHRASAL VERBS IN ENGLISH." Eurasian Science Review An International peer-reviewed multidisciplinary journal 2, no. 6 (2024): 723–32. https://doi.org/10.63034/esr-192.
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The purpose of this work is to explore the specifics of the use of phrasal verbs and the features of their translation into Russian, as well as to determine the place of phrasal verbs in English considering their lexical and grammatical features. The research objectives include conducting a theoretical analysis of available literature on phrasal verbs, providing a classification of phrasal verbs, analyzing English song lyrics for the frequency of phrasal verb usage, and determining the lexical and grammatical features of phrasal verbs. The relevance of this study lies in the complexity and importance of mastering phrasal verbs in English, as they are essential for authentic communication and comprehension of English speech. The scientific novelty of this work emphasizes the importance of phrasal verbs for communicative competence and their role in enriching speech. Research methods involve surveys among students and comparative analysis. The factual basis includes printed dictionaries, historical literature, and previously unused scientific data.
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Huo, Haitao, and Yi Zhang. "An Analysis of the Interpersonal Function of Joe Biden’s Inaugural Speech." International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 9, no. 3 (2023): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.3.405.
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Interpersonal function of language was first put forward by Halliday and it has been added by some scholars, which is one of the three meta-functions of language. It helps us establish and maintain social relationships. This paper analyzes the inaugural speech of Joe Biden based on interpersonal function and conducts both a quantitative approach and a qualitative approach. This research has found: In personal pronoun system, Biden used the first person pronoun most frequently in his inaugural speech. In modality system, medium-value modal verbs were used most, followed by low-value modal verbs and high-value modal verbs. In mood system, declarative sentences were used most often, which made his speech more objective and reasonable. In tense system, present tense appears most often in the speech, followed by future tense and past tense. In evaluation system, different resources have helped to achieve the interpersonal function.
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Yusifli, A. "THE VERB IN GERMAN AND THE DIFFICULTIES OF LEARNING IT." Sciences of Europe, no. 130 (December 11, 2023): 63–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10352562.
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In German, the verb is one of the main parts of speech. It is used to express actions, states, processes, and changes. The study of the verb in German includes several stages: Familiarity with the main types of verbs. In German, verbs can be weak (in which the infinitive ends in -en) and strong (have variable vowels). It is necessary to study the main types of verbs, their conjugation in different tenses and features of declension. The study of verb tenses. In German, there is a wide range of tenses, including the present, past, future tense, as well as various types of conditional and subjunctive moods. At this stage, it is necessary to study the main time forms and their use. Vocabulary expansion. To use a variety of verb constructions, it is necessary to study a large number of verbs and their meanings, as well as to study the various grammatical constructions in which verbs can be used. Practice and practice of the use of verbs in speech. While studying verbs, it is important to actively use them in various contexts in order to consolidate their correct use and learn to freely express their thoughts and actions. The stages of learning a verb in German can be different depending on the level of the language and the teaching methodology, but these main stages allow you to create a framework for learning verbs and their use in speech.
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SANDHOFER, CATHERINE M., LINDA B. SMITH, and JUN LUO. "Counting nouns and verbs in the input: differential frequencies, different kinds of learning?" Journal of Child Language 27, no. 3 (2000): 561–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900004256.
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Previous research has focused on evaluating the nouns and verbs in parents' input through type/token ratios. This research offers an additional means of evaluating parent speech by first examining the frequencies of individual nouns, verbs and descriptors and second examining the learning task presented to children. Study 1 examines 25 transcripts from the CHILDES database of English-speaking parents' speech to children at five developmental levels ranging from 0;11 to 2;11 in age. Study 2 examines 50 transcripts from the CHILDES database of Mandarin-speaking caregivers' speech to children ranging from 1;9 to 2;3 in age. The results suggest that the patterns of frequency for individual nouns and individual verbs are different, but that the frequency patterns for nouns and the frequency patterns for verbs are similar in English and Mandarin. Further, this research suggests that in both languages the nouns in parents' input are similarly organized: the most frequent nouns spoken to children tend to name solid objects that share a similar shape. In contrast verbs' meanings in both languages tend to include more variable conceptual relations.
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Bidasiuk, Nataliia, Yuliia Yakymchuk, Olha Kharzhevska, Kateryna Oleksandrenko, and Olha Rudoman. "Analysis of Reporting Verbs in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone by J. K. Rowling: Syntactic and Semantic Approach." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, no. 8 (2023): 2048–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1308.21.
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The syntagmatic relations of reporting verbs and the semantic manifestation of these relations are discussed in this article. We describe five positioning types of the author’s comment related to direct speech and calculate the absolute and relative frequency of each of them. We also study the means of expressing subjects and their possible positions in reporting clauses; furthermore, we describe the grammatical forms of reporting verbs, the past simple being overwhelmingly predominant. We especially focus on the semantic nature of reporting verbs with their division into semantic groups. We also analyse different approaches to the issue of direct speech being considered as a direct object of a reporting verb. Our analysis of examples indicates that direct speech is not a direct object of a reporting verb. In addition, we examine the direct and optional objects of reporting verbs and characterise the prepositions of optional objects. Adverbs used as reporting verb modifiers are classified according to their meanings. Adverbial phrases, prepositional phrases and -ing clauses, modifying reporting verbs, are analysed and their structure, syntactic functions, and meanings are described.
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Caballero, Rosario. "Showing versus telling." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 14, no. 1 (2016): 209–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.14.1.09cab.
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In this paper I provide a qualitative description of the verbs used to introduce Direct Speech (DS) in fictional narratives written in English and their Spanish translations in order to compare the way these two languages reconstruct speech events in texts by means of both speech verbs (e.g. say/decir, counter/argumentar, declare/manifestar) and non-speech verbs (e.g. grin/sonreír, scowl/fruncir el ceño). Using a corpus of popular fictional narrative genres and drawing upon typological research on motion after the work by Talmy (1985, 1988, 1991) and Slobin (1996a, 1996b, 2004, 2005, 2006). I look into the strategies used in English and Spanish for recreating speech events in order to explore whether the typological differences between these languages are replicated in the case of speech. The hypothesis is that, contrary to what happens with motion events, the differences between English and Spanish do not rest upon lexical availability but, rather, on the weight placed in different speech elements in agreement with two different agendas regarding speech events. While congruent with typological studies, this piece of research attempts to broaden their scope and explore a topic still underexplored.
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Goldfield, Beverly A. "Noun bias in maternal speech to one-year-olds." Journal of Child Language 20, no. 1 (1993): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009132.
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ABSTRACTThis study examines the distribution of nouns and verbs in maternal speech to one-year-olds. Mothers and children were videotaped during toy play and non-toy play. Nouns and verbs in maternal speech were coded for frequency, sentence position and occurrence with grammatical inflections. maternal speech was also coded for utterances that prompted the child to produce a noun or a verb. Frequency of nouns and verbs varied with context. There were more noun types and tokens during toy play, and more verb types and tokens during non-toy play. Nouns occurred more often than verbs in shorter maternal sentences, in sentence-final position, and with fewer grammatical inflections. Mothers also more often prompted their children to produce nouns. There was a significant positive correlation between frequency of noun types and tokens during toy play, and the proportion of nouns in children's first 50 words.
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Uhrig, Peter. "Hand gestures with verbs of throwing: Collostructions, style and metaphor." Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 10, no. 1 (2022): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2022-0006.
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Abstract This paper is an exploratory corpus-based study of a set of verbs of throwing and their co-occurrence with iconic gestures. It is hypothesized that the (in)formality and the metaphoricity of verbs is related to co-speech gesture frequency, but ultimately, relatively little evidence is found for such relationships. A simpler alternative assumption, i.e. that it is mental simulations that drive co-speech gesture alone, has to be dismissed, too, because the frequency of co-speech gesture is markedly different across verbs, ranging from roughly 41 to about 60 per cent (lob vs. fling, respectively). One possible explanation might be that, just as with co-occurrences between purely verbal signs, some verbs are conventionally associated with certain types of gestures to a higher degree. With sufficient data, we can quantify these associations, making use of statistics developed for research on collocation and collostruction.
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Estévez-Rionegro, Noelia, and María Sampedro Mella. "Los verbos de petición como introductores del discurso referido." Logos: Revista de Lingüística, Filosofía y Literatura 30, no. 2 (2020): 250–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15443/rl3020.
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The referred speech is usually presented by declarative verbs. However, there are other semantic classes specialized in speech reproduction procedures, such as request verbs. From the analysis of the Archivo de Textos Hispánicos de la Universidad de Santiago, made up of texts of oral, theatrical, journalistic and narrative language, we try to establish the frequency of use of the verbs implorar, suplicar, rogar, solicitar, pedir, reclamar and exigir as introducers of referred speech, as well as their greater or lesser productivity according to the type of procedure: indirect style, direct style, pseudo-direct style and hybrid style. In addition, the characteristics of each structure are explored with the proposal of knowing the configuration mode of the sequences that introduces each verb (its members, the position of each element, etc.) and that establish certain differences between them within each type of referred speech.
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Sudipa, I. Nengah, Anak Agung Putu Putra, Made Henra Dwikarmawan Sudipa, and Made Bayu Anantawijaya Nala. "Pragmatic studies on Balinese speech act verbs." Linguistics and Culture Review 7, no. 1 (2023): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v7n1.2274.
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This article is aimed at discussing Balinese Speech Act Verbs from the pragmatic studies. The data are oral and written ones, the former was collected by interview from the key informant from two regencies in Bali namely: Tabanan and Bangli regencies. The later, i.e written data was obtained by observation and note-taking, taken from four Balinese short stories. The collected data was analysed by applying the Pragmatic theory. The result shows that from the types of Balinese speech act verbs, there are locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary speech act verbs. Examples of the Locutionary Acts: Ia nyatua lakar luas ka Bali ‘he tells to go to Bali’ Illocutionary acts : Ia metakon dija meli togog ‘He asks where buying statue’ Perlocutionary acts : Ia nundén apang nulungin ngaba batu ‘he instructs to help him bring stone’ There are also five categories of Balinese speech act verbs, they are: (1) representatives which bind the speaker to the truth of the stated proposition: nyutetang ‘conclude’ (2) directive which the speaker's attempts to compel the addressee to act nunas ‘request’ (3) commissives which obligate the speaker to take some future action masamaya ‘to promise’, metanjénan ‘to offer’)
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Xueli, Hou, and V. T. Sadchenko. "LEXICO-SEMANTIC GROUP OF SPEECH VERBS IN RUSSIAN DIALECTS OF THE AMUR REGION." Humanities And Social Studies In The Far East 18, no. 1 (2021): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31079/1992-2868-2021-18-1-23-27.
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The article dwells on the analysis of verbs of speech based on the dialectal material of the Russian dialects of the Amur region, which has not been properly studied in the aspect of dialect variety. The typology of speech verbs, represented in the “Dictionary of Russian Dialects of the Amur Region”, in the semantic aspect is revealed.
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Stefanov, Simeon. "ВЛАДКО МУРДАРОВ. РАЗНИ СЪВЕТИ ЗА ГЛАГОЛИТЕ / VLADKO MURDAROV. MISCELANEOUS TIPS ABOUT VERBS". Journal of Bulgarian Language 68, № 68.04 (2021): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.68.21.04.15.
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The review is dedicated to the new book of Prof. Vladko Murdarov, DSc „Miscelaneous tips about verbs“, which draws attention to the hesitations and mistakes that Bulgarians most often make with verbs in their oral speech. Examples related to the mispronunciation of verbs and verb forms, as well as the expressions in which they are included, are selected, and the possible reasons for the mistakes are indicated. An assessment of a number of new phenomena in our language, manifested in public speech, which are waiting for the most correct decision, is also given.
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Шакенова, Меруерт. "ТІЛДІК ТҰЛҒАНЫҢ ПРАГМАТИКАЛЫҚ ҚҰЗЫРЕТТІЛІГІН ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУ МЕН ДАМЫТУДЫҢ ЖОЛДАРЫ". Педагогика и Методы Обучения, № 4 (69) 2024 (13 березня 2025): 14–19. https://doi.org/10.47344/m6eq8349.
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The main problem that will be considered in the article is the formation of pragmatic competence of a linguistic person on the basis of analytical formants of verbs. It was considered in connection with pragmatic competence that the meaning given by analytical formants and forms of verbs is reflected in speech, that is, in linguistic spending. The process of changing posture verbs, including indirect ones, is fully revealed in the speech situation, thereby determining the thought of the addressee, the idea that he wanted to convey. Currently, the formation of pragmatic competence of a linguistic
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Iriantini, Sri. "Tindak Tutur Performatif dalam Cerita Anak Jepang: Kajian Pragmatik." Jurnal Sakura : Sastra, Bahasa, Kebudayaan dan Pranata Jepang 7, no. 1 (2025): 170. https://doi.org/10.24843/js.2025.v07.i01.p09.
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A communication is formed from various utterances consisting of various meaningful sentences. When communicating, a person says an utterance that pragmatically will bring meaning not only lexically, grammatically, but also contextually. The utterance that is expressed contains a certain intention of the speaker so that it is called a speech act, and a speech act that performs the speaker's intention is called a performative speech act. Performative speech acts can be marked by the presence of performative verbs explicitly, or not marked by performative verbs, but in context can be understood as performative speech implicitly. The type of performative verb used is also adjusted to the purpose of the speech, which can be declarative, representative, directive, expressive, or commissive. This research discusses this, with data taken from Japanese children's stories, to find out the types of performative speech that often appear in Japanese children's stories, and the types of performative verbs that are often used. The theory used in this research is pragmatics theory, with descriptive qualitative research method, literature study research technique, which then the data is studied with distributional method and element sorting technique. The results of this study show that implicit performative speech acts are more common than explicit performative speech acts in Japanese children's stories. Furthermore, the implicit performative.
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Gerasimov, Dmitry. "On two types of dicendial causal markers (with a special focus on the languages of Eurasia)." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 2 (2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2022.2.7-29.
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Constructions involving speech act verbs are a well-known diachronic source of adverbial connectors, but the latter have so far received less attention in the literature compared to other common products of grammaticalization of verba dicendi, such as reportatives or complementizers. This paper focuses on dicendial causal markers in the languages of Eurasia. The majority of such elements fall into two distinct types (“saying / having said” and “if you / one say(s) why”), defined on the basis of their formal make-up, but clearly diff erent in their positional and semantic properties as well. It is shown that the differences between the two types are directly linked to their diachronic origins. Previously proposed universal grammaticalization clines for speech act verbs can only be relevant for the fi rst type. The paper also puts forward hypotheses concerning the syntactic status of causal clauses introduced by markers of the two types and sketches prospective avenues for further languagespecific research.