Artykuły w czasopismach: „Steel converter”

1

Benkő, Mária Z., i György Kaptay. "A Virtual LD-Steel-Converter". Materials Science Forum 414-415 (styczeń 2003): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.414-415.365.

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Stalinskii, D. V., V. G. Ordin, V. I. Levchenko, A. S. Rudyuk i G. S. Gakheladze. "Rail production from converter steel". Steel in Translation 42, nr 6 (czerwiec 2012): 513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091212060186.

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Molchanov, L. S., A. G. Chernyatevich, V. V. Vakulchuk, P. O. Yushkevich i M. K. Chubin. "Evaluation of influence of multilevel oxygen lance constructions on blowing efficiency of converter bath with post-combustion of waste gases". Fundamental and applied problems of ferrous metallurgy, nr 32 (2018): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52150/2522-9117-2018-32-208-219.

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The aim of the work is to carry out an economic assessment of the effect of various structures of multi-tiered oxygen lances and methods for flushing the converter bath with the afterburning of waste gases on the efficiency of the production of iron-carbon semi-products in a modern metallurgical plant. The study was conducted for the process of steel smelting in converters of combined blowing with supply of oxygen from above and neutral gas through the bottom in the conditions of using conventional and multi-tiered oxygen tuyeres. Studies on the afterburning of converter gas in the converter cavity showed that, in proportion to the increase in the proportion of CO2 in the exhaust gases, the costs of steel production are reduced. Compared with the use of tuyeres of classical construction, they amount to 3.23 US dollars / ton of steel for double-circuit, 6.81 US dollars / ton of steel for bunk, and 11.61 US dollars / ton of steel for three-tier. It was determined that when using the classic design of the upper oxygen tuyere, the lower heat of combustion of the converter gas is 10 MJ / m3. In comparison with the classical design, the two-tier, double-circuit and three-tier tuyeres ensure a reduction in the lower heat of combustion of the converter gas by 8,5; 4.4 and 27.1% (rel.), Respectively. On the basis of the data obtained, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of using the technology of combined blowing of the converter bath with the afterburning of exhaust gases in the converter cavity.

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Chen, Yang, Shiyu Li, Zhiyong Liu i Zixiao Wang. "Anticorrosion Property of Alcohol Amine Modified Phosphoric and Tannic Acid Based Rust Converter and Its Waterborne Polymer-Based Paint for Carbon Steel". Coatings 11, nr 9 (9.09.2021): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091091.

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Four kinds of alcohol amines were tested to improve the anticorrosion performance of the phosphoric and tannic acid (PTA)-based rust converter. The alcohol amine modified PTA rust converters with the optimum mechanical and functional performances were used to prepare the homogeneous single-component waterborne rust conversion-based paint. The mechanical properties and the long-term corrosion resistance of the synthesized rust converter-based paint were investigated. The results show that alcohol amine modified PTA rust converter can convert the rust layer into a thick passivation film with iron tannate and iron phosphate as the main components, significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the carbon steel. The alcohol amine D modified PTA rust converter (RC-D) showed the best anticorrosion and rust conversion performances. The waterborne rust conversion-based paint can convert the rust layer of steel into a blue-black and relatively flat passivation film layer. The waterborne polymer-based paint containing 10 wt.% RC-D significantly improves the long-term corrosion resistance of the rusty steel and the mechanical property of paint.

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Tleugabulov, S. M., N. B. Aitkenov, G. G. Zhabalova, A. G. Belichko i G. A. Uleva. "Metallurgical processing of converter slag". Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 318, nr 3 (12.09.2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2021/6445.26.

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Converter slurries at modern metallurgical plants represent a significant part of metal-containing industrial waste with a high concentration of iron. Currently, there is a problem of their utilization and use as raw materials for metallurgy. The purpose of this work is to study the processes of briquetting and recovery of briquetted products, based on a mixture of converter slurries of gas purification and converter slags. When performing experimental studies on the preparation of sludge briquettes from a mixture of converter sludge of gas purification and converter slag, their metallization and reduction melting in laboratory conditions, the optimal composition of the components of the mixture of converter slag and gas purification sludge was determined by the percentage of iron, which is appropriate for use as a raw material for steel smelting. Experimental studies on the preparation of sludge-coal mixtures from dispersed metal-containing and carbon-containing industrial waste with stoichiometric coal consumption for the recovery of extracted metals have proved the possibility of obtaining sludge-coal briquettes, which are further subjected to metallization and reduction melting. Sequential processing of dispersed production waste, namely drying, metallization and reduction melting, allowed us to obtain at the final stage a metal sample that corresponds to high-quality steel in its composition. Based on the analysis of the results of experimental studies, the technology of reducing melting of metal-containing waste has been developed. As a result of the implementation of the technology, high-quality steels and alloys can be obtained without carburizing the metal, bypassing the production stages of cast iron and high-carbon alloys. The content of harmful impurities of sulfur and phosphorus meets the technical requirements of high-quality steel. The proposed technology for processing slag and sludge from oxygen-converter production will reduce the volume of accumulated production waste.

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Khmirov, V. I., M. S. Gordienko, V. A. Makhnitskii, V. A. Plokhikh, R. V. Starov i A. S. Tartakovskii. "Production of oxygen-converter rail steel". Metallurgist 31, nr 3 (marzec 1987): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00748469.

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Malikov, Vladimir, Sergey Dmitriev, Alexey Ishkov, Alexander Katasonov i Anatoly Sagalakov. "Investigation of steel to dielectric transition using microminiature eddy-current converter". MATEC Web of Conferences 143 (2018): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814303005.

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The research aims to develop a microminiature converter for electrical steel investigation. The research topic is considered relevant due to the need for evaluation and forecasting of safe operating life of electric steel products. The authors determined the capability to study steel characteristics at different depths based on variations of eddy-current converter amplitude at the steel-dielectric boundary. A microminiature transformer-type converter was designed, which enables to perform local investigations of ferromagnetic materials using eddy-current method based on local studies of the steel electrical conductivity. Having the designed converter as a basis, a hardware-software complex was built to perform experimental studies of steel at the interface boundary. A system was developed for automated converter relocation above the studied object at a specified velocity. Test results are reported for a specimen with continuous and discrete measurements taken at different frequencies. Response dependence of eddy-current converter was found to demonstrate non-linear behavior at steel to dielectric transition. The effect of gap between the eddy-current converter and the test object is investigated.

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Zeng, Jian Hua, Wei He, Yong Chen i Hong Pan. "Study on Dephosphorization Technologies in Converter with Semi-Steel". Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (listopad 2011): 1119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1119.

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Because of disadvantages of converter steelmaking with semi-steel in Panzhihua Steel, such as slow-footed slag forming, low rate of dephosphorization, high rate of rephosphorization after converter smelting, studies on increasing dephosphorization rate have been carried out. These studies comprise the optimization of slagging process, oxygen supply, bottom argon supply, end-point control of converter smelting, and so on. With these countermeasures, the rate of dephosphorization has been increased obviously. The results show that the average rate of dephosphorization is above 90% with single-slag process during converter smelting. Otherwise, content of phosphorus at the end-point of converter smelting can be controlled below 0.007%, and rephosphorization rate after converter smelting can be controlled below 0.003%, which meets the requirement of [P]≤0.010% for steel products.

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9

Zhu, G., Y. Hao, C. Xia, Y. Zhang, T. Hu i S. Sun. "Study on cementitious properties of steel slag". Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 49, nr 2 (2013): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb120810006z.

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The converter steel slag chemical and mineral components in China?s main steel plants have been analysed in the present paper. The electronic microscope, energy spectrum analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the main mineral compositions in the converter slag. Converter slag of different components were grounded to obtain a powder with specific surface area over 400m2/kg, making them to take place some part of the cement in the concrete as the admixture and carry out the standard tests. The results indicate that the converter slag can be used as cementitious materials for construction. Furthermore, physical mechanic and durability tests on the concrete that certain amount of cement be substituted by converter steel slag powder from different steel plants are carried out, the results show that the concrete with partial substitution of steel slag powder has the advantages of higher later period strength, better frost resistance, good wear resistance and lower hydration heat, etc. This study can be used as the technical basis for ?Steel Slag Powder Used For Cement And Concrete?, ?Steel Slag Portland Cement?, ?Low Heat Portland Steel Slag Cement?, ?Steel Slag Road Cement? in China, as well as a driving force to the works of steel slag utilization with high-value addition, circular economy, energy conservation and discharge reduction in the iron and steel industry.

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Yin, Qiang, i Gong Fa Li. "Mechanical Model and Movement Analysis of Self-Adjusting Bolt in Converter". Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (styczeń 2014): 1070–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.1070.

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The movement model of self-adjusting bolt is built in this paper, then the kinematical and mechanical analysis is taken to determine the movement of bolt under the converters working condition.Via the mechanical model analysis of self-adjusting bolts, the load applied to the self-adjusting bolt support including the static weight load of converter and steel liquid, the tilting torque, the dynamic load produced by frequent startup, brake, impact, and the boiling of steel liquid is calculated to determine the distribution of load forcing on the three groups of the self-adjusting bolt. According to the results of stress analysis, the bolt facing tapping hole is the most dangerous when converter tilts 63°. The maximum torque is 281.5101tm.

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Sun, Yan, i Yong Lan. "Calculation for 180 Ton Tilting Torque of Converter Based on SolidWorks". Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (listopad 2012): 1150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.1150.

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This paper took 180 ton converter of Anshan Iron and steel Group as example, simulated the process of converter titled holding applying 3D simulation software, calculated the torque of empty converter and liquid steel in initial trunnion position, determined the best position of trunnion , calculated the tilting torque of the converter finally. The method is simple, accurate, graphic and practical, it provides a simple means for the design of converter equipment.

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Guan, Hong, i Xue Ping Ren. "Calculation of Tilting Torque for Converter Based on Solidworks". Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (grudzień 2012): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.660.

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One 150 ton converter of an iron and steel group occurred nodded phenomenon in the production process, the dynamic characteristics is poor. Initially be suspected that the converter exist “negative” torque steel. In order to clarify the changes of tilting torque in the steel process. apply Solidworks software ,create 3D model of converter, then determine the Center of gravity position and calculate the tilting torque of the converter with the tilting angle changes. Solidworks software is parameterized 3D design software, can calculate quickly and accurately, has strong analytical processing capabilities. This paper made to calculate provide a simple method of calculation for converter equipment design and maintenance.

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Quaranta, Nancy E., Marta G. Caligaris i Osmell Díaz. "Characterization of Converter Refractories for Recycling". Materials Science Forum 798-799 (czerwiec 2014): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.605.

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The lining of steel converters and ladles consists of magnesia-graphite refractories. The steel industry is the biggest consumer of refractories, about 70% of the total production of these materials. For this reason, it is very important to recycle them for the production process. The aim of this work is to carry out the physicochemical and microstructural characterization of post-mortem magnesia-graphite refractories from a steel plant, in order to achieve their incorporation to the manufacture of ceramic masonry to be used in the construction industry. The obtained results indicate acceptable properties in these industrial wastes in relation to the physicochemical and environmental characteristics and the feasibility of reusing them in the mentioned applications.

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14

Sokolov, Doris, Alexander Sbepeljavyi i Alexander Medvedev. "Steel Converter Process Control with Cooling Additives". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, nr 13 (wrzesień 2004): 1449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)31432-5.

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Pahlevani, F., S. Kitamura, H. Shibata i N. Maruoka. "Simulation of Steel Refining Process in Converter". steel research international 81, nr 8 (12.08.2010): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201000053.

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Komshukov, V. P., V. V. Sokolov, V. M. Mashinskii, A. I. Shchipanov i B. E. Yanak. "Improving converter-steel production at OAO ZSMK". Steel in Translation 39, nr 3 (marzec 2009): 227–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091209030103.

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Gupta, Sanjay Kumar, Abdhesh Prasad, Abhinandan Chatterjee, Manoranjan Kumar, Somnath Ghosh i Ramen Datta. "Adoption of Sinter Addition in Steelmaking Converter to Control Spitting". Journal of Metallurgy 2015 (15.12.2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/187042.

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Steel Melting Shop-I, Rourkela Steel Plant, Rourkela, produces 0.5 MT of various special steels through BOF-VAR/VOR-LF-CC route. One of the most serious problems in BOF operations was lance skulling, hood jamming, and build-up of metal in the mouth and cone of the furnace due to spitting and slopping. As spitting occurring during blowing increases, these particles of metal are deposited inside the mouth and cone and affect badly BOF productivity. In the present work, control of spitting has been established by addition of sinter during the period of spitting. It also helped to improve the slag formation and fluidity of slag through increase of FeO content during peak decarburisation period.

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Yin, Qiang, i Gong Fa Li. "Test Analysis of the 60 Tons Converter". Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (luty 2014): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.432.

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Converter is the main equipment in steel making, and its work reliability decides the security and economy of steel production. Therefore, how to design and test analysis of converter has been an important subject of industry research. Through the static centric calculation of converter, combining independent software, compute dynamic center and dynamic torque of mass in the process of sampling and the tapping of converter. The reliable operation of converter through qualitative analysis are guaranteed by taking necessary measures.

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Costoiu, Mihnea, Adrian Ioana, Augustin Semenescu, Dragos Marcu i Massimo Polifroni. "Management possibilities for increasing the electric steel quality". MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817808008.

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The article presents the technological advances and modernizations carried out at national and / or world level in the field of increasing the electric steel quality. In this context, conventional complex steel processing methods are analyzed outside the electric arc furnace, in order to increase the electric steel quality. Special non-conventional procedures for the production of quality steels are also presented. The progress achieved in the field of steel production, mainly aimed at increasing productivity and quality, had as a basic premise the "secondary metallurgy" or the treatment of the metal outside the primary production aggregate (furnace or converter). This concept involves transforming the furnace or the converter into a specialized fast-melting aggregate, the rest of the processes specific to advanced steel refining being carried out in pots (which is why the "pot metallurgy" denomination is also used). We will also present in the article a revolutionary concept for the steel production in the electric arc furnace, a procedure which is the subject of a patent application belonging to the authors of this article, applying the pyramid effect for the steel production in the electric arc furnace.

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Liu, Kun, Li Ming Bao, Ren Zhi Han i Sheng Tao Qiu. "Hydraulic Model Experimental Study on Coherent Jet Flow Field". Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (grudzień 2010): 1099–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1099.

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Based on Anshan Iron and Steel Company 180t top-bottom converter prototype, the operating parameters and the structural parameters for best stirring effect of bottom-blowing converter and top-bottom converter was given by the hydraulic model test in this article. Coherent jet oxygen lance converter smelting effect was simulated under the condition of keeping the best top blowing gas flow rate. The experiment result shows that coherent jet oxygen lance may achieve the result of top-bottom converter stirring effect. If coherent jet oxygen lance could be applied in the converter, bottom blowing system of converter could be canceled. In that case, not only the converter equipment can be simplified, but also the converter lining life can be improved, bring steel-making technology transformation.

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Liu, Yan, Mao Fa Jiang i De Yong Wang. "Process Calculation of Producing Stainless Steel Crude Melts by the Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction in a Converter". Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (luty 2011): 4442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.4442.

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The process calculation of producing stainless steel crude melts by smelting reduction in a 150 t converter is carried out for the first time by use of the empirical data and calculation method of refining plain carbon steel in a converter, according to the blowing conditions of 185 t smelting reduction converter of No.4 steelmaking shop in Chiba Works of JFE Steel. Using the self-programming procedure for the processing calculation, the proper coke quantity and a complete set of calculation data for the process of smelting reduction in a converter are obtained, including the batch calculation, the material balance and heat balance calculations. The calculation results show that the increase of PCR can decrease the quantity of coke and actual oxygen consumption considerably, and improve the thermal efficiency of smelting reduction converter. For producing 18 wt% Cr stainless steel crude melts, comparing with the process of electric arc furnace, the process of smelting reduction in a converter can reduce the production cost greatly. The use of the recycled metal containing chromium can shorten blowing time and improve the yield of chromium.

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Liu, Yan, Mao Fa Jiang i De Yong Wang. "Heat Balance Calculation of Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction Process in a Converter". Advanced Materials Research 460 (luty 2012): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.460.338.

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The heat balance calculation of producing stainless steel crude melts by chromium ore smelting reduction in a 150 t converter is carried out by use of the empirical data and the calculation method of refining plain carbon steel in a converter, according to the blowing conditions of 185 t smelting reduction converter of No.4 steelmaking shop in Chiba Works of JFE Steel. In the heat balance calculation, the heat consumption is calculated according to the actual reduction process in the converter and the thermal efficiency and the coefficient of thermal energy of smelting reduction converter are calculated. The calculation results show that the thermal efficiency η is 60.143% and the coefficient of thermal energy KT is 71.743%. The calculated relative error of heat balance is 0.019%. Heat balance calculation is an important part of the converter smelting process calculation, and it is extremely significant in the pursuit of the converter production of high quality and low energy consumption.

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Zhu, Yunfeng, Yi Gao, Qinghe Zeng, Jin Liao, Zhen Liu i Cuiying Zhou. "Real-Time Structural Monitoring of the Multi-Point Hoisting of a Long-Span Converter Station Steel Structure". Sensors 21, nr 14 (11.07.2021): 4737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144737.

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In the process of using a long-span converter station steel structure, engineering disasters can easily occur. Structural monitoring is an important method to reduce hoisting risk. In previous engineering cases, the structural monitoring of long-span converter station steel structure hoisting is rare. Thus, no relevant hoisting experience can be referenced. Traditional monitoring methods have a small scope of application, making it difficult to coordinate monitoring and construction control. In the monitoring process, many problems arise, such as complicated installation processes, large-scale data processing, and large-scale installation errors. With a real-time structural monitoring system, the mechanical changes in the long-span converter station steel structure during the hoisting process can be monitored in real-time in order to achieve real-time warning of engineering disasters, timely identification of engineering issues, and allow for rapid decision-making, thus avoiding the occurrence of engineering disasters. Based on this concept, automatic monitoring and manual measurement of the mechanical changes in the longest long-span converter station steel structure in the world is carried out, and the monitoring results were compared with the corresponding numerical simulation results in order to develop a real-time structural monitoring system for the whole long-span converter station steel structure’s multi-point lifting process. This approach collects the monitoring data and outputs the deflection, stress, strain, wind force, and temperature of the long-span converter station steel structure in real-time, enabling real-time monitoring to ensure the safety of the lifting process. This research offers a new method and basis for the structural monitoring of the multi-point hoisting of a long-span converter station steel structure.

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Li, Hui, i Jing Long Liang. "Steelmaking Desulfurization Process". Applied Mechanics and Materials 508 (styczeń 2014): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.508.95.

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Some rare elements in steel caused by defects on the steel, the sulfur as a harmful element in the converter, the sulfur removal is essential, introduced converter sulfur removal process and some technical viewpoint shallow herein.

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CHIBA, KOICHI, AKIHIRO ONO, MASAO SAEKI, TAKAMASA OHNO, MASAO YAMAUCHI i MICHITAKA KANAMOTO. "ON-LINE ANALYSIS OF MOLTEN STEEL IN CONVERTER". Analytical Sciences 7, Supple (1991): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.7.supple_655.

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Kazakov, S. V., A. A. Neretin, S. M. Chumakov, S. D. Zinchenko i A. B. Lyatin. "Treatment of converter steel with calcium-aluminum wire". Metallurgist 42, nr 5 (maj 1998): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02766357.

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Nosov, Yu N., A. A. Mikhalev i Yu V. Shkola. "Ladle-furnace desulfurization of low-silicon converter steel". Steel in Translation 39, nr 2 (luty 2009): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091209020120.

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Nosov, Yu N. "Efficient ladle treatment of converter steel with silicocalcium". Steel in Translation 40, nr 4 (kwiecień 2010): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091210040091.

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Galiullin, T. R., Yu N. Nosov, A. A. Mikhalev, Yu V. Shkola i A. V. Makhan’kov. "Desulfurization of steel on discharge from the converter". Steel in Translation 37, nr 10 (październik 2007): 863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091207100130.

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Kruskopf, Ari. "A Model for Scrap Melting in Steel Converter". Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 46, nr 3 (12.03.2015): 1195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0320-3.

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Kirilenko, V. P., P. I. Yugov, V. M. Zhuravlev, M. A. Pozhivanov i S. G. Mel'nik. "Deoxidation and modification of converter steel with barium". Metallurgist 33, nr 10 (październik 1989): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00748237.

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Ushakov, S. N., V. A. Bigeev, A. M. Stolyarov i M. V. Potapova. "Ladle Desulfurization of Converter Low-Sulfur Pipe Steel". Metallurgist 62, nr 7-8 (listopad 2018): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-018-0706-y.

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Flores Merino, Santiago, Juan José Caprari, Luis Vasquez Torres, Luis Figueroa Ramos i Antonella Hadzich Girola. "Inhibitive action of tara tannin in rust converter formulation". Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, nr 2 (6.03.2017): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-06-2015-1548.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the ability of commercial tara powder to convert rust into iron tannate and evaluate their use as raw material for the formulation of water based rust converter. Design/methodology/approach Water-borne acrylic primers were formulated with tara powder and aqueous tara extract and applied on steel rusted by three different methods. The conversion of rusted steel by tara tannins was studied by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The acrylic primers, containing hydrolysable tannins, were coated with alkyd finish and were evaluated in comparison to commercial systems in accelerated corrosion tests. The corrosion inhibition effects of tara powder on mild steel in 0.1M NaCl were studied by DC electrochemical techniques. Findings Tara tannin converts rust to ferric tannate and increases the magnetite content of rusted steel. The water-based acrylic primer formulated with aqueous extract of tara, alkyd-coated finish, showed performance equivalent to pure alkyd system. Research limitations/implications The chlorides content in the commercial tara powder can be screened the beneficial effect of hydrolysable tannins to convert rust. Furthermore, the water-based rust converter formulated with acrylic resin may be sensitive to salt contamination of rust. Originality/value Hydrolysable tannins from commercial tara powder have not been studied yet in its application to the development of rust converters. A water-based primer formulated with commercial tara powder developed for the effective treatment of rusted surfaces can be of interest as an environmentally friendly to current commercial approaches.

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Wang, Shuo Ming, Jin Hong Zhang i Hao Ming Liu. "Control of Nitrogen in Al-Killed Steel by Converter Flow". Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (lipiec 2011): 1055–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1055.

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This paper analyses and studies control of nitrogen on Al- killed steel using the methods of production experiment in the flow of molten iron pretreatment - 180t converter - LF refining – continuous caster. Results show that adding aluminum final deoxidization should be divided into two steps: Firstly, putting some aluminum into molten steel after adding alloy in the process of tapping of molten steel, making the [O] reduce to 6 ~ 7ppm. Secondly, adding aluminum wire in LF-refining making [O] and [N] reach the required values. LF-refining should try to shorten operating time and original mission ought to be finished ahead. Desulfurization should be completed in the flow of molten iron pretreatment and the tapping of molten steel. Process of removal inclusions should be accomplished by adding slag during tapping of molten steel and blowing-mixing. LF-refining has scarcely any slagging task, it only needs to complete adjustment ingredient task. Alloy and carburant which contains extremely low nitrogen should be choosed, so that nitrogen in molten steel can be steadily controled below 30ppm.

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Chen, Jun. "Nitrogen Control Technology for the Blowing Process of Combined Blowing Converter". Advanced Materials Research 402 (listopad 2011): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.205.

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At present, the nitrogen content in aimed molten steel is 18.32ppm on average in PISCO（Panzhihua Iron & Steel Co.）, and there is big fluctuation for nitrogen content. To solve this problem, factors affected the nitrogen content while blowing is discussed, and a comprehensive nitrogen control technology is formed. Experimental results show that with this technology the nitrogen content in aimed molten steel can be controlled in 15ppm, with the average value is 12.53ppm. The average nitrogen content in aimed molten steel is reduced by 5.79ppm, and nitrogen content of aimed molten steel is well controlled.

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Liu, Yan, Mao Fa Jiang i De Yong Wang. "Material Balance Calculation of Chromium Ore Smelting Reduction and Direct Alloying Process in a Converter". Advanced Materials Research 485 (luty 2012): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.485.574.

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The production process of stainless steel by chromium ore smelting reduction and direct alloying is an important and advanced way to raise the productivity of stainless steel, decrease the production cost, save electric energy and improve the economic profit. The material balance calculation of producing stainless steel crude melts by chromium ore smelting reduction in a 150 t converter is carried out by use of the empirical data and the calculation method of refining plain carbon steel in a converter, according to the blowing conditions of 185 t smelting reduction converter of No.4 steelmaking shop in Chiba Works of JFE Steel. It includes the actual oxygen consumption, furnace gas composition and occurrence amount, mass calculation of stainless steel crude melts and preparation of total material balance table. The absolute error of material balance is -2.859 kg and the relative error is -0.169%. The error is very small, so the material balance calculation can provide certain quantitative basis for determining reasonable design parameters and increasing smelting technology economic indicators.

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Yang, Xing Di. "Study on Refining Technology for Reducing the Content of T[O] in Steel". Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (grudzień 2011): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.419.

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In order to produce low oxygen steel with high quality, converter slag-tapping, slag oxidability and oxygen activity have been analyzed. In addition, modifying and adding process of slag, control of slag oxidability and bottom argon-blowing in ladle were studied as well. On this basis, refining process which is beneficial to low oxygen steel producing with converter-continuous casting process has been developed. The results show that content of T[O] in steel is not more than 15×10-6.

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Zhang, Peng Fei, Zheng Liang Xue, Feng Zou, Rui Xiong, Ting Ting Zhu, Guang Jin Wang i Zhi Peng Zhu. "The [Ti] Content Control of the Tire Cord Steel 82A". Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (wrzesień 2013): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.3.

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Based on the characteristics of the production process and quality level of the cord steel 82A, this paper focus on the analysis of the converter terminal temperature, terminal oxidability and the converter slag on the influence of the content of titanium in steel, which combined the oxidation removing related theory of titanium element in steel, and puts forward effective measures of ultralow titanium content controlling in steel, and obvious effects have been obtained in the production: the average [Ti] content is 4.9ppm in the end products, in which the proportion of less than 5ppm is above 90%.

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Das, D., S. R. Debbarma, D. Bouri, S. Banerjee i S. Chatterjee. "Assessment of a cracked reinforced concrete supporting structure for a converter in a steel melting shop through non-destructive testing and a statistical approach – a case study". Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 62, nr 11 (1.11.2020): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2020.62.11.633.

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The subject of this paper is the occurrence of cracks and other types of damage, such as delamination of the reinforcement cover, carbonation, porosity, etc, which have occurred in a reinforced concrete supporting structure for a converter in a steel melting shop in India. The structure consists of two thick reinforced concrete walls on which the converter rests. Converters are used in a steel melting shop for blowing oxygen through hot metal and steel is produced through a reaction with carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, etc. A scientific review of the existing non-destructive test methods is carried out with reference to this case study and critical features of the testing process are described, which will help site engineers to correctly devise the test sequence and analysis procedure for assessment of the structures in specific critical conditions. Crack depth is estimated by analysing test results based on the ultrasonic pulse velocity. The paper explains how appropriate selection of the method and basic parameters is essential for estimating the most accurate crack depth. Lack of understanding of the existing condition of the material of the structure may lead to an incorrect interpretation of the test results. Further to this, a simple statistical procedure is described to identify significant cracks without detailed testing. The repair methodology and its specific features are also discussed in this paper. This case study on the assessment of the converter supporting structure will help engineers to provide solutions for similar types of damaged structure found in industry.

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Ge, Wen Sun, Hong Jun Gong, Long Kui Jiang, Long Li i Lian Chen. "Study on Process Optimization of the Vanadium Containing Hot Metal Pretreatment". Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (wrzesień 2013): 2389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2389.

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A larger resulfurization took place in converter steelmaking using semi-steel from vanadium-containing molten iron pretreatment as hot metal in the Xichang Steel and Vanadium plant, which results in a serious impact on the improvement and qualified rate of a variety of high quality clean steels production. On the problems were present at the process of vanadium containing hot melt pretreatment, some production process optimization tests and process comparative analysis were carried out. The results showed that: resulfurization results in a difficult control of sulfur content in molten steel in course of vanadium recovery via BOF operation for the first desulfurization next vanadium recovery that is suitable for the production of normal sulfur steels. The first vanadium recovery next desulfurization is in more favor of slag skimming and low iron loss, which is suitable for the production of low sulfur steels. The production costs of the latter reduce 15 to 22 yuan / ton steel than the former, on the basis of cost comparison of plain steels and low sulfur steels, respectively.

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Eron’ko, S. P., S. A. Bedarev i S. V. Mechik. "Slag segregation in steel discharge from an oxygen converter". Steel in Translation 38, nr 7 (lipiec 2008): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091208070024.

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Martín, M., M. Rendueles i M. Díaz. "Global and local mixing determinations for steel converter analysis". Chemical Engineering Science 60, nr 21 (listopad 2005): 5781–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.05.017.

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Pataki, B., G. Horváth, Gy Strausz i Zs Talata. "Inverse neural modeling of a Linz-Donawitz steel converter". e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 117, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03161393.

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Chumakov, S. M., i P. I. Yugov. "Low-waste converter technology for making quality sheet steel". Metallurgist 42, nr 9 (wrzesień 1998): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02513019.

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Gizatulin, G. Z., V. S. Voroshilin, A. V. Pobegailo, G. V. Filippov i I. V. Lytko. "Treating converter steel in the ladle with inert gases". Metallurgist 31, nr 1-2 (luty 1987): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00749476.

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Taszner, Z., Alfred Ender i Oszkár Grega. "Development of Scrap Evaluation Algorithm to Optimize the Converter Charge Composition". Materials Science Forum 537-538 (luty 2007): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.701.

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Analysing the function of steel scrap and understanding its influence on development, are the main problems which interests the steel producers of the world. To create such an essay, the analysis of the actual developments of the quantities, the qualities and compositions of the used scrap types should be continuously monitored in the world’s steel industry. Series of local experiments and evaluating statistics focusing on process optimization by scrap have been done at ThyssenKrupp Steel. This includes the current study based on the records of scrap charges. In the following paper the development of an indirect scrap evaluation algorithm will be discussed, compared with results of the common ways.

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Lu, Yan Hong, i Xiao Ming Liu. "Applications of Spraying Technology in the Converter Hood". Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (sierpień 2013): 1992–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1992.

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According to analysis of operation condition and failure mechanism of converter hood, we designed a protective coating material and sprayed on the converter hood of Tianjin Iron & Steel Group Co. Ltd. by supersonic arc spraying technology, extended the working life of the converter and increased the output and benefit.

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Chen, Liang, Tian Ming Chen, Yong Chen, Sen Xiang Yang, Qing Chun Li i Jian Hua Zeng. "Development of High High Chromium Steel Tube Steel by Converter-Bloom Continuous Casting Process". Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (lipiec 2012): 1257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1257.

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In consideration of the composition characteristics and quality requirements of L80-3Cr high chromium Steel, the reasonable alloying system, temperature system and key technologies in continuous casting process are employed in the development of a full-line operation of LD-LF-RH-Bloom continuous casting on steelmaking with semi-steel, which meets the economic production of steel has been realized. The industrial tests show that the average effective rate of Cr is 98.2% in smelting process, and Cr content in steel products is consistent. T[O] content of rolled products is ranged from 10×10-6 to 16×10-6 with an average content of 13.5×10-6. Various inclusions of the products are no more than 1.0 level. There is good surface quality and internal quality of rolled products.

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Patra, Sudipta, Jagadish Nayak, Lokesh Kumar Singhal i Snehanshu Pal. "Prediction of Nitrogen Content of Steel Melt during Stainless Steel Making Using AOD Converter". steel research international 88, nr 5 (24.11.2016): 1600271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201600271.

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Kumar, Pramod. "Vishweshwaraiah Iron Steel Limited (VISL) fire disasters following steel converter blast, 30 July 2003". Burns 36, nr 1 (luty 2010): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2009.04.029.

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