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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Still water areas”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 9 lutego 2022

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1

NEWMAN, ALAN. "Water pollution point sources still significant in urban areas." Environmental Science & Technology 29, no. 3 (March 1995): 114A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00003a738.

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Trang, Truong Cam, Dinh Huy Pham, and Phuoc Tri Phan. "Research and design of an improved solar still for desalination." Science and Technology Development Journal 21, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v21i2.423.

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Water is one of the most important resources on Earth because of its vital role for human beings and other living creatures. During the devastating drought in the Mekong Delta in 2016, millions of people had no access to the secure source of fresh water. This issue cautioned and influenced the Vietnamese government to find an effective desalination process for the coastal areas impacted heavily by salinization. However, desalination processes require large amounts of energy which can be a problem for the coastal areas due to the lack of energy and high cost. The main purpose of the study herei
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Agrawal, Dharmesh. "Review on Desalination of Water using Different Solar Still Techniques." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35854.

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Solar still (SS) technology is one of the economic technologies for the conversion of saline or impure water to pure form. It is proven technique for the removal of hazardous chemicals such as arsenic, fluoride etc. Solar still can become very useful and eco-friendly process in rural and remote areas suffering from acute water crisis due to contamination of ground water and other manmade problems. In this work, we have studied different methods of desalination of water using solar still. The work discusses modifications in solar still, heat absorbing factors, reflectors, use of solar panel, tr
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Yusof, Khamaruzaman Wan, Ali Riahi, Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh, Emmanuel Olisa, Nuraizzah binti Mohd Azezs, Ahmad Raziqin bin Mohamad Khir, and Mardiana Marzuki. "Drinking Water Production Using Passive Solar Stills with Different Absorbing Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 1441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.1441.

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Solar stills as the cheapest options used to desalinate brackish water in areas having freshwater availability limitation. The purpose of this work is to investigate the water production improvement of double slope solar stills using heat absorption materials in the basin. Three similar shapes double slope passive solar stills were constructed to conduct the experiments in tropical climate of Malaysia. Each solar still had a stainless steel trough and a transparent polythene film as basin and cover respectively. Three basins each having 50 cm length, 30 cm width and 8 cm depth were used to kee
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Riahi, Ali, Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof, Mohamed Hasnain Isa, Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh, Amirhossein Malakahmad, and Nasiman Sapari. "Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Four Types of Solar Stills in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.56.

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This study aims at improving a solar distillation still by comparing the performance of four types of double slope single basin solar stills to produce adequate amount of potable water in the areas with confined fresh water. These solar stills fabricated with similar shapes. In each solar still a stainless steel basin with the length of 50 cm, width of 30 cm and depth of 8 cm was utilized. The still configurations differed based on inclusion of 2 cm depth of sea sand layer in the basin, a layer of black paint in the basin and use of a 50 W PV-DC heater. The study was conducted to increase the
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BRABRAND, A., B. R. HANSEN, and A. G. KOESTLER. "Creation of artificial upwelling areas for brown trout, Salmo trutta, spawning in still water bodies." Fisheries Management and Ecology 13, no. 5 (October 2006): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2006.00505.x.

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Hamadou, Osman Ali, and Khamlichi Abdellatif. "Optimizing an Active Solar still for Sea Water Desalination." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.985.

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Sea water desalination through solar radiation distillation process can achieve low cost and sustainable fresh water for remote dry areas. In conventional passive solar stills, the solar radiation passes through the transparent cover and supplies heat to sea water with limited back reflection. The evaporative heat transfer between the water surface and the glass cover produces the distillate by means of film type condensation at the inner surface of the glass cover. In order to enhance evaporation/condensation phase changes, active solar stills were introduced. In these last, saline water is c
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Sawestri, Sevi, Ni Komang Suryati, and Dina Muthmainnah. "Determination of potential fisheries areas based on trophic status (Case study in Situ Gede, Tasikmalaya)." Depik 10, no. 2 (May 19, 2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.10.2.20177.

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Situ Gede is one of the artificial lakes/reservoirs in Tasikmalaya, West Java. The lake has functioned as a source of household water needs, fisheries, and tourism. According to determine the development of water management requires information on the trophic status and water quality. This study aimed to obtain information on the trophic status and water quality of Situ Gede. The research was conducted in Situ Gede, Tasikmalaya, West Java, in 2018. Measurement and analysis of water quality parameters used the SNI and APHA methods, while the measurement of trophic status used the Carlson Trophi
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Robert, Rees Alexa, Dinesh Keloth Kaithari, M. Mumtaz Mirza, and Parimal Sharad Bhambare. "INFLUENCE OF NANO Al2O3 TO IMPROVE THE YIELD OF DOUBLE SLOPE SOLAR STILL." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 6, no. 3 (September 16, 2018): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2018.631.

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Purpose:The supply of pure fresh water is becoming a rising issue is many areas of the world. Clean water being a basic requirement is still unavailable to a large number of people. The fast development and growth in population and agriculture has helped to increase the need of clean water. The solar distillation is one of the most cost efficient ways to accomplish this.
 Methodology:When water evaporates from the basin of the still, it leaves the various impurities behind resulting in clean palatable water. Solar stills have a comparatively low yield but can be used to provide safe water
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10

Patil, Kartik Balkrishna. "Design and Fabrication of Thermosyphon Water Purification System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 14, 2021): 2320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34331.

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Lack of clean drinking water in rural areas is a huge problem during the occurrences of floods and other environmental disasters. Often, it takes a long time to transport potable water to these areas resulting in health issues for the residents. In this research, a solar power-based water purification system using PCM to produce clean drinking water in flood-affected areas or remote areas where potable water is difficult to obtain is proposed. Purification reduces the concentration of particulate matter including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, and fungi as well as re
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11

Fiati, Rina, and Anastasya Latubessy. "Mapping of Flooded Areas in the Kudus District." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i3.pp670-677.

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<p>Flood is still an annual problem in the Kudus District. Based on the survey and interview with Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD – Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah) data showed that in the Kudus District there are still many flood-prone areas. They also said that, there are six parameter that can be used to identify potential flood area such as: extensive inundation (km2, ha), depth or height of flood waters (meters), the flow velocity (m/s,km/h), the material washed away by flood flow (rocks, boulders, trees, and other solid objects), concentrations of water or silt thickn
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12

Yuen, E., M. Anda, K. Mathew, and G. Ho. "Water harvesting techniques for small communities in arid areas." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 6 (September 1, 2001): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0372.

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Limited water resources exist in numerous remote indigenous settlements around Australia. Indigenous people in these communities are still living in rudimentary conditions while their urban counterparts have full amenities, large scale water supplies and behavioral practices which may not be appropriate for an arid continent but are supported by extensive infrastructure in higher rainfall coastal areas. As remote indigenous communities continue to develop, their water use will increase, and in some cases, costly solutions may have to be implemented to augment supplies. Water harvesting techniq
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13

Zerouali, Mekki, Fouad Khaldi, and Zina Belkhiri. "Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Solar Still for the Production of Drinking Water in Desert Areas of Southern Algeria." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 03 (September 2018): 1850024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500244.

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Solar distillation is a simple method used for the production of drinking water from saline or brackish water. This method proposes a solution for the production of fresh water in arid and desert areas, where a large solar field is available and also the existence of underground sources of saline water. A solar distiller with a single basin and double slopes is theoretically examined. The theoretical model is based on the resolution of equations of heat and mass transfer dependent on time for glazing cover, water film and absorber basin. For validating the results of the theoretical model, a c
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14

Dhivagar, R., and S. Sundararaj. "A Review on Methods of Productivity Improvement in Solar Desalination." Applied Mechanics and Materials 877 (February 2018): 414–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.877.414.

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Population density and automation is the main reason for the demand of drinking water. Water purification without affecting an ecosystem is the important need for daily life. Desalination is the best and effective way to satisfy the demand of fresh water. It is the most effective application of the solar energy. There are many conventional and non-conventional techniques available to make drinking water from the saline water. Among these solar desalination proves to be both economical and eco-friendly system particularly for rural areas. Solar stills are simple device which is used to provide
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15

De Smedt, Peter. "Legal Instruments in Spatial Planning to Ban Building in Flood Zones: From Water Test to Planological Protection via “Water Sensitive Open-air Areas”." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 14, no. 3-4 (December 6, 2017): 346–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01403005.

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In Flanders, the Government has recently established an innovative policy framework to preserve the water storage capacity in flood-prone areas. In this context, the concept of ‘Signal Areas’ (signaalgebieden) has been created. These areas are still undeveloped areas with a hard planning destination (residential and industrial areas) located in flood-prone areas. The framework outlines in what way one needs to deal with the flood risk in these areas. In order to implement this policy relating to signal areas in spatial planning, a recent draft decree has introduced water sensitive open-air are
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16

Hemingway, Catherine, Michelle Lo, Lee Cooper, Adejumoke Adeyemi, and Susan Higham. "Dissolution of human enamel in still flavoured water drinks in vitro." Journal of Research in Dentistry 2, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v2e52014398-408.

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AIM: This study aimed to investigate the erosive potential of these drinks using human enamel in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A range of bottled, still flavoured water drinks available in the UK were investigated and their erosive potential was compared by measuring pH and titratable acidity. Six beverages were chosen for the main study and also both a negative (distilled water) and positive control (orange juice). Human enamel specimens were prepared, sectioned and varnished leaving an exposure window visible to have contact with test solutions. Each specimen was randomly allocated in groups
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17

Persson, P. E. "A Summary of Problem Areas in Aquatic Off-Flavour Research." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0069.

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In spite of many important advances in the study of aquatic off-flavours, the absence of standardization in sensory methods as applied to water and fish is still an obstacle. The need for standardization is evident both in threshold techniques, flavour descriptors and scaling. The elucidation of biogenic off-flavours should be based on criteria which clearly define the character of evidence needed to establish causality.
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18

Hu, Zhouhan, Yaxun Wang, Maosheng Ye, Mei Liu, and Junqi Ding. "Localization of Potential Leakage Areas inside Plain Reservoirs Using Waterborne Electrical Resistivity Tomography." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 26, no. 2 (June 2021): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32389/jeeg20-070.

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Leakage of reservoirs will not only lead to the waste of water resources, but also cause soil salinization, dam break, and other serious consequences. Leakages may still occur even anti-seepage engineering measures are taken. This study utilized continuous waterborne electrical resistivity tomography to localize potential bottom geomembrane leakage areas in Datun plain reservoir in the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion project. The integrated sensitivity was firstly evaluated to select the optimum electrode array. Four leakage scenarios were numerically simulated and the resulting r
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19

Abarca, Nadya Lizeth Serrano, and Welitom Ttatom Pereira da Silva. "Locating water distribution reservoirs in rural Andean areas: a methodological approach." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.163.

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Abstract This study aimed to present a methodology for locating water distribution reservoirs in rural Andean areas (isolated areas, low-income population, mountainous region). The research methodology consisted of the following steps: (1) description of the problem; (2) development of the DR location protocol; (3) obtaining an algorithm; (4) calibration and adjustment; and (5) application. The obtained algorithm was based on the classification and overlapping operations of five-parameter maps (pressure limits – pressure in the water supply system from 5 to 40 mH2O; supply by gravity – guarant
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Wibowo, Arsanto Ishadi, and Keh-Chin Chang. "Solar energy-based water treatment system applicable to the remote areas: Case of Indonesia." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.003.

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Abstract Remote areas usually lack basic clean water services. Considering low population, poor geographical accessibility and lack of electricity, a small-scaled water treatment system capable of producing clean fresh water associated with solar thermal/photovoltaic applications, which is characterized with low capital cost, easy operation and less need of maintenance, is employed in the techno-economic study. Indonesia is one of the countries which owns considerable water resources in their territories but has moderate coverage in basic water services, and is chosen as a case for demonstrati
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Descroix, Luc, Bakary Faty, Sylvie Paméla Manga, Ange Bouramanding Diedhiou, Laurent A. Lambert, Safietou Soumaré, Julien Andrieu, et al. "Are the Fouta Djallon Highlands Still the Water Tower of West Africa?" Water 12, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 2968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12112968.

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A large share of surface water resources in Sahelian countries originates from Guinea’s Fouta Djallon highlands, earning the area the name of “the water tower of West Africa”. This paper aims to investigate the recent dynamics of the Fouta Djallon’s hydrological functioning. The evolution of the runoff and depletion coefficients are analyzed as well as their correlations with the rainfall and vegetation cover. The latter is described at three different space scales and with different methods. Twenty-five years after the end of the 1968–1993 major drought, annual discharges continue to slowly i
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Harsha Vardhini, P. A., and G. Janardhana Raju. "Design of Internet of Things Based Smart and Efficient Water Distribution System for Urban and Agriculture Areas." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9301.

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Groundwater plays an important part in India’s economy. It provides water to about 85% urban and rural proportion for household and agriculture needs. India being the 2nd largest in world population with a diverse population that is three times the size of the US but one-third the physical size. World Bank according to, how many people are living in poverty is still extremely disproportionate to the number of middle-income people, with a combined rate of over 52 percent of rural and urban poor. One of the major drawback in the Indian water distribution systems was found to be loss of water res
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Nugroho, Adam Rus, Ichiro Tamagawa, Almaika Riandraswari, and Titin Febrianti. "Thornthwaite-Mather water balance analysis in Tambakbayan watershed, Yogyakarta, Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 280 (2019): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928005007.

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Depok sub-district in Yogyakarta is one of the most populous areas, which also develops rapidly. The Tambakbayan watershed, which includes Depok sub-district, has been seen as one crucial watershed in Yogyakarta. This study conducted a Thornthwaite-Mather water balance analysis in the watershed in order to understand its hydrology capability. The result of the study on three stream areas of the watershed (upstream, midstream and downstream) shows that the dry months begins in May- June and ends in September-October. August tends to be the driest month in the year with total deficit value reach
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Alexis, Ndabarushimana. "Analyse De La Capacité De L’Etat Burundais à Répondre Aux Besoins Fondamentaux de la population: Cas De L'eau Et De La Santé." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 33 (November 30, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n33p80.

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Access to water and health care is one of the basic needs of the human being. This study conducted with 96 individuals selected using Alain BOUCHARD’s technic highlights the state of play on the capacity of the State of Burundi to meet the basic needs of the population in the water and health sectors. The study also shows the level of satisfaction of public service users in these sectors. The respondents were distributed in 26 localities in 8 provinces of Burundi. The results of this research shows that Burundi is still unable to effectively meet the needs of the population in the water and he
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Suryono, Chrisna Adhi, and Baskoro Rochaddi. "Kualitas Perairan di Daerah Fishing Ground Nelayan Kerang di Pesisir Timur Kota Semarang." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 20, no. 1 (July 19, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v20i1.1353.

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This study aimed to assess the relationship between marine water qualities in bivalve fishing ground on easter part of Semarang coastal water. The result of study shows that the waters quality on those areas is still available for marine organism life. The water quality of dissolved oxygen between 5,6 – 6,2 ppm, water temperature 29,3 – 30,4 oC, salinity 32 – 33,7 ppt, pH 7,1 – 7,8, turbidity 20,2 – 42,5 NTU, and current velocity 0,15 – 0,55 m/sec. That water quality in the study areas compered with standard water for marinr life is still to suport marine bivalvia to live. Its is proved with s
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Sriyanto, Sriyanto, Arvianto Ary, and Ihsan Hidayat Muhammad. "Design of Groundwater Filtration Technology to Meet the Clean Water Needs of Rural Communities Using Quality Function Deployment." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 05012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187305012.

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The provision of clean water for all Indonesians is one of the objectives of the government that is still constrained by the limitations of the existing water supply infrastructure. Some areas, especially rural or remote areas, are still hard to reach by the clean water facilities of the Regional Water Company. Whereas the groundwater resources in this region are abundant but can't be explored optimally to meet the needs of clean water and proper consumption for the surrounding community. The availability of water is not balanced with its quality, especially as qualified water for consumption.
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Mitko, Krzysztof, and Marian Turek. "Membrane-Based Solutions for the Polish Coal Mining Industry." Membranes 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080638.

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Poland still relies largely on coal for energy generation, which creates environmental problems connected to the mining process, particularly the issue of saline waste water discharge. Membrane-based zero liquid discharge systems can be employed to recover important resources from coal mine waste waters, such as demineralized water, salt, magnesium hydroxide, and gypsum. In this paper, we present a historical overview of proposed membrane-based solutions for the Polish coal mining industry and discuss possible further areas of research.
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Kogelbauer, I., and W. Loiskandl. "Characterization of sediment layer composition in a shallow lake: from open water zones to reed belt areas." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 11 (November 13, 2014): 12627–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-12627-2014.

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Abstract. Lake sediment characterization, a pre-requirement for the vulnerability assessment of lake ecosystems, demands reliable in situ methods for the characterization of the sediment layer composition. A unified characterization of lake sediments within different lake ecotopes (open water, open water patches within the reed, and the reed) is still a challenge. Each ecotope is covered by different classical scientific disciplines (hydrography and terrestrial remote sensing to soil physics) with their specific characterization methods. However, a complementary tool that bridges the gap betwe
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Zahia, Tigrine, Aburideh Hanane, Bellatreche Randha, Zioui Djamila, and Abbas Mohamed. "Water Desalination System: Experimental Study on the Performance of a Multi-Stage Still." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.546.

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This paper deals with engineering investigation and equipment design of a new multi-stage distillation system. The facility was designed in UDES center with the objective of increasing its productivity and improving its efficiency. Distillation device consists one of important process to produce fresh and clean water from brackish water that is abundant in many remote areas of south Algeria. In general, the production rate of the conventional solar still shows a daily production of 5 l/m2d which depends strongly on the material used and equipment design together with different factors. In comp
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Mulyanef, Duskiardi, and Rahmad Hidayat. "Performance Analysis of Sea Water Solar Still To Produce Fresh Water and Salt Using Flat Plate Collectors." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815902013.

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Fresh Water and salt are the most important necessities in human life. The scarcity and the difficulty to get fresh water and salt became main problems that emerge in many places such as for people who live in coastal areas and small islands where their main source of water and salt is the sea water. In order to obtain fresh water, people needs to process seawater into fresh water and salt. The term of fresh water used here means water which is free from dirt, bacteria, and other substances that are harmful for human health. To process the sea water into fresh water and salt has been done by d
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Baratta, Adolfo F. L., Laura Calcagnini, Abdoulaye Deyoko, Fabrizio Finucci, Antonio Magarò, and Massimo Mariani. "Mitigation of the Water Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Construction of Delocalized Water Collection and Retention Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041673.

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This paper presents the results of a three-year research project aimed at addressing the issue of water shortage and retention/collection in drought-affected rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. The project consisted in the design, construction, and the upgrade of existing barrages near Kita, the regional capital of Kayes in Mali. The effort was led by the Department of Architecture of Roma Tre University in partnership with the Onlus Gente d’Africa (who handled the on-the-ground logistics), the Department of Architecture of the University of Florence and the École Supérieure d’Ingénierie, d’Arc
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Yin, C. Q., C. F. Yang, B. Q. Shan, G. B. Li, and D. L. Wang. "Non-point pollution from China's rural areas and its countermeasures." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 7 (October 1, 2001): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0405.

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Most lakes in the eastern part of China are eutrophic and non-point pollution accounts for more than half of the nutrient load to the lakes and reservoirs. Some efforts have been made to reduce the non-point source pollution in the catchments of sensitive water bodies. Technologies for the control of non-point pollution in Chinese rural areas are multipond systems, biogas fermentation, hilly area ecological agriculture, constructed wetlands, ecotone engineering and others. They are effective in the removal of nutrients from the runoff water or reduction of waste, and they are used with multi-p
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Hasnain Hadi, Hashim, Imran Khan, Ghulam Sarwar, Muhammad Mushtaque, and Salman Masroor. "Comparative Analysis of Glass Fiber Sheet and Crepe Paper for a Wick Type Floating Solar Still." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 39, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2003.08.

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Water is a prerequisite for the existence of life on earth. Rapid growth in the global population and industrialization have created a dearth of freshwater resources. Escalating water scarcity suggests that the use of passive solar stills is the most suitable and viable option in the arid and semi-arid areas around the world. In this study, the yield of wick type floating solar still is experimentally investigated for different wick materials. Capillary rise and absorbency of two different absorbers are considered as performance parameters for analysis of the research. Based on results, crepe
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Nurzanah, Tri Noviyanti, Zakianis Zakianis, Bambang Wispriyono, and Athena Anwar. "SANITASI DAN AIR MINUM DI DAERAH PERKOTAAN DAN PEDESAAN DI PROVINSI BENGKULU (ANALISIS DATA POTENSI DESA 2018)." JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN 18, no. 3 (February 14, 2020): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jek.v3i18.2471.

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ABSTRACT
 
 Bengkulu Province is the fourth-lowest province in Indonesia for sanitation facilities and drinking water availability. The difference in socioeconomic conditions and very low access to sanitation in Bengkulu Province poses a major challenge to ensuring water and sanitation services for all, so as to attempt to control a large number of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of sanitation and drinking water between urban and rural areas in Bengkulu Province. Data analyzed were Village Potential data (PODES) in 2018 and the sample w
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Gomez, Mabel, Jordi Perdiguero, and Alex Sanz. "Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Water Access in Rural Areas of Low and Middle Income Countries." Water 11, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020202.

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Worldwide, 844 million people still lack access to basic drinking water, especially in the rural areas of low and middle income countries. However, considerable progress has been made in recent years due to work on the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals. Nevertheless, countries’ national characteristics have often impacted on this progress. This paper analyzes whether specific socioeconomic factors affect access to improved water sources in the rural areas of developing countries. In particular, we analyze access to ‘total improved’, piped on premises, as well as ot
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Ibrahim, Ghaleb, and Husham M. Ahmed. "Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Solar Still with Integrated Built-in Condenser." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.15 (October 7, 2018): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15.23022.

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Water scarcity is one of the most important problems in Middle East and North Africa. Many researchers believe that solar distillation is the best solution to solve water scarcity, especially since these areas are characterized by abundant solar energy most days of the year. One of the main disadvantages of solar distillates is the low rate of production and therefore the research focuses on the factors that many enhance and improve the rates of production of the solar stills. In this paper, the performance of a passive built in condenser incorporated into a solar still is studied theoreticall
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Vopravil, J., T. Khel, K. Voplakal, and M. Čermáková. "The impact of artificial drainage on water quality in two model areas in the bohemian forest foothills." Soil and Water Research 3, No. 3 (October 31, 2008): 138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7/2008-swr.

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This contribution arises from a broader research assignment dealing with the changes in soil properties and characteristics which have occurred following the artificial drainage of some agricultural soils in the Czech Republic. The current state is statistically compared with the state before the drainage. Thanks to the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation database, extensive sets of historical data are available. To enable a more detailed evaluation of the changes discovered, we chose two smaller study areas with different soil use. In the first area (Haklovy Dvory – a
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Liu, Hong-Yao, and Li-Hua Wen. "Evaluation of Agricultural Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Taihang Mountain Area." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101123.

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Based on the relevant data of nature, society, economics and water resources of eight sub-areas of Taihang Mountain from 2016, this paper selected six main evaluation factors including use efficiency of water resources, water deficient ratio, irrigation ration of arable land, precipitation amount of precipitation, per capita water resources and ecological water use ratio, and quantitatively researched water resources carrying capacity of eight sub-areas by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The evaluated results show that the comprehensive grade of the study area was higher than
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Weyand, Michael, and Ludgerus Rullich. "River rehabilitation in urban areas – restrictions, possibilities and positive results." Water Supply 19, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 944–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.145.

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Abstract Reaching the goal of good ecological status stipulated by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is generally difficult in German rivers. Appropriate habitat conditions for multiple and abundant incidence of flora and fauna are still missing. Existing water bodies, particularly in urban areas, are extremely affected by anthropogenic-induced pressures, resulting in reinforced river bottoms and river banks. In such regions, river rehabilitation is a challenging task and often requires a step by step approach to alter the given conditions. Nevertheless, work must be done and may cr
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Santos, João Almeida, Maria Cristina Sanches Amorim, and Arnoldo José De Hoyos Guevara. "WATER GOVERNANCE: THE FUTURE OF GROWTH WITH FOOD AND WATER." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2017v8i3p118-128.

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Forecasts for the next four decades are warning about shortage of water and food, particularly in developing economies. The demand for food will increase because of population growth, especially in developing economies. The problem is reinforced by the lack of water and reduction in food production. Today the consumption of water for food production is high because people do not realize that this is a scarce resource and that can definitely missing. We must create a policy for the management of water and that people are informed that it is not possible to use the feature without any control. T
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Kadhum, Najim Abed, Najm Abid Jassim, and Kamal Hussien Lateef. "Thermal Modeling of Solar Still Coupled with Heat Pipes and Experimental Validation." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 172–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.06.14.

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Water is the basis of the existence of all kinds of life, so obtaining it with good quality represents a challenge to human existence and development especially in the desert and remote cities because these areas contain small populations and water purification requires great materials and huge amounts of fossil fuels resulting pollution of the environment. Cheap and environmentally friendly desalination methods have been done by using solar distillations. Passive solar stills have low yields, so in this research, the problem is overcome by connecting four heat pipes which are installed on the
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Aziza, Nadya Nur, and Endah Djuwendah. "The Feasibility of Puncak Damar and Tanjung Duriat Ecotourism as Tourist Destination Areas." Journal of Business on Hospitality and Tourism 5, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/jbhost.v5i1.137.

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Jatigede Reservoir area has potential to be a Tourist Destination Area. This area has two ecotourism that are Puncak Damar and Tanjung Duriat. The area will be used as a Tourism Special Economic Zone (Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus). This research purpose is to find out how the feasibility of Puncak Damar and Tanjung Duriat Ecotourism as tourist destinations. The design used is qualitative with a case research approach. The result of the research showes that Puncak Damar and Tanjung Duriat have not fulfill the principle of ecotourism. Puncak Damar Ecotourism has attractions, (1) the views of Jatigede
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Grice, D., G. Caughley, and J. Short. "Density and DIstribution of Emus." Wildlife Research 12, no. 1 (1985): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850069.

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Emus are most abundant in areas used for extensive sheep grazing. Their density is lower in grain-growing areas, lower still in areas used for extensive cattle grazing, and lowest in those areas that are not used for any commercial purpose (mainly deserts). This pattern of emu density appears to be linked to climatic factors determining the availability of food during breeding, to the availability of naturally occurring and artificially stored surface water, and to the prevalence of dingos.
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Nygaard, Erik, Vibeke Ernstsen, Carsten S. Jacobsen, Ole H. Jacobsen, René K. Juhler, Peter Van der Keur, Svend E. Olesen, Jim Rasmussen, Per Rosenberg, and Henrik Vosgerau. "Pesticide leaching in Danish groundwater: identification of vulnerable areas." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 4 (July 20, 2004): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v4.4774.

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In Denmark the supply of drinking water is based almost solely on groundwater. During the past few decades Danish groundwater monitoring has encountered numerous instances of pollution with pesticides and their metabolites (GEUS 2003a). As a result, some hundreds of abstraction wells out of about 8000 in general water supply have been closed. With this background, there is a particular concern for reducing the leaching of pesticides into the groundwater. In the present study an approach for identification of areas potentially prone to pesticide leaching is described. The potential risk of leac
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Lowatanatrakul, Wanchai. "The Provincial Water Supply in Thailand and the Water Decade." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1991): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0419.

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In order to comply with the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade Plan (1981-1990), the Thai Government has set up a target that by the year 1990 not less than 95 percent of the Thai population, or more than 50 million persons, will be served with clean water, compared with 40 percent at the outset of the Decade. However, in 1985, due to several constraints, the Provincial Waterworks Authority (PWA) revised its own target to cover only about 70% by the end of 1990. In 1988 it was estimated that about 2.883 million people in PWA's service areas or about 58.0 percent can be s
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Makropoulos, C., D. Butler, and Ĉ. Maksimoviċ. "GIS supported evaluation of source control applicability in urban areas." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 9 (May 1, 1999): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0487.

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Although considerable effort is being expended to quantify the phenomena involved in source control and to produce guidelines for its application, there is still a lack of reliable, site-specific implementation methodologies. This study, using the multi-parameter handling capabilities of a geographical information system (IDRISI - GIS), aims to provide a methodological approach to source control implementation, taking into account both theoretical concepts and spatial characteristics of the implementation site. This is achieved by the creation of suitability maps for source control implementat
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Mukherjee, Subham, Pradip Kumar Sikdar, Sukdeb Pal, and Brigitta Schütt. "Assessment of Environmental Water Security of an Asian Deltaic Megacity and Its Peri-Urban Wetland Areas." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 2772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052772.

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Achieving urban water security requires sustaining the trade-offs between the exploitation of water/environmental resources and ecosystem services. This achievement not only reduces the pollution and contamination in the environment, level of water stress, but also secures good ambient water quality and future for people’s well-being and livelihoods. Changes in land use and land cover and growth of impervious structures can immediately generate severe ecological and social issues and increase the level of natural or manmade risks, affecting the condition of ecosystem services within and in the
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Sridhar, M. K. C., O. T. Okareh, and M. Mustapha. "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Some Selected LGAs in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (August 31, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6532512.

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Access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities is a basic necessity for human livelihood, survival, and well-being. Adequate WASH facilities provision is a critical issue to most developing countries around the world including Nigeria. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding WASH are integral to effective and sustainable WASH facilities provision. This study assessed the level of knowledge, behavior, and practices towards water, sanitation, and hygiene in Kaduna state, Nigeria, with a view to ensuring sustainable WASH facilities intervention in the region. Data collectio
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Chrysoulakis, Nektarios, Giorgos Somarakis, Stavros Stagakis, Zina Mitraka, Man-Sing Wong, and Hung-Chak Ho. "Monitoring and Evaluating Nature-Based Solutions Implementation in Urban Areas by Means of Earth Observation." Remote Sensing 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081503.

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Climate change influences the vulnerability of urban populations worldwide. To improve their adaptive capacity, the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS) in urban areas has been identified as an appropriate action, giving urban planning and development an important role towards climate change adaptation/mitigation and risk management and resilience. However, the importance of extensively applying NBS is still underestimated, especially regarding its potential to induce significantly positive environmental and socioeconomic impacts across cities. Concerning environmental impacts, monit
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Wang, Fu Ping, and Si Fa Ding. "Zig Bee-Based Wireless Sensor Network Design of Irrigation Systems." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.584.

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For irrigated areas still follow the traditional irrigation, causing serious water wastage. In this paper, chip CC2530 Zig Bee wireless network as the core, development and design coordinator nodes, routing nodes and devices terminal node, complete the irrigated areas of intelligent water-saving irrigation control system for wireless sensor networks networking structures. Equipment terminal node is responsible for collecting soil moisture data, the data is sent directly through the route or to the coordinator node, the coordinator node for data aggregation and passed to the intelligent control
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